Earticle

영화 ‘수상한 그녀’를 통하여 다양한 구조로 분석해 보았다. 영화 형태의 문화콘텐츠에 나타난 노인에 대한 사회인식을 사회심리, 복합적으로 접근하여 주인공 중심으로 주위 인물에 대한 역할 구조분석, 주위 인물에 대한 가 감점 구조분석, 주위 인물 환경에 따른 분위기 구조분석을 하였다. 그리고 그 분석을 통하여 노인과 관련된 사회학 이론으로 노인심리를 파악하였다. 젊은 세대에서 노인에 대한 편견을 갖고 무의식적, 의식적인 차별을 하는 부정적인 고정관념 및 인식이 형성되는 것에 대하여 결론에서 언급을 하였다. 따라서, 노인에 대한 긍정적 인식 변화가 필요 하므로, 집단적 편견을 배제하고 젊음을 추구하는 노인들의 심리를 공감할 수 있는 사회적 분위기 조성과 젊은 세대 와 노인 세대가 같이 공감하는 세대통합적 사회 프로그램 개발에 대한 필요성을 제언한다.

Through the film ‘Miss Granny', we analyzed a variety of structures. Social awareness of the cultural content of the film shown in the form of elderly social psychology, combination of approaches, role structural analysis of the people around centered the main character, acceleration structure analysis of the people around, the atmosphere structural analysis according to the environment of the people around. By these analysis, the elderly mentality was noticed by sociological theory related to the elderly. The formation of negative stereotypes and perceptions in what young people have a bias and unconscious, conscious discrimination against the elderly was mentioned in conclusion. Because the positive changes in recognition of the elderly is necessary, collective prejudice should be eliminated. The social atmosphere composition that can empathize with the sentiment of the elderly in the pursuit of youth and the necessity to develop generation integrated social programs with that younger generation and older generation sympathize together were suggested. were heartfelt suggested.

In modern economy, any firm cannot sustain by itself. Whatever the type of a firm, it is tangled up with other firms in any relation of supply and demand, partnership or competition, etc. In 2021, for example, chip shortage caused by the spread of COVID-19 and the sanction on Chinese chipmakers stroke the global automotive industry. As a result, major car original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) such as GM, Ford, Toyota, and many others stopped their production, which serially stopped their automotive component supplier’s production as well. However, the business magazine Forbes warns the worse situation with the messages “Battery scarcity could dwarf chip shortage impact on global auto sales” and “The semiconductor shortage will cut a total of 8.1 million cars from global production between 2021 and 2023, while between 2022 and 2029, 18.7 million rechargeable electric cars will be lost because of battery cell shortages” (Winton 2021). Due to the interdependence between firms, if any disruption erupts in the industry, its ripple effect impacts the cross-over in a multi-tiered value chain (Cachon and Lariviere, 2001). In 2010s, electric vehicle industry emerged by strong environment regulations and the hyper growth of the industry pioneers who are strongly based on information technology (IT), such as Tesla. Actually, automotive industry including electric vehicle is no longer limited to manufacturing, but is growing rapidly through a complex value chain combined with advanced IT technologies. Therefore it is highly required to understand the complex pattern and sustainability of the highly entangled system. In this research we investigate how the electric vehicle industry emerges and the resilience of the value chain changes. To tackle the research question, we introduce the novel methodological framework based on complex network theory and agent based model approach. From the empirical data on electric vehicle value chain of 6 years, we apply the framework to address the evolution of the industry using weighted network analysis (Figure 1). We found that the electric vehicle industry becomes more heterogeneous structure (Figure 2). This means that the companies. In complex network theory, the heterogeneous network structure has been well known to have the properties of “double-edge swords” in the robustness of the system, that is, it is usually very robust, but the collapse of a few central firms can cause whole system to collapse with a huge ripple effect (Albert et al. 2000). With the understandings of structural properties of electric vehicle value chain network, we examine the resilience of the network with introducing the agent based simulation model. From our simulation results, as year goes, the electric vehicle value chain becomes less resilient. Furthermore, from the result of the distinction between individual firm’s impact of unweighted and weighted aspect, we found some firm’s influence would be underestimated when one only consider the unweighted network properties. Our novel approach based on weight network analysis and agent based modeling would more capture the characteristics of electric vehicle industry and shed light on understanding systemic risks due to the individual firm’s disruption.

Embodying the safety of radioactive waste disposal requires the relevant safety criteria and the corresponding stylized methods to demonstrate its compliance with the criteria. This paper proposes a conceptual model of risk-based safety evaluation for integrating complex potential radiation exposure situations in radioactive waste disposal. For demonstrating compliance with a risk constraint, the approach deals with important exposure scenarios from the viewpoint of the receptor to estimate the resulting risk. For respective exposure situations, it considers the occurrence probabilities of the relevant exposure scenarios as their probability of giving rise to doses to estimate the total risk to a representative person by aggregating the respective risks. In this model, an exposure scenario is simply constructed with three components: radionuclide release, radionuclide migration and environment contamination, and interaction between the contaminated media and the receptor. A set of exposure scenarios and the representative person are established from reasonable combinations of the components, based on a balance of their occurrence probabilities and the consequences. In addition, the probability of an exposure scenario is estimated on the assumption that the initiating external factors influence release mechanisms and transport pathways, and its effect on the interaction between the environment and the receptor may be covered in terms of the representative person. This integrated approach enables a systematic risk assessment for complex exposure situations of radioactive waste disposal and facilitates the evaluation of compliance with risk constraints.

This paper describes fault diagnosis method in complex system with hierachical structure similar to human body structure. Complex system is divided into unit, item and component. For diagnosing this hierarchical complex system, it is necessary to implement special neural network. Fault diagnosis system can forecast faults in a system and decide from current machine state signal information. Comparing with other diagnosis system for single fault, the developed system deals with multiple fault diagnosis comprising Hierarchical Neural Network(HNN). HNN consists of four level neural network, first level for item fault symptom classification, second level for item fault diagnosis, third level for component symptom classification, forth level for component fault diagnosis. UNIX IPC(Inter Process Communication) is used for implementing HNN wiht multitasking and message transfer between processes in SUN workstation with X-Windows(Motif). We tested HNN at four units, seven items per unit, seven components per item in a complex system. Each one neural newtork operate as a separate process in HNN. The message queue take charge of information exdhange and cooperation between each neural network.

In recent years, the visual characteristics of natural open space and greenbelt surrounding the urban landscapes have been changed with sprawling of residential areas and highrised residential buildings. Since these natural areas being the background element of residential areas are topographically sloped mountains in many cities. It is easy to be seen in the distance and it is important to preserve these areas as a visual infrastructure of the urban landscape. The purposes of this study are to extract the factors of landscape impact evaluation for these areas and to clarify the physical landscape variables representing these factors, and to infer the visual-perceptional relationships between image and landscape variables. As results, conceptional three factors were extracted with semantic differential evaluation to classified 18 landscape slide, and three regression models were established with factor score of landscapes and physical variables measured in photographs. On the basis of these relationships, visual-perceptional characteristics were discussed by analyzing the data form eye-movement recording to each of landscapes. The factors of "spatial unfolding of backdropped hilly greenspace", "horizontal quence of residential buildings", and "landscape complexity" prove to be important. And it prove important variables of "skyline of mountainous ridge" and "visual edge of building structure" in regression models and eye fixation movements.

본 연구는 최근 국제질병분류(ICD-11)에서 독립된 진단 범주로 분리된 복합 PTSD의 증상과 치료에 대하여 기존의 이론과 경험적 연구를 탐색하고 개관하고자 하였다. 복합 PTSD의 증상은 정서조절 장애, 자기 완결성의 상실, 대인 관계 능력의 장애 등 크게 세 가지로 나누어 설명할 수 있으며, 이에는 우울, 불안, 극단적 정서, 수면 장애, 악몽, 해리, 자해 및 자살 충동, 신체화 장애, 대인 관계 문제 등 다양한 증상이 포함된다. 복합 PTSD 내담자는 복합 외상 경험을 다루는 것이 고통스럽고, 자기와 타인에 대한 표상이 부정적이기 때문에 상담 과정에서 라포 형성과 치료의 지속이 어려울 수 있다. 그러므로 내담자에게 안전감을 제공할 수 있도록 단계에 기반한 치료를 제공하는 것이 필요하며, 복합 PTSD 치료를 위한 단계는 (1) 안정화, (2) 외상 기억의 처리, (3) 치료 이득의 통합으로 구성된다. 각 단계별 치료의 내용과 경험적 연구의 내용을 개관하여 제시하였으며, 향후 복합 PTSD 치료의 적용 및 개발을 위한 논의를 제시하였다.

The purpose of this study is to explore and review the existing theories and empirical studies on the symptoms and treatment of complex PTSD separated into independent diagnostic categories in the recent International Classification of Diseases(ICD-11). Symptoms of complex PTSD can be explained in three categories: emotional control disorders, loss of self-integrity, and impairment of interpersonal skills. And it includes various symptoms such as depression, anxiety, extreme emotions, sleep disorders, nightmares, dissociation, self-harm and suicidal thoughts, somatization disorders, and interpersonal problems. Complex PTSD clients may find it difficult to form rapport and continue psychotherapy because processing traumatic experience is painful and representations of themselves and others are negative. Therefore, it is necessary to provide phase-based treatment to provide the client with a sense of safety. The phases for complex PTSD treatment consists of (1) stabilization, (2) process of traumatic memory, and (3) integration of treatment benefits. The contents of each phase of treatment and empirical researches were outlined and discussed for the future application and development of complex PTSD treatment.

최근 학습자 중심의 창의설계교육에 대한 관심과 요구가 급속히 높아지고 있으나 대부분의 대학에서는 아직 이를 위한 교과과정 및 창의설계실 등을 충실히 갖추고 있지 못하다. 본 논문에서는 공학교육에서 큰 관심을 모으고 있는 창의설계교육을 위한 설계중심의 교과과정 및 이를 수행하기 위한 종합설계실 구축 방안을 제시한다. 전자공학전공을 중심으로 기존 교과과정을 분석하고 이를 바탕으로 입문설계와 요소설계를 거쳐 종합설계로 이어지는 설계중심의 공학교육을 효과적으로 수행할 수 있는 새로운 교과과정 구성과 이 교과과정을 바탕으로 실무능력을 배양하기에 적합한 종합설계실의 구축 방안을 제시한다.

Recently a demand for student-centered creative design education is rapidly growing, but well organized design curriculum and design practice complex are not established properly in most universities. In this paper, we present a scheme for design-centered engineering curriculum and a method to build a design practice complex for creative design education which it is currently attracting a lot of interest in engineering education. Based on the analysis of the conventional curriculum of electronic engineering, a new curriculum and a design practice complex that is suitable for enhancement of professional practice capability and by which an effective engineering education through introductory design, element design and advanced design steps can be performed is described.

산업단지 내 입주기업들의 제조공정에서는 미세먼지 생성 원인물질인 질산화물(NOx), 황산화물(SOx), 휘발성 유기화합물(VOCs) 등이 다양한 형태로 배출되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 효과적인 산업단지 미세먼지 저감을 위해 산재해 있는 공공데이터를 활용하여 산업단지별 특성을 분석하고 미세먼지 감축 기술과 매칭하여 미세먼지를 감축할 수 있는 최적화 감축 방안을 제시하였다. 데이터를 기반으로 한산업단지 별 맞춤형 기술 및 설비 적용은 미세먼지 전구물질을 공정에서 사전에 감축함으로써 산업단지 미세먼지 뿐만 아니라 제조업 미세먼지 감축을 위한 효과적인 대안이 될 것이다.

Manufacturing processes in industrial complexes produce NOx, SOx, VOCs, which cause particulate matter (PM). Therefore, this study analyzed the characteristics of each industrial complex by using scattered public data, matched the existing particulate matter(PM) reduction technology, and proposed an optimized reduction plan. The application of matching technologies and facilities by industrial complexes based on data is able to mitigate NOx, SOx, and VOCs which cause particulate matter in the process in advance. This way can be an effective alternative in order to reduce PM in the manufacturing processes as well as industrial complexes.

이 논문은 AI시대 급변하는 전쟁 양상에 효과적으로 대응하고 전쟁에서 승리하기 위한 한 국군 군사혁신 방향을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 상호연결성, 창발성 등에 주목한 복합체계론의 이론적 논의와 미래 전쟁 양상 의 변화를 분석하여, 기술과 전력체계 융합, 시ㆍ공간 융합, 전략ㆍ전술 융합, 제 작전 요소 융합이라는 군사혁신 방향을 제시하고, 러시아-우크라이나 전쟁 사례 분석을 통해 그 타당 성을 검증하였다. 본 연구는 복합체계론과 융합적 접근 방법론을 군사혁신 연구에 적용함으로써 새로운 이 론적 틀과 확장성을 제공하였다. 한국군은 융합적 군사혁신 방향을 깊이 숙고하고, 복잡하고 다변하는 전쟁양상 속에서 능동적으로 대응하여 AI 시대 정예 강군으로 거듭날 수 있을 것 으로 기대한다.

This study aims to explore the direction of RMA for the South Korean armed forces to effectively respond to the rapidly changing nature of warfare in the AI era and ultimately secure victory in future conflicts. To achieve this, it draws upon complex systems theory—focusing on key concepts such as interconnectedness and emergence—and analyzes the transformation of future warfare. Based on this analysis, it proposes four major directions for RMA: convergence of technology and force structure, convergence of space and time, convergence of strategy and tactics, and convergence across operational elements. The validity of these proposed directions is then examined through a case analysis of the Russia–Ukraine war. By applying complex systems theory and a convergent methodological approach to the study of RMA, this research provides a new theoretical framework and broadens the academic scope. It is expected that the South Korean military, by deeply reflecting on these convergent approaches to RMA, will be able to proactively adapt to the complex and evolving character of warfare and emerge as a highly capable and advanced force in the AI era.

일제강점기에서 비롯한 일본군 위안부 피해자 및 강제동원문제, 후쿠시마 방사능 오염수 방 류, 독도, 한일대륙붕공동개발협정 등 한일관계에 있어 국제소송의 필연성과 한일간 국제소송전 (戰)에 대한 정확한 이해를 통해 한일관계의 현상유지와 현상타파 가운데 어느 선택이 국익에 부합하는지에 대한 판단이 필요한 시점이다. 이러한 한일간에 상존하는 다양한 현안의 국제소송 의 가능성을 놓고 보면 한국은 제소국의 지위에 있기도 하고, 응소국의 지위에 있기도 하다. 어떠한 지위에서 국제소송이라는 수단을 선택하는지는 한일관계의 현상유지와 현상타파 가운 데 어느 선택이 국익에 부합하는지에 대한 한일 양국의 판단 여부에 달려 있다. 주권국가간의 국제소송을 국제법상 다양한 분쟁해결수단의 방법 가운데 하나로서만 평가하기에 부담스러운 부분이다. 막연한 국제소송에 대한 신뢰가 국가이익 보호의 최후의 수단으로 기능하게 되려면 그 순기능과 역기능에 대한 정확한 손익계산 이후에 행해져야 한다.

The term international litigation has never been so frequently mentioned in the media as today in Korea’s modern history. International litigation which been regarded as dispute resolution for foreign countries is being suggested as alternative solution for solving various pending Korea and Japan disputes. The conflicting stance of Korea and Japan over the issues of comfort women and forced labor from the Japanese annexation still remains at a standstill. In addition, sovereignty over Dokdo, Fukushima radioactive contaminated water discharge, and the anticipated future legal disputes following the expiration of Korea-Japan Agreement concerning Joint Development of the Continental Shelf, we have reached a stage where it is necessary to foretell an international litigation warfare between Korean and Japan. In terms of the possibility of international litigation on various pending issues between Korea and Japan, Korea is both a complainant state and a respondent state. there are a few considerations to note in this regard. In the era of inevitable international litigation warfare between Korea and Japan, an accurate assessment of international litigation is now an essential requirement for stable management of Korea-Japan relations.

Events are crammed with numerous basic elements in today’s management and manufacturing system. Especially, for a large-scale system, there are thousands of independent messages (events) happening every second. How to integrate the information and how to deal with such massive events are faced by most of the system. Event monitoring and processing has been posed in manufacturing corporations to tackle this challenge. However, well-prepared methodology and processing are lack for this challenge. In this article, we propose an extensible event-driven manufacturing platform for handling those massive events. First, holistic architecture of the platform is depicted. Next, the principle of primitive and complex event is detailed. Eventually, Complex Event Processing (CEP) approach is applied to the platform.

Events are crammed with numerous basic elements in today’s management and manufacturing system. Especially, for a large-scale system, there are thousands of independent messages (events) happening every second. How to integrate the information and how to deal with such massive events are faced by most of the system. Event monitoring and processing has been posed in manufacturing corporations to tackle this challenge. However, well-prepared methodology and processing are lack for this challenge. In this article, we propose an extensible event-driven manufacturing platform for handling those massive events. First, holistic architecture of the platform is depicted. Next, the principle of primitive and complex event is detailed. Eventually, Complex Event Processing (CEP) approach is applied to the platform.

Overlay text in video carries important semantic clues for video information retrieval and summarization. In this paper, we propose a robust method that is able to accurately locate text lines and extract text even in complex video scene. In the text localization stage, this paper adopts the method based on corner point. First, corner detection is used to extract corners as text features from video frames. Then multi-layer filtering mechanism (MLFM) is used to locate the text lines, which consists of corners clustering, corners horizontal projection, background filtering and heuristic rules. This MLFM can effectively remove the isolated corners, locate the text lines accurately and remove the background or pseudo text lines automatically. In the text extraction stage, this paper proposed a twice binarization method that combines with polarity judgment on image. The polarity judgment was used as a guide to adjust the first binarization threshold when we perform the first binarization. After the first binarization, a main proportion of the image has been processed, and the rest will be processed by the second binarization. Experimental results show that this approach can fast and robustly locate text lines and extract text in video even under complex background.

Recognition of single object in Natural Images usually shows low accuracy and low comprehension ability due to the complexity of the scenes. In contrast, human vision boasts extraordinary perceptive ability, which motives our study on simulation of human visual information pathways. By mimicking the layering processing mechanism, we designed a computing model and method for image perception with the functional features of biological vision. This model can perceive single object against complex background with the accuracy above 90%, as proven in experiments based on the testing sample from the database “caltech101”.

It is generally assumed within the tradition of Construction Grammar that the oblique grammatical function for the English caused-motion construction directly corresponds to a prepositional phrase (PP), such as in the jar in put the spoons in the jar. Opposed to the assumption, this paper argues that the oblique function actually narrowly corresponds to the noun phrase (NP) complement of the head preposition. On the other hand, the transitive preposition is an integral part of the predicate that it forms with a lexical verb, what we shall term a complex predicate. It is thus in phrasal syntax that the preposition, together with the oblique NP, forms or corresponds to the PP. This argument is supported by the class of phrasal verb constructions with so-called unpredicated particles, such as off in wipe off the table and wipe the table off (≠*The table is off). The paper also advances an alternative analysis of the construction with theoretical advantages.

Questioning the syntactic assumptions of Island Effects on movement operations, this paper investigates, through an acceptability judgment experiment of Korean native speakers, whether wh-in-situ questions in Korean show Complex NP Islands Effects and if so, what causes them. The results of the experiment indicate that the acceptability of wh-in-situ questions with a CNPC violation in Korean shows a wide range of variation and that factors such as distance and referential specificity affect their acceptability. Given that these results cannot be adequately explained by the purely syntactic approach to islands and that similar facts have been taken as the evidence for the processing nature of island effects in overt wh-movement languages, we interpret them as showing the processing nature of CNP Island Effects of wh-in-situ questions in Korean. As for the claim that wh-in-situ questions in Korean do not show CNP Island Effects unlike overt wh-movement questions, commonly made and accepted in the syntactic literature, we suggest that the difference in Island Effects can arise from the differences in the processing costs of overt wh-movement questions and wh-in-situ questions.