Earticle

Recently, the demand of wire quality improvement has been increasing due to the development of the textile market, and the demand for round type flat wire having superior performance compared to the existing reed wire is also increasing greatly. The round wire requires equal spacing and precise alignment of the wire at reed knitting. So, there is a need for a method for measuring the flatness of Reed in real time. In this paper, it is shown how the contact and non - contact methods for the flatness of Reed used in a power loom are easy to measure in real - time process. The contact-type method provides excellent measurement accuracy and precision because it directly touches the object. The non-contact type does not touch the object, so it does not scratch the surface, and the result can be obtained faster than the contact type. Contact type measuring device was used as contact type and laser displacement sensor was used as non - contact type. It was confirmed that the measurement method using the laser displacement sensor (non-contact type) is suitable for the real time process.

최근 외래관광객의 품질 향상을 위한 관광수용태세 개선에 대한 필요성과 관심이 증대되고 있으나 관련 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 외래관광객의 관광수용태세와 관련 우선적 개선 요소를 규명하고자 하였으며, 이를 위해 R-IPA분석을 적용하여 관광객 유형 및 시기에 따른 관광수용태세의 개선요소를 분석, 비교하였다. 전체관광객을 대상으로 한 R-IPA분석결과 현재의 품질수준을 유지할 필요가 있는 요소는 음식, 치안, 대중교통, 쇼핑, 관광지 매력도였다. 그리고 우선도는 낮으나 개선이 필요한 요소는 언어소통, 여행경비, 관광안내서비스였다. 관광객 유형별로 R-IPA분석을 한 결과 개별관광객은 대중교통, 음식, 쇼핑, 관광지 매력도, 치안에 대해서 현재 품질수준의 유지가 필요하며, 단체관광객은 숙박, 쇼핑, 관광지 매력, 관광안내서비스는 현재 품질수준의 유지가 필요하지만 음식은 시급히 개선이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

Recently, the necessity and interest to improve the tourism preparedness for enhancing the quality of foreign tourists is increasing, but the related research is insufficient. The purpose of this study is to identify the preferential improvement elements related to the tourism preparedness of foreign tourists. To do this, we applied the R-IPA analysis to analyze and compare the elements affecting the tourist preparedness according to tourist type and time period. As a result of R-IPA analysis for all tourists, the elements that need to maintain the current quality levels were food, security, transit, shopping, and tourist attractiveness and the elements that need to be improved but low priority were language communication, travel expenses, and tourist information service. As a result of R-IPA analysis by tourist type, for individual tourists it is necessary to maintain current quality levels of transit, food, shopping, tourist attractiveness, and security. For group tourists, it is necessary to maintain current quality levels of accommodation, shopping, tourist attractiveness, and tourist information service, but food needs to be urgent improvement.

시간이 언어구조로 형식화될 때는 다시 시제, 상, 양상으로 표현이 된다. 시제와 상은 모두시간과 관계를 갖고 있지만 상은 공간적인 개념이다. 시제가 시간선 상의 외적 구성인 시간의위치를 나타낸다면 상은 내적 구성인 동사의 동작이 어떻게 펼쳐지는가를 보여준다. 본고에서분석한 ‘了’, ‘过’는 ‘시간’과 밀접한 관련이 있는 조사로 사용되고 있기에 이들이 중국어의 시제, 상, 양상과 어떤 관계가 있고, 그리고 한국어와는 어떤 대응관계를 갖고 있는지를 그 의미와 관련 통사구조를 통하여 면밀히 분석해나갈 필요가 있다고 생각하여 고찰을 하게 되었다. 중국어 시간부사는 과거, 현재, 미래를 나타낼 수 있다. 본고는 대조분석과 Chomsky(1986)의지배․결속이론(Government and Binding Theory) 그리고 장벽이론(Barriers)에 근거하여조사 ‘了’, ‘過’와 과거를 나타내는 시간부사 ‘已經’, ‘曾經’ 사이의 공기 관계 속에서 여러 구조중 ‘了’, ‘过’ 의미소를 중한 대조분석하였다. 연구의 결과가 중국어 교수법 연구에 반영되면보다 좋은 교육효과를 거둘 수 있을 것이다.

In this paper, through the study of modern Chinese function words ‘Le’, ‘Guo’ structure, analysis of the Le’, ‘Guo’ and ‘Yijing’, ‘Cengjing’ between the various structures in the Le’, ‘Guo’ words and their time between different relations, namely the structure and the effects of tense Le’, ‘Guo’ aspect, the relationship between, at the same time the Le’, ‘Guo’ and comparative analysis, through the analysis found that the Korean language is different from the concept of time. This may also explain the thinking system.

Objective To determine the abnormal pulmonary function value in Korean Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients, we performed a comparative analysis of the patients’ pulmonary function value expressed as % of the overseas reference data and Korean healthy children and adolescent reference data.Methods We performed pulmonary function test (PFT) in a total of 27 DMD patients. We compared the patients’ FVC% and FEV1% of the overseas reference data with those of the Korean children and adolescent reference data. Also, we compared the patients’ MIP% and MEP% of the prediction equation data with those of the Korean children and adolescent reference data. Results Age of the subjects ranged from 8 to 16 years (12.03±2.27 years). The mean maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and peak cough flow (PCF) were 36.93±9.5 cmH2O, 45.79±17.46 cmH2O, 1.4±0.43 L, 1.45±0.45 L, 1.40±0.41 L, and 206.25±61.21 L/min, respectively. The MIP%, MEP%, and FVC% of the Korean children and adolescent reference data showed statistically significant higher values than those of the prediction equation data.Conclusion We observed a clear numeric difference between Korean DMD patients’ pulmonary function value expressed as % of the overseas data and inland data. To perform a precise assessment of respiratory function and to determine appropriate respiratory therapy, pulmonary function values of Korean DMD patients should be interpreted taking into account the inland normal pulmonary function test data.

Purpose: Inpatient and residential smoking cessation programs in Korea have demonstrated relatively high quit rates, with residential programs consistently outperforming inpatient ones. However, simple comparisons are limited by differences in participant characteristics and eligibility criteria. This study aimed to determine whether program type independently influences quit rates, using both self-reported and biochemically verified outcomes.Methods: This descriptive study conducted a secondary analysis of data from 17,290 participants enrolled in national smoking cessation services across 18 regional tobacco control centers (2018-2020). Data included demographics, smoking history, and program participation. Quit status at 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months was assessed through self-report and biochemical verification. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the independent effect of program type on 6-month quit outcomes.Results: The mean age of participants was 54.8 ± 12.0 years, and 14.5% were women. At 6 months, self-reported quit rates ranged from 16.5% to 34.1% for the inpatient program and from 26.0% to 62.8% for the residential program. Biochemically verified rates ranged from 8.6% to 19.0% (inpatient) and 11.9% to 46.7% (residential). After adjusting for confounders, program type was significantly associated with self-reported quitting (aOR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.72-0.89; p < .001), but not with biochemically verified quitting (aOR = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.82-1.01; p = .082).Conclusion: Although residential programs showed higher self-reported quit rates, program type did not predict verified cessation. This suggests differences in participant characteristics may drive outcomes. Further research should identify effective, evidence-based components for sustained quitting.

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and lifestyle habits of cardiovascular disease (CVD) according to the type of disability in Korean adults compared to adults without disability. Methods: This study was secondary data analysis using the National Health check-up database from 2010 to 2013. Among the total 395,627 adults aged 30~80, the physically disabled (n=21,614) and the mentally disabled (n=1,448) who met the diagnosis criteria were extracted and compared with non-disabled (n=372,565) through 1:2 propensity score matching for nine characteristics. Results: Prior to matching, the prevalence of CVD was 34.4% in individuals without disabilities, accounting for 53.8% in those with physical disabilities and 22.4% in those with mental disabilities, showing significant differences between groups (p<.001). After matching, compared to the individuals without disability, those with physically disabled had significantly higher prevalence of CVD and the average number of CVD (p<.001). The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and vascular disease was significantly higher in the physically disabled (p<.05). Drinking was significantly higher in the non-disabled than in the physically and mentally disabled, and smoking was more in the non-disabled than in the mentally disabled. Physical activity was found to be significantly less in both the physically and mentally disabled than in the non-disabled (p<.01). Conclusion: It is necessary to confirm the differences in the prevalence of CVD risk factors and lifestyle according to the type of disability, suggesting the development and verification of health promotion programs including physical activity for CVD prevention in the disabled with CVD risk factors.

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목적: Meibometer®와 Sebumeter®를 이용한 두피 피지 함유량 시험분석 비교 결과를 통해, Meibometer®를 활용한 두피 피지 함유 량 측정 평가가 유용한 분석 기법임을 제안하고자 한다. 방법: 본 연구는 Meibometer®및 Sebumeter® 정량적 측정 수단을 사용하여 시험자원자의 두피 부위 피지 함유량을 측정하였고, 측정결과에 대해 paired t-test 분석 및 Pearson의 상관계수 분석을 실시하였 다. 결과: Meibometer®와 Sebumeter® 이용하여 두피 피지 함유량을 분석한 결과 , 두 측정기기 모두 시험제품 도포 전과 비교하여 두피 피지 함유량이 모두 감소됨을 알 수 있었다(p<0.001). Meibometer®와 Sebumeter® 두 측정값은 2회차 측정에서 유의한 수준의 양의 상관관계(r=0.411)를 나타났다. 결론: 이상의 결과를 통하여 Meibometer®와 Sebumeter®의 측정 결과는 모두 상관성이 높고 측정에 적합하나 인접한 모발의 피지 간섭을 줄이고 두피 만을 대상으로 피지 함유량을 정량적으로 평가하기에는 Meibometer®가 상대적으로 유용한 시험분석 기법이 될 수 있음을 제안하며, 향후 Meibometer®를 활용한 시험분석 및 연구가 활발히 이루어지기를 기대하는 바이다.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to show that Meibometer® is a useful analysis technique for the measurement and evaluation of the sebum content on the scalp by comparing the test analysis results of the scalp sebum content using Meibometer® and Sebumeter®. Methods: In this study, Meibometer® and Sebumeter® were used for quantitative measurements of the sebum content on the scalp of the test volunteers, and the measurement results were analyzed using the paired t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: The scalp sebum content was analyzed using Meibometer® and Sebumeter®, and according to the results, both measuring devices exhibited a reduction in the scalp sebum content, compared to before the testing product was applied (p <0.001). The Meibometer® and Sebumeter® measurements showed a significant positive correlation (r=0.411) in the second measurement. Conclusion: These results showed that the measuring results of both Meibometer® and Sebumeter® had a high correlation and they were appropriate for measurement. However, it is suggested that for reducing the interference of the adjacent hair with sebum and quantitatively evaluating the sebum content on the scalp only, Meibometer® can be a relatively useful analysis technique, and it is expected that further test analysis and studies using Meibometer® will be actively conducted in the future.

目的: 通过比较使用Meibometer®和Sebumeter®两种仪器对头皮皮脂含量的测试分析结果，表明Meibometer® 是一种有用的分析技术，可用于测量和评估头皮上的皮脂含量。方法: 本研究使用Meibometer®和Sebumeter® 对测试志愿者头皮上的皮脂含量进行定量测量，并使用配对t检验和Pearson相关系数对测量结果进行分析。结 果: 使用 Meibometer®和Sebumeter®分析头皮皮脂含量，根据结果，与使用测试产品前相比，两种测量设备 的头皮皮脂含量均有所降低(p <0.001）。Meibometer®和Sebumeter®测量结果在第二次测量中显示出显着的 正相关(r=0.411)。结论: 这些结果表明Meibometer®和Sebumeter®的测量结果具有高度相关性，适合测量。但 是，建议为了减少相邻头发对皮脂的干扰，仅定量评估头皮上的皮脂含量，Meibometer®可能是一种相对有用 的分析技术，预计使用Meibometer®进行进一步的测试分析和研究今后将积极开展。

Chest CT Enhanced CT검사를 시행하는 환자 영상에 TNC(True non-contrast) image(pre)와 Spectral data를 이용한 VNC(Virtual non-contrast) image를 비교분석하여 VNC가 기존의 TNC 정도의 Image quality를 보여주는 지, 혹은 나아가 VNC가 TNC를 대체할 수 있는지에 대한 기초자료를 제시하고자 한다. 2020년 10월부터 2021년 02월까지 응급의료센터에 내원하여 Chest Enhanced CT 처방으로 검사한 환자(무작위 30명)를 대상으로 후향적 영상 분석을 통해 정성적, 정량적 분석을 시행하였다. 조영제는 Bonorex 350을 사용하여 초당 2cc의 속도로 주입하였으며, 장치는 Philips IQon spectral CT를 사용하였다. 정량적 분석 방법으로는 흉부 영상에서 의의가 있는 Trachea, Bifurcation level Bronchus, Upper and lower lung field 등 4곳의 관심영역을 설정하였고, 동일한 ROI를 설정하 여 Hounsfield unit(HU)값을 비교하고 SD값을 비교하여 영상의 평가를 실시하였다. 실제 Data를 수집하여 분석한 결과 Chest Enhanced 영상에서 HU값과 SD값은 TNC 영상과 VNC영상의 수치가 상당 부분 유사한 결과 값이 도출되 었다. TNC image를 (A), VNC image를 (B)로 하여 (A) - (B) 결과값은 평균 HU값 5.12, SD값 4.40이 나왔으며 TNC와 VNC의 차가 거의 없음을 보여주었다. 표준편차 역시 HU 16.96, SD 11.48이 나와 수치상으로 상당히 유사한 값이 도출되었다. 실질적으로 ROI로 획득한 Data만 가지고 TNC image가 VNC image를 대체할 수 있다고 정리하는 것 보다 Chest 영역에서 TNC와 VNC를 비교하여 측정한 결과 값이 상당히 비슷한 수치를 나타내었다는 점에 의미를 두고 기초자료로 제시할 수 있을 것이다. 추후 추가적인 연구를 통해 판독에 있어서도 실제 두 영상의 화질분석 연구가 이어진다면 향후 VNC technique의 적용을 통해 환자의 피폭선량을 낮출 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

In this study, TNC images (pre) and VNC images (Virtual Non-Contrast) were compared in chest CT dilated CT images. VNC represents the quality of an existing TNC or VNC. From October 2020 to February 2021, a qualitative and quantitative study was conducted on patients (30 random patients) who underwent chest augmentation CT prescription. Bonorex 350 was used as a contrast agent and injected at a rate of 2cc per second. Philips IConspectral CT is used as a device. As a quantitative method, the four areas of interest in thoracic imaging were set to the same ROI, and the Hounsfield unit (HU) value was evaluated. As a result of the collection and analysis of actual data, HU and SD values were derived from chest dilated images as a result of significant similarity between TNC and VNC images. The results of TNC images (A), VNC images (B), (A)-(B) were 5.12, SD values 4.40, indicating little difference between TNC and VNC. Standard deviations for HU16.96 and SD11.48 were also derived. Instead of summarizing that TNC images can replace VNC images only with data obtained through ROI, the comparison results of TNC and VNC in the thoracic area show very similar values and can be presented as basic data. In the future, it is expected that VNC technology will be used to further reduce the exposure dose of patients.

Background/Objectives Deep learning which main technology in AI has high growth with being applied to field of speech recognition and Image classification. Especially, Deep learning technology in the field of Image classification is being applied as a core technology to Self-driving and crime prevention monitoring system that is recently emerging as the future industry. Methods/Statistical analysis: Various algorithm which is improved and developed CNN being able to do image process is suggested as Deep learning model in image recognition field. In this paper, we introduce various object detection algorithm including CNN. And explore most representative algorithms just R-CNN, Fast R-CNN, Faster R-CNN and difference between versions of YOLO devised to detect and track in real time. Findings: This paper evaluates deep learning algorithm’s performance by comparative analysis about mAP (mean average precision) and FPS (frames per second). In result of performance evaluation, YOLO algorithm is confirmed as that It shows excellent result in speed that detects and recognizes object and accuracy in real time system environment. Finally, we search cases in field of autonomous driving and access control system and home anti-crime system. Improvements/Applications: In this research, we can understand object detection algorithm among speech recognition technologies and proper field in each algorithm, apply security service based on image, recommend proper algorithm in various environment just like autonomous driving and security work, etc.

Electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source is an essential component of heavy-ion accelerator. For a given design, the intensities of the highly charged ion beams extracted from the source can be increased by enlarging the physical volume of ECR zone [1]. Several models for ECR ion source were and will be constructed depending on their operating conditions [2-4]. In this paper three simulation models with 3, 4 and 6 solenoid system were built, but it’s not considered anything else except the number of coils. Two groups of optimization analysis are presented, and the evolution strategy (ES) is adopted as an optimization tool which is a technique based on the ideas of mutation, adaptation and annealing [5]. In this research, the volume of ECR zone was calculated approximately, and optimized designs for ECR solenoid magnet system were presented. Firstly it is better to make the volume of ECR zone large to increase the intensity of ion beam under the specific confinement field conditions. At the same time the total volume of superconducting solenoids must be decreased to save material. By considering the volume of ECR zone and the total length of solenoids in each model with different number of coils, the 6 solenoid system represented the highest coil performance. By the way, a certain case, ECR zone volume itself can be essential than the cost. So the maximum ECR zone volume for each solenoid magnet system was calculated respectively with the same size of the plasma chamber and the total magnet space. By comparing the volume of ECR zone, the 6 solenoid system can be also made with the maximum ECR zone volume.

This study was carried out to investigate amino acid contents of golden mushroom and pink mushroom. The amino acid analysis was followed by AccQ-Tag method and HPLC on gradient conditions. Seventeen amino acids were analyzed and sixteen amino acids were found in golden mushroom ; fifteen amino acids in pink mushroom respectively. Among total amino acid in golden mushroom, cystein content was the highest and glycine, glutamic acid, proline were followed. Among total amino acid in pink mushroom, cystein was the highest and glycine, lysine, methionine were followed. As shown in Fig.1, 2, concerning amino acids, cystein was dominant. and alanine was detected in golden mushroom and Pleurotus ostreatus sold in market but pink mushroom. Phenylalanine was detected in Pleurotus ostreatus sold in market but that was not detected in golden mushroom and pink mushroom.

모바일 인터넷의 급속한 발전과 더불어 컴퓨터 게임의 단말이 PC에서 모바일로 점차 바뀌고 아울러 모바일 게임은 많은 사람들이 여가 시간에 삶의 즐거움을 향유하는 절호의 선택이 되고 있다. 최근, 다양한 타입의 모바일 게임 가운데 FPS 타입의 게임 사용자가 큰 폭으로 증가되고 있다. 본문은 도날드 노먼 (Donald Norman)의 《Emotional Design》에 기초하여 중국에서 가장 인기 있는 FPS 게임인 《Game for peace》과 한국에서 가장 인기 있는 FPS 게임인 《배틀그라운드》의 인터랙션 디자인을 비교하면서 이 두 게임의 공통점과 차이점을 분석하고 이를 근거로 감정 인터랙션 디자인의 삼차원 이론을 총결산하였다. 삼차원 이론은 본능층과 행동층, 사고층으로 나뉘며 각각 인터렉티브 인터페이스, 인터랙티브 행동, 인터랙티브 체험이 이 두 게임에서의 감정적인 표현이다. 또한 이 이론은 모바일 게임을 비롯한 정보화 산업의 인터랙션 디자인에 조언을 제공한다.

The rapid development of the mobile internet has gradually changed the carrier of electronic games from PC to mobile. mobile games have become an excellent choice for many people to spend their spare time and enjoy life. Among many types of mobile games, Number of users of FPS games has increased rapidly in recent years. Based on the 《Emotional Design》proposed by Donald Norman, this article compares the interaction design of China's most popular FPS game《Game for peace》 and Korea's most popular FPS game 《PUBG》, and analyzes their similarities and differences, and then use that as a basis to summarize the three levels of emotional design-Visceral level, Behavior level, and Reflection level, which is the user interface, interaction mode, and interaction experience in interaction design Emotional expression on the two games. This theory provides suggestions for interactive design in the information industry such as mobile games.

1982년 9월, 중국은 1951년 난민협약(Refugees Convention)과 1967년 난민지위에 관한 의정서(Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees)를 비준한 바 있다. 하지만 지금까지 중국은 탈북자들을 ‘경제적 이주자(economic migrant)’로 간주하여 그들의 난민으로서 지위를 인정하지 않고, 북한으로 강제송환하고 있는 실정이다. 중국은 1988년 10월 고문방지협약(Convention against Torture)도 비준한 바 있다. 따라서 중국은 고문방지협약의 당사자국으로서 제3조 제1항(“어떠한 당사국도 고문받을 위험이 있다고 믿을 만한 상당한 근거가 있는 다른 나라로 개인을 추방․송환 또는 인도하여서는 아니된다”)에 따라 고문이 예상(북한 형법 제63조 ‘국가반역죄’ 및 제221조 ‘비법국경출입죄’ 등에 따라 처벌)되는 북한이탈주민에게 강제송환금지원칙을 적용해야 함에도 불구하고, 그들을 강제북송하고 있다. 이러한 중국의 태도로 인해 국제사회는 국제인권협약 위반이며, 북한이탈주민을 보호해야 한다고 주장하지만 중국은 이를 인정하지 않고 있다. ① 태국처럼 국제법이나 조약을 근거로 이를 준수하라고 압박하기에는 중국은 미얀마나 인도네시아 난민을 수용한 경험이 있고, ② 북한이탈주민에 대해 강제송환금지원칙을 적용하고 있는 태국의 경우 최근에 위구르족을 중국으로 강제송환하고 있어, 중국만이 인권유린을 하고 있다고 비난할 수도 없는 상황이다. 또한, 태국이 강제송환금지원칙을 준수 할 수 있는 이유는, 태국 입장에서 한국과의 관계가 북한과의 관계보다 더 중요하며, 자국의 안보와도 배치되지 않기 때문이다. 따라서, 태국은 경제적·정치적 협력을 바탕으로 북한이탈주민을 한국에 인도하는 것이다. 만약 위구르족의 사안처럼 북한이 아닌 중국이 직접 북한이탈주민문제에 개입하고 압력을 넣었다면, 태국은 자국의 안보와 생존을 위해 북한이탈주민을 수용하지 않고 강제북송 했을 것이다. 중국은 2001년 12월 WTO에 가입하여 세계의 시장경제질서에 편입한 이후 G2로 부상했으며, 시진핑 체제에서 ‘대국굴기(大國崛起)’ 노선을 강하게 추진하고 있어 패권국가인 미국과는 남중국해 문제, 북한인권문제 등으로 강경하게 대응하고 있다. 한미군사훈련도 한반도 긴장을 조성하여 한국에 사드(THADD)를 배치하려는 의도로 파악하고 있다. 중국이 북한이탈주민을 수용할 경우, 중국 국내적으로는 특정 소수민족(조선민족)의 규모의 확장으로 인해 정치적으로나 경제적으로 내부적 통치가 어려워 질 수 있는 문제가 발생한다. 북한이탈주민의 수용은 대량북한이탈을 촉진시킬 수 있고, 이는 중국에게 경제적 폭탄이 될 것이다. 나아가 북한 체제의 붕괴로 인해 미국이 이를 계기로 중국 본토와 영토적 경계에서 군사적으로나 정치적으로 대치할 수 있다는 위험이 있다. 이러한 이유로 중국은 자국의 정치, 경제적 안정을 위해 국제조약을 위반하고, 이에 대한 전세계적인 비난을 감수하면서도 북한이탈주민 강제북송정책을 지속하고 있는 것으로 보인다.

China ratified the United Nations Convention on the Status of Refugees(1951) and its amending Protocol(1967) in September 1982. However Chinese authorities have considered North Korean refugees as “economic migrant” until now, so forcibly repatriated to North Korea. But Thai authorities send defectors to South Korea in cooperation with South Korean authorities and Chinese authorities. The first reason that Thailand can obey the principle of non-refoulement is, that the relations between South Korea and Thailand is more beneficial than those between North Korea and Thailand. The second reason is, that it does not run counter to Thailand own security. If China intrudes on matters about North Korean defectors like case of Uighurs, Thailand will forcibly repatriate them for its own security and survival. In case of China’s accepting North Korean defectors, the problem ― the internal control of specific ethnic race, Chosun race, becomes difficult for Chinese authorities ― comes up. Besides accepting of defectors can promote large exodus and it will be economic bomb to China. Furthermore, it can be danger to confront militarily and politically on the border of USA and China. For the reason, although China’s trade volume with South Korea is 4th largest, China does not reflect the position of South Korea about North Korean defectors using the economic dominance according to South Korean export-oriented economic policy. Eventually, China violates treaties and international laws and submits to all criticism for its own political and economic stability.

Background/Objectives: This study was designed to compare the Varimax analysis of Principal Component Analysis(PCA) with the Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA) method using Maximum Likelihood Estimation(MLE) and oblique rotation(Direct Oblimin) for the multicultural experience of university students. multicultural experience variables of college students were analyzed as two factors through Maximum Likelihood Estimation(MLE). Methods/Statistical analysis Q1, Q2, Q3 are multicultural direct experiences, and Q4, Q5, Q6, Q7 are multicultural indirect experiences. Findings: As a result of this study, it is suggested to use Maximum Likelihood Estimation(MLE) and oblique rotation(Direct Oblimin). As a prerequisite for applying the Maximum Likelihood Estimation(MLE), it is thought that Improvements/Applications it is necessary to increase the accuracy of the response rate by using the face-toface interview method when conducting a survey.