Earticle

The issue of using information system to ensure competitive power in the market is rising. The outsourcing methods that entrust activities of information system of companies to other expert agencies are increasing as the enterprises make a lot of efforts to put their resources to their heart of business in the process of adopting information system. Recently, ASP (Application Service Provider) as new information technology outsourcing method appears due to development of network technology and spreading of peculating software. ASP defines as a software leasing service which is supplied through networks instead of purchasing application software with high price. For successful implementation of ASP, it is necessary to develop a certification program to ensure safety and reliability of ASP. This paper provides the safe and reliable certification program for ASP. In order to develop it, the critical issues related to service quality and certification of ASP are identified and then evaluation methodology for ASP certification program is proposed. This paper presents application certification as the part of ASP certification program.

Countries around the world are aiming to reduce carbon footprint to halt climate change. The building sector being responsible for carbon emissions, green building certification programs establish the current standards in order to construct green buildings, and such programs gradually are regularly updated to have standard levels increased. The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) program is widely used in over 150 countries in the world, including Canada. With standards higher than LEED, programs such as the Living Building Challenge (LBC) program, targets net-zero waste, water and energy. This paper outlines the current state of green buildings in Canada and the limiting factors of these buildings to reach standards of net-zero waste, water and energy, such as described by the Living Building Challenge program. Firstly, the paper describes Canada’s current green building standards by analyzing data of LEED certified buildings provided by the Canada Green Building Council. Second, a thorough analysis of the scorecards of the Platinum level buildings will be analyzed to identify the limiting factors of these buildings to achieve net-zero standards. Results indicate that the major limiting factor for each category is Water is Innovation and Technology, for Energy is to Optimize Energy Performance, and for Waste is Building Reuse.

본 논문은 정부재정보고의 질은 정부회계담당자, 정부회계감사인의 전문성 강화를 통해 이루어질수 있다는 가정하에 전문성을 강화하기 위한 방안을 제안하였다, 방안은 정부회계담당자와 정부회계감사인을 대상으로 크게 제도적인 측면과 교육적인 측면으로 구분하여 제안되었다. 제도개선은 다시 단기와 장기로 나누어 고찰하였다. 정부회계담당자의 전문성 강화를 위한 제도개선방안에서는 단기적으로는 정부회계직의 특성을 고려한 인사와 다양한 교육기회 제공방안이 제안되었고, 장기적으로는 공무원채용시험에 정부회계과목의 포함, 정부회계직을 기능직으로 전환, 정부회계자격증제도 마련, 정부회계담당자들의 협의기구 설치, 정부회계에 쉽게 접근할 수 있는 환경 제공, 정부회계의 개념적 틀 제정이 제안되었다. 교육방안에서는 정부회계교육의 범위를 확대할 것과 체계적 계속교육을 제안하였다. 정부감사인의 전문성 강화를 위한 제도개선방안에서는 단기적으로 적정 감사보수의 설정, 경쟁개념을 도입한 감사수임제도 채택, 품질관리의 강화를 제안하였고, 장기적으로는 정부감사기준의 제정, 공인회계사시험에 정부회계과목 포함, 정보 교환 센터 마련, 정부감사전문가 인증제도 등을 제안하였다. 교육방안에서는 정부회계교육의 범위를 확대할 것과 계속교육의 강화를 제안하였다.

This paper recommended policy to improve the quality of governmental financial reporting by enhancing governmental accountant's expertise. Policy devided into system aspects and educational aspects, and then short-term and long-term. Short-term policy to enhance governmental accountant's expertise in system aspects recommended personnel management considering governmental accountant's characteristics and providing various education opportunities. Long-term policy recommended inclusion of governmental accounting in public servant recruit exam, governmental accountant's transition to professional position, providing certification program, establishing governmental accountant's association, providing easy access to governmental accounting data, and establishing conceptual framework. In educational aspects policy recommended enlarging range of education and introducing systematic CPE. Short-term policy to enhance governmental auditor's expertise in system aspects recommended deciding reasonable audit fee, introducing competitive contract, and strengthening quality control. Long-term policy recommended establishing governmental auditing standards, inclusion of governmental accounting in CPA exam, establishing center for information exchange, providing certification program. In educational aspects policy recommended enlarging range of education and strengthening CPE.

Consumers increasingly purchase products online and actively seek sustainable and responsible products. However, we know little about how online platforms can improve customers’ search experience for these products. We examine how platforms’ certification of sustainable and responsible products affects the sales of certified products, as well as the types of certified products that benefit the most. We analyze Amazon's Climate Pledge Friendly program and find that Amazon’s certification increases the sales of certified products significantly. We also find that products with more reviews experience more significant sales increase after receiving the certification. This suggests that, unlike quality certification, social certification complements other popular reputation systems such as ratings and user-generated reviews. Additionally, we find that certification substantially boosts sales for products from small businesses. Our findings imply that consumers face search frictions in finding products that match their multifaceted preferences despite the presence of review and rating systems.

본 연구는 직업평가사의 자격 구분과 자격 교부 및 양성 교육과정 개발을 위한 방안을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해, 미국 직업적응 및 직업평가사 인증위원회의 자격기준 및 직업평가전공 교육과정을 고찰하고 국내에서 직업평가를 수행하고 있는 전문가 104명을 대상으로 직업평가사 자격구분과 자격교부 방안, 양성 교육과정에 관한 조사와 자문회의를 실시하였다. 연구결과, 직업평가사 자격구분에 있어 직업재활전공과 관련전공의 구분, 연수와 경력의 충족 조건 등을 제시하였고, 자격교부에 있어 자격관리위원회의를 구성하여야 한다는 방안을 제시하였다. 양성 교육과정에 있어 필수이수과목과 선택이수과목을 도출하여 제안하였다. 직업평가사 자격 구분과 교부 및 양성 교육과정에 관한 연구결과는 직업평가사 자격증 제도 마련에 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대되며, 직업평가사의 전문성 확립에 기여할 것으로 생각된다.

The purpose of this study was to explore and develop standards and procedures for educational training and certification program in vocational evaluation. Standards and procedures for certification in vocational evaluation approved by the Commission on Certification of Work Adjustment and vocational Evaluation Specialists (CCWAVES) and academic curricula specialized in vocational evaluation in United States were reviewed for this study. 104 vocational evaluation practitioners completed a survey of (1) criteria for eligibility, (2) procedures to issue certifications, and (3) the educational training program for vocational evaluation specialists. In addition, input from the expert panel of the advisory board meetings was collected. The results suggest that the eligibility criteria needs to address the distinction between a degree in vocational rehabilitation and a degree in a related field and to address the procedure of acceptable internship/employment experiences. Further, the results indicate a need for a standard and credential committee to issue certifications for vocational evaluation specialists. The results also suggest that specific descriptions for required and elective courses should be included in the educational requirements and accreditation process. An implication of this study is the need for a certification program for vocational evaluation and development of professional identity for vocational evaluation specialists.

이 연구는 학생들의 독서에 대한 흥미와 동기를 유발시키고 올바른 독 서 습관 형성을 위해 마련된 독서 교육의 한 방안인 독서 인증제의 여러 가지 인증 방식 중， 독후감 키워드 검증의 문제점과 보완 방안을 마련하는 데 초점을 두었다． 검증 실태의 문제점은 현재 독서 인증제를 시범 운영하고 있는 초등학교와 중등학교 학생들의 자료를 토대로 분석 기술하고， 그 문제점을 밝혔다． 초등학교와 중학교 학생들의 독서 인증 실태를 살펴 보니， 책 본문을 그대로 인용하거나 독후감 속에 내용과 관련 없는 문자를 기록한 경우도 인증이 되고 있었다． 반면에， 글 줄거리보다는 감상을 중심으로 쓴 감상문 은 오히려 인증되지 않아 독후감 검증 키워드 방식의 한계를 보여 주었다． 그러므로 독후감 검증 키워드 방식의 장점을 살리는 방향으로 이 프로그램을 보완하려면， 학생들의 독후감 쓰기보다는 독후감 검증 키워드를 이용 한 이야기 만들기， 줄거리 완성하기와 같은 방법을 사용하는 것이 효과적 이 다． 또한， 선정된 책 속에서 검증에 적합한 키워드를 선정하는 단계를 제시 하였다． 먼저， 선정 원리를 밝히고 원리에 따라， 어휘 빈도수를 조사하고， 텍스트 분석을 통한 핵심어 조사， 교육용 어휘를 기준으로 한 독후감 키워드 수준 검토， 유의어 검색을 토대로 어휘량을 확장하는 단계를 거치는 실례를 보였다． 따라서， 이러한 과정은 학생들의 독후 활동 검증에 좀더 정확한 평가로 이루질 수 있으리라 본다.

The purpose of this paper is focusing on finding the problem of keyword and drawing up a plan for fundemental improvement, which is one of ways for reading certification program being made for inducing any interest and motivation. The problem of verifying is stated and unveiled with materials of students in the elementary school and middle school, which is performing it as a trial recently. As looking into the status of reading certification system for the students of in the elementary school and middle school, many have being performed to quote the original text or state irrelavant characters with the actual contents of a description of their impressions. On the other hand, the description of impressions focusing on the impressions rather than the plots shows the limitation against the verification methods of keyword since it has not been certificated. Therefore, if we can improve this program to stand out merits of the methods of keyword certification, it will be efficient to create stories with the keyword, completing plots, etc other than writing impressions through students' reading. As well, the after-reading activities of students would be recognized more exactly, as choosing the keyword in a book via the systemical steps.

본 연구의 목적은 디지털 융복합 환경에서 WBI를 활용한 AT자격 프로그램의 만족도와 지속적 사용의도에 미치는 영향 변수를 기대일치, 유용성 기대, 프로그램 인터페이스로 확장하여 검증하고자 하는 것이다. 실증분석에 활용된 도구는 AMOS 21.0과 SPSS 21.0 프로그램이다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유용성기대 및 프로그램 인터페이스가 기대일치에 긍정적 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났 으며, 유용성기대가 프로그램 인터페이스보다 더 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 기대일치는 만족도, 지속적 사용의도에 모 두 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤으며 기대일치는 만족도보다 지속적 사용의도에 더 많은 영향력을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 만족도는 지속적 사용의도에 대해 긍정적 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 가설에서 제시한 경로 를 토대로 기대일치가 유용성기대와 프로그램 인터페이스에 따라 영향을 받으며, 만족도와 지속적 사용의도에도 중 요한 요인이라는 증거를 제시하였다고 생각한다.

This paper aimed to identify the relationship between satisfaction and continuous usage intention of AT(Accounting Technician) certification program using WBI(Web-Based Instruction) in the digital convergence environment. We extend satisfaction and continuous usage intention, technology acceptance model theory by adding usefulness expectation, program interface, expectation confirmation. This study was examined by using the SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0. The results by analysis are as follows. First, usefulness expectation and program interface showed positive effect on the expectation confirmation, usefulness expectation had more significantly effect than the program interface. Second, expectation confirmation had significantly positive effect satisfaction, continuous usage intention. Also expectation confirmation was influenced by continuous usage intention rather than satisfaction. Third, satisfaction had positive sign on the continuous usage intention.

정보보호에 대한 중요성이 점차 증대됨에 따라 관련 업무를 수행할 수 있는 전문인력에 대한 수요 역시 증가하고 있다. 하지만, 양질의 전문인력을 양성하는데 있어 현실적인 문제점이 존재하며 이에 대한 장·단기적 해결방안이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 정보보호 전문인력 양성을 위한 정보보호 필수요구지식을 직무에 따라 제시하고, 융합전공 기반의 교육인증 프로그램 및 향후연구를 제안하였다. 이를 위하여 미국의 정보보호 교육인증 프로그램을 분석하는 한편, 국내 현실을 반영한 정보보호 교육인증 프로그램의 성공요인을 제시하였다.

As the importance of information security grows, the demand of professionals in information security field is continuing to increase. In developing as information security professionals, however, there are practical problems to be solved in advance. This study defines the body of essential knowledge(EBK) for information security professional development; on the other hand, this study suggests a education program as a multidisciplinary major based on the EBK.

Web-based services have fundamentally confidential problems due to characteristics of internet environment such as anonymity. These problems are serious obstacles to grow the web-based services. The security and confidence of web-based services rely on both service provider and users' opinion. But the former has difficulty in trusting the service provider and the latter takes too long time to propagete all users after converging their opinion. Therefore it is necessary to establish the objective and confidential evaluation and certification program for web-based service. In this paper, the internal and external web-based services evaluation and certification programs are compared and analyzed. The critical factors and evaluation methodology for secure and confidential web-based service are identified. Finally, this paper provides the improvement and strategy for web-based services evaluation and certification program.

본 연구는 내재적 및 외재적 직업가치관이 취업교육 회계흥미에 미치는 영향과 그 때에 진로결 정자기효능감이 매개역할을 수행하는지 알아보고 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 K 지역 대학교에서 회계자격증을 취득하는 취업준비프로그램 참여자이다. 연구결과, 내재적 및 외 재적 직업가치관은 취업교육 회계흥미에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 주었고 이때 진로결정 자기효능감은 매개효과를 보였다. 본 연구는 전공자와 비전공자가 함께 참여하는 취업을 위한 회계자격증 취득프로그램에서 교육 에 흥미를 느끼고 자격증 취득을 통해 취업성과를 높이고자 함이다. 연구결과를 통해 직업가치관이 취업교육으로써 회계흥미에 영향을 미치고 이 때 진로결정자기효능감이 매개역할을 수행함이 검증 되었으므로, 직업을 선택하기 전 마지막 교육과정인 대학 재학 기간 내에 자신의 능력과 직업가치 관을 직시하고 뚜렷한 취업목표를 설정하는 등의 진로교육을 위해 대학에서는 실질적인 지원정책이 필요하다. 이미 대학에서 다양한 전담기구를 통해 취업지원을 하고 있으나 이용자의 대부분은 졸업 에 임박한 학생들이므로, 올바른 직업가치관 형성과 유능한 진로결정, 진로의식을 위해 교양과목 등 의 교과 설치나 전 학년에 걸친 진로발달 프로그램이 운영될 것을 제안한다. 본 연구는 회계자격증 을 취득하는 취업준비프로그램의 흥미를 높이기 위한 방안을 실증적으로 연구한 사례이므로 대학의 취업프로그램의 성과를 향상시키기 방안으로 활용될 것이다.

1) The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of intrinsic and external Job values on the interest in employment education and whether career decision-making self-efficacy plays a mediating role at that time, and to provide implications. The subject of this study is a participant in a job preparation program who obtains an accounting certificate from a K-area university. As a result of the study, the intrinsic and the external job value had a significant positive (+) effect on the interest in employment education, and at this time, career decision-making self-efficacy had a mediating effect. The purpose of this study is to increase employment outcomes through the acquisition of qualifications and interest in accounting education in the accounting certificate acquisition program for employment in which majors and non-majors participate together. As the result of the study, it was found that job values influenced the interest in accounting through employment education, and in this case, career decision-making self-efficacy plays a mediating role. For career education, such as setting a clear employment goal, facing the university, a practical support policy is needed. Although universities are already providing employment support through various dedicated organizations, most of the users are students nearing graduation, so the establishment of courses such as liberal arts subjects or career development programs for all grades for the formation of correct job values, competent career decisions, and career awareness Proposes to be run. This study is an empirical study of ways to increase interest in job preparation programs that acquire accounting certificates, so it will be used as a way to improve the results of university employment programs.

본 연구는 기업의 성공적인 AEO 인증 및 유지를 위한 성공요인들의 상대적 중요도와 우선순위를 규명해 보고자 하였다. 그리고 이를 통해 AEO 공인인증제도 도입 초기에 발생할 수 있는 비효율성을 제거하고 AEO 성공요인 정착을 위한 인증 기업의 효율적인 경영방안을 제시하고자 하였다. AEO 인증 및 유지 성공요인의 상대적 중요도를 평가하기 위하여 AHP 분석을 실시한 결과, AEO 인증 및 유지에 있어 1계층의 중요도는 CEO 리더쉽, 조직문화, 경영전략, 지원시스템, 외부지원 순으로 나타났고, 2계층에서는 CEO의 관심 및 지원, 종업원 참여, 종업원 인식, 원활한 의사소통 순으로 결과가 도출되었다. 그리고 인증기업과 인증준비기업, 제조기업과 물류기업, 인증기업과 인증기관 및 컨설팅 업체 간의 AEO 인증 및 유지 성공요인들의 중요도는 세부 순위에서 조직 간에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 기업이 AEO 인증 및 유지를 성공적으로 수행하기 위한 가이드라인을 제시해준다. 본 연구는 AEO 인증 및 유지 성공요인의 중요도를 평가함으로써 AEO 인증 및 유지에 대한 기업의 대응전략과 자원배분의 우선순위 결정 등에 대한 정보를 제공하고 있으며, 기업 상황에 따른 AEO 인증 및 유지 요인에 대한 인식도와 중요도를 비교 평가하여 AEO 인증여부, 업종, 기업규모 등의 기업별 상황에 따른 성공적인 AEO 인증 및 유지 방안을 제시하였다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the importance of the success factors for the certification and maintenance of AEO program was conducted with AEO certified companies, certifying organization (customs), consulting companies, and the experts working for the companies preparing for the certification of AEO program. The results of the AHP analysis showed 1st priority CEO leadership, 2nd organization culture, 3rd management strategy, 4th support system, 5th external support. The analysis of the second class importance in the overall AEO certified companies, certifying organization, consulting companies and the companies preparing for certification showed 1st priority CEO leadership, 2nd priority employees' participation, 3rd priority employees' recognition, 4th priority smooth communication. In addition, the analysis of the priorities of success factors between 'certified companies and companies preparing for certification', 'manufacturing companies and logistics companies', 'large companies and middle & small enterprises', and the 'certified companies, certifying organization and consulting companies' showed that there exists a difference in the priority of the success factors for the certification and maintenance of AEO program among organizations. It is meaningful that the analysis of the recognition of companies and importance (priority) of the success factors for AEO program have diagnosed the realities of the response in company level. Such results provide the information on companies' response strategies and decision on the priority of resources distribution for the certification and maintenance of AEO program. Also, it will present methods for the successful certification and maintenance of AEO according to the situation of AEO certification, type of business, company size, etc. by a comparative evaluation of the recognition and importance of the factors for AEO certification and maintenance considering companies' situation, which can be used as a useful certification management method on the overall company level for both the companies that are preparing for AEO certification and those intending to maintain AEO certification standards.

본 연구의 목적은 중소기업의 최고경영자 특성과 국제인증 획득, 수출지원제도의 활용이 수출성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위한 것이다. 최고경영자 특성은 세부적으로 경영자의 혁신성, 적극성, 리더십으로 구분하였다. 국제인증 획득은 경영시스템 국제인증과 제품 해외인증으로 구분하였다. 수출지원제도는 KOTRA, 중소기업진흥공단, 무역협회, 무역보험공사 등에서 지원하는 내용을 토대 로 조사하였다. 총 6개의 가설을 세우고, 250명의 중소수출기업 임직원을 대상으로 설문을 받아 실증분석하였다. 통계분석에는 SPSS 24.0을 활용하였다. 실증 분석결과 최고경영자 특성 중, 혁신성과 적극성은 수출성과에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 주었다. 그러나, 리더 십은 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 국제인증 획득의 두 개 변수인 경영시스템 국제인증과 제품인증 모두 수출성과에 유의한 영향 을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 수출지원제도의 활용 또한 수출성과에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인하였다. 연구결과를 통해 중소기업의 경쟁력 확보의 일환인 제품 해외인증 등과 같은 국제인증이 수출성과에 핵심적인 요인이라는 학술적 시사점을 발견 하였다. 또한 국제인증 획득을 위한 적절한 수출지원제도의 활용이 필요하다는 실무적 시사점도 발견하였다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of the CEO’s characteristics, acquisition of the international certifications, and usability of export support systems on export performance of SMEs. The characteristics of the CEO were classified into innovativeness, initiative, and leadership in detail. Acquisition of the international certification is divided into international management system certification and overseas product certification. The export support system was investigated based on the contents supported by KOTRA, Small and Medium Business Corporation, Korea International Trade Association, and Korea Trade Insurance Corporation. A total of six hypotheses were established, and 250 employees of small and medium-sized export companies were surveyed and empirically analyzed. SPSS 24.0 was used for statistical analysis. As a result of the empirical analysis, among the CEO characteristics, innovativeness and initiative had a significant positive (+) effect on export performance. However, leadership did not have a significant effect. It was tested that both the management system international certification and the product certification, two variables of international certification acquisition, had a significant effect on export performance. It was tested that the usability of the export support system also had a significant positive (+) effect on export performance. Through the research results, we found an academic implication that international certification, such as overseas product certification, which was a part of securing competitiveness of SMEs, was a key factor in export performance. In addition, practical implications were found that it was necessary to use an appropriate export support system to obtain international certification.

최근에 개정된 중 저준위 방사성폐기물 인도규정에서는 폐기물시설운영자는 처분 전 방사성폐기물이 인도규정에 적합함을 보장하기 위한 계획을 수립하여 운영할 것을 요구하고 있다. 앞으로 건설될 방사성폐기물 처분시설에서 방사성폐기물 인수 시에 충족되어야할 방사성폐기물인수기준이 수립될 것이며, 이 인수기준에는 물리화학적 및 방사선학적 특성규명, 물리화학적인 제한사항, 금지품목, 포장, 인식표, 라벨, 문서요건 등을 규정할 것으로 예상된다. 이들 규정을 준수하기 위하여 방사성폐기물 발생자는 방사성폐기물이 폐기물 인수기준에 만족하는지를 확인하는 폐기물 인증프로그램을 수행하여 방사성폐기물이 그 기준에 만족하는지 확인하여야 하며, 방사성폐기물에 대한 모든 인증서류를 폐기물 처분시설에 제출할 책임이 있다. 본 방사성폐기물 인증프로그램계획은 한국원자력연구소에서 발생되는 방사성폐기물의 인증프로그램에 대한 예비프로그램으로서 개발된 것이며 앞으로 처분장의 인수요건이 구체적으로 확립될 때까지 수정 보완되어야 한다.

The regulation for the low and intermediate level radioactive waste to be transferred to the disposal facility, recently revised, require that radioactive waste generators should set up waste certification program to verify the radioactive waste conform to the waste acceptance criteria(WAC) before disposal. The radioactive waste disposal facility, scheduled to be constructed in Korea, will institute WAC for the wastes to be transferred to the facility. This WAC is expected to compose of the requirements for the radiological characterization, physical and chemical characterization, physical/chemical restriction, prohibited item, packaging, identification, labeling, and documentation. For the compliance with this regulation, The radioactive waste generators should verify that the waste meet WAC through performance of the waste certification program and are responsible for handing in all the certification documents to the disposal facility. This waste certification program plan was set up as a preliminary program for the certification of radioactive waste generated in Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) and should be further revised until preparation of WAC by disposal agent.

본 연구는 대학생을 대상으로 DS 인성교육 인증프로그램을 실시하고 인성지수와 자아정체감의 효과를 살펴보았다. 본 연구에서 실시된 프로그램은 Lee et al(2015)이 대학생을 대상으로개발한 DS인성교육 인증 프로그램지침서를 토대로 진행되었다. 본 프로그램 구성은 총 6회기이며, 매 회기는 2시간으로 진행되도록 구성하였다. DS 인성교육 인증 프로그램효과를 검증하기 위해 중간에 누락된 대상을 제외한 실험집단 80명, 통제집단 72명을 최종 분석 대상으로 하였고, 인성지수, 자아정체감 사전검사를 공변인으로 하여 실험집단과 통제 집단간 공변량분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 사전, 사후 검사에서 DS인성교육인증프로그램을 실시한 실험집단은 통제집단에 비해 인성지수의 사회성, 도덕성, 감성세가지 차원과 각각에 해당하는 하위요인인 배려/봉사, 정직/정의, 책임, 윤리(어른공경), 긍정적 자기이해, 자기조절 모두에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 그리고 자아정체감 전체점수와 자아정체감의 하위요인인 주체성, 자기수용성, 미래확신성, 목표지향성, 주도성, 친밀성, 정체감 유예, 정체감 혼미 모두에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 따라서 DS인성교육인증프로그램은 대학생들의 인성, 자아정체감 향상에 전반적으로 도움이 되는 것으로 나타났다.

This study conducted DS character education certification program on university students and investigated character index and ego identity effect. The program for this study was performed on the basis of a character education certification program developed by Park, Eun-Min et al, (2015) for students as a guideline. The program consisted of 6 sessions and every session consisted of 2 hours. Excluding omitted questionnaires out of those distributed to verify effect of the DS character education certification program, questionnaire survey of character index and ego identity was done in prior and post test on 80 students of experimental group and 72 students of control group through a covariance analysis. According to research result, the experimental group of DS character education certification program in prior and post test showed more statistically significant differences in consideration/service, empathy, honesty/justice, responsibility, ethic (respecting the elders), positive self-understanding, and self-regulation which were sub-factors of 3 dimensions such as sociality, morality and emotion than the control group. Statistically significant differences were seen in not only total scores of ego identity but also subjectivity, self-receptiveness, future confidence, goal orientation, initiative, intimacy, identity moratorium, and identity confusion which were sub-factors of ego identity. Therefore, it was found that DS character education certification program was helpful for improvement of character and ego identity university students.

이 연구에서는 현행 체육지도자 양성제도의 문제점을 분석하고 이를 해결할 수 있는 획기적 방안을 제시함으로써 체육지도자의 활용도를 극대화하고 사회경제적 지위향상의 초석을 마련할 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 체육지도자 자격제도는 우선 명칭이 진부하고, 경기지도자와 생활체육지도자의 업무가 유사하다. 업무의 범위가 불명확하고 제한적이며 직급별 차별성과 연계성도 결여되어 있다. 자격검정과정이 너무 복잡하고 불필요한 연수과정을 부과하고 있다. 무시험으로 자격을 부여하는 경우가 있어 권위가 떨어뜨리는 조항이 있다. 체육지도자 양성관련 대학의 교육과정 운영지침이 없었고 보수교육이 이루어지지 않고 있다. 체육지도자 단체를 결성할 수 있는 법적 근거가 없고 자질함양과 권익옹호 사업을 할 수 조직이 형성돼 있지 못하다. 이와 같은 문제점을 해소하고 미래 지향적 체육지도자 자격제도의 개혁 방향을 연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. 체육지도자 자격의 명칭은 법적으로 운동사로 하는 것이 좋겠다. 운동사의 업무범위를 확충하고 분명히 하는 것이 필요하다. 자격의 구조는 운동사, 단일 안이 가장 적합하지만 경우에 따라서 일반 운동사와 전문운동사 제도를 고려할 수 있겠다. 자격검정은 시험을 위주로 하고 필기시험과 실기시험을 병행토록 한다. 대학의 전문가 교육과정을 활성화할 수 있도록 지원하고 보수교육을 의무화하며 주기적으로 자격갱신을 실시하도록 한다. 체육지도자 단체결성을 위한 법적 근거를 확보하여 조직적으로 권익옹호 및 자질함양 사업을 수행할 수 있게 하는 것이 중요하다. 특히 체육지도자 자격제도의 개혁이 성공하려면 지도자 인력의 활용방안이 강구되어야 하므로 이를 위한 정부와 체육관련 단체 및 대학의 역할이 강조되어야 하겠다.

The purpose of the study was to analyze current problems and issues related directly to the educational system of physical education leaders as well as to provide effective solutions not only by increasing the utilization of physical education leaders but also to effectively raise their socio-economic status. Currently, the titles of physical education leaders are too varied. Also, the lines are blurred between the roles of the sports coach and physical educator leaders. The occupational service is indefinite and limited, and the distinctions and relationships are lacking. The existing process of certification is too complicated and requires unnecessary educational curricula. Additionally, there is an article which lowers the prestige of the certification process because it allows certifications to be awarded without the necessary certification examinations. Also, worth noting is that there are no administrative standards established for educational curricula designed to prepare physical education leaders at the college level and for the continuing education needed for recertification. Finally, there is no defined legal ground to establish an organization for leadership in physical education leaders as well as no systematic formation for improving quality cultivation and supporting rights which means finding ways to improve the quality of job performance and qualifications as well as ways to protect the rights of exercise leaders as professionals. This study led to the following solutions to the need for preparing exemplary physical education leaders. It is recommended that the legal term for an exercise leader is "exercise and sports professional". The determination of the scope of duties is critical to the success of effective exercise leadership. The types of certificate can be unified as "exercise and sports professional (ESP)" but if necessary, considered as general ESP and special ESP separately. The certification should be issued by examinations which include both written and practical examinations. The advanced exercise leader program should be developed and encouraged at the college level and continuing education should be mandated for the recertification process periodically. There is a need to secure a legal basis for establishing related organizations for exercise leaders as well as a systematic formation for improving quality cultivation and supporting rights should be supported. Additionally, the success of the certification process is dependent upon how to optimize the utilization of the certified leaders. This necessitates the identification of and careful consideration for the roles and responsibilities of government, private and public professional organizations, and colleges/universities.

The critical aspects of biosafety and bio-containment have been increasingly important in recent years. Biological agents involved in biological research projects at the Nanyang Technological University (NTU) Singapore are usually those with low risks. Biosafety level 2 or BSL 2 laboratories are widely used. However, biosafety measures which refer to the implementation of laboratory practices and procedures, specific construction features of laboratory facilities and safety equipment must be in place to reduce the exposure of laboratory personnel, the public or the environment to potentially infectious agents or other biological hazards. It is also required to pay more attention to laboratory-acquired infections (LAIs) which may occur in research laboratories, clinical laboratories or animal facilities. BSL 2 audit and certification program is implemented as an internal exercise covering laboratories in the university where biological agents are handled or biological research works are carried out. We have put some efforts to raise biosafety standards university-wide in both laboratory infrastructure and laboratory practices to a higher level. Common audit findings are briefly discussed in this presentation.

The purpose of this study is to examine the development and implementation of the NAKS-ACTFL Teacher Certification Program, which was launched in 2019 to strengthen teacher competence and professional identity in Korean heritage schools across the United States. Employing a multi-method research design, the study draws upon organizational documents, program materials, and statistical data from five certification cohorts, including participant satisfaction surveys and in-depth mentor case studies. The results indicate that the program significantly contributes to the advancement of instructional quality, professional confidence, and collaborative teaching practices. The high levels of participant satisfaction across all three stages (LEARN, APPLY, PLAN) confirm the effectiveness of its structured curriculum, hands-on training, and dedicated mentoring support. The findings also illuminate the program’s transformative impact on both mentees and mentors. While high satisfaction was reported, challenges related to the need for more Korean-specific examples and clearer post-certification career pathways were also identified. The NAKS-ACTFL program serves as a sustainable model for professional development within heritage language education. This research, by empirically verifying the program’s value, offers a new model for professional growth and a blueprint for other minority language education initiatives. Despite the study’s limitation of an all-female participant sample, the findings offer valuable insights for future comparative and longitudinal research aimed at further exploring the program’s long-term impact on teacher efficacy and student learning.

While use of computers to teach English in a conventional educational environment promotes motivation and effective learning in students, the method generates problems such as provision of learning materials without consideration of teaching methods and evaluation without consideration of individual differences in students. To solve these problems and produce a superior system, we propose knowledge representation of expert module for an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS).

In many of ITS(Intelligent Tutoring System), they only evaluate student level or simple some student character. We propose student model for considering many student characteristics. Our student model contains student level and student's weak problem type, domain field, problem situation. We can provide optimum problem to individual student by student model.

This study evaluates the effects of the government’s support policies for innovative firms, for which small firms are eligible by way of a venture certification program in Korea. We analyze whether the effects of the innovative firms’ policies are heterogeneous across several dimensions. Specifically, we examine how policy effects vary along with the venture certification types, firm size, and age. We assess the short- and long-term effects of the certification program on the performance of certified firms. We find that the program is likely to help innovative and young firms enhance their sales, employment and labor productivity over time. Moreover, the impact of the program is bigger for firms that are financed by venture capital, smaller in size (less than 20 employees) and younger (less than 5 years). In contrast, the support policies for innovative firms were somehow ineffective for firms that are research and development-intensive, medium sized (more than 100 and less than 300 employees) or older (more than 10 years)