Earticle

Recently new materials and technologies for construction industry have been introduced. So, existing fire safety technology can no longer handle the current situation effectively. Developed countries have already adopted performance-based approaches to structural fire safety. Prior to the introduction of performance-based design, studies many variables have to be conducted. Among these, the heat flow is directly related to fire behavior and affects direction in spread of fire. In addition, heat flow is largely affected by the factors such as location and size of openings. This paper aims to evaluate the applicability of moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method for heat flow analysis. In this paper, a heat flow analysis program is designed adding the energy equations and buoyancy term in the algorithm that Koshizuka originally developed. In addition a numerical analysis and experiment had been conducted and compared through temperature distributions to verify the reliability of the program. Experiment shows very close result as what is analyzed by the program, confirming the applicability of MPS method for heat flow analysis.

Korea has relied on top down development method, in which companies, research and education institutions move into the industrial complexes established by the government. However, to improve local competitiveness, the paradigm is shifting from the government initiated industrial complex to the clusters based on the cooperative network of the region. Representative case is 'Samcheok-si Fire & Emergency industry cluster construction project' that begun in 2007. AHP technique analysis results on first-stage showed that priority was on policy and network elements, and the results of second-stage analysis show that priority was on Policy incentives to internationalize the cluster and strengthen link,. Cluster branding, Sharing of organizational culture to cope with changes in environment, Creation of group learning culture. The subject of this research is limited to Samcheok-si's the Fire and Emergency Industry cluster formation project. Therefore, the research area and standard should be expanded to increase generality in further researches.

This study proposes a smart camera system for detecting fires in Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) systems. Traditional fire detection methods, such as smoke detectors, temperature sensors, thermal cameras, and videobased surveillance systems, each have specific advantages and disadvantages depending on the environment. However, due to the unique characteristics of BIPV systems, a more sophisticated and integrated detection system is required. In this study, we developed a smart camera system using an NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano board, a YOLOv5 model, and a Lepton thermal camera to monitor and provide early warnings of fires in BIPV systems in real time. Experimental results across various environments demonstrated that the proposed system offers higher accuracy and reliability compared to existing methods.

Buildings are equipped with fire compartments to prevent the spread of fire. However, the fire compartment regulations in South Korea are simplistic and standardized, and the exception and mitigation also have ambiguous criteria, requiring adaptations to accommodate changes in architectures. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the contents related to exception and mitigation for fire compartments in South Korea and propose to make up for the limitations. To identify limitations, this study investigates how fire compartments are implemented in South Korea and analyze international cases to compare fire compartment regulations. The comparative analysis reveals that domestic exception and mitigation have ambiguous spatial criteria, and international cases solve this issue by specifying regulations based on specific uses. Consequently, this study proposes the need to formulate and detail regulations of exception and mitigation considering both building use type and space characteristics, because of fire hazard levels changed by building use type.

본 연구는 고령화 사회에 고층건물이 급증하는 현실을 방영하여 화재 시 노인들의 대피행동에 대한 심리적 이해를 제공하고자 총 30명의 노인들을 대상으로 고층건물 화재 대피실헙을 진행하였다. 신체적 노화과정이 심리적 상태에 영향을 미치는 노령층의 특수성을 고려하여, 노인들의 건강 및 인지상태에 대한 자신감과 위기 시 안전하게 대피할 수 있다는 자기효능감에 중점을 두었다. 분석결 과, 건강 상태에 대한 낮은 자신감은 대피공간에 대한 높은 요구와 관계가 있었으며, 시각 및 청각에 대한 자신감은 자기효능감, 공간탐색, 위기판단과 상관관계를 모였다. 반면, 실험 전 자기효능감은 실제로 이동한 층수와 부적 관계를 나타내었다. 다중회귀분석에서는 건강과 인지능력에 대한 자신 감이 자기효능감에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 정성적 분석결과로부터 대피실험이 노인들에게 자기 효능감을 변화시킨 의미있는 경험으로 작용한다고 유추할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 노인들의 대피 를 위한 정책적 배려와 함께, 위기 시 현실적 자신감과 자기효능감을 갖도록 적절한 교육이 제공되 어야 함을 시사한다.

The purpose of this study was to provide psychological understanding on seniors’ behavior during fire evacuation in order to reflect the reality of the rapid growth in both seniors and high-rise buildings in Korea. A total of 30 seniors participated in this study, and the results of correlation analysis showed that (1) a low level of confidence had a relationship with a high level of needs on refuge area; (2) the level of confidence on visual and auditory status had relationships with self-efficacy, special exploration, and judgement in risk; and (3) the level of pre-experiment self-efficacy was negatively related with the number of floors they actually passed through. The result of multiple regression analysis revealed that seniors’ confidence on health and cognitive status influenced on pre-experiment self-efficacy, while the result of qualitative analysis implied that the participation in this experiment changed the seniors’ self-efficacy as a meaningful experience. It is necessary to establish a policy and provide education for seniors’ safe evacuation by considering their psychological characteristics.

최근 드론은 정부차원에서의 관심과 지원, 관련 산업분야의 급격한 기술발전이 이루어져 다양 한 분야에서 적극적으로 활용도가 높아지고 있으며, 항공촬영과 신속한 공중이동의 장점 위주로 건설, 교통, 농업, 물류분야에 활용되고 있다. 또한 재난분야에서도 인명구조 및 탐지, 재난상황 모니터링, 화재진압 등의 소방용 목적으로도 응용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 재난대응과 관리적인 차원에서, 드론의 건축물의 화재안전성능평가와 소방시설점검 및 관리에 대한 활용에 대해 분석 하였다. 드론 기술을 재난관리차원에서 건축물의 화재안전성능 평가와 소방시설점검 및 관리에 활용하여, 시설성능과 인명피난안전성의 신뢰도를 확보하여 화재로부터 안전한 건축물 유지에 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

This study is carried out for the fire safety of the factory building, the fire risk reduction measure in compliance with an example approached in fire risk reduction systematically, contribute to reduce the fire risk. The analytical fire risk process of discovering, identifying, estimating and evaluating risk and control measure as risk reduction measures are core concept, applies loss prevention with loss control techniques. The painting process in the workplace where the fire hazard and death accident accompanies coexists. Loss prevention problem of creation prevention of dangerous atmosphere at workplace is health and human services problem of normal circumstances, must be inspected with problem of combustible gases at the time of fire explosion. Static electricity measure accomplished the risk control process thoroughly as the fire risk reduction process model with the ignition sources measure which is presented. Fire risk from within organizing will be able to classify with each field by detailedly but risk treatment process will be able to apply basically all the same concept. Consequently about risk management example from before, this study is proposed risk management techniques that standardized rightly in the actual condition of organization with one plan, with discovery of fire risk, the feedback process in compliance with a fire risk reduction and the review which control the result is joint responsibility of engineer, technical expert and manager as part of safety management to practice with the fact must be supervised.

Because National Fire Safety Codes is mixed performance criteria and specification, and it defines the fire extinguish equipment type and standards that need to be installed in a building as one method. Therefore, to fully reflect the fire risk characteristics of the building, such as the wooden building there is a limit. In this study, suggested to the performance criteria drawn methodologies through fire load of wooden buildings studies, theory on performance and performance analysis to fire extinguish equipment of the wooden buildings is installed according to current fire safety codes.

본 논문은 마이크로프로세서와 랩뷰 프로그램을 이용한 IoT 기반의 건물 내부 지도 및 화재 안내 시스템에 관현 연구 이다. 지금까지의 건물 내부의 비상구를 안내하는 장치는 화재 발생시 화재장소와 상관없이 항상 일정한 방향만을 나 타내어 화재로부터 건물 밖까지 최적의 비상구를 나타내어 주지 않고 있다. 논문에서 구현된 스마트 제어 시스템은 마이크 로프로세서와 불꽃 감지센서, 일산화탄소센서 및 온도센서를 이용하여 화재 발생 장소를 파악하였고, Zigbee 통신을 통하여 최적의 이동경로를 안내하도록 구성되어 있다. 그리고 제안된 시스템은 QR코드를 활용하여 스마트폰과 연동되게 하였다. 코디네이터 제어는 LABVIEW 소프트웨어를 통하여 설치된 스마트제어 시스템의 센서 값이 확인되도록 검증하였다. 본 논 문에서 연구된 IoT 기반 제어시스템은 Arduino mega 보드와 LABVIEW 소프트웨어로 구현하였고, 디스플레이 장치와 코 디네이션으로 동작 상태를 확인 할 수 있었다.

This paper is a study on IoT based map inside the building and fire perception system using microprocessor and LABVIEW program. The smart control system implemented in this paper is designed to identify the location of fire by using microprocessor, flame detection sensor, carbon monoxide sensor and temperature sensor, and to guide the optimal travel route through Zigbee communication. And the proposed system uses QR code to interoperate with smartphone. The coordinator control verified that the sensor value of the smart control system installed through the LABVIEW software was confirmed. The IoT based control system studied in this paper was implemented with Arduino mega board and LABVIEW software, and the operation status was confirmed by display device and coordination.

본 연구에서는 목조건축문화재 등의 화재를 효율적으로 소화하기 위한 소방자동차용 소방펌프의 특성을 파악하고 KFI, NFPA, EN의 국내 ‧ 외 성능시험기준의 비교분석하였다. 국내 목조건축문화재는 산중에 위치한 경우가 많아 일반적인 소 방펌프로는 효과적인 소화가 어려우며 고압 다량의 방수가 가능한 소방펌프의 성능향상이 요구된다. 소방펌프의 압력제 어, 방수유량 그리고 과부하 안정성의 성능시험 등이 목조건축문화재의 화재진압을 위하여 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 저온 시험은 EN과 NFPA에 있는 시험항목으로, 산중에 위치한 목조건축문화재의 국내 환경을 고려하면 도입이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

This research examined characteristics of fire pumps of fire fighting vehicles for efficiently extinguishing fires such as wooden building cultural properties and compared with domestic and foreign performance test standards. Wooden construction cultural properties in Korea are located in the mountains, it is difficult to effectively extinguish the fire with a general fire pump. Therefore, it is required to improve the performance of the fire pump’flow and pressure. It is considered that the pressure control of the fire pump, water flow, such as performance and reliability test of the overload are needed for extinguishing fire in wooden building cultural properties. The low temperature test in EN and NFPA is considered to be necessary due to the wooden building cultural properties located in the mountains.

Recently, the number of cases of fire spreading due to exterior materials of buildings is increasing. Due to the nature of modern architecture, which emphasizes the aesthetics of buildings, because buildings pursue a splendid appearance, they are inexpensive and have relatively good insulation performance, but an increasing number of buildings are adopting insulation materials that have poor fire safety performance. The risk of spread is also greatly increased. Since the exterior wall of a building is made of a variety of materials and structures, it is composed of a combination of several elements, including materials such as insulation and finishing materials. Therefore, it was determined that it was necessary to introduce a more systematic evaluation method for building exterior materials, and to improve the system reflecting this, away from the existing evaluation method that only checked the fire safety performance of finishing materials.

Recently, interest in insulation functional building materials has been increasing to reduce greenhouse gas and increase energy efficiency. However, insulation materials installed in buildings for insulation cause the rapid vertical spread of flames, and it causes difficulties in extinguishing fires, leading to enormous casualties and property damage. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the diffusion characteristics of flames according to the type of insulation and adhesive, and to establish measures to reduce fire damage. To this end, different types of insulation and adhesives were used to compare the diffusion characteristics of flames by simultaneously setting fire. In conclusion, only incombustible insulation had the effect of preventing combustion expansion, and flame retardant insulation and semi-incombustible insulation had minimal effects. And no difference was found according to the type of adhesive. Therefore, it is necessary to revise the current building regulations to restrict the use of combustible insulation materials and to mandate the use of non-combustible insulation materials.

Recently buildings are constructed in larger and higher scales and becoming more complex. However from small to large scale buildings and on construction sites there still are fire safety accidents that occur continuously. Therefore to improve fire safety plan, examining the actual fire safety management and understanding fire risk analysis Using Fire Modeling through Computer Simulation. On this study, the permissible evacuation times were estimated for smoke fall, temperature, CO concentration, viability, etc. Fire safety management plans for fire safety were suggested.

In the past, the government had tried to increase apartment buildings to solve shortage of residence and it has contributed to the improvement of residential standard. These apartment buildings have been getting higher frequency of fire comparing to other residential types, but don't get much people's attention on this since number of the residents of each household is quite small and the number of deaths is not that many. Recently, however, this problem is getting very serious as apartment building is our representative residential type. Many of foreign country have been introducing performance based fire protection design nowadays, and they put a lot of effort to take more concrete and specific precautions against fire. Especially, there has been a lot of study working on fire load because the fire load of each room is a very important factor to determine fire safety and structural refractory, which is also important as a basic study of Performance Based Fire Protection Design. In spite of this global trend, however, it has been put off to introduce this system in Korea. Therefore, the aim of this study is a survey of fire load in apartment buildings as preceding study of introducing the Performance Based Fire Protection Design.

Performance based design(PBD) is the method to make a fire safety design against them after predicting the factors of fire risk in a building. Therefore, predicting fire risk in a building is very important process in PBD. For predicting fire risk of a building, an engineer of PBD must consider various factors such as ignition location, ignition point, ignition source, first ignited item, second ignited item, flash over, the state of door and fire suppression system. But, it is difficult to trust fire safety capacity of the design because the process in Korea' PBD is unprofessional and unreasonable. This paper had surveyed some cases of PBD that had been made in Korea to find the problems of the process to predict fire risk. And it have proposed the improvements of process to predict fire risk of a building