Earticle

The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate that the underlying structure of English wh&wh constructions is a mono-clausal one. Previous analyses of wh&wh constructions, such as the elliptical analysis of Giannakidou and Merchant(1998) and the multiple dominance conceptualization of Citko and Gracanin-Yuksek(2013), Citko(2013), and Gracanin Yuksek(2007) posit a bi-clausal structure as an underlying structure. However, the bi-clausal analyses are untenable due to empirical problems. This paper shows that Chomsky’s(2023) Box System can explain the formation processes of wh&wh constructions. Further, an argumental wh-adjunct where is optionally boxed, and a boxed wh-phrase is subject to the movement timing constraint.

A vacuum system is designed for thermal insulation of a 10 ton/day class air liquefaction cold box for liquid air energy storage. The vacuum system is composed of a turbomolecular pump, a backing pump and vacuum piping for the vacuum pumps. The turbomolecular pump is in combination with the backing pump for pumping capacity. The vacuum piping is designed with system installation conditions, such as distance from the cold box, connections to vacuum pumps and installation space. The capacity of the vacuum pump combination, namely pumping speed, is determined by analysis of the vacuum system, and pump-down time to 1×10-5 mbar is estimated. Vacuum piping conductance, system pumping speed and outgassing rate are calculated for the pumpdown time with the ultimate pumping speed range of the vacuum pump combination of 1400 – 2300 l/s. Although the pump-down time gets shorter by larger capacity vacuum pumps, it mainly depends on target vacuum degree and outgassing rate in the cold box. The pump-down time is estimated as 3 – 6 hours appropriate for cold box operation for the pumping speed range. Considering the outgassing rate has uncertainty, the vacuum pump combination with pumping speed of 1900 l/s is chosen for the vacuum system, which is middle value of the pumping speed range.

방송통신의 융합은 미디어를 유통하는 플랫폼을 증가시켰고, 디지털 뉴미디어의확산은 콘텐츠를 소비하는 시청자에게 시간적 공간적 제약을 뛰어넘는 혁신을 제공하고 있다. 하지만 시청률조사는 실시간 방송에 대한 시청률 측정에만 머무르는 한계를 벗어나지 못하고 있고, 이렇게 측정된 시청률 또한 통계적인 오차 범위를 벗어나는 결과를 보임에 따라 지표로서의 충실성을 다하지 못하고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 셋톱박스의 로그를 이용한 새로운 시청률 조사방식이 기존의 표본 조사된 시청률 조사 방식의 문제점과 한계를 극복할 수 있는지를 실증적인 데이터를 통하여 분석하였다. 주요 연구결과를 요약하면 첫째, 기존의 시청률 전문 조사기관에서 산출한 시청률 조사결과와 본 연구에서 제안된 셋톱박스 기반의 시청률 조사결과가 유의미한 상관 관계를 가짐에 따라 셋톱박스 기반의 조사방식 또한 기존 방식과 유사한 수준의 신뢰성과 타당성을 가지고 있음을 확인할 수 있었고, 둘째, 셋톱박스 기반의 시청률 조사의 경우 VoD 이용률과 프로그램 이용률이라는 지표를 통해 시청자의 VoD 이용행태를 분석할 수 있음에 따라 기존 시청률 집계방식을 보완할 중요 지표가 될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 마지막으로, 인기 콘텐츠의 VoD 이용률이 실시간 방송 시청률의 절반에 이를 만큼 매우 높은 수준으로 나타나고 있음을 본 연구에서 실증적인 데이터로 보여줌에 따라 VoD 이용행태를 계량화하여 제공하는 VoD 이용률과 프로그램 이용률 지표의 도입과 활용의 필요성을 제시하였다.

The convergence of broadcasting and telecommunications has led the growth of the media distribution platform, and it becomes easier and more convenient for viewers to enjoy the contents without being interrupted by time and location. However, current audience rating systems still use a measurement of real-time broadcast ratings. IPTV log analysis using IPTV set-top box may solve the problem of the current audience rating system. This study proposes a new rating system, such as the set-top box based viewer rating systems. The result of this study can be summarized as follows; First, the correlation between the legacy viewer rating systems and new set-top box based rating system is statistically significant, which means that new rating system may reflect the reliability and validity of the current rating systems. Second, the set-top box based rating system may overcome the limitation of traditional rating systems because the set-top box based system using both VOD rating and program rating can reflect audience’s VOD watching behavior.

The most box product system is designed to form into the complete product by cutting the raw material followed by the pre-folded line. But, such product system wastes the remaining material and takes long time to complete the product. In this study, an automatic curling box product system is designed to modify the weakness the current box product system has. The automatic curling box product system can shorten the time of the production and save more box materials. It can produce about 476 boxes per hour and has no erroneous outer appearance. The system is composed of four units such as a container unit, a base unit, a robot unit, and a control panel unit. Especially, the robot unit contains the hot melt gun which diffuses the glue.

본 연구는 Low Impact Development (LID) 시설로서 도로에 적용 가능한 수목여과시설을 개발 하고자 수행되었다. 수목여 과시설의 적용가능성 및 효과 검증을 위해 Test-bed 규모의 시설을 조성하여 총 17개월(2011년 6월 ~ 2012년 11월)동안 모니터링을 수행하였다. 모니터링 결과, 누적강우량 2 mm 이하의 강우시 발생되는 강우유출량은 시설내 전량 저류 되며 20 mm 이상일 경우 유입유량의 최소 20%가 시설내 저류 되는 것으로 분석되었다. 강우량에 따른 오염물질별 저감효과 를 분석한 결과, Total Pb는 70% 이상의 저감효율을 보여 오염물질 중에서 저감효과가 가장 뛰어난 것으로 나타났으며 중금속, 입자상 물질, 영양염류 및 유기물 순으로 저감효과가 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 오염물질별 평균 저감효율은 60∼ 73%의 범위로 나타났으며 소규모 강우(10 mm 미만의 강우)시 10 mm 이상의 강우 일 때 보다 오염물질이 함유된 강우 유출수가 시설 내에서 충분히 저류되기에 오염물질 저감에 효과적인 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구결과를 활용하여 강우량, 오염물질 저감효율과 같은 LID 시설의 설계인자를 도출할 수 있었으며 물순환 효과 및 오염물질의 효율평가를 통하여 향후 본 시설과 유사한 시설의 설계시 활용 가능성이 높은 것으로 판단된다.

The aim of this study was to develop a tree box filter system, an example of Low Impact Development technology, for treating stormwater runoff from road. Monitoring of storm events was performed between June 2011 and November 2012 to evaluate the system performance during wet day. Based on the results, all runoff volume generated by rainfall less than 2 mm was stored in the system. The minimum volume reduction of 20% was observed in the system for rainfall greater than 20 mm. The greatest removal efficiency was exhibited by the system for total heavy metals ranging from 70 to 73% while satisfactory removal efficiency was exhibited by the system for particulate matters, organic matters and nutrients ranging from 60 to 68%. The system showed greater pollutant removal efficiency of 67 to 83% for rainfall less than 10 mm compared to rainfall greater than 10 mm which has 39 to 75% pollutant removal efficiency. The system exhibited less pollutant reduction for rainfall greater than 10 mm due to the decreased retention capacity of the system for increased rainfall. Overall, the system has proved to be an option for stormwater management that can be recommended for on- site application. Similar system may be designed based on several factors such as rainfall depth, facility size and pollutant removal efficiency.

Recently, developing and applying of the double skin, which can utilize the natural energy with more aggressive characteristic, is now in study. The studies of the double skin are been constantly in progress in advanced countries as well as in domestic. And the double skin has lately been put to practical use. This study has selected the building with the box-typed double skin system and performed the thermal performance prediction of double skin system using TRNSYS. The U-value of the double skin system has been calculated. And this one has compared the measured U-value with the simulated U-value of double skin system. The results of comparison between experiment and the simulation were similar. So a prediction method on thermal performance of the box-typed double skin using TRNSYS simulation has secured a feasibility.

Currently, most of cars are equipped with the car infotainment system. In addition, drivers install the additional functions which they want to. The car black box and self-diagnosis tool are remarkable functions among the additional function. If they install the additional functions in their own car, they almost pay purchasing cost. These functions give the convenience to drivers, but it is causing the complex problem and the economic burden. In this paper, we implement car infotainment system which integrates multiple function based on the android platform. Our aim is to solve the above mentioned problem by providing integrated multiple functions of car infotainment.

Recently, more users have been using IoT embedded systems. Since the wireless network function is a basic and core function in most embedded systems, new security threats and weaknesses are expected to occur. In order to resolve these threats, it is necessary to investigate the security issues in the development stages according to the Security Development Lifecycle (SDL). This study analyzes the vulnerabilities of the embedded systems equipped with the wireless network function, and derives possible security threats and how dangerous such threats are. We present security risks including bypassing the authentication stage required for accessing to the embedded system.

파출소체제의 확대는 여러 선결조건의 해소와 개선이 전제되어야 한다. 그렇지 않으면 또 다시 같은 문제가 반복될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 파출소체제의 증설에 대한 선결과제와 그에 대한 쟁점을 면밀히 검토를 통하여 지역경찰제의 효과적 운영방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 분석방법으로는 지난 1년간의 관련 언론기사 내용분석을 통해 선행연구에서 제시한 다양한 문제점과 비교하였다. 또한 이를 바탕으로 향후 파출소 체제의 증설에 따른 예견된 문제들에 대한 대안과 효과적 운영방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 연구결과, 현행 지구대 체제는 범죄대응능력의 약화, 주민과의 괴리, 주민불안감의 증대, 서비스제공의 부족, 지역실정에 부합하지 않는 관서운영, 접근의 어려움 등이 문제점으로 분석되었다. 파출소 체제의 선결과제로는 인력보강, 지역실정을 고려한 관서운영, 예산확대, 장비보강, 파출소간 공조체제 구축, 유착비리 근절방안 마련 등이 분석되어 기존의 선행연구들에서 언급한 문제들이 반복되고 있음을 재인식 할 수 있었다. 따라서 향후 경찰에서는 비판여론의 해소를 위해 조급하게 파출소체제를 확대하기 보다는 위와 같은 선결과제를 개선한 후 점진적으로 확대해 나가야 할 것이다. 또한 이러한 선결과제의 개선이 우선되어야만 지구대체제와 같은 또 다른 실패를 미연에 방지할 수 있을 것이며, 조직 내부의 구성원은 물론 시민으로부터 신뢰받을 수 있는 경찰조직, 경찰제도로 거듭날 수 있을 것이다. 다만, 본 연구의 내용분석이 복수 연구자에 의해 이루어지지 못했다는 점과 1년이라는 단기간의 언론보도 분석에 그쳤다는 점, 그리고 보도의 시점과 언론사별 빈도 등 다양한 변수를 고려하지 못했다 점 등은 연구의 한계라 할 수 있다. 그러므로 향후 연구에서는 이를 보완하여 관련 연구를 지속적으로 수행하고자 한다.

Expansion of the police box system has to be prerequisite of resolution and improvement of several postulations. Otherwise, the same problems can be repeated. Therefore, this study attempts to propose measures of effective management of local police system by thoroughly examining prerequisites on extension of police stand system and its issues. The method of analysis is comparison with various problems presented in previous studies through analysis of contents of related media articles for the last one year. In addition, based on this, it attempts to seek for alternatives to the expected problems caused by extension of future police box system and measures of effective management. The study found that the problems of current police precinct office system are weakening capability of responding to crimes, separating from residents, increasing residents' anxiety, lacking service provision, managing government offices which are not appropriate for local states, and having difficulty with approach. This study enabled us to re-recognize that problems mentioned in previous studies are repeated as prerequisites for the police box system were analyzed, including reinforcing human resources, managing government offices considering local states of human resources, expanding budget, reinforcing equipment, establishing cooperative system between police boxes, and preparing measures to eradicate corruption of back-scratching alliances. Therefore, in the future, police should gradually expand the police box system after improving prerequisites which were mentioned above rather than expanding it impatiently in order to resolve criticisms. In addition, when only such prerequisites are improved, we will be able to prevent, in advance, from failing a system like police precinct office system and can re-establish police organization and systems which not only the members of the organization but also citizens can trust. However, there were limitations of this study, including the fact that contents analysis was not performed by various people, that it examined media reports in a short period time which was only for one year, and that it did not consider various variables such as the time of announcement of the media reports and frequency of them by press. Therefore, the author intends to continue to perform future studies in relation to the same topic by supplementing such limitations.

본 논문에서는 보안성이 강화된 CCTV 시스템을 위한 합성체 S-Box 기반 AES(Advanced Encryption Standard) 암호 프로세서 설계를 제안한다. 여기에서 제안한 방법은 기존의 S-Box 구현시 문제가 되었던 설계 면적 오버헤드(area overhead) 문제를 줄이기 위하여 합성체 Op_GF(22)2 기반의 개선된 S-Box를 설계한다. 또한, 제안한 합성체 S-Box를 이용하여 라운드 변환과정과 키 스케쥴러에 사용되는 S-Box를 공유하도록 설계하므로써 전체 설계 면적의 최적화된 암호 프로세서를 구현한다. 제안된 AES 암호 프로세서는 Verilog-HDL를 사용하여 구조적 모델링을 하였으며, Xilinx사의 ISE 14.7 툴을 이용하여 논리 합성을 수행하였다. 설계 검증을 위해 Modelsim 10.4a 툴을 이용하여 시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며, Xilinx FPGA xc3s1500L를 소자를 사용하여 하드웨어 동작을 검증하였다.

In this paper, we present the design of AES(Advanced Encryption Standard) crypto-processor based on the composite field S-Box for security CCTV system. In order to reduce area overhead which was problems for implementing the conventional S-Box, the modified S-Box is designed based on composite field Op_GF(22)2. In addition, using the designed S-box the optimized crypto-processor is implemented in FPGA by sharing round transformation with the key scheduler. The proposed AES crypto-processor is coded in Veilog-HDL, and a logic synthesis is also performed through the use of Xilinx ISE 14.7 tool, where FPGA Xilinx xc3s1500L is used as a target device. In order to verify the designed processor, timing simulation is also performed by using simulator, ModelSim 10.4a.

민생치안에 있어서 시민의 최일선 대민기관인 지구대와 파출소는 사회질서유지는 물론이고 시민친화적 대시민 서비스를 위해 그 기능과 역할 면에서 반드시 필요한 일선기관이다. 그러나 최근 대부분의 지구대가 파출소로 전환되면서 근무역량에 의문이 제기된 것도 사실이다. 그래서 이러한 지역경찰관서의 제도적 변화로 파생된 부족한 일시점 근무인원문제를 다각도로 연구 분석하여, 적합한 근무지원방안을 제시함으로써 시민에게 보다 안전하고 효과적인 양질의 치안서비스를 제공하고자 한다. 본 연구는 계급, 부서, 연령 등의 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 지원제도의 만족도, 지원제도의 효과성 인식, 치안서비스 향상도, 지원제도의 이해도, 지원제도 확대성 등과의 인식차이를 t 테스트와 ANOVA분석을 통해 분석하였고, 다중회귀분석을 통해 지원제도의 이해도와 확대성이 지원제도의 효과성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대하여 분석하였다. 우선 계급별, 연령별, 부서별 차이분석의 경우, 계급이 가장 낮은 순경이 가장 높은 만족도와 치안서비스 향상도를 보였고, 지원제도의 이해도는 순경에서부터 경위까지 계급이 올라갈수록 높은 이해도를 나타냈다. 연령의 경우 계급에 따른 차이분석 결과와 같이 젊은 20대가 만족도와 치안서비스 향상도에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, 확대성은 50대가 가장 높은 평균치를 보였다. 부서의 경우는 경찰서보다는 파출소에서 근무하는 경찰관이 지원제도의 만족도, 효과성 인식도, 치안서비스 향상도, 지원제도의 확대성 등에서 모두 높은 평균치를 보였다. 그리고 지원근무제도의 영향관계에 관한 다중회귀분석결과를 보면, 파출소 근무지원제도에 대한 이해도가 높을수록 근무지원제도의 만족도와 효과성 인식도 그리고 치안서비스 향상도가 정(+)의 방향으로 높아지며, 지원제도의 확대성(순찰 등에 국한 하지 않는 지원 범위, 초과근무의 적절성, 지원제도의 지속성)이 커질수록 역시 근무지원제도의 만족도, 효과성 인식도, 치안서비스 향상도에 정(+)의 방향으로 영향을 미친다는 결론을 얻을 수 있다. 따라서 경찰서 내근경찰관의 파출소 근무지원제도는 경찰인력 보충의 의미를 초월해서 효과적인 치안서비스 제공이라는 고품격 경찰활동의 분석적 근거를 제시한다고 볼 수 있다.

About the public security, the police division center and the police box as the forefront police agency for the citizens are essential for the maintenance of social order and police service of the citizens in terms of their function and role. However, recently most of the police division centers have been changed to the police boxes, so that it is also true that the question is raised in the working capacity Therefore, I would like to offer the effective high-quality police services to the citizens for the safety of the citizens, through analyzing and researching of way to supplement the personnel to meet the needs in the various angles. This study has been analyzed by using ANOVA and t-test to test the hypothesis that there will be differences in the satisfaction of support system and the perception of effectiveness of support system and the improvement of police security service and the understanding of support system, according to demographic characteristics such as rank, age, department, Moreover, in this paper, I have analyzed using the multiple regression analysis how the understanding and the expendibility of support system have an effect on the effectiveness of any support system. First of all, in the case of the difference analysis of the rank, age, department, the result of the analysis has shown that the policeman who has the lowest rank feels the highest satisfaction and improvement of police service, The higher the rank from the policeman to Inspector, the higher the understanding and the expendibility of support system. In the case of age, the police officers in their twenties showed the highest satisfaction and improvement of police security services like the result of the difference analysis for the rank. In the expendibility of support system, the police officers in their fifties showed the highest average. On the other hand, in the case of the police department, the police officers at the police box rather than the police officers working in the police station showed the highest average in every case such as the satisfaction of support system, the perception of effectiveness of support system, the improvement of police security service, the expendibility of support system. when I look at the results of the multiple regression analysis about the effects on the support system, the understanding and the expendibility of support system have a positive (+) effect on the satisfaction of support system and the perception of effectiveness of support system and the improvement of police security service at the same time. In conclusion, according to the result of the analysis like this, the support system for the police box by the desk police officers working in the police station proposes the analytic basis of the valuable police activities for the effective security service beyond the means of supplement of the police force.

The vehicle oriented block box system based on the u-healthcare and the human-free guard functions is developed in this paper. We also suggested the design philosophies, ideas, and analyzed the performance of the suggested system. The developed vehicle oriented black box system has some characteristics such as; 1) detects the dangerous situation by ultrasonic sensor in advance, and stores the situation information of the neighborhood of the vehicle to the imbedded SD memory card if the dangerous situation may be occurred in the parked vehicle; 2) detects the present location and speed information of the vehicle by GPS receiver and 3-axes acceleration sensor, and stores the information to the SD memory card periodically if the vehicle is running; 3) measures the dioxide carbon in the vehicle inside using $CO_2$ sensor, and forces the ventilation motor of the vehicle to operate and maintains the driver's health if the measured level is more than standard health requirements; 4) provides the stored vehicle's operating information to the driver by GUI (Graphical User Interface) based touch LCD monitor.

This article explores quasi-multiple clefts, where a DP/PP pivot always precedes an NP pivot. They are distinguished from multiple clefts by their fixed pivot word order. It is demonstrated that quasi-multiple clefts combine features of clefts and pseudoclefts in that the NP pivot is base-generated in Spec,CopP, but the DP/PP pivot moves from the VCC to Spec,CopP. I address the properties of quasi-multiple clefts by proposing theoretical aspects that Chomsky’s (2023) box system does not cover, thereby filling the gaps left by that system. I propose that the order of operations is reflected in the word order. I also claim that structurally identical elements in a cc-configuration are interpreted as copies, regardless of whether the highest copy is an EMed element or is pronounced as a result of Externalization followed by a phase head’s access to a box for instructions. Furthermore, multiple elements in the box are accessed collectively by a phase head, rather than individually. This can explain the free ride effect observed in quasi-multiple clefts.

This paper suggests the vehicle remote control on the basis of Smart Phone. In general, most smart phone is mounted with G-sensor to control the motion. G-sensor is able to control several directions and movements of velocity along with X, Y, and Z axis. To access remote location and data system, we can also utilize Wi-Fi communication as well as bluetooth communication. In this study, we propose the scheme that is the car management application by remote control via real-time monitoring on mobile device for user convenience.

비전 시스템은 카메라를 통하여 획득한 이미지 정보를 캡쳐 후, 이를 분석하여 물체를 인식하는 것으로서, 차종 분류를 포함 한 다양한 산업현장에서 사용하고 있다. 이런 필요성으로 인하여 차종 분류를 위한 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있으나 복잡한 계산과정으로 인하여 처리 시간이 많이 소요되는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 임베디드 시스템을 기반으로 하는 Vision Box를 설계하고 이를 사용한 차종인식 시스템을 제안하였다. 제안한 Vision Box의 성능을 자동차의 차종분류를 통한 사전 테스트 결과 최적 화된 환경 조건에서는 100%의 차종별 인식률을 보였으며, 조명 및 회전의 작은 변화에 따른 테스트에서 차종인식은 가능하였으나, 패턴점수가 낮아졌다. 제안한 Vision Box 시스템을 산업 현장에 적용한 결과 처리시간, 인식률 등에서 산업체의 요구 조건을 만족 할 수 있음을 확인할 수 일었다.

Vision system is an object recognition system analyzing image information captured through camera. Vision system can be applied to various fields, and automobile types recognition is one of them. There have been many research about algorithm of automobile types recognition. But have complex calculation processing. so they need long processing time. In this paper, we designed vision box based on embedded system. and suggested automobile types recognition system using the vision box. As a result of pretesting, this system achieves 100% rate of recognition at the optimal condition. But when condition is changed by lighting and angle, recognition is available but pattern score is lowered. Also, it is observed that the proposed system satisfy the criteria of processing time and recognition rate in industrial field.