Earticle

효과적인 비만 관리는 예방 의료의 중요한 요소이며, 특히 비만 환자에게 더욱 그러하다. 그러나 장기적인 체중 변 화 추세를 예측하는 신뢰할 수 있는 방법은 여전히 제한적이다. 본 연구에서는 생체 전기 임피던스 분석(BIA) 데이 터를 이용하여 체성분 기반 체중 예측을 위한 두 가지 새로운 접근 방식을 제안한다. 첫 번째 접근 방식은 지방량 (FM)과 제지방량(SLM)을 주요 입력 변수로 하는 통계적 선형 회귀 모델을 활용한다. 두 번째 접근 방식은 FM과 SLM 간의 관계를 기반으로 개인별 파라미터를 도출하기 위해 Forbes 이론을 통합한 ARIMA(Auto-regressive Integrated Moving Average) 모델을 사용한다. 45명의 참가자로부터 InBody 720 다중 주파수 BIA 시스템을 사용하여 6개월 동안의 종단적 체성분 데이터를 수집하여 약 300개의 데이터 포인트를 얻었다. 실험 결과, FM만 을 사용한 선형 회귀 모델이 0.999의 상관 계수와 0.57kg의 제곱근 평균 제곱 오차(RMSE)로 가장 높은 예측 성 능을 보였다. SLM을 사용한 회귀 모델과 FM 및 SLM을 사용한 ARIMA 기반 모델은 모두 0.998의 상관 계수를 나타냈으며, RMSE는 각각 0.7kg과 0.87kg이었다. 이러한 결과는 BIA 기반 데이터와 해석 가능한 모델링 기술 을 활용하여 비침습적이고 지속적인 체중 모니터링의 가능성을 입증한다. 제안된 프레임워크는 개인 맞춤형 건강 추 적 및 장기적인 비만 관리를 위한 실용적인 도구를 제시한다.

Effective obesity management requires reliable long-term weight change prediction. This study proposes two body composition-based weight prediction methods using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) data. The first uses linear regression with fat mass(FM) and soft lean mass(SLM). The second employs an ARIMA model integrating Forbes' theory for personalized parameters. Six-month longitudinal BIA data from 45 participants were analyzed. Results showed the FM-based linear regression model achieved the best performance(correlation=0.999, RMSE=0.57kg). SLM-based regression and ARIMA models also showed high correlations(0.998). These findings demonstrate the potential of BIA and interpretable models for non-invasive, continuous body weight monitoring and personalized obesity management.

체성분 분석은 다양한 질병의 진단, 예후 예측 및 치료 반응 평가에 중요한 역할을 한다. 특히 L3 요추 단면에서 피하지방, 내장지방, 골격근의 정량적 평가는 비만, 근감소증, 심혈관 질환 등과 밀접하게 연관되어 있다. 본 연구에 서는 VerSe 공개 데이터셋에 TotalSegmentator를 활용하여 자동 분할을 진행하였다. 자동 분할 후, ITK-SNAP 을 활용하여 과분할 및 누락 영역을 보정하였다. 예측 모델의 성능을 평가하기 위해 Dice 유사도 점수, 민감도, 특 이도 비교 및 Bland-Altman 분석을 수행하였다. 보정한 데이터로 학습한 모델이 보정하지 않은 데이터로 학습한 모델보다 Dice 유사도 점수 측면에서 피하지방, 골격근 부위에서는 높은 성능을 보였고, 조직이 아닌 부위의 분할 오류가 줄었다. 경량화 U-Net의 경우 기본 U-Net보다 Dice 유사도 점수와 특이도가 높았고, Bland-Altman 분 석에서 내장지방의 편향과 일치도 한계 폭이 줄었다. 결론적으로 TotalSegmentator로 자동 분할한 결과를 보정하 지 않고 사용해도 피하지방, 내장지방, 골격근 부위의 Dice 유사도 점수가 0.8이상이 나오지만, 성능을 더 높이고 관심 조직이 아닌 부위의 분할 오류를 줄이려면 보정한 데이터로 학습한 모델을 사용하는 것을 권장한다. 경량화 모 델도 분할 성능이 기본 모델 못지 않으므로 컴퓨팅 자원이 제한된 기기에서 사용을 권장한다.

Body composition analysis plays an important role in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring of various diseases. In particular, quantitative evaluation of subcutaneous fat, visceral fat, and skeletal muscle in the third lumbar vertebral cross section is closely related to obesity, sarcopenia, and cardiovascular disease. In this study, the VerSe computed tomography(CT) spine dataset was used, and automatic segmentation was performed using TotalSegmentator. After automatic segmentation, over- and under-segmented regions were manually corrected by using ITK-SNAP. For evaluation of the performance of prediction models, we performed comparisons of Dice similarity score, sensitivity, and specificity as well as Bland-Altman analysis. The model trained on corrected data achieved higher Dice similarity scores in the subcutaneous fat and skeletal muscle than the model trained on uncorrected data, and it resulted in reduction in segmentation errors outside the regions of interest. The lightweight U-Net produced higher Dice similarity scores than the standard U-Net, and it resulted in reductions of the bias and limits of agreement in the visceral fat in Bland- Altman analysis. In conclusion, the use of TotalSegmentator without correction of segmentation errors still produced Dice similarity scores higher than 0.8 in all three regions of interest, but if one wants to improve segmentation performance and reduce segmentation errors outside the regions of interest, we recommend training the models with corrected segmentation masks. We also recommend using lightweight U-Net models, which are on par with standard U-Net models, in the device with limited computing resources.

The purpose of this study is to examine the validity and reproducibility of impedance body fat measurement devices measuring the body com-position of Korean male and female adults using three bioelectrical im-pedance analyzers. We compared two methods for evaluating body composition: dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and bioelectri-cal impedance analysis (BIA). Subjects were 200 healthy adult Korean males and females whose mean±standard deviation (range) age, standing height, body weight, and body mass index (BMI) were 44.1±14.5 years, 172.8±7.4 cm, 76.0±12.8 kg, and 25.4±3.3 kg/m2, and 44.5±14.7 years, 158.7±5.8 cm, 58.3±8.3 kg, and 23.2±3.0 kg/m2, re-spectively. As a result, first of all, the reproducibility of the bioelectrical impedance analyzer had very high coefficients at r=0.998, r=0.997 be-tween men and women, respectively. The correlation coefficients among three comparisons for lean body mass (LBM) were provided the following coefficients: r=0.951 for DEXA vs. ACCUNIQ BC720, r=0.950 for DEXA vs. ACCUNIQ BC360, and r=0.946 for DEXA vs. ACCUNIQ BC380 in men. In the results for women, they also had the very high fol-lowing coefficients: r=0.956 for DEXA vs. ACCUNIQ BC720, r=0.946 for DEXA vs. ACCUNIQ BC360, and r=0.957 for DEXA vs. ACCUNIQ BC380 in LBM. In conclusion, this research showed a higher correlation in terms of accuracy compared to existing BIA-based body composition measurement techniques, and the accuracy of LBM was improved with high correlation coefficients through the algorithm that was improved using the multifrequency BIA method in the ACCUNIQ BC products.

This study was to evaluate the body composition and bone mineral density according to aging in adult and investigated the relationship between various parameters such as body mass index(BMI), bone mineral density(BMD), bone mineral content(BMC), lean body mass(LBM), fat mass(FM) and the value obtained from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA). The subjects were composed of healthy adult male and female who were $20^{\sim}73$ years old and they were divided three group according to age (A group : 20-39 yrs., B group : 40-59 yrs., C group : more than 60 yrs.). The conclusion derived from statistical analysis was as follows : 1. Bone mineral content and density were significantly affected by lean body mass(relatively, R=0.85 - 0.63). 2. There was significant difference among age groups in total bone mineral density. 3. There was significant difference among age groups in bone mineral content of male and female. 4. Lean body mass is diminished according to age, but there was not significant difference among age groups. 5. Fat mass of A group in male had the highest mass and followed by C group and B group. In female groups, fat mass of A group had the highest mass and followed by B group and C group. Abdominal fat mass is increased according to age. This result suggest that aging was closely relation with loss of muscle mass, bone mineral density and bone mineral content.

본 연구는 수학 과학 영재학생들로 구성된 Korea Science Academy 학생들의 신체 조성과 체력 및 신체적 자아개념 형성을 일반계 고등학교 학생들과 비교 분석하였다. KSA학생들은 3단계로 진행되는 창의적 문제해결력과 영재성판별 과정 및 과학캠프를 통과하여 2009학년도에 입학한 117명의 남학생들로 구성되었다. 비교그룹으로 참여한 일반 학생들은 서울, 경기를 포함한 전국 5개시도 지역에서 무선 추출 되었다. 2년간 사전 사후 측정 방식에 의한 공변량분석 결과 신장(p<.05)은 영재학생들이 일반학생들에 비해 유의하게 큰 반면, BMI(p<.05)와 PBF(p<.001)에서는 유의하게 낮았다. 신체적 자아개념 하위영역 중 외모(p<.05)와 근력(p<.05)자아개념은 영재학생들이 일반학생들에 비해 유의하게 낮았으며, 이러한 결과는 내적참조준거 모델과 Big fish Litter Fond Effect(BFLFE) 이론을 지지하는 것이다. 지구력 자아개념 요인에서는 영재학생들이 일반학생들보다 높았는데(p<.01), 이것이 높은 과제 집착력을 나타내는 영재들의 특성에기인한 것인지에 대해서는 미래 연구과제로 남아있다.

This study compared and analyzed body composition, physical fitness, and physical self-concept between gifted students in mathematics and science attending Korea Science Academy (KSA) and non-gifted students attending traditional high schools. The KSA students were 117 males who entered the school in 2009. As a control group, a total of 117 non-gifted students were randomly selected from 5 cities. The results of covariate analysis taken 2 year interval, pretest (2009) and posttest (2010), indicated that gifted students were significantly taller (p<.05) than non-gifted students, and were lower in BMI (p<.05) and PBF (p<.001). There was no significant difference in physical fitness between gifted and non-gifted students. But non-gifted students have a significantly higher self-concept in physical appearance (p<.05) and physical strength (p<.05). The internal/external frame of reference model and the Big Fish Little Pond Effect (BFLPE) theory were supported. Especially, gifted students were significantly higher (p<.01) in endurance self-concept than non-gifted students. We have discussion this result as the future research subject whether it come from the characteristics of the gifted's tenacity at high level tasks.

PURPOSE: This study conducted aA forward-looking study of elite water polo athletes, who trained at National Training Center, was conducted to determine the correlation between the incidence of sports injuries and the bone density among national water polo players. METHODS: Data on the general characteristics of all study subjects were analyszed usingin descriptive statistics. The incidence of sports injuries was calculated from the incidence of sports injuries per 1,000 hours and the incidence of sports injuries resulting from exposure to 1,000 training sessions. The incidence of all sports injuries was calculated with a 95% confidence interval. Furthermore, Pearson's correlation was calculated conducted to determine the correlation between sports injuries and bone density, bone mass and body composition. RESULTS: Water polo athletes suffered a total of 127 sports injuries in the three-year period, while the athletes suffered 3.5 sports injuries each year. The Ooverall injury rate of 3.2(95% CI 2.68-3.81) per 1,000h, 18.0(15% CI 14.89-21.16) of sports injuries per 1,000AE. For all athletes, 50.4% of the injuries were classified as mild, followed by moderate (26.8%) and severe (22.8%). The lower the bone density in all areas of sports injuries, the higher the incidence of sports injuries. In addition, and the lower the bone mass in all areas except for light injuries, the higher the incidence of sports injuries. CONCLUSION: In tThe correlation between sports injuries and bone density and bone composition of water polo athletes, revealed a significant correlation between the bone density and bone mass were statistically significant, and the lower the bone density and bone mass, the higher the incidence of sports injuries.

이 연구는 신체활동 수준 분류에 따른 중년기 남성 및 젊은 남성들을 대상으로 신체조성, 근성장지표 및 대사증후 군 위험인자를 비교분석하여 신체활동 수준에 따른 근성장의 가능성과 질환의 위험성을 동시에 평가하고자 수행되었다. 연구의 대상자로 국제신체활동설문(IPAQ)에 따른 비활동 중년남성 8명(MANG), 최소한의 활동 중년남성 8명(MAAG), 최소한의 활동 젊은남성 8명(YAAG)을 모집하였으며, 신체조성, IGF-1, MSTN, Glucose, HDL-C, TG를 일원분산분 석을 통해 집단별로 비교분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 신체조성은 집단별 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 둘째, 근성장지표는 IGF-1에서 MAAG, YAAG가 MANG보다 높았으며, MSTN은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 셋째, 대사증후군 위험인자는 Glucose에서 MAAG가 MANG보다 낮았으며, HDL-C는 YAAG가 MANG보다 높았다. TG는 YAAG가 MANG보다 유의하게 낮았다. 요약하면, 최소한의 활동은 중년남성의 신체조성에 변화를 주기에는 부족하지만 근성장 가능성을 높여주고 혈당 조절에 기여하여 당뇨와 같은 대사질환의 발병 위험을 낮출 수 있음이 확인되었다.

This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of muscle growth and the risk of disease simultaneously by comparing body composition, muscle growth indices, and metabolic syndrome risk factors in middle-aged and young men according to physical activity level classification. The subjects of the study were 8 middle age non-activity group (MANG), 8 middle age activity group (MAAG), and 8 young age activity group (YAAG) according to the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). Body composition, IGF-1, MSTN, glucose, HDL-C, and triglyceride evaluated for all subjects were compared and analyzed by group using one-way ANOVA, and the following results were obtained. There was no significant difference in body composition between groups. In the muscle growth factor, MAAG and YAAG were higher than MANG in IGF-1, and MSTN showed no significant difference. In terms of metabolic syndrome risk factors, MAAG was lower than MANG in glucose and YAAG was higher than MANG in HDL-C. TG was significantly lower in YAAG than MANG. In summary, it was confirmed that minimal activity is not enough to change the body composition of middle-aged men, but it can increase the possibility of muscle growth and contribute to blood sugar control, thereby reducing the risk of developing metabolic diseases such as diabetes.

본 연구에서는 사이클 국가대표 후보선수의 종목별 신체구성과 무산소성 파워를 비교 분석하였다. 본 연구를 위해 서 2017년 사이클 국가대표 후보선수 동계합숙훈련에 선발된 남자선수 총 25명(남자 단거리 11명, 남자 중장거리 14명) 을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 대상자들의 신체구성(신장, 체중, 제지방량, 체지방률)과 무산소성 파워(윈게이트 테스트) 를 검사하여 측정된 자료들은 t-test를 실시하여 분석하였다. 연구결과를 살펴보면, 신체구성에서 체중과 제지방량에서 단거리 선수가 중장거리 선수들보다 유의하게 높았고(p<.05), 무산소성 파워에서는 절대최대파워, 절대평균파워, 절대 최소파워에서 단거리 선수들의 측정결과가 높게 나타나고 그룹간의 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). 또한, 무산소성파 워의 구간별 결과에서는 1구간 절대파워, 상대파워, 페달링에서 그룹간에 유의한 차이가 나타났고(p<.05), 2구간과 3구 간에서는 절대파워만 그룹간의 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). 따라서 본 연구의 자료를 토대로 종목별 경기력과 관련 된 파워 능력을 비교하고 훈련프로그램을 개발 및 반영하여 사이클 선수들의 경기력 향상에 도움이 되는 기초자료로 제공 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

This study compared and analyzed the body composition and anaerobic power among cycling national prospective team athletics. The participants were 25 cyclists consisting of sprinting athletes(11 men) and endurance athletes(14 men) and selected as cycling national prospective team athletics in the winter training camp in 2017. Body composition, such as height, weight, fat free mass, body fat mass and anaerobic power tested by Wingate test of the athletes were measured and an independent t-test was used as the analyzing method for the data collected. The results showed that the weight, fat free mass of sprinting athletes were significantly higher than endurance athletes.(p<.05) when it comes to the body composition. There was a significant difference in the test result between two subject groups in terms of anaerobic power. The result indicated that the peak power for the sprinting athletes was higher at their maximum power, average power, minimum power as well. In the result at each stage of the anaerobic power, it was shown that there was a meaningful difference with peak power, relative peak power and rpm in the 1st stage whereas there was a prominent distinction between the groups only in peak power in the 2nd and 3rd stage. Therefore, it is considered that the results and conclusions of this study will be able to be used as a fundamental information in order to improve performances of cyclists upon comparing the power related to performances of each disciplines and developing training programs.

본 연구에서는 사이클 청소년대표선수의 신체구성과 등속성 근기능 및 무산소성 파워를 비교 분석하였다. 본 연구 를 위해 경기력이 우수한 2019년 청소년대표선수 중 단거리 15명(남9명, 여6명) 및 중장거리 18명(남12명, 여6명) 총 33명의 선수를 연구대상으로 선정하여 신체구성(신장, 체중, 체지방량, 체지방률, 제지방량, 골격근비율), 등속성 근 기능(60°/sec, 180°/sec), 무산소성 파워(윈게이트검사)를 측정하였다. 측정된 자료 분석방법은 독립 t-test와 일원 변량분석(one-way ANOVA)을 이용하여 실시하였다. 연구결과를 살펴보면, 신장, 체중, 제지방량, 골격근 비율은 단거 리와 중장거리에서 남자 선수들이 여자 선수들보다 유의하게 높았고(p < .05), 하지의 최대 근력(peak torque)은 우측과 좌측의 최대 신근력과 굴근력에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며(p < .05), 하지의 평균 파워(average power)는 우측과 좌측 신근과 굴근에서 역시 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p < .05). 또한, 무산소성 최대파워와 평균파워는 그룹 간에 유의한 차이를 보였다(p < .05). 따라서 본 연구의 자료를 토대로 경기력과 관련된 체력요인을 향상 시킬 수 있는 종목별 훈련프로그램을 계획하고 수행한다면, 향후 선수들의 경기력 향상에 도움이 될 수 있는 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

This study compared and analyzed the body composition, isokinetic muscle function, and anaerobic power among youth cycling national team players. The participants were 33 cyclists who were selected as youth national team in 2019 consisting of short-distance(9 men, 6 women) and mid-range(12 men, 6 women) players. height, weight, body fat mass, body fat percentage, lean body mass, skeletal muscle ratio, isokinetic muscle function (60°/sec, 180°/sec), and anaerobic power (Wingate test) were measured. As for the method of analyzing the measured data, an independent t-test and one-way ANOVA were used. The results showed that the height, weight, lean body mass, and skeletal muscle ratio were significantly higher in male and female athletes at short and medium distances(p < .05). There was a significant difference in muscle strength and flexion strength(p < .05), and the average power of the lower extremity(p < .05). The anoxic maximum power and the average power showed significant differences between groups(p < .05). Therefore, based on the data of this study, if a training program for each event that can improve the fitness factors related to performance is planned and executed, it is considered that it can be used as a basic data that can help improve the performance of athletes in the future.

본 연구 목적은 20대 비만 여성에서 6주간의 복합운동 적용 시 신체구성변화가 균형능력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였다. 자발적 참여의사를 밝힌 20대 비만 여성 21명을 Control(no exercise, n=7), Group Ⅰ(aerobic, n=7), Group Ⅱ(combined, n=7)으로 무작위 배정하여 매회 50분간 1주일에 5회 총 6주간 시행하였다. 운동 전, 후 및 측정시기에 따른 세 집단 간 신체구성과 균형변화를 SPSS 18.0 ver.을 이용하여 통계분석 하였다. 연구결과, 운동 전에 비해 Group Ⅰ, Ⅱ는 체중과 체지방률이 감소하였고, Group Ⅱ에서만 근육량의 증가와 체질량 지수가 감소하였다(p<0.05). 균형변화는 Group Ⅱ에서 정적, 동적균형 모두 향상하였으나, Group Ⅰ은 정적균형만 향상하였다(p<0.05). 따라서, 복합운동프로그램은 신체구성 변화와 근육량 증가를 유발시켜 균형능력 향상에 긍정 적 효과를 나타낸 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of changes in body composition due to combined exercise on balance of the 20’ obese women. Based on voluntary participation, 21 obese women in twenties were randomly divided into : Control(no exercise, n=7), GroupⅠ (aerobic exercise 50 minutes, n=7), Group 2 (combined exercise 50 minutes, n=7). All groups conducted allocated program five times a week for six weeks. At post and pre-experiment and at the time of each measurement, changes of body composition and balance among the three groups were statistically analyed using SPSS 18.0 ver. Compared to pre-experiment, Group Ⅰ, Ⅱ showed decrease of weight and body fat rate, but Group Ⅱ showed both increase of muscle mass and decrease of body mass index(p<0.05). In balance ability, Group Ⅱ showed improvement of static and dynamic balance, meanwhile Group Ⅰ showed only improvement of static balance. Therefore, this research showed that combined exercise had positive effects on balance by increasing muscle mass and changing body composition.

본 연구의 목적은 모델전공 여대생과 일반 여대생의 신체조성 및 기초체력을 비교분석 하는데 있다. 본 연 구의 취지를 충분히 설명하고 자발적 참여의 동의서를 작성한 D대학교의 모델전공 여대생 15명과 일반 여대생 15명 이었으며, 과거병력과 현재 특별한 질환이 없고, 규칙적인 운동경험이 없는 자들로 구성하였다. 이들은 신체조성검사 및 기초체력검사인 좌·우악력, 배근력, 유연성, 순발력, 근지구력을 실시하여 평균 표준편차를 산출하기 위하여 기술 통계를 실시하였고, 집단 간 차이 검증은 independent t-test를 이용하여 분석하였다. 통계적 유의수준은 p<.05로 설정 하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 모델전공 여대생과 일반 여대생의 체중, 골격근, 체지방량, BMI 및 좌·우악력 및 배근력, 순발력에서 집단 간 유의(p.<05)한 차이를 보였으며, 유연성 및 근지구력은 집단 간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>.05).

This research aimed at comparative analysis of body composition and basic physical strength of model majored female college students and general female college students. The research object was composed of 15 model majored female college students of D University, who learned the purpose of this research enough and wrote the consent form of voluntary participation and 15 general female college students, who have no medical history and currently no special disease, and no experience in regular exercise. They underwent body composition inspection, left·right grasping power which is the basic physical strength, back muscle strength, flexibility, rapidity, muscle endurance, and the researcher performed descriptive statistics to calculate the average standard deviation, and analyzed to verify difference between groups by using independent t-test. With statistical significance level p<.05, the results are as follows. model majored female college students and general female college students showed meaningful difference between groups in weight, skeletal muscles, body fat volume, BMI and left·right grasping power, back muscle strength, rapidity(p<.05). between groups in flexibility and muscle endurance(p>.05)

The purpose of this study was to compare of body composition, physical fitness high school and collegiate to competition level in Taekwondo players. For this study, researcher divided 80 high school players and 80 collegiate players into three groups(lightweight group, middle weight group, and heavy weight group) and measured them on 12 items of physical fitness. The conclusions were as follows. In the light -weight group, the physical fitness of collegiate Taekwondo players superior to high school players for strength, power, endurance, agility, flexibility and balance. In the middle -weight group, the physical fitness of collegiate Taekwondo players superior to high school players for strength, power, endurance, agility, flexibility and balance. In the heavy group, the physical fitness of collegiate Taekwondo players superior to high school players for strength, power, agility and balance. The factors of power, strength, agility and flexibility were extracted in high school Taekwondo players and the factors of agility, power and endurance were extracted in collegiate Taekwondo players. Therefore, program coordinator should be intensified agility and endurance training scientifically for collegiate Teakwondo players and the development of Taekwondo competition.

The purpose of this study was to investigate a cross-sectional research of body compositions and fitness of participants in a sports facility. The subjects of this study were divided into control(male n=70, female n=37), health(HE, male n=80, female n=50), and swimming(SW, male n=53, female n=25) group as their participating exercise type. Anthropometry, body composition test, blood pressure, and physical fitness test were measured. In the males, fat free mass was higher, and fat ratio, and resting heart rate were lower in both exercise group than control group. And cardiovascular fitness and muscle strength were higher in SW than control group. In the females, fat free mass was higher in both exercise group than control group. HE showed lower resting heart rate and higher aerobic fitness and muscle strength compare to control group. And there were no significant differences between SW and HE group in body composition and fitness factors. Cardiovascular and muscular fitness were related with FFM positively, and fat ratio inversely. The university students who are participated in sports facility regularly had improved body composition and the male of SW group, and the female of HE group had higher fitness level than non-exerciser.

본 연구는 성별에 따른 성인 비만남성 87명과 비만여성 73명을 대상으로 이중에너지흡수계측기(DEXA)법을 준거로 적용하여 국내에서 새로 개발된 ACCUNIQ BC720과 ACCUNIQ BC380 신체구성 측정기를 통해 성별에 따른 체지방율(%bodyfat)의 재현성과 타당성을 규명하고자 하였으며, 본 연구에서 얻은 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 비 만남성의 %bodyfat에서 r=0.999, 비만여성의 %bodyfat에서는 r=0.998로 급내상관계수가 높은 수준을 나타내어 반 복 실험에 대한 신뢰도를 확보할 수가 있었다. 둘째, 비만남성들의 DEXA %bodyfat과 ACCUINQ BC720 %bodyfat의 상관계수는 r= .847, ACCUINQ BC380 %bodyfat과의 상관계수는 r= .840으로 나타났고, 비만여성들의 DEXA %bodyfat과 ACCUINQ BC720 %bodyfat의 상관계수는 r= .847, ACCUINQ BC380 %bodyfat과의 상관계수는 r= .824로 나타났다. 또한 남성과 여성 모두 집단간의 상관관계에서도 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 결론적 으로 다중 주파수 생체전기저항법(BIA)을 이용하여 개선된 ACCUNIQ BC 제품을 통해 %bodyfat의 정확도에 있어 높 은 상관계수로 정확도를 향상시켰다. 따라서 체지방량이 많은 비만자나 지방의 밀도에 차이가 있는 노인들에게 있어서 운동트레이닝 관련 현장에서 객관적인 신체구성을 평가할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reproducibility of percent body fat (%bodyfat) with the ACCUNIQ BC720 and ACCUNIQ BC380 body composition measuring instrument based on the dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) method in 87 obese men and 73 obese women according to gender. Base on the results that the correlation coefficient was high reproducibility in %bodyfat of obese men r= 0.999 and r= 0.998 in %bodyfat of obese women. And the correlation coefficients between DEXA %bodyfat and ACCUINQ BC720 %bodyfat of obese men were r= .847 and ACCUINQ BC380 %bodyfat was r= .840. Also the correlation coefficients between DEXA %bodyfat and ACCUINQ BC720 %bodyfat of obese women were r= .847 and ACCUINQ BC380 %bodyfat was r= .824. In conclusion, we improved the accuracy of %bodyfat accuracy with high correlation coefficient through improved ACCUNIQ BC product using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Therefore, it is expected that the obese people with high fat mass and the elderly people with different fat density will be able to evaluate the objective body composition in the field of exercise training.

본 연구는 트레이닝 기간에 따른 신체구성 및 건강체력 요소의 변화에 대해 알아보고자 퍼스널 트레이닝 경험이 없는 30∼40대 일반인 남ㆍ여 21명을 대상으로 주 2회, 12주 동안 퍼스널 트레이닝을 실시하였으며 총 4회(트레이닝 전, 4주차, 8주차, 12주차)에 걸쳐 신체구성(체중, 골격근량, 체지방량, 체지방률, BMI)과 건강체력(근력, 근지구력, 유 연성, 심폐지구력)을 측정하였다. 기간이 경과함에 따라 각각의 신체구성 및 건강 체력 요소별 변화양상을 파악하기 위해 일원변량분석(one-way 4(RM) ANOVA)을 실시하였고 사후검증을 위하여 Bonferroni를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과 를 얻었다. 신체구성 성분 중 체중, 체지방량, 체지방률 그리고 BMI는 4주 간격으로 12주 동안 유의하게 감소하였고 골격 근량은 0주차와 4주차에 비슷하게 유지되다가 8주차 이후부터 유의하게 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 건강체력 요소 중 근력(배근력)은 12주차부터 유의하게 증가하였고 근지구력(윗몸일으키기)은 4주차와 8주차에 유의하게 증가하였다. 유연성(앉아 윗몸 앞으로 굽히기)은 4주차에 유의하게 증가한 후 8주차와 12주차에는 항정상태를 보였고 심폐지구력 (하버드 스텝 테스트)은 8주차부터 유의하게 증가하였다. 따라서 12주간의 트레이닝은 체지방 감소에 효과적임을 확인 할 수 있었으나, 골격근량을 증가시키기에는 충분하지 않았으며 건강체력 중 근지구력과 유연성이 근력과 심폐지구력보 다 먼저 유의하게 향상되어 골격근량과 근력을 증가시키기 위해서는 좀 더 오랜 시간이 필요함을 발견하였다.

In this study, 21 male and female in 30s and 40s who had no experience in personal training before were participated and performed twice a week for 12 weeks to analyze changes of body composition and health-related physical fitness factors over the training period. Body composition (weight, skeletal muscle mass, body fat, BMI) and health-related physical fitness factors (muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and cardiopulmonary endurance)were measured over a total of four (week before training, week 4, week 8, week 12). Over time, one-way 4(RM) ANOVA was performed to identify changes in each body composition and health-related fitness factors, and Bonferroni was conducted for post-verification to achieve the following conclusions. Weight, fat mass, %body fat, and BMI showed significant reductions for 12 weeks at intervals of four weeks. The skeletal muscle mass was maintained similar from 0 to 4th week and significantly reduced after 8th week. Muscular strength increased significantly from 12th week. Muscular endurance increased significantly from the 4th and 8th week. Flexibility increased significantly from the 4th week and showed steady state from the 8th to 12th week. Cardiopulmonary endurance increased significantly from 8th week. Therefore, 12 weeks of training duration was effective to reduce body weight, fat mass, % body fat, BMI, muscular endurance and flexibility but to increase muscle mass, muscular strength, and cardiopulmonary endurance requires longer duration.

본 연구의 목적은 성인 남녀들을 대상으로 성별에 따른 근 성장인자와 신체구성 및 체력요인의 변화에 대한 상관관 계를 분석하여 노화예방을 위한 연령대별 운동 프로그램 구성에 도움이 될 수 있는 기초자료를 제공하는데 있다. 20-70 대 성인남자 54명, 성인여자 54명 총 108명을 대상으로 측정․분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 성별에 따른 IGF-1과 신체구성 간의 상관분석에서는 여성들의 경우 나이, 수축기혈압, 신장 및 WHR과 그리고 남성들은 나이, 수축기혈압, 신장 및 골격근량과 유의한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째로, 성별에 따른 IGF-1과 체력요인 간의 상관분석에서는 남녀모두 최대산소섭취량, 악력, 각근력, 체전굴, 서전트 및 윗몸일으키기와 유의한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 높은 수준의 IGF-1의 확보는 혈관내피 및 지질대사에 긍정적인 작용을 함으로써 대사성 증후군 지표 중에 하나인 혈압 및 WHR 감소뿐 만 아니라 체력을 증가시키기 위해 필수적인 근육량 확보 등 다양한 상호작용효과 가 있으므로 건강한 일상생활 및 노화예방에 매우 중요하다고 생각한다.

The purpose of this study was conducted to investigate the correlation of muscle growth factors, body composition, and physical fitness factors according to gender in adult men and women. For adults in their 20s and 70s, 54 adult men and 54 adult women were measured and analyzed. The results of this study are as follows. First, the correlation analysis of IGF-1 and body composition according to gender showed that there was a significant correlation between age, systolic blood pressure, height and WHR in females, and age, systolic blood pressure, height and skeletal muscle mass in males. Second, the correlation analysis between IGF-1 and physical fitness according to gender showed that both males and females had a significant correlation with maximum oxygen intake, grip strength, leg strength, sit and reach, sargent jump, and sit-up. The above results suggested that high level of IGF-1 is very important for healthy daily life and prevention of aging because it has various interaction effects such as decreased blood pressure and WHR, which are one of the indicators of metabolic syndrome, as well as increased muscle mass, which is essential to increase physical strength.

The purpose of this study was to examine how elementary students’ physique, physical fitness, and body composition change each stage of their physical development. For this purpose, 180 elementary school students (1­6 grades) were compared and analyzed. Using the data, mean (M), standard deviation (SD), and the F value were extractedand one-way ANOVA was implemented to examine difference between ages. In result of the one-way ANOVA, significant differences were post-examined by Scheffe. The significance level of all statistics was α<.05. The following lists the conclusion of this comparative analysis: First, in result of the comparative analysis, there was significant difference between male and female students in both weight and height (physique categories). This tells us that male students grow in height first and then in weight, whereas female students grow in both height and weight at the same time. Second, both male and female students showed significant growth in the categories of physical fitness 50m track, sit-ups, long jump, 1,000m track, and crunch-ups. However, their overall physical fitness has decreased compared to the past. Considering that students increase in body fat rather than body muscles, the reason of it would be students’ reducing hours of physical activities or improper eating habits. Third, there was a significant difference between male and female students in body composition such as moisture content in cells, moisture content outside cells, protein, minerals, and body fat. This is probably because proper development has constantly increased students’ height and weight. In case of male students, body fat generally increases as they grow, but body fat around the abdomen area stays consistent. This means that their body fat accumulates in areas other than the abdomen area. For female students, body fat decreases from 5th grade to 6th grade, probably because this is when they gain interests in appearance and body figure. Fourth, it was found that male students gain strength in arms and legs and female students gain strength in right legs. However, male students tend to lose strength in arms and legs as they grow. It is probably because lack of physical activities and excess calorie intake accumulates more body fat compared to body muscles. Female students also lost physical fitness in lower bodies, because they are not using their legs as much as male students do and are accumulating more body fat in the lower body than they are in upper body. As proven above, elementary students’ physique is becoming taller and heavier, but their physical fitness, and body composition (obesity), and balance have worsened.