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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of diaphragm and deep abdominal muscle exercise (DDAME) on walking ability (WA) and balance ability (BA) in subjects with hemiplegia due to stroke. Study subjects consisted of twenty patients diagnosed with hemiplegia due to stroke. They were randomized into a control group (CG) (n=10) that performed traditional exercise and an experimental group (EG) (n=10) that performed DDAME. The WA was measured using the 10-m walking test (10MWT) and 6-min walk test (6MWT). The BA was measured us-ing the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and Berg’s balance scale (BBS). Paired t-test was performed to compare differences within the groups before and after intervention. The analysis of covariance was per-formed to compare the differences between the EG and CG. The level of significance was set at α=0.05. Within-group changes in 10MWT and 6MWT were significantly different in both the EG (P<0.05) and CG (P<0.05). There was significantly more improvement in the 10MWT and 6MWT in the EG than in the CG (P<0.05). Within-group changes in TUG and BBS were significantly different in both the EG (P<0.05) and the CG (P<0.05). There was significantly more improvement in TUG and BBS in the EG than in the CG (P<0.05). DDAME program, with diaphragm and inspiratory muscle strengthening exercises, is needed for patients ex-periencing difficulty in WA, BA, trunk asymmetry, abnormal alignment, mobility of trunk muscles, power, or endurance decline.

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of visual feedback-based eccentric pulley training (EPT) on static and dynamic balance in patients with low back pain (LBP). Methods: A total of 54 participants were randomly divided into three groups: 18 in the visual feedback-based EPT (VF-EPT) group, 18 in the EPT group, and 18 in the eccentric training (ET) group. The VF-EPT group performed pulley eccentric training with visual feedback; the EPT group received pulley eccentric training without visual feedback; and the ET group performed eccentric training only, without visual feedback or a pulley. All groups trained for 30 minutes per session, three times per week for four weeks. Static balance was assessed using the Single-Leg Standing Test (SLST), and dynamic balance was assessed using the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). Results: Balance ability improved significantly only in the VF-EPT group (p < 0.05), and significant between-group differences were also observed (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that visual feedback-based eccentric pulley training may be effective in improving both static and dynamic balance in patients with LBP.

The purpose of this study is to strengthen a function of muscles near ankle joints and to show a method of exercising the muscles injured. The subjects were divided into 3 groups such as, AIREX group(n = 81, Air cushion group(n = 8), Posturomed group(n = 8) from healthy student in Kwangju Health college. During the training, these subjects putted their weights with recessiveness leg, and they put their arms on their chests, kept flexing their knee joints and their hip joints 90 degrees of an angle for 10 seconds. We carried out the traing 10 times a set, 3 sets a day and 5 times a week. We checked the balance ability before and after the training and compared the muscle activity with sEMG. Groups applied AIREX, Aircushion, Posturomed had differences according to the balance ability. We compared the muscle activity of muscles near ankle joints so we can be aware of that tibialis anterior was decreased at AIREX, tibialis posterior was decreased at Air cushion, peroneus longus was decreased at Posturomed. gastro- nemius's muscle activity was increased altogether at a foothold by an operation of flexion of knee joints. Doing balance training at an unstable foothold can have an effect on strenthening the muscles near ankle joints and increasing the balance ability by stimulating the proprioceptor.

The purpose of this study were to determine the relationship between balance ability and visual perception ability in health elderly. Twenty healthy elderly who live in Wonju City participated in three tests (Berg Balance Test, One-Legged Stance Test, Motor-free Visual Perception Test). Collected data were analyzed by the independent t-test and Pearson test. The study results showed a significant relationship between dynamic balance ability and visual perception ability (p < 0.01). Dynamic balance ability and visual perc-eption ability were significantly better in men than in women (p < 0.05, p< 0.01).

본 연구는 밸런스워킹PT 운동과 일반 운동의 운동 프로그램 전ㆍ후, 정적자세변인, 보행변인, 정적균형 변인을 비 교․분석하여 그 효과성을 검증하고 신체활동으로 국민건강을 위한 올바른 운동법 지도를 위한 기초자료를 제시하고자 실시하였다. 이를 위해 G지역 20대 남자 대학생 60명을 대상으로 실험군30명, 비교군30명으로 나누었으며, 운동 전과 후를 GaitView AFA-50(alFOOTs, Korea) 장비를 이용하여 족저압검사, 보행검사, 균형능력검사를 실시하였다. 분석 변인은 정적자세변인, 보행변인, 정적균형변인을 분석하였으며, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 밸런스워킹PT 운동프로그 램을 실시한 집단에서는 정적자세변인(좌ㆍ우, 전ㆍ후) 족부 압력 비율에서 일반운동그룹에 비해 보다 적절한 균형 분포 능력을 보여주었다. 그리고 보행변인에서는 밸런스워킹PT그룹이 보간에서 개선 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 정 적 균형 능력에서도 밸런스워킹PT그룹이 일반운동그룹에 비해 중심이동의 궤적이 더 많이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

This study compares and analyzes the static posture variables, gait variables, and static balance variables before and after the exercise program of the Balance Walking PT group (experimental group) and the general exercise group (comparative group). The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for teaching the correct exercise method for national health. For this purpose, a total of 60 subjects were divided into 30 experimental groups and 30 comparative groups, and the plantar pressure test, gait test, and balance test were performed using the GaitView AFA-50(alFOOTs, Korea) equipment before and after exercise. The analysis variables were static posture variables, gait variables, static equilibrium variables, and the following conclusions were obtained. The group who performed the Balance Walking PT exercise program showed more appropriate balance distribution ability in the static posture variables (left, right, before and after) than the general exercise group. In walking variables, the Balance Walking PT group showed improvement in walking interpolation. In addition, the balance walking ability group showed more reduction in the trajectory of the center movement than the general exercise group person.

이 연구는 PNF 통합패턴 트레이닝이 하키선수들의 균형능력 및 기능적 능력에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위 해 연구대상자를 28명(대조군 14명과 실험군 14명)을 무선 배정하였으며, 실험군에서 총 12주간 주 3회, 하루 60분 동안 PNF 통합패턴 트레이닝을 실시하였다. 각 군은 사전, 6주 후, 12주 후에 전산화밸런스시스템을 이용하여 균형 능력을 측정하였으며, 기능적 능력은 카리오카, 셔틀런 능력을 측정하였다. 이상의 측정값을 통계학적 검정을 위해 반복측정분산분석으로 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 균형능력을 비교한 결과, 눈감고 양발로 지지하면서 선 자세에서 실험군의 전-후, 움직임 영역에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). 눈감고 오른발로 지지하면서 선 자세 에서 실험군의 전-후, 내-외 및 움직인 영역 모두에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). 또한 동적 균형능력에서 실험 군의 전-후, 움직인 거리에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). 운동수행관련 기능적 능력을 비교한 결과, 실험군의 셔 틀런 능력에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). 이상의 결론을 통해 하키선수들에게 적용한 PNF 통합패턴의 대칭적 인 트레이닝을 통해 하키선수들의 균형능력이 향상되었다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 이를 통해 운동학적 기능이 향상 된 것으로 판단되어 하키선수들의 경기력 향상을 위한 트레이닝 방법으로 적극 권장되어져야 된다고 사료된다.

This study was performed to examine effects of PNF combined pattern training on balance ability and functional ability of hockey players. In order to achieve this purpose, total 28 participants were separated into two group: 14 comparison group and 14 experiment group, and the experiment group performed PNF combined pattern training for 12 week, 3 times a week, 60 minutes a day. Each group was measured beforehand, after 6 week and 12 week. balance ability was measured using GOOD BALANCE system and functional ability was measured using carioca and shuttle-run test. For statistically verifying above measured values, repeated measure analysis of variance was analyzed and have following results. As the comparing results of balance ability, normal standing eye close(NSEC) was ant-post and velocity moment of experiment group showed significant differences(p<.05). And one leg right eye close(OLREC) was ant-post, med-lat and velocity moment of experiment group showed significant differences (p<.05). Also, dynamic balance ability was ant-post and velocity moment of experiment groups showed significant differences(p<.05). As the comparing results of functional ability, shuttle-run of experiment group sowed significant differences(p<.05). From above results, balance ability of hockey players was shown to be improved through symmetric training of PNF combined pattern applied to hockey players, and it can be considered that this is actively recommended for training method to improve athletic performance of hockey players.

본 연구는 엘리트 대학교 투기종목 선수 40명을 대상으로 경기력 향상과 상해 예방 요인으로 알려진 정적 및 동 적 균형능력과 중력중심조절능력을 비교･분석하기 위하여 실시하였다. 연구의 피험자는 신체가 건강한 대학교 투기종 목 선수들을 대상으로 A집단(레슬링, n=10), B집단(복싱, n=10), C집단(유도, n=10), D집단(태권도, n=10)으로 분류하였다. 정적균형능력은 눈뜨고 외발서기로 측정하였으며, 동적균형능력 및 중력중심조절능력은 Biodex Balance System(Biodex U.S.A)을 이용하여 측정하였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 모든 자료들은 Window용 SPSS/PC 21.O 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 기술 통계치(Mean, SD)를 산출하였고 집단 간 유의한 차이가 있을　경우, 사후 검증은 LSD(least significant difference)를 이용하였으며 이때 모든 통계적 유의수준은 α=.05로 설정하였다. 연구결과 주 측 외발서기에서 C집단이 B집단에 비해 높게 나타났고, 비주측 외발서기에서는 A, C, D집단이 B집단에 비해 높게 나타 났다. 동적균형능력 1단계 비주측 내외균형능력에서 B, C, D집단이 A집단에 비해 낮게 나타났다. 중력중심조절능력 후 방(Backward)에서 C집단이 A, B, D집단에 비해 높게 나타났다. 결론적으로 정적 및 동적 균형능력, 중력중심조절능 력은 종목 간 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 보다 많은 피험자를 대상으로 성별과 연령에 따른 정적 및 동적 균형능력과 중력중심조절능력을 연구해야 할 것으로 생각된다.

This study was conducted to compare and analyze the static and dynamic balance ability and the center of gravity control ability, which are known as performance improvement factors as well as injury prevention factors, in 40 elite combat sports athletes. The subjects of the study were classified as group A(Wrestling, n=10), group B(Boxing, n=10), group C(Judo, n=10), and group D(Tae Kwon Do, n=10) among the healthy combat athletes of the university. Static balance ability was measured with eyes open with one leg stand, and dynamic balance and center of gravity control ability were measured using the Biodex Balance System (Biodex U.S.A). As a result, the C group showed higher level than the B group in the one leg stand of the dominant side A, C, and D groups were higher than B group in the non-dominant side. Dynamic balance ability B, C, and D groups were lower than the A group in the 1st stage non-dominant side inner and outer balance ability. In the backward direction of the center of gravity control, the C group was higher than the A, B, and D groups. In conclusion, static and dynamic balance ability and gravity centering ability were found to be significantly different among the sports events. In the future, it will be necessary to study static and dynamic balance ability and center of gravity control ability according to gender and age for more subjects.

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of ankle muscular strengthening exercise on balance and stair ascent and descent in college students. Selected 24 college students and randomly assigned them to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group performed ankle muscular strengthening exercise, while the control group engaged in walking exercises. The two groups performed 30-minute exercises three times a week for 4 weeks, and balance was measured using the BT4 and Step test (ST), while stair climbing and descending ability were assessed using the timed stair test (TST), The results of this study indicated that both the experimental and control groups showed a significant increase in dynamic balance, static balance and stair climbing and descending abilities (p<.05). These results suggest that the effects of four weeks of ankle muscular strengthening exercise were effective in improving balance and stair climbing and descending abilities in college students.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the occusal biteplane splint on the static balance ability of normal subjects. Sixteen adult males who had no orthopedic- surgical lesions in the jaw joints were enrolled. Subjects wore an occlusal bite-plane splint, and the static balance ability was measured with an occlusal bite-plane splint. The static balance, representing weight distribution of right-to-left ratio, appeared to be significantly decreased in eye open and closed status (p<.05) when wore the occlusal splint. This findings suggest that an occlusal bite-plane splint is probably favorably used to promote balance ability. We can recommend an occlusal bite-plane splint as a clinical method to improve the balance ability by adjusting the position of the lower jaw. Futher studies is needed.

본 연구는 가상 현실 운동이 기능적 발목 불안정성을 가진 성인 남성의 균형 능력, 발목 불안정성 및 운동공포증에 미치는 효과를 검증하는 데 있다. 연구 대상자는 기능적 발목 불안정성과 운동공포증을 가진 20대 성인 남성 24명으로, 가상 현실 운동 집단(VRG)과 전통적인 운동 집단(CEG)으로 각각 12명씩 무작위 배정하였다. 대상자는 8주간 균형 운동, 근력 운동, 신경근 운동이 포함된 운동 프로그램을 주 3회씩 실시하였으며, 균형 능력, 발목 불안정성, 그리고 운동공포증 을 측정하여 비교·분석하였다. 연구 결과, 정적 균형의 타원 면적, 변위, 평균 속도는 시기에 따른 차이가 나타났으며 (p<.001), 동적 균형의 타원 면적, 변위, 평균 속도, 상대 도달 거리의 후방내측에서 시기에 따른 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). 또한 상대 도달 거리의 전방과 후방외측, 종합 점수에서는 상호작용이 나타났다(p <.05). 발목 불안정성은 상호작용이 나타났으며(p=.021), 운동공포증은 시기에 따른 차이가 나타났다(p=.003). 결론적으로 정적 균형, 동적 균형의 타원 면 적, 변위, 평균 속도, 상대 도달 거리(PM), 그리고 운동공포증은 시기에 따라 긍정적인 변화를 보였으나, 두 집단-간 차이 는 확인되지 않았다. 반면, 동적 균형의 상대 도달 거리(ANT, PL)와 발목 불안정성은 VR 운동이 효과적인 것으로 나타났 다. 따라서 VR 운동은 기능적 발목 불안정성을 가진 사람의 발목 기능 향상과 운동공포증 완화에 효과적인 방법으로 판단 된다.

This study aimed to examine the effects of virtual reality exercise on balance ability, ankle instability, and kinesiophobia in adult males with functional ankle instability. 24 male participants in their 20s with FAI and kinesiophobia were randomly assigned to either the virtual reality exercise group(VRG) or the conventional exercise group(CEG), with 12 participants in each group. Participants performed an exercise program including balance, strength, and neuromuscular training three times per week for eight weeks and were assessed for balance ability, ankle instability, and kinesiophobia. The results showed significant time effects for the elliptical area, displacement, and mean velocity in static balance(p<.001), as well as for the elliptical area, displacement, mean velocity, and posteromedial reach distance in dynamic balance(p<.05). Additionally, significant interactions were found for anterior and posterolateral reach distances and the composite score(p<.05). Ankle instability exhibited a significant interaction effect(p =.021), while kinesiophobia showed a significant time effect(p =.003). In conclusion, static balance, dynamic balance parameters, and kinesiophobia improved over time, but no significant differences were found between the two groups. However, VR exercise was effective for improving anterior and posterolateral reach distances in dynamic balance and reducing ankle instability. Therefore, VR exercise may be an effective approach for enhancing ankle function and alleviating kinesiophobia in individuals with functional ankle instability.

본 연구는 한국프로골프협회(KPGA) 소속의 프로골프 선수와 일반인을 대상으로 견관절 ROM, 고유수용성 능 력 및 균형능력의 비교를 위해 실시하였다. 연구대상자는 최근 3개월간 근·골격계 질환이나 움직임, 가동범위에 제한 이 있는 대상자는 제외하였으며, 각 집단 모두 9명씩 선정하였다. 견관절 ROM 측정은 굴곡, 외전, 외회전, 내회전을 측 정하였으며, 고유수용성 감각의 측정은 능동·수동 관절위치감각(joint position sense) 검사를 실시하였다. 균형능력 은 지지판의 변화에 따른 피험자의 종합적인 균형능력을 평가하였다. 그 결과 견관절 가동범위에서 굴곡, 외전, 내회전 의 가동범위는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았으며, 외회전 가동범위에 프로골프 선수 집단이 일반인 집단보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<.05). 고유수용성 감각 검사에서 수동적 관절위치감각 검사에서는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았으나 능동적 관절위치감각 검사에서 프로골프 선수 집단이 일반인 집단보다 유의하게 오차각도가 낮게 나타났다(p<.05). 균형능력 검사에서는 프로골프 선수집단이 일반인 집단보다 전체적인 균형능력이 우수한 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 추후 프로골프 선수들의 경기력 향상을 위한 중요 요인으로써 훈련 프로그램 개발을 위해 계속된 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

The purpose of this study is to identify the differences of shoulder range of motion, proprioception and balance ability between general people and pro golfers (members of Korea Professional Golfers' Association). The subjects who have limitations in muscle, skeletal disease, movement, and range of motion during the last 3 months were excluded, The subjects were divided into 9 general people and 9 pro golfers. Shoulder ROM were measured for flexion, abduction, external rotation, and internal rotation, measurement of the proprioceptive sensory were conducted for active, passive joint position sense. The balance ability was measured for the total balance ability of the subjects according to the change of the support plate. Pro golfers group showed significantly higher range of motion than general people in external rotation (p<.05). In shoulder active joint position sense (AJPS) test, pro golfers group showed significantly low error angle than general people (p<.05). In balance ability test, pro golfers group showed tendency of higher scores than general people group, but did not show a significance between the groups. This results might come from the superior motor ability of the pro golfers, however to improve athletic performance and prevent injury& rehabilitation, exercises to improve shoulder range of motion and proprioceptive sense should be included.

본 연구의 목적은 단기간 수면박탈이 운동수행능력과 균형능력에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 있다. 이를 위해 20 명을 대상으로 정상수면 및 수면박탈 후 운동수행능력과 균형능력 검사를 1주일 간격으로 총 2회 측정을 실시하였다. 정상수면 측정기간과 수면박탈 측정기간에는 24시간 수면박탈 후 오전 8시에 운동수행능력과 균형능력을 측정하였 다. 연구결과 운동수행능력에서는 팔굽혀펴기, 윗몸일으키기, 사이드 스텝과 균형능력 측정방법인 눈감고 외발서기에 서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 측정 결과 단기간 수면박탈은 운동수행능력 중 근지구력 측정변인인 팔굽혀 펴기와 윗몸 일으키기, 민첩성 측정변인인 제자리 높이뛰기와 균형능력 측정변인인 눈감고 외발서기 등에서 영향을 미 쳤다. 그러나 근력의 측정변인인 악력과 유연성의 측정변인인 앉아 윗몸 앞으로 굽히기, 순발력 측정변인인 제자리높이 뛰기에서는 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과로 보아 수면은 정확성과 집중력이 요구되는 운동선수와 직업군인의 작전수행능력에도 영향을 미치기 때문에 건강과 전투력 유지를 위해 충분한 수면의 확보와 함께 수면박탈 훈련의 병행이 필요하다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of short term sleep deprivation on exercise performance and balance ability. For this purpose, we conducted a total of two measurements of exercise ability and balance ability test after weekly sleep and sleep deprivation. We measured exercise performance and balance ability at 8 am between normal sleepers. Exercise performance and balance ability were measured at 8 am after 24 hours of sleep deprivation. The results showed statistically significant difference in the performance of the exercises in terms of push up, sit up, side step and balance ability measurement method. The results showed that short term sleep deprivation influenced on the exercise endurance in terms of arm endurance such as arm push up, sit up, agility vigor variable, and balance variable. However, it did not appear to have any effect on the sitting vault, which is a measurement variable of strength and flexibility, which is a measurement variable of muscle strength. These results suggest that sleeping should be accompanied by adequate sleeping and sleep deprivation training to maintain health and combat power, as sleeping influences the ability of athletes and occupational soldiers to require accuracy and concentration.

본 연구는 노인여성을 대상으로 코어 안정화 트레이닝을 실시하여 SFT 체력과 균형능력에 미치는 영향을 규명하여 노인들에게 낙상예방과 더불어 적합한 운동 프로그램을 제공하기 위한 연구로 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. SFT 체력에 대한 이원반복측정 분산분석 결과에서 측정시기에 따른 주 효과는 상지유연성을 제외한 모든 항목(하지근력, 상지근력, 전신지구력, 민첩성 및 동적평형성, 하지 유연성, 심폐지구력)에서 통계적으로 상승효과를 나타내어 유의한 차이를 보였 고 측정시기와 그룹의 상호작용 효과는 하지근력, 상지근력, 전신지구력, 민첩성 및 동적평형성, 하지 유연성에서 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 그룹에 따른 주 효과는 SFT체력의 모든 항목에서 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 균형능력에 대한 이원반복측정 분산분석 결과에서 측정시기에 따른 주 변화는 NSEO 내-외, 전-후, 움직인 거리, OLREO 내-외, 전-후, 움직인 거리, OLLEO 내-외, 전-후, 움직인 거리에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보여 상승효과가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 측정시기와 그룹간의 상호작용 변화는 NSEO 내-외, 전-후, 움직인 거리, OLREO 내-외, 전-후, 움직인 거리, OLLEO 내-외, 전-후, 움직인 거리에서 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 그룹에 따른 주 변화는 NSEO 전-후, 움직인 거리, OLREO 내-외, 움직인 거리, OLLEO 전-후, 움직인 거리에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

This study conducted core stability training with elderly women to examine its effects on SFT physical training and balance ability and provide good exercise programs for the elderly with fall prevention. The following conclusions were drawn. For two-way repeated ANOVA for SFT physical fitness, the main effect according to the measurement period statistically showed significant difference in all items but upper flexibility(lower strength, upper strength, general endurance, agility and dynamic balance, lower flexibility, and cardiorespiratory endurance) with an increased effect. The interaction effect between measurement period and group had a significant difference in lower strength, upper strength, general endurance, agility and dynamic balance, and lower flexibility. The main effect according to the group had no significant difference in all items of SFT physical fitness. For two-way repeated ANOVA for SFT physical fitness, the main effect according to the measurement period showed a statistically significant difference in med-lat, ant-post, and velocity moment for NSEO, med-lat, ant-post, and velocity moment for OLREO, and med-lat, ant-post, and velocity moment for OLLEO with an increased effect. The interaction effect between measurement period and group had a significant difference in med-lat, ant-post, and velocity moment for NSEO, med-lat, ant-post, and velocity moment for OLREO, and med-lat, ant-post, and velocity moment for OLLEO. The main effect according to the group had a significant difference in ant-post and velocity moment for NSEO, med-lat and velocity moment for OLREO, and ant-post and velocity moment for OLLEO.

This study is an experimental study that examines the change in balance ability when elite male athletes with high ankle injury rates are applied with foot intrinsic muscle, gluteus medius muscle exercise, and combination exercise. An experiment was conducted on 33 male students in their 20s without musculoskeletal and nervous system diseases. Thirty-three subjects were randomly divided into the intrinsic muscle group (IEG), the gluteus medius muscle group (GEG), and the combination exercise group (CEG) to conduct experiments including common exercise. As a result of the study, IEG (-8.39±2.16), GEG (-7.26±3.21), and CEG (-12.47±2.94) all had significant differences in dynamic balance ability, while static balance ability were significant in CEG (1.50±0.74) and GEG (0.85±1.11). In addition, CEG is static (p<.05) and dynamic (p<.001) compared to other exercise groups. It was found that there was a significant difference in the range of changes in the balance ability. The above results suggest that it can be used for ankle injury and post-injury rehabilitation in elite athletes with high ankle injury rates, and further studies need to be conducted, including more subjects and female elite athletes, not male elite athletes.

Objective: The study was conducted for elastic band exercise program using the feedback that has effectiveness on balance ability in elders. Methods: The participants were randomly divided into 2 group: elastic band exercise group(n=10), control group(n=10). To evaluated the balance ability of exercise, it was evaluated by using Korean Berg balance scale(BBS), time up and go test(TUG), functional reach test(FRT), timed walking test. The data was analysis using a paired t-test and independent t-test to determine the statistical significance. Results: The results of this study between BBS, TUG and timed walking test in experimental group had statistically significant difference rather than control group(p<0.05). Conclusion: As a result, we identified that elastic band exercising programme using feedback has positively influenced the balancing performance of elders and proved that this can be the basis to clinically prevent the falls.

본 연구는 축구선수에서 거골하관절 내반(Subtalar Joint Varus; SJV)에 따른 하지 근육 유연성, 균형 능력 및 기능적 움직임 수행 능력의 차이을 알아보기 위하여 실시하였으며, 연구 대상자는 축구선수 42명에게 기립안정종골각 (Resting Calcaneal Stance Position; RCSP)을 측정하여 대조군(Con, n=15), 좌측내반집단(SJV Lt., n=14), 우측 내반집단(SJV Rt. n=13)으로 구분하였다. 하지근 유연성은 능동무릎신전검사(Active Knee Extension Test; AKET) 와 체중부하 배측굴곡검사(Weight Bearing Lunge Test; WBLT), Sit & Reach를 실시하였으며, 균형능력은 눈감고 외발서기와 Y-Balance를 실시하였다. 기능적 움직임 평가는 FMS를 실시하였으며, 집단 간 변인 간 차이를 분석하여 나타난 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 하지 유연성 평가에서 좌측 내반군은 우측 내반군보다 햄스트링 유연성이 유의하 게 낮았으며, 비복근 유연성에서는 반대측 발목 배측굴곡 범위 증가가 관찰되었다. 둘째, 균형 능력 평가에서 좌측 내반군 은 눈감고 외발서기 수행력이 유의하게 낮았다. 셋째, 기능적 움직임 평가에서는 좌측 내반군이 Hurdle Step과 Rotary Stability 점수에서 다른 집단보다 유의하게 낮았다. 이러한 결과는 축구선수의 거골하관절 내반은 하지 근육 유연성 저 하, 균형 능력 감소, 기능적 움직임 수행 저하와 관련이 있으며, 발과 발목 정렬 이상은 축구선수의 경기력 저하와 부상 위험 증가에 영향을 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

This study aimed to investigate differences in lower limb muscle flexibility, balance ability, and functional movement performance according to subtalar joint varus (SJV) in soccer players. Forty-two soccer players were assessed for RCSP(Resting Calcaneal Stance Position) and classified into a control group(Con, n=15), left varus group(SJV Lt., n=14), and right varus group(SJV Rt., n=13). Lower limb muscle flexibility was evaluated using the AKET(Active Knee Extension Test), WBLT(Weight Bearing Lunge Test), and sit-and-reach test. Balance ability was assessed using the eyes-closed single-leg stance and Y-Balance Test, and functional movement performance was measured using the FMS. Between-group differences were analyzed, and the results were as follows: the SJV Lt. showed significantly lower hamstring flexibility compared to the SJV Rt.(p<.05), and increased dorsiflexion ROM in the contralateral ankle was observed in gastrocnemius flexibility assessment. In balance ability, the SJV Lt. demonstrated significantly lower performance in the eyes-closed single-leg stance(p<.05). In functional movement performance, the SJV Lt. scored significantly lower in the Hurdle Step and Rotary Stability items compared to other groups(p<.05). These results suggest that SJV in soccer players is associated with reduced lower limb muscle flexibility, decreased balance ability, and impaired functional movement performance. Furthermore, abnormalities in foot and ankle alignment may negatively affect athletic performance and increase the risk of injury in soccer players.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the association between autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, muscle properties and the dysmenorrhea degree. The degree of dysmenorrhea was evaluated by self-reported Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ). Also, muscle properties (tone, stiffness, and elasticity) was measured using Myoton Pro on the muscles related to pain by dysmenorrhea: rectus abdominis (RA), erector spinae (ES), rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles. In addition, the activity of ANS was estimated through the heart rate variability (HRV) which is considered an index of the functional status of the ANS. The average of MDQ score of the subjects was 97.95±30.73, and the mean of LF/HF ratio which means sympathetic activity was 2.99±2.41 (range from 0.82 to 9.47). Particularly, there was a significant positive correlation between MDQ total score and the LF/HF ratio (r=0.466, p<0.05). Whereas, MDQ total score and HF indicating parasympathetic activity showed a significant negative correlation (r=-0.463, p<0.05). There was no significant association between dysmenorrhea and muscle properties, moreover no association with balance was identified. However, there was a significant association between muscle properties and balance of the subjects who experienced dysmenorrhea (n=17, MDQ≥70). The elasticity of RA showed a significant positive correlation with OSI (r=0.517, p<0.05) and APSI (r=0.795, p<0.01). Muscle tone in ES showed a significant negative correlation with OSI (r=-0.546, p<0.05) and APSI (r=-0.699, p<0.01), and stiffness in ES showed a significant negative correlation with APSI (r=-0.607, p<0.01). These results suggest that dysmenorrhea symptom could induce the increase of sympathetic activity, while reduction of parasympathetic activity.

본 연구는 만성기 뇌졸중 환자에서 이중과제 훈련이 균형, 상지기능, 일상생활활동 수행능력에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 실시하였다. 14명의 만성기 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 7명은 이중과제 훈련을, 7명은 단일과제 훈련을 주 3회, 회당 30분, 4주간 실시하였다. 균형능력의 평가는 Balance Trainer 4(BT 4)를 사용하였고, 상지 기능은 젭슨-테일러 손 기능 평가(JTT)를, 일상생활활동 수행능력 평가는 한글판 수정바델지수(K-MBI)를 사용 하였다. 중재 후, 이중과제 훈련군이 BT 4, JTT에서 유의한 변화를 보였다(p<.05). 두 그룹 간의 차이도 BT 4, JTT에서 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). K-MBI 점수의 향상은 있었지만 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다(p>.05). 이중과제 훈련군이 만성기 뇌졸중 환자의 균형, 상지기능, 일상생활활동 수행능력을 향상하는데 도움이 될 것으 로 사료된다.

This study investigated the effects of dual task training on balance, upper extremity motor function and activities of daily living in patients with chronic stroke. The study subjects were 14 chronic stroke patients. dual task training groups(n=7), and single task training groups(n=7). The intervention period was conducted for 3 times a week, 30 minutes per session, and 4 weeks for all groups. To measure the BT4, JTT, K-MBI were used before and after the intervention. Dual task training groups showed a significant increase in BT 4 and JTT scores(p<.05). The difference between the two groups was significant in the BT4 and JJT scores(p<.05). There was a score improvement in K-MBI, but there was no statistically significant difference(p>.05) Dual task training was effective in facilitating balance, upper extremity function and activities of daily living in patients with chronic stroke.

본 연구는 이중과제훈련을 결합한 허리 관절가동술이 만성 뇌졸중 환자의 균형능력에 미치는 영향을 알아 보고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 뇌졸중으로 진단받은 성인 30명을 이중과제훈련 군, 허리뼈에 관절가동술을 적용한 이중과제훈련 군, 각 15명씩 나누어 2019년 7월 1일부터 2019년 8월 31일까지 2개월간 1일 30분씩, 주 3회, 총 8주간 실시하였다. 임상적 균형 평가 지수로는 한글판 버그균형척도(K-BBS)를 측정하였고, Bioresque를 이용 하여 동요면적, 동요길이, 동요속도를 측정하였다. K-BBS에서는 모든 군에서 점수가 증가하였고, Bioresque를 이용한 동요 면적, 동요 길이, 동요 속도에서도 균형능력이 증가하였다. 따라서 이중과제훈련을 결합한 허리 관절 가동술이 만성 뇌졸중 환자들의 균형능력을 증가시키는데 영향을 주었다고 생각된다.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of lumbar mobilization combined with dual task training on balance ability in patients with chronic stroke. In this study, 30 adults who were diagnosed with a stroke were divided into 15 groups, each with a dual task training group, a dual task training group applying joint mobilization to the lumbar from July 1, 2019 to August 31, 2019, it was held for 30 minutes a day for two months, three times a week for a total of eight weeks. The clinical balance evaluation index was measured by K-BBS, and the surface area, step length and average speed were measured using Bioresque. In K-BBS, scores were increased in all groups, and the balance ability was increased in the surface area, step length and average speed using Bioresque. Therefore, the combination of dual task training for the lumbar was thought to have an effect on increasing the balance ability of chronic stroke patients.

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the proprio-ceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) exercise programs for idio-pathic scoliosis with a female patient in the early 20s in terms of her spi-nal curve and balancing abilities. The study subject was selected among 21-year-old female college students. There were no particular activities that the subject could not perform, but patient complained of difficulty in maintaining the standing position for a prolonged time. Pa-tient chest X-ray results showed S-shaped curves tilted towards the left or right in the lumbar spine, thoracic spine, and cervical spine areas. The PNF exercise programs consists of seven therapeutic exercise programs, including home exercises considering the patients’ balanc-ing abilities, the lateral symmetry of the spinal sway, the distortion, and the height of the pelvis and scapula bones. The programs last for 6 weeks and includes three sessions per week, with each session lasting for 30 min. Before and after the execution of the PNF exercise pro-grams, the subject was monitored for the changes in her spinal sways through chest X-ray tests. Also, using a balance measurement instru-ment, the subject’s static and dynamic balancing abilities were tested. After executing the PNF exercise programs for 6 weeks, the spinal sways of the subject were corrected, and her static and dynamic