Earticle

This paper introduce information technology of software process assessment. It consists of eight parts such as concepts and introductory guide, a reference model for processes and process capability, performing an assessment, guide to performing assessments, an assessment model and indicator guidance, guide to competency of assessors, guide for use in process improvement, and guide for use in determining supplier process capability.

Recognizing the strategic importance of domain-specific high-performance computing (HPC), Korea designated six specialized national centers in 2023, with plans to expand this number to ten by 2030. To ensure effective operation and governance, a capability assessment providing a current and comparable view of these centers is essential. This study proposes a policy-linked framework for assessing the capabilities of Korea's national HPC centers. The assessment model is organized into six categories: Foundation, Input, Process, Output, Outcome, and Policy Alignment, with a set of representative indicators specified for each category. These indicators were developed through an inductive analysis of relevant literature to identify key measures, along with a deductive integration of attributes specific to centers with statutory policy mandates. Each indicator is normalized against field-specific targets, and category-level and within-category weights are determined using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to produce a single composite capability score for each center.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the importance and performance levels of the duties related to public health crisis response of the aircraft quarantine officials and to analyze their educational needs for public health crisis. Methods: The subjects were quarantine officials at Incheon airport in Korea, and data from a total of 121 individuals were utilized for analysis. Data were analyzed by an independent t-test, paired t-test, and one-way ANOVA for the importance and performance of duties regarding public health crisis according to general characteristics. An Importance-performance analysis (IPA) and Borich needs assessment model were used to analyze public health crisis education needs. Results: The IPA analysis revealed that the area requiring focused improvement efforts (concentrate here), where importance is high, but performance is low, primarily includes epidemiological investigation of emerging infectious diseases. The Borich needs assessment was used to identify the following priority items: epidemiological investigation of emerging infectious diseases, occurrence of social disaster after patient isolation, donning and doffing of personal protective equipment (PPE), and epidemiological investigation of respiratory infectious diseases. Conclusion: Based on these results, it will be necessary to develop and implement practical education and training programs for aircraft quarantine officials.

Driven by the vague assessment big data, a product service system (PSS) evaluation method is developed based on a hybrid model of multi-weight combination and improved TOPSIS by relative entropy. The index values of PSS alternatives are solved by the integration of the stakeholders' vague assessment comments presented in the form of trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. Multi-weight combination method is proposed for index weight solving of PSS evaluation decision-making. An improved TOPSIS by relative entropy (RE) is presented to overcome the shortcomings of traditional TOPSIS and related modified TOPSIS and then PSS alternatives are evaluated. A PSS evaluation case in a printer company is given to test and verify the proposed model. The RE closeness of seven PSS alternatives are 0.3940, 0.5147, 0.7913, 0.3719, 0.2403, 0.4959, and 0.6332 and the one with the highest RE closeness is selected as the best alternative. The results of comparison examples show that the presented model can compensate for the shortcomings of existing traditional methods.

Purpose: This study analyzed educational needs of home care nurses to improve the quality of home care service and identify priority educational subjects. Methods: This study analyzed the training priorities of 54 home care nurses working at community service centers or public health centers in Seoul, Korea, using the Borich Needs Assessment and the Locus of Focus model. The home care nurses’ tasks were categorized into 21 tasks and 85 task elements. Results: Six priority educational subjects were identified: 1) health assessment and monitoring, 2) nursing records and information management, 3) health education and counseling techniques, 4) home care supplies management, 5) recipient identification and communication skills, and 6) care recipient classification and management. Activities related to one-on-one health management, such as health screening, measurements, and disease management counseling, were found to be high priorities. In contrast, small group program planning and operation were rated as a low priority. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of incorporating identified educational needs into training curricula for home care nurses. Regular assessment and integration of these needs into educational programs are crucial for enhancing nursing competence and service quality.

Anabolic steroids are frequently used to increase the growth rate of meat-producing animals. Exposure to an anabolic-androgenic steroid, nandrolone decanoate (ND), is associated with expressional reduction of testicular steroidogenic enzymes. However, the effect of withdrawal of ND exposure on the expression of these testicular molecules has not been thoroughly explored. The current research investigated expression changes of testicular steroidogenic enzymes in rats at several recovery periods (2, 6, and 12 weeks) after the stop of ND treatment with different doses (2 and 10 mg/kg body weight) for 12 weeks. Body and testis weights were recorded, and transcript levels of molecules were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The immunohistochemistry was used to examine the changes of immuno-intensities of molecules. At 6 and 12 weeks of the recovery period, the 10 mg/kg ND-treated rats were lighter than other experimental groups. The interstitial compartment vanished by ND treatment filled up as the recovery period became longer. The expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein was returned to the control level at 12 weeks of the recovery period. Expression levels of cytochrome P450 sidechain cleavage and 17a-hydroxylase were increased in 2 mg/kg ND-treated group at 6 weeks of the recovery period, and transcript levels of these molecules in 2 and 10 mg/kg ND-treated groups at 12 weeks of the recovery period were significantly lower than the control. Expression levels of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) type I and 17β-HSD type 3 in 2 mg/kg ND-treated group were comparable with those of control at 12 weeks of the recovery period, but not in 10 mg/kg ND-treated group. Expression of cytochrome P450 aromatase (Cyp19) was reverted to the control level at 2 weeks of the recovery period. Except for Cyp19, there was a visible increase of immuno- staining intensity of other testicular steroidogenic enzymes in the Leydig cells as the recovery period progressed. This research has demonstrated that the cease of ND administration could restore the expression of testicular steroidogenic enzymes close to the normal level. Nevertheless, a relatively long recovery period, compared to the ND-exposure period would be required to retrieve normal expression levels of testicular steroidogenic enzymes.

In order to accurately predict the level of landslide and water surge risks during the construction phase of the diversion tunnel, a scientific and reasonable assessment of the tunnel construction safety risks was carried out by combining game theory and the matter-element expansion method. Considering the various predisposing indexes of the tunnel, an index system containing 24 indexes was constructed by combining relevant codes and references. GRA and EWM are used to assign subjective and objective weights to the indexes respectively, and game theory is used to determine the weights comprehensively. The GRA-EWM-MEE model was established based on the matter-element extension method and validated with tunnel 7# as an example. The results show that the correlation degrees of each section of the tunnel are: 0.086, 0.069, 0.033, 0.035, and 0.077, all of them belong to class II (moderate risk), which is consistent with the results of the variable fuzzy set evaluation and engineering risk assessment report. Therefore, it is feasible to apply the model to tunnel construction risk assessment, which can provide new ideas for the safety risk assessment of similar diversion tunnels.

본 연구의 목적은 일본 오키나와현에 위치한 낙도의 특수교육 특징과 특수교육 추진현황을 비교 분석하여 낙도형 통합교육 모델 개발을 위한 발전과제를 제안하는 것이다. 이를 위해 일본 오키나와현에 위치한 낙도의 특수교육 시스템을 평가하기 위하여 IEAT를 활용한 설문조사를 실시하였고 설문조사 결과를 바탕으로 t-test를 실시하였다. 연구 결과룰 바탕으로 통합교육 시스템 구축 모델 사업 성과보고서(2016)에서 제시한 과제와 본 연구의 분석결과를 비교분석하여 낙도의 통합교육 모델을 개발하기 위한 발전 과제를 다음과 같이 제시하였다. 향후 낙도의 통합교육 모델을 개발하기 위해서는 첫째, 특수교육의 전문성을 확보해야 하며 둘째, 다직종 다기관과의 연계가 이루어져야 할 것이며 셋째, 장애에 대한 이해를 촉진시켜야 할 것이다. 넷째, 장애학생의 자립성 향상을 위한 노력이 필요하며 마지막으로 교육 시스템과 관련된 공평성을 확보해야 할 것이다.

This study aimed to suggest the tasks to develop the Inclusive Education Model for Remote Islands by analyzing the characteristics of special needs education in remote islands of Okinawa, Japan and the current states of the implementation of special needs education in them. For these purposes, the survey using the Inclusive Education Assessment Tool (hereafter IEAT) was conducted to evaluate the special needs education system of remote islands of Okinawa and its results were analyzed through t-test. Finally, the tasks to develop the inclusive education model for remote islands by comparing and analyzing the results of this study with the tasks that were proposed in the Outcome Report on the Project to Build Inclusive Education System Model(2016) were suggested as follows: first, the expertise of special needs education should be guaranteed; second, the network among various professionals and organizations needs to be established; third, the awareness of disabilities needs to be promoted; fourth, the independence of students with disabilities needs to be improved; and finally equal opportunity should be guaranteed.

Background: To investigate radiological effects on biota, it is necessary to assess radiation dose for flora and fauna living in a terrestrial ecosystem. This paper presents a dynamic model to assess radioactivity concentration and radiation dose of terrestrial flora and fauna after a nuclear accident. Materials and Methods: Litter, organic soil, mineral soil, trees, wild crops, herbivores, omnivores, and carnivores are considered the major components of a terrestrial ecosystem. The model considers the physicochemical and biological processes of interception, weathering, decomposition of litter, percolation, root uptake, leaching, radioactive decay, and biological loss of animals. The predictive capability of the model was investigated by comparison of its predictions with field data for biota measured in the Fukushima forest area after the Fukushima nuclear accident. Results and Discussion: The predicted radioactive cesium inventories for trees agreed well with those for evergreens and deciduous trees sampled in the Fukushima area. The predicted temporal radioactivity concentrations for animals were within the range of the measured radioactivity concentrations of deer, wild boars, and black bears. The radiation dose for the animals were, for the whole simulation time, estimated to be much smaller than the lower limit (0.1 mGy∙ d-1) of the derived consideration reference level given by the International Commission on Radiological Protection for terrestrial flora and fauna. This suggested that the radiation effect of the accident on the biota in the Fukushima forest would be insignificant. Conclusion: The present dynamic model can be used effectively to investigate the radiological risk to terrestrial ecosystems following a nuclear accident.

This study developed regional vulnerability assessment model of heat wave considering heat wave disaster vulnerable groups. As indicators of the vulnerability assessment model, climate exposure, sensitivity, adaptive capacity indicators were considered. As detailed indicators in sensitive, the heat wave disaster vulnerable groups were considered (Model A). In addition, the model considering general disaster vulnerable groups (Model B) as indicators in sensitive were analyzed. AHP survey was conducted to measure the relative importance and ranking of the heat wave vulnerability assessment indicators. Results showed that the farmer and obesity were recognized as highly vulnerable among sensitive indicators in Model A and female, multicultural family, and foreigner were recognized as highly vulnerable in Model B based on AHP analysis. By comparing the relationship between the damage from heat wave and the results of the vulnerability assessment, Model A showed high explanatory power in case of heat wave deaths while Model B showed high explanatory power in case of heat wave victims.

국가기반 단위의 안전관리 평가제도는 사고 발생 및 위험 발생이 임박했을 때 대처하는 대응 역량에 집중되어 있다. 국가 재난관리의 핵심요소인 예방-대비-대응-복구 4단계 체계에서 개인, 재난관리부 서, 기관, 관리 네트워크 등 항목별 역량을 평가하고 있으므로 전체 시스템의 유기적 상태운영에 관한 평가 기능이 없다. 따라서 효율적 재난관리를 위해 기존의 단순 점검하는 방식이 아닌 조직 내에서 능동적 사전점검이 가능한 체계적인 평가지표가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 레질리언스 공학 기법을 이용하여 실행 위주의 능동적 재난관리가 가능한 평가모델을 개발하였다. 본 모델은 예방과 사전대응의 관점의 재난관리 항목과 델파이 분석을 통해 예측(13항목), 모니터링(14항목), 사전대응 (15항목), 안전학습(14항목) 역량으로써 전체 56항목으로 구성하였다. 본 모델을 기반으로 각 재난별 기관들의 역량평가가 이루어진다면 각 기관의 취약부분과 문제점 등을 효율적으로 개선, 보완할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

A national safety management system in Korea focuses on responding capacity to cope with imminent accidents and risks. There is no assessment function for the organic operation states of the entire systems because it assesses the capacities of individuals, disaster management department, institution, and management network in four stages including prevention, preparation, response, and recovery. Therefore, it is necessary to develop systematic assessment indices that will allow for active pre-checks in departments in organizations, rather than the conventional simple inspection method. This study used a resilience engineering method to develop a disaster management assessment model, which consists of a total of 56 disaster management items in four capacities such as anticipation (13 items), monitoring (14 items), responding (15 items) and learning (14 items).

자가통제평가(CSA : Control Self Assessment)는 핵심사업 목적을 달성하는데 개입되는 위험 그리고 그러한 사업위험을 관리하기 위하여 설계된 내부통제를 공식적이고 문서화된 협력적 프로세스에 의하여 검토하기 위하여 사용되는 방법론이다. 현재 많은 기업에서 효과적인 조직통제와 비즈니스 프로세스 개선을 위하여 전문 감사인과 경영인들이 기업지배구조 조직의 강력한 위험관리 도구로서 자가통제평가의 필요성을 강조하고 있다. 자가통제평가는 해당 조직의 담당부서나 팀에서 내부통제평가를 통하여 내부통제상의 재무보고, 준법, 사업 및 운영상의 효율성 등을 확보하기 위해서 설치되며, 효과적인 모니터 장치로서 기업지배구조상의 업무 프로세스를 정비하고 업무에서 발생하는 제반 정보의 흐름을 원활하게 해서 조직에게 손해가 발생할 수 있는 여러 가지 위험으로부터 회사를 사전에 차단하는 기능을 한다. 이러한 부분에서 효과적인 자가통제평가 시스템을 구축하는 것이 중요할 것이다. 본 연구에서는 e-Business 관련 기업지배구조의 안전성을 확보하기 위한 자가통제평가 모델에 대한 개발 필요성과 관련 자가통제평가 세가지 기본 모델들을 통하여 장단점을 제시하고, 자가통제평가 모델의 필요성을 논의하였다.

Many IT specialists say that ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) is the best way to manage resources in enterprise effectively Lots of companies are using ERP solutions in the hope of getting competitiveness and employing global standard business practice. Wishing to take advantage of ERP S/W, companies have a preference for purchasing it and outsourcing ERP project. This paper focuses on ERP Package assessment model in business firms. This paper finds out what differences there are in purchasing ERP S/W for organization characteristics and building characteristics, and suggests some guidelines of S/W development to vendors. The results would be strong implications for ERP vendors. Especially this paper identifies what the reasons and the checkpoints are when firms introduce ERP S/W. To do this, this paper uses empirical data obtained from companies in South Korea and analyzes it using statistical software.

Numerous organizations are turning to big data intelligence, expecting to elicit huge benefits from big data. A large number of them, however, are experiencing failures and struggling, not knowing where to start and where to continue. This study aims to develop a big data capability assessment model to provide these organizations with a practical guide and an evolutionary strategy for big data adoption. Significant big data capability factors were derived based on relevant capability and maturity models as well as interviews with big data experts. We devised a framework for assessing capability level, identifying weak capability types, and suggesting adequate guidelines according to evolutionary stage. Our model has been applied to five organizations in different business sectors for validation and refinement based on feedback.

Juliane House의 번역평가모델은 Halliday의 체계적 기능언어학을 최초로 번역평가에 적용한 사례로 인정되며 House의 개정판 번역평가모델은 번역평가 연구에 적극 논의되고 있으나, 문학번역 평가에는 아직 연구가 많이 진행되지 않은 상태다. 본 논문은 House의 번역평가모델에서 핵심적인 변수로 역할을 하는 '문화적 필터'(cultural filter)가 문학번역 평가 과정에서 부족한 면이 있음을 제시하고, 이를 보충해줄 수 있는 '서사적 필터'(narrative filter)의 필요성을 제시한다. 이를 위해 본 논문은 관련 서사적 개념들을 소개하고, 신경숙의 장편소설 엄마를 부탁해 한글판과 영어번역판을 대상으로 질적 비교분석을 실행하였다. 먼저 소설 1장을 비교 검토하여 번역 미스매치(translation mismatch) 리스트를 만들고, 이중 Register의 Tenor, Field, Mode 각 구분에 서사적 변화를 초래하는 6 종류의 서사적 미스매치(narrative mismatch) 유형을 찾아내었다. 그 다음 소설 전체를 검토하여 6 가지 유형의 사례들을 검색하고 각 유형마다 적절한 예를 들며 설명하였다. 본 논문은 House의 모델에서 구분하는 언어적 기술(linguistic description)과 사회적 평가(social evaluation) 개념을 기반으로 첫 단계인 언어적 기술에 초점을 두었고, 이에 따라 논문에 기술된 미스매치들의 분석이 신경숙의 소설을 House의 covert translation과 overt version, covert version 중 어디로 분류해야 하는지에 대해서는 평가하지 않는다. 본 논문에서 제시되는 서사적 필터의 개념이 문학번역평가에 대한 논의에 긍정적으로 적용되어지길 기대해본다.

이 논문은 시뮬레이션 기법을 이용하여 콜 옵션 매도자가 직면하는 시장위험과 모델 위험 을 변동성이 추계적이고 거래가 비연속적인 시장에서 검토했다. 기초자산의 위험프리미 엄이 양(+)일 때 옵션 매도자는 평균적으로 큰 손실과 높은 시장위험에 직면하므로 동태적 델타헤지를 통한 위험관리를 수행하는 것이 일반적이다. 이 때 옵션 거래자는 불연속적인 금융시장과 같은 현실적인 제약이나 위험관리에서 사용되는 모델 자체의 비적격성으로 인해 발생하는 모델위험을 감수해야 한다. 본 연구에 따르면 추계적 변동성이 지배하는 금융시장에서 Black-Scholes 옵션 모형은 비적격한 모형임에도 불구하고, 완전히 적격 한 추계적 변동성 모형에 거의 필적하는 헤지성과를 내었다. 시뮬레이션 결과 모델 위험의 80~85%는 이산적 재조정 위험에서 발생했으며, 모델 비적격 위험이나 모수추정의 위험 의 비중은 상대적으로 덜 중요했다. 이 결과는 자산가격의 변화가 추계적 변동성으로 추동된다고 하더라도 Black-Scholes 모형이 여전히 효과적인 위험관리도구로 사용될 수 있다는 점을 시사한다

Using Monte Carlo simulation experiments, we examine the model risk of writing call option contracts when the underlying process driving security prices is characterized by stochastic volatility and trading occurs discretely. Simulations in this study reveal that discrete rebalacing risk is the main risk factor of total model risk while model misspecification risk and parameter estimation risk are relatively unimportant when single instrument hedge is utilized. These simulation results suggest that hedging based on the misspecified Black-Scholes model yields the hedging performance as good as that of the fully sprecified stochastic volatility model even when the true process driving security price movement is characterized by stochastic volatility. Hedging based on the Black-Scholes model is the simplest to implement. This may explain why the Black-Scholes formula is one of the best choices of option professionals even though it is widely accepted that the constant volatility assumption of the Black-Scholes model is violated in real world financial market. The results of this paper also suggest that for risk managers of financial institutions, the Black-Scholes option formular can be used as a viable risk management tool even under the financial markets characterized by stochastic volatilities.

북미, 유럽 뿐 아니라 우리나라에서도 유해물질 관리제도가 도입되는 등 매년 크게 증가하는 화학물질의 생산, 유통으로 인한 독성 피해에 대응하고 있다. 유해물질의 생물독성을 평가하는 방법은 널리 소개되어 왔으나, 모델링을 위한 정량적이 고 신속한 정보가 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 발광 미생물인 Vibrio fischeri를 이용하여 아연, 구리, 크롬, 카드뮴, 수은, 납 등 중금속 6종에 대한 독성 평가를 실시하고, 독성 모델링을 통해 생존율을 재현하였다. 발광 미생물의 활성 정도 및 중금속 에 의한 독성은 photomultiplier가 내장된 감광 장치를 이용하여 상대발광도를 측정, 독성의 영향을 판단하였다. 30분 내 저 해율이 20% 미만에 이르는 농도 및 EC50 등을 통해 독성을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 생물 독성은 수은, 납, 구리, 크롬, 아연, 카드뮴 순으로 나타났다. 시간별 EC50의 추세선을 통해 얻은 EC50, ∞는 독성 모델링의 주요 파라미터와 선형 관계가 높았 다. 실험결과로부터 DAM, TDM 모델링에 필요한 주요 파라미터를 얻었으며, 재현된 독성 영향은 아연, 구리, 크롬, 카드 뮴 등에서 오차율 평균 10.2%이었다. Vibrio fischeri를 및 감광 장치를 이용한 미생물 독성 측정 방법은 짧은 시간에서 EC50, ∞ 및 독성 모델링 구현에 필요한 주요한 인자들을 신속하게 얻을 있어 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

In addition to North America and Europe, Korea is also responding to the toxic damage caused by the production and distribution of chemicals. Methods for assessing bio-toxicity of harmful substances have been widely introduced, but it is required of quantitative and speedy information for modeling. For 6 heavy metals, as zinc, copper, chrome, cadmium, mercury and lead, bio-toxicity assessment and kinetics model were constructed using Vibrio fischeri which is widely used luminous bacteria. The degree of luminescence activity and the toxicity of heavy metals were relative limunescence unit, RLU measured as by using a photomultiplier embedded device. The toxicity was assessed by the concentration levels giving under 20% lethality and lethal concentration, EC50. In the results, the toxicity order were followed from mercury, lead, copper, chrome, zinc and cadmium. EC50, ∞ obtained by trends of EC50 by time follows had highly linear agreement with main parameters of bio-toxicity modelling. The average error rates of the reproduced lethality obtained from DAM and TDM model on the basis of body residue, were 10.2% for mercury, lead, copper, chrome and 20.0 for the all 6 methals.