Earticle

본 연구는 <총병가>와 <병자난리가>를 대상으로 병자호란에 대한 상이한 기억, 즉 공인 된 기억과 ‘대항기억’이 각각 문학적으로 재현된 양상을 확인하였다. 먼저 <총병가>는 임경업(1594~1646)의 전기적 사실을 담아내고 있는 서사 가사이다. <총병가>에서 존주대의의 화신으로 그려지는 임경업의 인물 형상은 숙종 대 이후 존주대의 가 국가 이데올로기로 자리 잡는 과정에서 국가 주도의 현창 사업 등에 의해 정립된 것으로 서, <총병가>는 병자호란에 대한 공인된 기억이 문학적으로 재현된 한 사례라고 할 수 있겠다. 반면 <병자난리가>는 병자호란 당시 한양에서 강화도에 이르는 피난 경험에 대해 읊은 서사 가사이다. <병자난리가>는 강화도라는 공간적 배경을 중심으로 병자호란의 전개 양상 을 제시하고, 이와 함께 당시의 위정자들을 비판하는 내용이 주를 이룬다. 그 과정에서 <병자난리가>는 병자호란에 대한 공인된 기억이 배제했던 강화도라는 공간을 병자호란에 대한 ‘대항기억’ 서사의 중심에 위치시킨다.

This study examines how differing memories of the Byeongjahoran ‒ namely authorized memory and countermemory ‒ are literarily represented in Chongbyeonga and Byeongjananriga. Chongbyeonga is a narrative gasa that incorporates biographical elements from the life of Yim Gyeong-up(1594~1646). The portrayal of Yim Gyeong-up in the work as the embodiment of Jonjudaeui(尊周大義, the great righteousness of honoring the Zhou) was shaped through state-led commemorative projects during the period after Sukjong’s reign, when Jonjudaeui became institutionalized as a national ideology. In this respect, Chongbyeonga may be regarded as a literary representation of the authorized memory of the Byeongjahoran. By contrast, Byeongjananriga is a narrative gasa that recounts the experience of fleeing from Hanyang to Ganghwa Island during the Byeongjahoran. Centered on the spatial setting of Ganghwa Island, the work presents the course of the war while primarily criticizing the contemporary ruling elites. In doing so, Byeongjananriga places Ganghwa Island ‒ an element excluded from the authorized memory ‒ at the center of a countermemory narrative of the Byeongjahoran.

본 연구는 프로슈머 참여경험을 통한 무용공연의 확장적 가치를 탐구하는 것에 목적이 있다. 연구 방법은 프로 슈머 활동 경험이 있는 연구참여자 9명과 면담을 통해 자료수집 및 분석을 진행하였다. 연구참여자들이 프로 슈머 활동을 통해 느끼는 가치는 참여와 기여를 통해 창작자들과의 연대감, 공유와 소통을 통해 공통 관심사를 가진 타인들과의 연대감과 자율적 참여에 따른 내적 성취감이었다. 이에 따라 참여자들은 프로슈머 참여 이후 긍정적 인식 변화를 통해 무용에 대한 이해도가 높아진 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 참여자들의 정체성과 역할은 적극적 관여자, 홍보 매개자, 개인적 관심에 따른 소비자로 분석했다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 프로슈머 들의 활발한 참여와 확장적 가치를 이루기 위해 무용공연 기획자들은 다양한 옵션을 넓히고, 참여의 용이성을 높여야 하며, 친절한 기획을 통해 제작자들과 소비자들의 예술적 견해를 공유하고 공감할 방안에 대해 모색해 야 할 것이다.

The purpose of this study is to explore the extended value of dance performances through prosumer participation experience. The subjects of the study were interviewed with nine research participants who had experience in prosumer activities, and their roles and identities were analyzed as active participants, promoters, and consumers according to personal interest. The value they feel through their activities as prosumer was an inner sense of achievement through solidarity with creators through productive participation and contribution, solidarity with others with common interests, and autonomous participation. Accordingly, the participants were able to confirm that their understanding of dance increased through a change in positive perception after participating in prosumer. Based on these results, in order to achieve active participation and expanded value of prosumer, dance performance planners should expand various options, increase ease of participation, and seek educational plans for artistic expertise.

본 논문은 Extrapolative Collaborative Filtering 방법론의 유용성을 컨텐트 추천 분야에서 확인하고자 한다. 컨텐트 서비스들은 개별적으로 운영되고, 그들간의 정보 공유가 이루어지지 않아, 타 서비스를 이용할 경우 다른 서비스에서의 자신의 성향이 반영되지 않는 한계가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 다양한 컨텐트 사이트를 이용하는 사용자의 편의를 위해 타 사이트간의 최소한의 협력이 있는 환경에서, 상호적 추천을 하는 Extrapolative Collaborative Filtering (ECF) 방법론이 유용한지를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 공개된 4개의 컨텐트 사이트 데이터셋을 확보하여 실험하였다. 그 결과, 적절한 협력을 하는 경우가 독자적으로 하는 것보다 추천의 성과가 향상될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

이 연구는 코로나-19로 인한 대학 내 원격수업에 따른 체육계열 대학생의 교육경험과 인식을 확인하고자 수행되 었다. 이러한 연구목적을 위해 체육계열 대학생 278명에게 온라인을 통해 원격수업 현황, 원격수업인식(선호도, 만족도) 을 조사하였다. 분석방법으로는 SPSS 22.0과 R프로그램을 활용하여 빈도분석, 대응표본 t검증, ANOVA, 워드 클라우드 분석을 적용하였다. 상기한 연구과정을 통해 도출된 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 코로나-19로 인한 체육계열 원격수 업 유형에서는 이론 및 실기수업 모두 동영상형이 가장 많이 활용되었다. 둘째, 원격수업 유형의 선호도에서는 이론 및 실기수업 모두 동영상형이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 다음은 강의장면 촬영형, 음성강의형 순으로 나타났다. 셋째, 체육 계열 대학생들의 원격수업에 있어 이론수업과 실기수업에 대한 만족도 차이를 분석한 결과 수업유형에 따른 만족도 차이는 없었다. 서술형 응답을 통해 과제의 적절한 활용 여부는 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인임을 확인하였다. 결과를 반영하여 체육계열 원격수업의 방향과 향후 연구 문제를 제안하였다.

The study was conducted to examine the educational experiences and perceptions of college students in the field of physical education as they were taken remote classes in university due to the effects of the social collective infection caused by COVID-19. To achieve the purpose of the study, an online survey was conducted on 278 university students who major in physical education, and the survey questions include the status of remote classes, remote class recognition (preference, and satisfaction level). As for the analysis method, frequency analysis, response sample t-verification, ANOVA, and word-cradle were performed using SPSS 22.0 and R programs, and all significance levels were set at .05. The results from the above research process are as follows. First, in the types of remote classes in the sports category due to COVID-19, video types were used the most in both theoretical and practical classes, and the following was shown as assignment types. The third type was the voice record lecture type for theoretical classes, and the practical class was the video lecture scene. Second, in the remote class preference for the students, both theory and practical classes, video format were the most prefered, followed by video lecture scene and voice lecture type. Third, the analysis of the differences in satisfaction between theoretical and practical classes of the students showed that there was no difference in satisfaction according to the type of class.

본고는 이한진 편 『靑丘永言』의 편찬자인 京山 李漢鎭(1732~1815)의 <續漁父詞>가 이한진의 문예 활동과 풍류적 지향, 그리고 조선 후기 사족들의 山水 臥遊 취미를 배경으로 창작되었으리라 보고 <속어부사>를 살폈다. 이한진은 외가인 安東 金門의 혈연을 바탕으로 연암 일파와 교유하였는데, 이들의 풍류 현장에 대한 기록에서 이한진의 음악적 기질과 풍류적 지향을 알 수 있었다. 이한진은 노년에 경기도 영평에 은거하였는데, 이때 편찬한 가집인 이한진 편 『청구영언』에 수록된 작품들의 주제적 지향과 이한진이 창작한 시조 작품들에서도 역시 이한진의 풍류적 모습이 확인 되었다. 한편 조선 후기 京華士族들은 번화한 도시 공간을 떠나 자연 속에 머물 수 없는 자신들의 현실적인 문제를 산수 자연을 추체험함으로써 극복하고자 하였는데, 그것이 바로 臥遊였다. 이들에게 산수 유람의 실제 경험 유무는 그리 긴치 않은 문제였으며, 이들은 효과적인 와유를 위해 제 문예 장르를 적극적으로 활용하였다. 이한진과 그 주변 인물들의 문예 활동은 이 같은 당시의 문화적 분위기 속에서 이루어진 것이었다. 이한진이 경기도 영평에서의 山居에도 불구하고 <속어부사>를 창작한 것 역시 현재 자신이 경험할 수 없는 하나의 자연 형상을 좀 더 효과적으로 추체험하기 위한 것이었다. 때문에 이한진의 <속어부사>는 어부 형상을 소재로 한 여타의 국문시가에 비해 좀 더 초속적인 자연 형상이 그려졌다. 실재의 자연 형상을 볼 수 없다는 현실적 정황과 그럼에도 불구하고 이를 핍진하게 묘사하여 효과적인 와유를 가능케 하고자 했던 욕망 사이의 긴장은 집구시의 성격을 강하게 띤 <어부사>라는 형식 안에서만 해결될 수 있었던 것으로 보인다.

This thesis investigates <Sokobusa(the Poem of Fisherman)> wrote by Lee Han Jin who edited 『Chung Ku Young Un(靑丘永言)』 with supposition that <Sokobusa> was affected by Lee Han Jin's literary activity and poetic direction, and Wayu(臥遊) was enjoyed by Sajok(士族) in the late Chosun Period. Lee Han Jin kept company with The Yeonam Faction and their friendship was based on Lee Han Jin's blood-relationship. Lee Han Jin's musical sense and poetic direction are verified by records about their poetic activity. In his old age, Lee Han Jin retired in the Yeongpyeong of Gyeonggido and edited 『Chung Ku Young Un』, Lee Han Jin's poetic direction is also verified by Sijo's theme which was included in 『Chung Ku Young Un』 and Lee Han Jin's Sijo. Meanwhile, Kyunghwasajok(京華士族) in the late Chosun Period wanted to overcome their situation that they could not leave city by imagination about landscape. That activity was Wayu. They didn't consider whether they see landscape, and they made good use of many genre of literature for effective Wayu. Lee Han Jin and his group's literary activity was formed by that cultural air. Lee Han Jin wrote <Sokobusa> though his retirement in mountain. It was also for effective imagination about landscape that he didn't see. So unworldly landscape was appeared in <Sokobusa> compared to other fishermen motif poems. The tension between Situation that he couldn't see real landscape and desire for effective Wayu get solved by form named <Obusa> that have distinct characteristic as a Jipgusi(集句詩).

유즙 내에 들어있는 유용 단백질을 분리, 정제하였을 때 예상되는 경제적 가치 때문에 우 리는 유즙 내에 들어있는 재조합 hEPO 단백질을 추출하고 정제하려는 많은 시도를 하고 있다. 이러한 노력에도 불구하고 유즙 내에 들어있는 target 단백질의 정제가 매우 어렵고, 그 순도 역시 20%에 지나지 않는다. 우리는 hEPO 유전자를 가지고 있으며 유선에서 hEPO를 분비하는 형질전환 돼지를 생산 보유하고 있다. 그러나, 이들 형질전환 돼지들은 체내에 도입된 유전자의 발현에 의해 야기되는 적혈구 과다증 그리고 혈소판 감소증과 같 은 순환기의 문제가 유발되고 있다. 명백하게, 이러한 종류의 혈액학적 변화는 장기의 정상 적인 기능을 방해하며 형질전환 돼지의 갑작스런 죽음을 초래한다. 그러므로, 앞서 언급한 문제점들을 해결하기 위한 alternative한 방법이 필요하다. 현재 연구에서, 우리는 외인성 hEPO를 발현하는 돼지에서 비정상의 생리학적 증후에 관해서 실험하였으며 hEPO를 생산 하기 위한 alternative choice로서 형질전환 돼지 유래 세포의 배양 system을 제안하였다. 5마리의 F6 hEPO 형질전환 돼지와 4마리와 대조군으로 일반돼지(랜드레이스)를 국립축 산과학원 동물바이오공학과에서 사육 도축하고 순환 장기를 채취하였다. 형질전환 돼지 순 환기 조직(유선, 신장, 폐, 비장)을 계대 배양 후 hEPO mRNA의 발현을 RT-PCR 방법으로 분석하였다. 또한, 면역조직화학 염색법을 통해서 hEPO 형질전환돼지 순환 장기조직에서 발현되는 hEPO의 발현 양상을 분석한 결과로서 유선, 신장 및 폐 조직에서 hEPO의 발현 이 확인되었으나, hEPO 발현 양상이 모든 형질전환동물 조직에서 발현되는 경향을 보이지 는 않았다. 한편, 세포면역화학 분석법에서는 형질전환돼지 유래 세포의 배양 시 hEPO가 발현되고 있는 양상을 확인하였다. 또한, 형질전환 돼지와 일반돼지의 세포 증식률과 증식 속도는 신장 세포에서는 빠른 증식을 나타낸 반면, 폐와 비장 세포에서는 느린 증식률이 확 인되었다. 배양 후 지속적인 세포 증식과 세포의 생존성을 분석하기 위하여 Apoptosis를 TUNEL과 Annexin V를 이용한 방법으로 조사한 결과, 형질전환돼지 유래의 세포와 일반돼 지의 세포 사이에 유의적 차이는 발견하지 못했다. 이들의 결과들로서 본 연구에서는 형질 전환돼지를 생산하여 유용 단백질을 이용하고자 할 경우, 목적으로 하는 세포 뿐 만 아니라 형질전환가축 유래의 다양한 세포를 이용 할 수 있는 가능성을 시사하고 있다.

본 연구의 목적은 인지행동치료(Cognitive Behavior Therapy: CBT)가 남자 비행청소년의 우울, 비행 행동 감소, 적응적 의사소통 기술 향상에 미치는 효과와 내담자의 인지 · 정서 · 행동적 변화를 살펴보는 것이다. 본 사례는 심리교육, 자기감찰, 인지적 재구성, 단계적 과제 부여, 역할극, 문제 해결 훈련을 포함하는 인지행동적 개입으로 구성되었다. 연구 대상은 고등학교에 재학 중인 청소년기 남학생이며, 상담 당시 학업을 중단하고 다양한 비행 행동을 하였다. 상담은 고등학교에서 대면으로 2019년 10월 2일부터 2020년 4월 20일까지 총 12회기 동안 실시되었으며, 주 1회 50분씩 진행되었다. 치료 효과를 검증하기 위하여 회기 내에서 수집된 내담자의 주관적인 보고를 포함한 회기별 기록을 바탕으로 내담자의 인지 · 정서 · 행동적 변화를 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 내담자의 우울을 유발하고 유지하는 역기능적 사고를 발견하였고, 이를 적응적인 사고로 수정하였다. 둘째, 내담자가 인식하는 우울의 수준이 감소하였다. 셋째, 내담자의 비행 행동이 소거되었으며 가정 내 적응적인 의사소통이 증가하였다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on reducing depression and delinquent behaviors, as well as improving adaptive communication skills in an adolescent male. The study also aims to explore the client’s cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes throughout the intervention. The case involved a high school male student who had dropped out of school and was engaging in various delinquent behaviors at the time of counseling. The CBT-based intervention consisted of psychoeducation, self-monitoring, cognitive restructuring, graded task assignments, role-play, and problem-solving training. The sessions were conducted face-to-face at a high school setting, once a week for 50 minutes, over a total of 12 sessions from October 2, 2019, to April 20, 2020. To evaluate the therapeutic effects, session records and the client’s subjective reports were analyzed to assess changes in cognition, emotion, and behavior. The findings are as follows: First, distorted thoughts that triggered and maintained the client’s depression were identified and modified into more adaptive thoughts. Second, the client reported a decrease in the perceived level of depression. Third, delinquent behaviors were eliminated, and adaptive communication within the family increased.

본 연구는 크리스천 코칭을 하는 코치들의 역량을 측정하는 척도를 개발하고 타당도를 검증하였다. 크리스천 코칭이란, ‘성경적 세계관에 기반하여 하나님의 뜻이 이루어지는 목표를 달성하고 복음을 향해 코치와 피코치와 성령이 함께 이루어가는 전문적 과정’으로 정의하였다. 문헌검토, 전문가 인터뷰, 개방형 설문을 통해 크리스천 코칭역량 구성개념에 대한15개 요인, 105개 예비문항을 개발하였고, 예비조사를 통해 현재 크리스천 코칭을 하는 코치이거나 앞으로 크리스천 코칭을 하고 싶은 코치 160명을 대상으로 탐색적 요인분석 결과12개 요인, 73문항이 도출되었으며, 이후 본조사를 진행하였다. 총 300명의 자료에 대한 탐색적 요인분석 결과 11개 요인, 47문항이 도출되었다. 도출된 11개 요인에 대한 2차 상위요인분석을 실시한 결과 2개의 상위요인으로 영성(성경적 세계관, 영성, 복음전도, 영적 목표달성, 성령)과 전문성(존중, 자기인식, 전문지식, 경청공감, 의식확장, 목표달성)을 도출하였다. 수렴타당도 검증을 위하여 셀프코칭역량 척도와 상관관계를 분석하였고, 준거타당도검증을 위하여 코치의 자기효능감, 내재적 종교성향, 코칭만족과의 상관관계를 분석하였으며, 모두 통계적으로 유의한 상관이 나타나 수렴타당도 및 준거타당도가 검증되었다. 마지막으로 본 연구에 대한 논의와 학문적 의의 및 실무적 시사점, 그리고 연구의 제한점과 미래 연구방향을 제시하였다.

This study developed a scale to measure the competencies of coaches who provide Christian coaching and verified its validity. Christian coaching is defined as ‘a professional process in which the coach, the coachee, and the Holy Spirit work together to achieve the goal of fulfilling God’s will based on a biblical worldview and toward the gospel.’ Through literature review, expert interviews, and open-ended questionnaires, we developed 15 factors and 105 preliminary items regarding the concept of Christian coaching competency, and through a preliminary survey, 160 coaches who are currently practicing Christian coaching or who want to practice Christian coaching in the future were selected. As a result of exploratory factor analysis, 12 factors and 73 items were derived, and then the main survey was conducted. As a result of exploratory factor analysis on data from a total of 300 people, 11 factors and 47 items were derived. As a result of conducting a second higher order factor analysis on the 11 derived factors, the two higher order factors were spirituality (biblical worldview, spirituality, evangelism, spiritual goal achievement, Holy Spirit) and expertise (respect, self-awareness, professional knowledge, listening empathy, expansion of consciousness, goal achievement) were derived. To verify convergent validity, the correlation with the self-coaching competency scale was analyzed, and to verify criterion validity, the correlation between the coach’s self-efficacy, intrinsic religious orientation, and coaching satisfaction was analyzed. All statistically significant correlations were found, confirming convergent validity. and criterion validity were verified. Finally, a discussion of this study, its academic significance and practical implications, limitations of the study, and future research directions were presented.

Objectives: Team-based learning (TBL) expands in healthcare education to enhance students' competency in self-directed learning, effective communication, collaboration, clinical reasoning, and problem-solving in clinical settings. This study investigated students' perspectives in Korean Medicine (KM) regarding their clinical experience with a real patient in a pilot TBL module using a mixed-methods approach. Methods: A 3-hour TBL session was conducted with 36 final-year KM students divided into eight groups of 4-5 students each. The students conducted a medical interview and performed physical examinations and clinical reasoning for the patient with neck pain. Students were then surveyed regarding their satisfaction with TBL, relevance of the program's objectives and content, and suggestions for program improvement. Four students from different teams were interviewed to explore their experiences in the TBL class, and a qualitative thematic analysis was conducted. Results: Eleven students (31%) completed questionnaires. All students found TBL to be beneficial and satisfactory and considered it highly pertinent to their future duties. Interacting with a real patient facilitated learning, as students identified their weaknesses. Through team-based care, students actively engaged in discussions about clinical reasoning and treatment plans, thereby expanding their perspectives on patient care through their peers. The group activities reflected the characteristics of traditional medical practice, in which diagnosis and treatment might be timely completed in primary care, with multiple therapeutic approaches available for the same diagnosis. The students proposed promoting pre-learning, modifying group composition methods, extending class time, and modifying feedback methods using post-it notes to improve the TBL module. Conclusion: Group practice with a real patient facilitates self-directed learning and expands students' understanding of clinical reasoning and perspectives on patient care through live discussions. The pilot TBL module should be included in KM curricula to ensure students' sufficient experience in decision-making and communication before practicing individually as licensed healthcare providers.

본 연구의 목적은 디지털 과학 텍스트 읽기 문해력의 개념과 핵심역량을 정립하고, 이를 토대로 초등학생의 디지털 과학 텍스트 읽기 문해력 향상을 위한 디지털 과학 텍스트 읽기 (Digital Science Text Reading, DSTR) 프로그램을 개발하여 그 효과를 검증하는데 있다. 먼저, 통합적 문헌분석을 통해 디지털 과학 텍스트 읽기 문해력의 개념을 정립하였고, 3개의 핵심 역량(탐색, 읽기, 평가)을 도출하였다. 프로그램 개발은 ADDIE 모형과 PDIE 모형을 통합한 PDDIE 모형을 적용하였으며, 수업 설계는 EPE(Explore, Problem Solving, Explain) 모형에 백워드 설계 원리를 적용하여 목표, 평가, 활동의 정합성을 확보하였다. EPE 모형은 특정 과학 내용에 국한되지 않고 디지털 과학 텍스트 읽기 기반 수업에서 일반적으로 적용 가능한 보편적 수업 모형이라는 점에서 의의가 있다. 본 연구에서는 3차원적 공간지각이 요구되는 과학 내용을 디지털 텍스트 기반 수업을 통해 학습 효과를 극대화할 수 있도록 '지구와 달의 운동' 단원을 중심으로 DSTR 프로그램을 개발하였다. 연구의 효과 검증을 위해 개발된 총 40개 문항의 디지털 과학 텍스트 문해력 검사지를 활용하여 탐색·읽기·평가 역량을 측정하였다. 연구 참여자는 초등학교 6학년 학생 229명으로, 실험집단 114명은 4주간 12차시의 DSTR 프로그램 수업에 참여하였고, 통제 집단 115명은 교과서를 바탕으로 한 일반 과학 수업을 받았다. 프로그램 실행 전후로 디지털 과학 텍스트 읽기 문해력 사전·사후 검사가 실시되었다. 다변량 공분산분석(MANCOVA) 결과, 실험집단은 통제집단에 비해 탐색, 읽기, 평가 역량에서 모두 유의미하게 높은 성취를 보였다. 본 연구는 디지털 시대 과학교육이 단순한 디지털 기술 활용을 넘어, 학생들이 디지털 환경에서 과학 텍스트를 탐색·이해·평가하며 비판적으로 활용할 수 있는 역량을 기르는 방향으로 나아가야 함을 시사한다.

This study sought to establish the concept and core competencies of digital science text reading literacy (DSTRL) and use them to develop a DSTR program that aims to enhance elementary students' DSTRL and to validate its effectiveness. First, this study performed an integrative literature review to define the concept of DSTRL, identifying three core competencies: searching, reading, and evaluating. It then developed a program by applying the PDDIE model, which integrates the ADDIE and PDIE models, while its lesson design employed the Explore, Problem-solving, and Explain (EPE) model combined with backward-design principles to ensure alignment among objectives, assessments, and activities. The significance of the EPE model lies in its function as a universal instructional framework that may be applied to digital science text reading instruction beyond specific science content. This study developed the program around the earth and moon unit as it involves science content requiring three-dimensional spatial reasoning and is well-suited to maximize learning effectiveness through digital text-based instruction. To evaluate its effectiveness, this study developed a 40-item DSTRL assessment to measure students' searching, reading, and evaluating competencies. The participants were 229 sixth-grade students, with 114 in the experimental group, who engaged in the 12-session, 4-week DSTR program, and 115 in the control group, who received regular textbook-based science instruction. DSTRL pre- and post-tests were administered. Multivariate analysis of covariance results showed significantly higher gains by the experimental group than the control group across all three competencies. These findings indicate that science education in the digital era should move from the simple use of digital tools toward fostering students' ability to search, comprehend, and critically evaluate scientific texts in digital environments.

Introduction: The importance of clinical skills training in traditional Korean medicine education is increasingly emphasized. Since the clinical skills tests are high-stakes tests that determine success in national licensing exams, it is essential to develop reliable multifaceted analysis methods for clinical skills tests in actual education settings. In this study, we applied the multifaceted validity evaluation methods to the evaluation results of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation module to confirm the applicability and effectiveness of the methods. Methods: In this study, we used internal consistency, factor analysis, generalizability theory G-study and D-study, ANOVA, Kendall's tau, descriptive statistics, and other statistical methods to analyze the multidimensional validity of a cardiopulmonary resuscitation test in clinical education settings over the past three years. Results: The factor analysis and internal consistency analysis showed that the evaluation rubric had an unstable structure and low concordance. The G-study showed that the error of the clinical skills assessment was large due to the evaluator and unexpected errors. The D-study showed that the variance error of the evaluator should be significantly reduced to validate the evaluation. The ANOVA and Kendall's tau confirmed that evaluator heterogeneity was a problem. Discussion and Conclusion: Clinical skills tests should be continuously evaluated and managed for validity in two steps of pre-production and actual implementation. This study has presented specific methods for analyzing the validity of clinical skills training and testing in actual education settings. This study would contribute to the foundation for competency-based evidence-based education in practical clinical training.

범죄수사에서 디지털증거가 중요해지면서 법정에서 다툼이 많아지고 있다. 매체가 다양화되고 분석범위가 확장되면서 디지털포렌식에 대한 전문성 수준도 높아지고 있다. 그러나 아직까지 디지털증거분석관의 역량을 정의하거나 전문성을 판단하는 역량모델 개발은 이루어지지 않고 있다. 디지털증거분석관에게 필요한 역량을 도출한 일부 연구가 있었으나 여전히 미흡한 수준이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 전문가 FGI, 델파이 조사 등의 방법론을 활용해 총 9개의 역량군 25개의 역량평가 요소를 정의하였다. 구체적으로 디지털포렌식 이론, 디지털증거 수집 및 관리, 디스크포렌식, 모바일포렌식, 영상포렌식, 침해사고포렌식, DB포렌식, 임베디드(IoT)포렌식, 클라우드포렌식으로 규정하였다. 디지털증거분석관 역량모델은 향후 선발, 교육훈련, 성과평가 등 다양한 분야에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

As digital evidence becomes more important in criminal investigations, disputes are increasing in court. As media diversifies and the scope of analysis expands, the level of expertise in digital forensics is also increasing. However, no competency model has been developed to define the capabilities of digital evidence examiners or to judge their expertise. There have been some studies that have derived the capabilities necessary for digital evidence examiner, but they are still insufficient. Therefore, in this study, 25 competency evaluation factors in a total of 9 competency groups were defined using methodologies such as expert FGI and Delphi survey. Specifically, it was defined as Digital Forensics Theory, Digital Evidence Collection&Management, Disk Forensics, Mobile Forensics, Video Forensics, infringement forensics, DB Forensics, Embedded(IoT) Forensics, and Cloud Forensics. The digital evidence examiner competency model is expected to be used in various fields such as recruitment, education and training, and performance evaluation in the future.

Irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) is one of the main degradation mechanisms of austenitic stainless steels, which are used as reactor internal materials. Slow strain rate testing (SSRT) has been widely applied to evaluate the IASCC initiation characteristics of proton-irradiated tensile specimens. Tensile specimens require low surface roughness for micro-crack observation, and electropolishing is the most important specimen pre-treatment process used for this. In this study, optimal electropolishing conditions were examined through analyzing results of polarization experiments and surface roughness measurements after electropolishing. Corrosion cell and electropolishing equipment were fabricated for polarization tests and electropolishing experiments using SSRT specimens. The experimental parameters were electropolishing time, current density, electrolyte temperature, and stirring speed. The optimal electropolishing conditions for SSRT tensile specimens made of type 316 stainless steel were evaluated as a polishing time of 180 seconds, a current density of 0.15 A/cm², an electrolyte temperature of 60 ℃, and a stirring speed of 200 RPM.

Objectives: This study describes the implementation of a training course that aimed to increase the competency of undergraduate students of Korean medicine at a single college to obtain informed consent and perform bee venom acupuncture using an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Methods: We developed and implemented a short training course for 111 fourth-year students of Korean medicine during their clinical rotation at the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine. Lectures were conducted on the effects of and hypersensitivity reactions to bee venom acupuncture, obtaining informed consent, performing skin test and bee venom acupuncture. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some students were offered online lectures, and some could not experience the performance of OSCE in person. A survey with 16 closed and three open questions was used to investigate self-efficacy, opinions about the online lectures, and the OSCE. Results: Out of 111 questionnaires, 104 were completed (94%). Students were generally satisfied with the online lectures and OSCE. For the subjective questionnaire about what was helpful in the training of bee venom acupuncture techniques and OSCE, the authenticity of the teaching method was recorded the highest. Conclusions: This study showed that online lectures were effective in teaching clinical skills of Korean Medicine. It is necessary to produce standard educational materials for clinical skills of Korean Medicine, and studies to analyze the reliability and validity of OSCE are needed.

Objectives : This study reviewed existing studies on clinical examination of Korean medicine to investigate the trends and gaps of existing research on clinical performance examination (CPX) or objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) in Korean medicine education. Methods : We conducted a scoping review according to the five steps suggested by Arksey and O'Malley. Six databases(RISS, OASIS, KMBASE, KISS, ScienceON, and DBpia) were searched and studies published from 2012 to July 15, 2022 were considered. The subjects of the study were limited to domestic studies about OSCE or CPX conducted in Korean medicine education. Results : Among the 25 selected papers, 17 studies implemented OSCE or CPX in practice. Those studies were conducted in 8 clinical departments and 9 of them used standardized patients. All 14 survey studies reported positive answers in satisfaction, efficacy, and self-assessment. OSCE, CPX scoring items were developed by modifying existing tools or developing through expert surveys or through literature review and significant cases. Conclusions : This study is expected to be used as basic data for following studies and promote clinical examination. From now on, the colleges of Korean medicine should proceed research on large-scale students about extended subjects through various research methods to obtain objective results that can be generalized and acquire validity and reliability. In order to promote such research, it is necessary to induce cooperation from institutions related to Korean Medicine and local universities to develop modules, implement, and conduct post-evaluation.

Objectives : Instructional design is the systematic approach to the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of learning materials and activities. We aimed to apply the rapid prototyping to instructional systems design (RPISD) in meridianology laboratory, a subject in which students train acupuncture to develop lesson plan. Methods : The needs of the stakeholders including client, subject matter expert and students were analyzed using the performance needs analysis model. Task analysis was implemented by observation and interview. First prototype was drafted and implemented in meridianology laboratory class once. The second prototype was modified from the first, by usability evaluation of the stakeholders. Results : The client requested an electronically documented manual to improve the quality of acupuncture training. The learner requested an extension of practice time and detailed practice guidelines. The main problems of students' performance were some cases of violation of clean needle technique, the lack of communication between the operator and recipient in direct, and lack of confidence in their own performance. Stakeholders were generally satisfied with the proposed first prototype. Second prototype of lesson plan was produced by modifying some contents. Conclusions : A lesson plan was developed by applying the systematic RPISD model. It is expected that the developed instructional design may contribute to the quality improvement of meridianology laboratory education.

Objectives : In our previous study, we developed the prototype of a lesson plan for meridian and acupuncture clinical skills education by applying the rapid prototyping to instructional systems design. The present study aimed to develop a teaching-learning manual, including the lesson plans, practice notes, and instructions for devices. We also aimed to present a guideline on how to use the manual in class. Methods : The manual and materials for teachers and learners were developed based on the solutions and the prototype derived from our previous study. Practical classes on meridian and acupuncture points consist of four major subjects, and the lesson plan and practice note were designed according to each topic. Results : Flipped learning, George's five-step method, peer role-play, and peer-led objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) were applied as main methodologies in the meridian and acupuncture points practical class. The teaching-learning manual, including practice notes, detailed lesson plan, OSCE checklist, and instruction manual for devices, was developed to be utilized at each stage of the learning activity. Conclusions : The application of the teaching-learning manual is expected to provide effective clinical skills education, strengthen learners' communication skills, establish professional identity, assess learners' performance, and provide immediate feedback. The educational effect of the manual for the existing class should be identified, and its feasibility should be verified by implementing it on another group. This manual could be helpful in designing classes for other subjects of Korean medicine, especially for clinical skills education.