Earticle

The goal of this study is, firstly, investigation of the total housing stock in Daegu, and analysis of the characteristics of that. And the second goal is, in the dwelling site of the future, the proposal of the management program of the development density. Because of these goals, I used The Housing Yearbook, Daegu and the census data of the Korea National Statistical Office. And I found the characteristics of the data. And the continuous stage is the proposal of the management program of the development density on the developing dwelling site.

Color, which is functioning as a visual and emotional stimulation in our lives, has significance of its role as intermediating between environment and life. The color has an effect on various fields, in particular, it leads to the sensibility and psychological response of an observer being perceived as components of space with the form together in architecture. Therefore, it will improve residential environment if this visual perception effect and psychological response of the color is integrated with theory of color harmony. In this study based on the remark above, the emotion effect caused by characteristic of color and color contrast will be considered being carried with the investigation of the existing books and works about theory of color harmony. Further, as setting real axis and sensitivity axis for architectural psychology effect caused by color harmony scheme so that it can describe the walking direction of visitors, this study represents the purpose of establishing the relation among the color, architecture and human behaviors as suggesting systematic methodology, which can lead the walking direction only from the space effect and color that visitors recognize upon how color is used in consideration of intensity, accent and tone in architecture.

Historically the basic purpose of the building was to protect people from the weather and the external hazards. Especially, building skin is the physical architectural device which marks the boundary between external environment and internal environment. This study is about the skin design of the solar powered buildings, which provide the energy to buildings. I would like to suggest an applicable design technique, considering both solar powered building and building skin system. Through the process, this study is to classify solar powered building skin technologies and applications, and to grasp the design characteristics. Also suggest application techniques to be used as basic data for the decision of appropriate skin type in designing single building.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the change of the apartment units by comparing the unit plans after legalization of balcony extension with those before the legalization. The major characteristics of the change are analyzed in terms of types of form and size and spatial composition of housing units. As a result, it was found that the length and the width of the unit has been changed from a square into a rectangular form. And the number of front bays of the unit has increased due to the tendency of spatial extension and preferences for facing to the south. In addition, the balcony area has been widened to take advantages of utilizing the balcony area extension, and the prolonged width of the unit has contributed to the change of the spatial plan of the unit. Accordingly, these changes have led to the separation of the inner space and spatial change, and the design principles for relatively bigger size of units have been applied to the mid-size unit plan too.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the feature of exhibition medium's directing technique upon each subject after grasping types of exhibition medium according to sense experience with object of children's museum The results of the research are like following. First, 4 types of expression method of exhibition medium are classified according to participation degree and sense experience of children. Secondly, it came to be known that C-type, which makes children's direct experience of Hand-On type exhibition and play-type firsthand experience possible, is most highly used in children's museum. Thirdly, the place where all of 4 topics are being displayed were 2 museums, and areas of society, history and art are being displayed on all museums. And areas of physical body and play facility were being displayed only on 3 museums. Fourth, in analyzing expression feature of exhibition medium upon each subject, the areas of science and physical body and play facility were shown high in D-type, and A-type for society and history area.

Apartment is good type of housing by which limited land could be used in its maximum and mass supply of residential housing could be possible. but in terms of quality, it couldn't give satisfaction level of quantity and this is the reality of local government. Reconstruction of apartment houses supplemented limits of developing available housing sites, which occurred in the course of the cityward drifting of population and has been contributed toward solving the problem of housing shortage on consider of efficiency in using land. Until recently however, apartment remodeling, which the government pushing as an alternative to the reckless reconstruction industry, has not gained the same ground as in housing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current reconstructed housing projects, and questionnaire of expert, residents are made up and, then are analyzed. As a process of analyzing, some hypothesis are established and proved logically with statistical technic.

The purpose of this study is to produce the proper basic data of parcel division in industrial areas. This study analyzes the unit-loading factors of required areas for industrial facilities per a company or an employee in order to determine the proper size of each parcel, which has not been established by a certain formula. The conclusion of this study will save the cost of industrial area development and contribute to the efficient site planning by avoiding excessive or insufficient supply of land, showing the appropriate criteria for parcel division with regard to location of industry.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the process production of space Tong-yeong of the Joseon Dynasty period, of Japanese colonial period by a theory of Henri Lefebvre. The city is produced to the compositeness activity of social relation by every period of the each by an one's control and social element. Therefore It was try to analyzed city according to the representation support of the space and the activity of the space to be represented. During the Joseon dynasty period, the representation support of the space was displayed symbolism of absolute space as military city. From the global contextualism point of view, landscape of city is the one nucleus city by the straight axis. During Japanese colonial period, the representation support of the space was colonization city. It was performed for economic interests and benefits for residential Japanese. Landscape of city is dual structure by the straight axis and the horizontal axis.

Modern buildings should be preserved and restored because they show various kinds of modern materials, structures and forms, and even reflect the passage of time. They also reproduce sociocultural situation of the day. Moreover, the modern architecture makes connection between the past and the present time, thereby serving as good educational methods. Accordingly, it is one of the most important tasks to preserve and restore them. In this respect, this study reorganizes the specific meaning of the restoration and preservation. Modern design techniques are also examined on the basis of such meaning. Restoration is implemented in three aspects: meaning, context and image. This study is aimed at newly pigeonholing existing methods to preserve and restore modern buildings in Korea and suggesting new direction by examining examples of more advanced ones in Japan.

This study on the Facilities formation and change of the From 1876 to 1920 Busan Open Port Area. Through formation background of Busan open port area and position of key facility and change process, could confirm following special quality. Centers building was established first including public office in early formation of city, and facilities connected with commerce and trade activity that is characteristic of port town continuously were made a strong resolution in public office neighborhood. This time, similarity household mascot species facilities massing characteristic see. Also, tendency which residents is engaged in commerce was formed area that do service category of business by putting first standing out naturally, and this is affecting until present. It became local cinstituen minute basing on then plan now because land use and urban district road plan that is established at that time affect until today. Land that is established once in land use side can speak that is showing slant which keep long the special quality relatively.

This research aims to inherit the character induced from the relationship between living and spatial structure in Korean Traditional Houses. Space Syntax was selected as the analyzing tool because of its objectiveness in representing these type of relations in hard figures. Especially, inner/outer space shows phased differences according to the living activities which can be summarized into the four factors of individual activity, communal life, household affairs, and social activity. In other words, the mechanism of living within traditional houses was found to be in direct connection with spatial structure. This study analyes space sequence space Korean traditional residence, highlighting the perspective of living place that embodies not only visual design itself but also philosophical meaning embedded in. also, It attempts to examine the characteristics of space that variety space(that is "healthy space") for the people. In doing so, this study aims at contributing to a better understanding of the distinctive features of traditional residence by space sequence as well as searching a model to fit with a lifestyle of the Korean people.

The objective of this study is to interpret a environmental-friendly plan factors of Korean traditional settlement used of existing classification system. The existing classification system framework is five environmental ecological ideas as the adaptation to the adaptation to the exterior of village, the eco-space in village, the interior of house, the cycling of material and the reasonable energy system, prevention of environment pollution and reduction of wastes. Additional research was undertaken to verify the findings. Through the interpretation, it has been found out that Gang-gol tradition village has been developed to an environmental ecological rational setting and has the meaningful elements for environmental friendly housing estates.

The protestant modern church architecture was researched centering around Gwangju and Gangwon-do in Korea, recently. For comprehensive architecture studies, we also require researching of the protestant modern church architecture of Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do. So, this study showed status of the protestant modern church architecture and their architectural characteristics in Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do. It is fully necessary to research modern architectures before it is vanished. These results can be useful data for studying of the Korean protestant modern church architecture.

This study’s purpose is to find an agreement of two different views which are the policy that is focused on the preservation of cultural properties and the actual needs of residents who are living in the cultural properties. This agreement has premise of reanalyzing the true purpose of cultural properties and through this, we will be able to find the more rational way of preserving national properties. Cultural properties that are accupied with residents or utilized as few different ways are chosen to be the study sbjects. The reason that the resident properties are chosen is because that those are the cases of reflecting the needs of residents directly. To derive the true way of preserving cultural properties our study is based on the collection and analysis of the needs of owners, residents and managements of cultural properties which were done through site examination and interview, and understanding of the limitation of cultural property related administration. Developing the way to preserve the cultural residence properties more systemically and rationally will establish the important base of not only keeping them longer but also give a good opportunity to promote traditional housing, so we are hoping that this study can be one of the references of establishing a better way of preserving cultural resident properties.

This purpose of this study is verify on the regional identity space of inner quarters(An-chae) in the traditional dwellings. Through the study, it is maintained that the space of inner quarters and the elements of exterior space are very important to determine the type and role of the Toi.. The Toi of Chungchong is the general type which is composed of horizontal row of Tiogan in front of the Daechung and vertical row of the Tiogan in side of the room(an-bang). The Toi of Jeolla, Gyeongnam is the general type which is in front and in the rear of the 대청 and in side of the inner quarters(An-chae). The Toi of the Gyeongbuk is the general type which is front and rear of the Daechung and it is a type not to be in the side of the inner quarters(An-chae). The Toi that connective up the space of inner and outer quarter plays roles: private space, approach space, storage space, community space, connective space, open space and so on.

The purpose of this study is to show the architectural characteristics by photographing and architectural investigation about each building of 25 traditional temples in Busan. This study compared architectural features of each temple and building, as such I reviewed the irregular and systematic characteristic. In addition, this study investigated the style of traditional temple's site plan and location.

The purpose of this paper is to study on the modification and change of Palsang-dokseong-nahan-jeon, one of the Buddhist sanctum in Beomeo-sa, by the reconstruction at 1905. The results are as follow : 1. Before the reconstruction in 1905, two sanctums named Palsang-jeon and Nahan-jeon were separately established side by side. 2. In 1905, Dokseong-jeon was built in the gab between Palsang-jeon and Nahan-jeon. As a result of it, the two separate sanctums were connected into the one sanctum, and it has been called Palsang-dokseong-nahan-jeon.

cases of the route of kwanchalsa's sulryeok was investigated and those were shown through maps. Through comparison, Its some characteristic points were investigated next. Lastly, the ritual ceremonies held in regional cities to receive kwanchalsa was investigated. For these purpose two local officials's diaries - 『 忠淸監營日記』 and 『 錦營日記』 - were analyzed.

This study analyzes the actual conditions of residential transformation at Bangchon village, Jangheung-gun, Jeonnam to reveal its features based on the plane structure and the results of study are as follows. The number of spatial components was increased to 8.7 from 7.8. Bathroom and toilet which were not found when these were built were newly built and as storeroom was integrated into room and kitchen room into kitchen, the area of individual rooms was increased and sanitary space like toilet was newly built. Frequency of transformation by major spaces was kitchen>small room>kitchen room>main room>storeroom. Major contents of transformation were change of use, extension and division of rooms and as stand-up kitchen, water closet, hot water heating and boiler room were added owing to the development of facility techniques and functionality and living convenience of spatial use were pursued. Changes of these spatial components caused changes of internal space and external form of main room's plane structure. Changed types of plane were three; mixed type (13)> extension type, internal adjustment type (2). Such a priority of mixed type is due to the aging of residents and as main life space is confined to main room, kitchen and sanitary space, area of narrow kitchen and main room is increasing and sanitary space adjacent to them is newly built.

A research has been undertaken in order to restore the original bell pavilion of King Song-Dok Bell. And the historical background and the acoustic characteristics of the King Song-Dok Bell were investigated. The proposed model of the bell pavilion which is supposed to fit with the King Song-Dok Bell was suggested on the acoustical reasons. Considering acoustic criteria of King Song-Dok Bell, the following models for bell pavilion of King Song-Dok Bell are suggested as follows; 1) bell pavilion has the concave cavity on the ground for resonance of sound. 2) according to the natural sound frequency ranges from 64Hz to 168Hz, it's considered that the bell pavilion is constructed with many rectangular lumber and timbers as column, beam rather than 2-dimensional panel. 3) board panels could be placed between the lintel and a middle molding of a wall in order to reduce the effects of sunlights and sea wind. 4) the roof structure shows the form of bell pavilion which could magnify the ground waves. 5) a rectangular or a square structure which has an odd-Kan are proposed. 6) concerning the roof structure, a form of Pal-Jak is supposed to nearly close to the original form.

This study is carried out with a view to grasping the characteristics of the space composition of the upper class houses in Yangdong Village formed in Chosun Dynasty. In order to attain the successful research, we put on emphasis on the analysis, with the possibly prospective form of the original building at the time of its construction and several field investigations, on the types of house plan and composition of Anchae(section for housewife) and Sarangchae(section for husband). And also analyzed on the sited orientations of both parts as well as on the plan types according to the ways of approach into the An-madang(inner yard).

Various stonework that stone pagoda, stone lantern, stone bridge, stone embankment exists in Korea. Nevertheless, there is little study of the stonework for wooden building.. The subject of study is stone pagoda in a.d. 7~9 century. This study aims at shape, form, role, change in Tapgu that the verge element of the stone pagoda. We hope this study become preliminary data in a study of stonework and we looking forward to reading the variety study of stonework.

The optimum value of members consisting of end-plated connection were searched by using theoretical optimum, SQP method, and practical optimum. They were the theoretical and practical optimum value by bolt size, and the optimum value of cost function. The structure designer determines the member of end-plated connection. The SQP method is verified by investigating reliability of convergence and the structure designer can use directly the practical optimum value of this program. If we input the material property such as strength of bolt and plate and beam size, it is expected that this program is the excellent optimum design program that is searched the optimum value as concerns all end-plated conncetion.

This paper presents the results of application and numerical prediction of wind pressure distribution and coefficient over building cladding. The analysis of wind pressure assessment due to wind-resistant design and wind effect to surrounding buildings is important to building cladding. This paper simulates the wind pressure distribution to the building and wind flow pattern around the building cladding, and shows the usability of CFD analysis to design process of building. A Navier-Stokes-Solver with Quick spatial discretization scheme and RNG k- ε turbulence model has been applied to the computation of the three dimensional turbulent flow.

The purpose of this study is to verify an applicability of Balanced Model Reduction(BMR) technique known as one of the controller reduction technique, for an active vibration control in a base isolated structure subjected to the seismic excitations. A controller devised in a reduced order can have beneficial effects not only on computing time required for generating the input forces but also on the hardware implementations. The control algorithm used in the closed loop control system in this study is called Loop Transfer Recovery(LTR) method to enhance the robust stability against the uncertainties inherently existing in the mathematical model, resulting in a full order controller. The order of the controller is then reduced by BMR technique as the prescribed procedures. The performance of the reduced controller is determined from the time history responses as well as the frequency responses. The results indicate that the reduced order control system using BMR technique with LTR method(BMR/LTR) exhibits nearly identical responses characteristics to those of the full order control system in both the time and the frequency domain.

The resistance system to the lateral force has developed with high-rise buildings. The tube structure is one of the most effective lateral resisting structure system that behaves like cantilever basically. Setting up belt truss in maximum drift ratio story, seismic performance is better. This study adopts response spectrum analysis and pushover analysis to evaluate the seismic performance of the belt truss structures. To analyze the effect between belt truss structures and soil types, this study performed capacity spectrum method(CSM) under the seismic load. A intersection point of capacity curve and demand curve is performance point. In this paper, after searching for performance point according to return period, performance level is evaluated.

This paper summarizes the results of full-scale cyclic tests of weak-axis steel moment connections. A Weak-axis steel moment resisting connection commonly found in building frames is the web axis connection. In this type of connection, the beams are attached to the plane of the column web perpendicularly and it tends to bend the column at its weak axis. In this study, some of the fundamental behaviors of beam-to-column connections were examined by changing the connection details as well as comparing them with previous connection details. For this purpose, 2 types if weak-axis steel moment connection full scale specimens are fabricated tested to evaluate the seismic performance.

In this study, Piezoelectric (PZT) sensors were used for the damage detection of beam. A simple cantilever test was conducted for the measurement of sensitivity of PZT. Free vibration test was done for the cantilever test in which the tip was displaced by weight and released. A simple H-beam test specimen that has bolted splice was built for the simulation of crane girder damage. The loosened bolt was assumed as a damage of splice. The healthy structure means that all bolts were tightened by torque wrench following specified torque. The test results of PZT sensor for the healthy structure were used as reference values and compared with those of damaged structure. The impact load was applied using Schmidt hammer for constant impact at the location of one-sixth point of beam span, The voltages from PZTs were converted to FFT data and the frequency change and magnitude were inspected to identify the damage. The basic data to identify the damage of crane girder were suggested based on the frequency change and magnitude ratio for the different modes.

This study survey the characteristics of along-wind loadings based on wind tunnel test. To analyze along-wind loading, the High Frequency Force Balance Tests have been conducted on 27 types aero-elastic model of the rectangular prism with various aspect ratio, side ratio and surface roughness in turbulent boundary layer flows. In this study, expression of along wind loading are mainly analyzed as a function of the aspects ratios, side ratios and various roughness of buildings.

In preliminary study, the new strengthening material, E.M.S.F(Epoxy Mortar including Steel Fiber), that has high strength-toug hness characteristics was developed by combining steel fiber into epoxy mortar. And the influence of E.M.S.F panel on the shear capacity and shear failure mode of strengthened RC beam. The RC beam strengthening with E.M.S.F panel showed the improved shear strength and deformation capacity. The purpose of this study is to propose the design formula of RC beam member strengthening with E.M.S.F panel. The design formula to predict shear strength is derived from the equilibrium of cracked RC beam. By making comparison between the values computed from proposed design formula and those from the load test, the mean value was 1.07 and the stadard deviation was 13.35%.