Earticle

Using aeration reactor of high efficiency pure oxygen to remove the high concentration wastewater generated by the solution separated from food waste, the results got from a pilot test are summarized as follows. 1. The process composition to remove the high concentrated organic matter and the nitrogen of wastewater is the facilities to control the primary high liquid separation and the second biological control process is composed of the anoxic tank and the high pure oxygen aeration reactor and the separation membrane tank, and the advanced control is composed of the ozone and activated carbon treatment facility. 2. As the average concentration of 200,000 mg/L is separated into high liquid to mix with excess sludge, the water separated from high liquid is able to get the average of 32,000 mg/L, and when the load of about 20 kgCODCr/m3·d removes by the reactor of the pure oxygen aeration with high efficiency, it has been removed over the 98.7% to an outflow with average 422 mg/L. 3. As the BOD flows into the raw wastewater with 90,000 mg/L, an average concentration shows 32,000 mg/L after a primary high liquid separation and is able to get the effluent water under below 10 mg/L to remove 99.9% by the aeration reactor of high efficiency pure oxygen. 4. T-N represents average 1,520 mg/L when the raw wastewater with about 3,500 mg/L is separated from high liquid, and it is removed to the efficiency of 94.1% or more when it is controlled to inflow in the aeration reactor of high efficiency pure oxygen. 5. The T-P concentration of the separated liquid is average 723 mg/L and approximately 75% are removed by high liquid separation after a primary dewatering.

The landscaping of the interchange area is an important part of the highway. However, when the interchange area is far away from the city, irrigation and maintenance for landscaping are very difficult. Highway runoff is collected and treated, combining with automatic drip irrigation system may be an available way to cope with water shortage and maintain the landscaping. Furthermore, ecological structure, environment protection and economical development must be comprehensively considered in highway design. This paper took an interchange ramp area of Bingzhou highway, Shandong, China for example. A discharge system was designed to collect the rainwater and an automatic drip irrigation system was designed to irrigate vegetation in the slope of the interchange lamp. However, there are too many pollutants in the highway runoff to irrigate vegetation directly. The first flush rainwater diversion, sedimentation pond and constructed wetland were used for the treatment of highway runoff. The design of the integration of rainwater harvesting system, rainwater treatment system with supplemental irrigation into the vegetation of the slop can relieve the pressure of water resource by increasing water utilization efficiency, protecting the receiving environment, decreasing the wastewater treatment costs. It may provide a guide for the slope greening in other interchange areas.

In this paper, the Self-Organizing Feature Maps (SOFM) neural network is applied to analyse the multi dimensional process data, and to diagnose the inter-relationship of the process variables in a real municipal sewage treatment plant. The data set had been collected from a sewer system in the Gwangyang city, Korea. The data had been measured in the period of 1st January, 2004 and 31th December, 2006. The data set contains daily averaged values for each of the twenty three variables. Through the component planes visualization, it is evident that the effluent is related to rainfall, flow rate, temperature, MLSS, SRT, RAS and DO. Especially, rainfall, flow rate and temperature are the most important driving force to increase in effluent levels in the Gwangyang municipal sewage treatment plant. It is concluded that the SOFM technique provides an effective analyzing and diagnosing tool to understand the system behavior and to extract knowledge contained in multi-dimensional data of a large-scale sewage treatment plant.

Foams, originating from wastewater treatment processes and specifically aeration tanks, usually lead to a decrease of treatment efficiency, which results in several problems such as lower discharge quality, more maintenance cost, outbreak of offensive odors, and riskiness of accidents. Thus both detection probe and fuzzy control system of form are developed in this study based on economical and technical efficiencies. The foam-detecting probes developed is the ends of severed wires, which are virtually costless to manufacture and maintain, so numbers of probes can be installed to obtain the data required for judging the location, size, volume and duration of foam. The experimental results of this study show that both detection probes and fuzzy control system of form can effectively be used to detect form generation and also judge whether or not the form elimination device should be operated.

This study investigates the treatment performance of two different carrier types in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR). Two different carrier types were employed: regular shape carrier (RSC) and irregular shape granular (ISG) carrier. The results demonstrate that the airflow design should be based on the specific gravity and shape of carrier. Both the surface area COD (SCOD) removal rate and the attached biomass increased at a linear rate as the loading rate. The study found that the attached biomass on the ISG carriers was lower than those on the RSC carriers. This is due to hydrodynamic shear and abrasion.

Among some kinds of agricultural wastes such as orange skin, pagoda tree bark, Gracilaria, Huashan pine bark, Huashan pine cone, Huashan pine needle, Cedar needle, Tasson leaf, in this study, Huashan pine cone was screened as the most efficient adsorbent material to remove toxic Cr (VI) from aqueous solution. Adsorption experiments showed that pine cone powder was a good adsorbent for Cr(VI), under the condition of the temperature 30oC, adsorbent dosage 3 g/L, particle size 120 mesh, Cr (VI) concentration about 50 mg/L, Cr(VI) removal rate reached 100% within 15 minutes at pH ≤ 2, which reaching 80.6% within 2 hours at pH = 3. Electroplating wastewater treatment tests showed that pine cone was a good adsorptive material, the effluent heavy metal ion concentration can achieve the first discharge standard by controlling the adsorption conditions.

Arsenic is classified as one of the most toxic and carcinogenic chemical element, and removal of As (III) from water is of great importance. The adsorption of As (III) in water on ferric hydroxide and the influencing factor (pH) were studied. Results showed the adsorption process fitted the second-order reaction model, and the saturated adsorption capability can be reached in 4 h. The As (III) removal efficiency is the highest when pH is 6.8. The adsorption isotherms could be described as Langmuir’s equation.

Coastal area where have free cold and heat source provided by a large amount of seawater, is ideal sites for the application of seawater-source heat pump (SWHP) system to provide cooling and heating. Due to SWHP system providing higher energy efciency and protect environment, it has gradually been applied especially to some governmental key projects in China. In the first phase of Metro Qingdao, eight subway stations are close to the sea. It is convenient to pumping seawater as cooling source, so utilizing SWHP system cooling the subway stations is planed. This paper discussed the feasibility of utilization of SWHP system, from two intake ways. Firstly, bedrock fracture structure on coastal zone was analyzed to study the feasibility of pumping deep fracture seawater for cooling source of SWHP. And the water inflow of pumping test shows that it is infeasible by pumping bedrock fissure water as cooling source. Secondly, the feasibility of pumping surface seawater is discussed. And surface seawater temperature is low enough as SWHP system cooling source. Then SWHP system operation ways are designed preliminarily, and several solutions are proposed to solve troubles which have happened during the use of SWHP system, such as the location of intake and outfall seawater system, seawater causticity and clean technology. The result indicates that Qingdao has great potential for applying surface seawater as heat pump system cooling source in Qingdao metro.

Storm runoff from road contains significant loads of micro particles, heavy metals and organic constituents. The majority of storm runoff pollution is trapped in particles smaller than 100 μm in diameter. Storm water data collected from two road sites in the Chungbuk, Korea areas to characterize the road runoff. The quantity of road runoff and quality constituents, including COD, SS, TKN, PO4-P, TP, Fe, Cd, Cu, Cr and particle size distribution were analyzed. There were three major objectives of this study. The first objective was to characterize the road runoff and first flush. The second objective was to measure and evaluate particle size distribution of the road runoff. The final objective was the assessment of the hydrodynamic filter separator (HDFS) for treatment of micro particle in road runoff. Because many road runoff pollutants are associated with micro particles, new device called hydrodynamic filter separator has been developed for the treatment of road runoff.

This paper presents a systematic laboratory study performed to assess the effect of electrode configuration on the transport of Cu ions during electrokinetic soil remediation (EKR) process by observing pH and Cu distribution. The electrode configuration used in this experiment consisted of placing titanium wire electrodes into soil samples. In the first four soil samples electrodes formed a cathode-anode-cathode angle (CAC <) of 0o, 20o, 40o and 60o respectively, and a constant voltage of 2.33 V/cm was applied. In the remaining two soil samples, the electrodes were placed at a CAC angle of 60o and the voltage fixed to 2.22 V/cm and 2.44 V/cm respectively. A silty clay from Huangdao seaside in Shandong (China) was used for this work. The soil was artifitially contaminated using CuSO4 ·5H2O to obtain an initial Cu concentration of 554 mg/Kg. Generally the experiment showed that there were high levels of Cu concentrations located in between the electrodes in spots. These high concentration spots disrupted the uniform distribution contours formed closer to the anode. It was also discovered that the Cu concentration levels were lower with increasing CAC angle indicating that the most desirable Cu migration occurs with a CAC angle of 60o and an electrode voltage of 2.33 V/cm. Overall this study showed that with a 60o CAC < and an electric potential of 2.33 V/cm, Cu migration is optimized.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of carbonization residues of sewage sludge (CRSS) on the reductions of heavy metals and dioxins in leachates discharged from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. With the experiments, such as the base experiments to survey the physicochemical characteristics, and batch and continuous experiments to investigate the leaching characteristics of pollutants, the well-carbonized residue showed higher adsorption/reduction capacity than that partly-carbonized and covering soil. Finally, it would be expected that the use of CRSS as a covering soil would have a good effect on improving the leachate quality.