Earticle

As for offending allergens and multiple sensitization between indoor and outdoor antigen on male and female citizens of Seoul city, the sample cluster extract was performed using medical history data of Y medical practitioner's office for Otorhinolaryngology located in a new street of Seoul city. The study object was 262 allergy rhinitis patients who were checked as sure as symptoms through allergen skin test from January 1st., 2002 till December 31th., 2007. The reference data was the result of the same test using 15 units as diagnostic allergen extracts and all of 15 diagnostic allergen extracts expressed the high sensitivity in skin testing. As a result, the next could be obtained.1. As for attack of allergy rhinitis on male patients, the statistical significance exists in grass pollen(outdoor antigen) and Dematophagoides. pteronys․Dematophagoides. farinae(indoor antigen), tree pollen(outdoor antigen) and egg(indoor antigen) however the significance of female patients exists only in grass pollen(outdoor antigen) and cockroach(indoor antigen).2. Only environmental control for medical treatment viewpoint can not prevent allergy rhinitis and athma. Because the possibility of outdoor antigen reaction exists also in reversible action by loess and ozone and air pollutants like SOx and NOx and the others.

Sedimentation characteristics in the seawater of various type particles imitating coagulated spherical particles were examined. The sedimentation characteristics in laminar flow were performed using a glass column with height of 130cm, and diameter of 30cm. And the sedimentation analysis in turbulent flow was performed in the water tank with volume of 2.8m3. Experimental value and theoretical sedimentation rate by Stoke's law in case of using one spherical particle in laminar flow was similar. However, more cohesive particles indicated much distortion degree by increasing of vertical sedimentation cross section. It could be considered that the distortion degree of sedimentation rate was greatly influenced by particle types. When the artificial wave was given, the particle was precipitated in the form of parabolic orbit. The theoretical sedimentation rate of one spherical particle by Newton's law was showed ten-folds high of experimental value comparing with other various types of particles. According to the morphology of cohesive particles, although the distortion degree of sedimentation rate showed similar tendency in laminar and turbulent flow, the distortion degree was slightly lower in turbulent flow due to laminar flow.

As the exposure standards for p-dichlorobenzene is revised to the level of an advanced nation, it offers for the 10ppm(60mg/m3) of TLV-TWA and the 20ppm (110mg/m3) of TLV-STEL to strengthen to minimize the occurrence of occupational hazard of workers handling p-dichlorobenzene. The reason to strengthen exposure standards has a setting background to revise the exposure standard of the advanced nation and a scientific approach through a research data and a review for human and animal toxicity, and has a technical approach through a review for the application of revised criteria for exposure as establishing to improve the working environment to catch hold of the actual conditions of working environment, and synthesizes the administrative and economic basis of impact analysis of regulatory for the ripple effect to the domestic industry as the application of revised criteria for exposure.Specially, as the p-dichlorobenzene by the research results of the developed countries has an effect on the eyes, the breathing machine, the central nervous system disorders, the liver and the kidneys, and also is potential carcinogen of the liver tumor for the animal or human in the past concentration, TWA trends to strengthen below 10ppm or 1.7ppm and sets with considering the economic conditions through the exposure situation of our country and with considering to be able to take full advantage for health protection standards for workers. And also STEL is set to 20ppm for the health protection of the worker and the ordinary person toward to vision damage, dizziness, central nervous system disorders to be able to occur by the exposure of short term high concentration in the lab.

In this study, future status changes of Asian dust were investigated by the analysis of the change of generation conditions as the trends of desert areas changing(saltation progress) and monitoring the transformation of wind direction. It was found that the source areas of Asian dust were slightly reduced, and move to eastern area from western of China during recent 10 years. Because of these reasons, Asian dusts affect to neighborhood nations as Korea and Japan more severely than past. So sometimes it was happened to high concentration episodes, that maximum PM10 concentrations in atmosphere are 2,000~3,000㎍/m3.It didn't occurred that any remarkable transition of status on Asian dust due to the climate change till now except the slightly transition for winter at Gosan, Jeju. The transition of wind direction as westerly wind mainly occurs by the temperature change of ocean, but this result come into existence for several decades. So the transition of wind direction due to the global warming will be observe continuously in future during several decades.

The methanol addition was required for the biological treatment of the blast furnace wastewater, of which the C/N ratio was less than 1. We confirmed that SNR and SDNR values were changed by the amount of the methanol addition. But, it needed to consider that the surplus poured methanol could induce the increase of CODcr in the discharge. We confirmed that in spite of the change of SNR values according to the increase of CN- concentration during the operation periods, the nitrification rate of the total process was not influenced by CN- concentration. Also, SNR and SDNR were evaluated to confirm the inhibition of F- concentration. They were not influenced by F- concentration. It was thought that the difference of these values occurred by the operation parameters.

Hydrocyclones are widely used as a separator apparatus for solid liquid flows, because of their simple structure and low cost. The particle velocity distribution and particle tracking have been simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) k-epsilon turbulent model and compared with the laboratory scale hydrocyclone experimental results. It is well known that the solid removal efficiency depends on operation related to flow rate, particle size distribution of the feed and also on the geometry of hydrocyclone and underflow ratio to overflow. In recent years, a many research groups focused on the simulation of flow field and particle tracking within hydrocyclone using CFD and have become increasingly applied. This work simulated the particle velocity tracking pattern to efficiency prediction in a hydrocyclone. The flow field and particle traking of the hydrocyclone was simulated with commercial CFD code Fluent 6.3.23. The CFD simulated the velocity field and particle tracking will be useful tool to analysis the behavior of particles in the hydrocyclone.

Sewage treatment facilities for small community were investigated to 1,404 place in whole country, and the facilities capacity was observed that correspond to 0.44% among whole sewage facilities capacity (22,469,000m3/day) by 98,402m3/a day. As the discharge quality of small scaled-sewage treatment showed better quality when the treatment capacity was big from all regulation item. Removal efficiency of BOD 91.2%, SS 92.2%, T-N 47.9% and T-P 55.1% was seen in facilities of more than 200m3/d, and facilities of less than 50m3/d showed low removal efficiency by BOD 86.9%, SS 87.9%, T-N 40.7% and T-P 45.0%. It is judged that relatively bigger treatment facility was showing good removal efficiency because those bigger facility was operated well than that of small scaled treatment facility. In the case of sewage treatment facility less than 50m3/d of capacity will be admitted to public sewerage after 2010 and then will be regulated by stringent new discharge regulation. However, because the sewage flow rate from the less than 50m3/d capacity is small quantity, the polluting effect to receiving body of water was not great and it is hard to satisfy water criteria because most existing small scaled facilities was designed by BOD and SS removal first.

This study was carried out to determine concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in burning residues of barley straw and soils of farmlands conducted burning of barley straw produced from rice-barley double cropping paddy field. As a result, the concentration in soils of farmlands covered from 5.5 to 218pg/g (0.57 - 3.42pg-TEQ/g), and that in residues incinerated covered from 1.64 to 397pg/g (0.25 - 1.05pg-TEQ/g). Although this concentration was lower than that of Japan, it would need the systematic and long-term monitoring to decrease the background concentration of pollutants, in particular, PCDDs/DFs, and/thus it could be secured the safe food systems at least.

As the exposure standards for chlorobenzene is revised to the level of an advanced nation, it offers that the present 75ppm(350mg/m3) of TLV-TWA strengthens to 10ppm(46mg/m3) and the 20ppm(94mg/m3) of TLV-STEL is newly established to minimize the occurrence of occupational hazard of workers handling chlorobenzene.The reason to strengthen has a setting background of the exposure standard revision of the advanced nation and a scientific approach through a research data and a review for human and animal toxicity, and has a technical approach through a review for the application of revised criteria for exposure as establishing to improve the working environment to catch hold of the actual conditions of working environment, and synthesizes the administrative and economic basis of impact analysis of regulatory for the ripple effect to the domestic industry as the application of revised criteria for exposure. Specially, as the chlorobenzene by the research results of the developed countries has an effect on the liver, the kidneys and also the history of blood in the past concentration, TWA trends to strengthen below 1ppm or 10ppm and sets with considering the economic conditions through the exposure situation of our country and with considering to be able to take full advantage for health protection standards for workers in workplace. Also, the reason to establish newly is set with considering that the work characteristics has injection for melting chlorobenzene of intermediate products and has the situation as a lot of work and the work possible with high concentration exposure in short-term for sampling of the material response to confirm the status of reaction.

The cancer is one of diseases that are not yet found the causes. Even if the origin of cancer is as long as human being itself, it is an extensive field to be still studied, and also the biggest murderer to human except the heart disease in the civilized nations.This study was investigated about the saliva acidity and the life environmental style evaluation in cancer patients at an hospital in Busan city, Korea.Based on the results, the acidity in male was gastric cancer 5.2, lung cancer 5.4, liver cancer 6.0, colon cancer 5.7, pancreas cancer 5.3 respectively, and total mean was 5.5. The acidity in female was gastric cancer 6.8, lung cancer 4.5, thyroid gland cancer 5.8 respectively, and total mean was 5.7. Ordinary people's acidity by each generations was 7.0 in male, 7.2 in female as mean.The range of mean by cancer patients' life environmental style investigated by 5 point scale was 2.32~3.11 in total, 2.90±0.21 in male, 2.76±0.28 in female. All of those were less than that of average level.As the result of above, acidity of cancer patients is acid, the ordinary people's acidity is almost neutral. On the point that is going to the aged society in the future, for preventing the life environmental style disease, the life environmental styles need to be changed to alkaline physical constitution. Consequently, for preventing the cancer and promoting health, it is deeply demanded to educate about health promotion according to an active improvement of living conditions programs.