Earticle

The remainded solids of food wastes saccharified and the process remnants generated from bacterial cellulose production were fermentated using two-phase UASB reactor. The aim of this study was to examine the availability of methane sludge as a liquid fertilizer. The total nitrogen content in methane sludge was 0.08～0.11%. It is lower than a liquid fertilizer standard of official fixture(<0.3%). The concentration of heavy metals in methane sludge were not detected or lower than a liquid fertilizer standard of official fixture, too. The electronic conductivity of soil with and without methane sludge was 23.37, 18.16 uS/cm, respectively. In garden Balsam plants watered with methane sludge, both length of leaf and stem of the plants were 2 cm longer than control, and the stem diameter was 1 mm thicker. So, it was considered that methane sludge has availability as a liquid fertilizer and did not cause unfavorable effect to plants or soil.

dissolved solids, organic constituents and metal elements, which are usually adsorbed to particles. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the treating feasibility of SS and heavy metals in road sediment by filters with the hydrodynamic filter sepa-rator(HDFS) in order to adopt the road runoff treatment. A various type of filter media such as perlite, granular activated carbon, zeolite were used as single or mixed media for hydrodynamic filter separator(HDFS), and to determine the removal efficiency with various surface loading rates. As the results of laboratory test, the overall removal efficiencies of SS were 48% for perlite, 23% for activated carbon, 30% for calcination zeolite filter, respectively. For the case of heavy metals, overall removal efficiencies were 33% for perlite, 28% for activated carbon, 23% for calcination zeolite filter in case of Fe, 41% for perlite, 35% for activated carbon, 25% for calcination zeolite filter in case of Zn, and 39% for perlite, 33% for activated carbon, 31% for calcination zeolite filter in case of Pb, respectively in accordance to the surface loading rates of 200 - 600 m3/m2/day. Media with the highest removal efficiency was perlite, and next highest was mixed media with perlite and granular activated carbon. Therefore, appropriate media for hydrodynamic filter separator were perlite and perlite mixed with granular activated carbon media to treatment for road storm runoff.

Recently, many environmental policies have been formulated and executed to solve the environmental problems effectively. Consequently the actual analysis and prediction including evaluation on air pollutants are becoming more important factors in field of environmental policies. AQI(Air Quality Index) has calculated from U.S.EPA(Environment Protect Agency) using breakpoints and linear interpolation. ISCLT3 (Industrial Source Complex Long Term Model version3) and Rollback model has estimated the environmental capacity, and with the data estimated the city scale of development which are related with the accommodation. Results are follows the value of AQI in Chungju city shows index between Good and Moderate, but air quality is getting worse a little. The discharged amounts of air pollutants in 2010 are estimated to be increasing compared with those of 2004. By the result of simulating Rollback model, SO2, NO2 pollutants are expected to decreasing, but PM-10 increasing. So, some measures showed be required to decrease the concentration of air pollutants which are beyond the the recommend criteria of Chungju city, in spite of meeting the air quality standards

Higher concentrations of MLSS(Mixed Liquor Suspended Solis) in BNR(Biological Nut-rient Removal) systems and stringent effluent suspended solid concentration requirements demand a good design practice for secondary clarifiers. Although SOR(Surface Overflow Rate) and SLR(surface Loading Rate) are commonly used in secondary clarifier design, these parameters do not reflect hydraulics and solid-liquid separation within clarifiers. In this paper, the Clari-2D model that can simulate hydraulic and MLSS settling behaviors was used to evaluate secondary clarifier design in P water reclamation plant in Gyeonggi province, S. KOREA. Three parameters in settling equation were experimentally defined : Vmax is 14.718 m/hr, K1 is 0.242 m3/kg and K2 is 20 m3/kg, respectively. Steady and dynamic state simulations were carried out to find a diurnal inflow effect on clarifier. Also, effects of chemical addition to enhance phosphorus removal were simulated. With chemical addition, the hourly maximum effluent SS(suspended solid) concentration was found 8.8 mg/L. This concentration meets the SS effluent requirement that is 10 mg/L.

The purpose of this study was investigated to runoff characteristics and unit pollutant load of nonpoint source of first runoff from road during storm event. Road runoff generally contains significant loads of micro-particles, heavy metals and organic constituents. There were two major objectives of this study. The first objective was to characterize pattern of road runoff. The second objective was to estimate of the unit pollutants load from the road first runoff. First flush runoff for four storm events was monitored on three sites of road areas in Daejeon along with traffic volume. The quantity of road runoff and quality constituents, including chemical oxygen demand(CODcr), sus-pended solids(SS), biological oxygen demand(BOD5), total nitrogen(T-N), total phosphorus (T-P), heavy metals were analyzed. The results showed that the event mean concentration(EMC) of BOD5, CODcr, SS, T-N, T-P, Fe, Cu, Cr, Zn, Pb average rages were 66 mg/L, 272 mg/L, 263 mg/L, 13.77 mg/L, 0.52 mg/L, 8.937 mg/L, 0.130 mg/L, 0.113 mg/L, 0.616 mg/L, 0.171 mg/L, respectively. The average unit pollutants load for first runoff from road BOD5, CODcr, SS, T-N, T-P, Fe, Cu, Cr, Zn, Pb were 102, 298, 552, 23.4, 0.77, 17.24, 0.47, 0.09, 1.18, 0.58 g/a/day, and 1.243, 3.685, 3.282, 0.180, 0.009, 0.115, 0.002, 0.002, 0.010, 0.0035 g/a/mm, respectively.

Urban storm runoff from road contains significant loads of micro particles, metal elements, particulate and dissolved solids and organic constituents. Micro particle is important when considering pollution mitigation because pollutant metal and organics have similar behavior with particles. The objective of this research is to evaluate the Screen Trap device performance for simulated road storm runoff treatment. A various type of materials such as road sediments, silt soil, crushed paper, perlite, granular activated carbon were used for simulated particle, and to determine the removal efficiency with various surface loading rate. In laboratory scale Screen Trap study, the operation ranges of surface loading rates were from 227 to 1,862 m3/m2/day. The Screen Trap removal efficiency ranges were form 39.2 to 95% based on SS.

The objective of this study was investigate the emission of air pollutants at Ulsan. To estimate the emission characteristics of air pollutant was used with emission source data. Emission of air pollutants, which was estimated based on statistical method, was also proposed in this study. The results obtained are summarized as fellows ; The analysis of air pollutant emission was carried out with serveral sources such as point source, area source and line source. The main air pollution were pollutants such as NOx, VOCs and SOx and they were contained over 80%. As the results of survey on air pollutant emission, NOx, VOCs, SOx, CO and PM10 have accounted for 65,725.03 ton/yr, 63,462.75 ton/yr, 53,431.06 ton/yr, 35,403.85 ton/yr and 6,953.68 ton/yr in respective. he emission of total VOCs was estimated 63,462.75ton/yr at Ulsan and as the results of survey on VOCs emission, gas station, landfill, asphalt, paint and washing have accounted for 31.9, 23.5, 20.7, 11.5 and 2.9% respectively

As the clean water resources in Ulsan Metropolitan City was developed for industrial water supplyin the beginning, large amount of water is being supplied currently by Nakdong River and Daegok dam constructed in 2003 for the municipality and industrial expansion. Presently, Ulsan Metropolitan City consumes 331,000 m3/day of water for municipal purposes, 803,000 m3/day of water for industrial water supply comprising a total of 1,134,000 m3/day. But the capacity of water supply facilitiesis 1,719.9 m3/day. Thus water quantity is quite enough for Ulsan Metropolitan City. However, Ulsan Metropolitan City relies on Nakdong River for 70.8% of the water demand. As Daeam Dam was constructed as a storage reservoir for Nakdong River to supply industrial water of 500,000 m3/day after mixing with Dam water of 50,000 m3 /day, 60,000 m3/day of mixed water is being used asdrinking water source. Though the water is treated by advanced water treatment methods, much more is to be considered to secure clean water resources. This study investigates the feasibility of changing water supply system for efficient use of water resources regional clean water resource for drinking water and Nakdong river for industrial use for ustainable water management in Ulsan Metropolitan City. The study reveals that it may be possible to secure drinking water resource until the year 2016 without the construction of any additional dam and Nakdong river intake, if the current water consumption rate is maintained at 320 L/cap/day and Daeam Dam is used for drinking water resource by changing industrial water supply system.