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This study was to figure out the users' attitude and health behavior about bath therapy(full bath, half bath, foot bath) through a questionnaire survey on the public. A questionnaire survey was conducted about 400 adults in C city over the period of May–June, 2006, and 346 questionnaires was evaluated.Based on the results, the general public's preference was shower(52.3%), full bath(52.0%), half bath(31.8%), cold rubdown or cold bath(19.1%), sauna(15.0%), and foot bath(9.0%) in order.The reason about taking a bath was sanitation, recuperation, habit, healthcare, beauty care, stress relief, disease relief, and pain relief in order. And the effect of bath was recuperation, health improvement, stress relief, skin care, and disease and pain relief in order. The best bath for health was full bath(48.3%), half bath(43.9%), and foot bath(7.8%).In effect of bath according to health conditions, static correlation has been observed in stress relief, disease & pain relief, and beauty care(full-body bath), stress relief and health improvement(half bath), and skin care(foot bath).As shown above results, people have preferred full bath, half bath and foot bath in order, and the health improvement effect was same as well.However, the result could turn out differently depending on gender, age, bathing temperature, bathing time, and disease. Therefore, a further study on health improvement effect by bath method depending on disease needs to be conducted. Besides, proper public health education has to be followed.

In this study, a new equipment which is based on rapid coagulation and sedimentation method was developed and evaluated with its performance. Its equipment was named as HCIS(High-rate Coagulation & Inclined Settler), which was composed of coagulation, flocculation, and inclined settling, and was tested for the removal efficiency of pollutant and floc size.Results of experimental study on HCIS shows that it removes 86~96% of colloidal materials on an average. From the distribution of floc size of sample water, turbidity became from 10 to 20 times bigger than size of raw sample water after coagulation and those flocs settle well on the inclined settling tank. T-P and SS removal rate were slight higher than those of existing other equipments. It was concluded that HCIS was showed the pssibility to make use of the device treating nonpoint pollutant such as road storm runoff.

In this study, a GPS-X model was used to design the advanced treatment process of petrochemical wastewater, and the operating conditions and treatment process were determinated by computer simulation. An A2O process using an ASM2d model of GPS-X was simulated for evaluation of the treatment efficiency of petrochemical wastewater.The fraction of Ss, Si, Xs and Xi of influent COD in petrochemical wastewater were 14.5%, 27%, 14.5%, and 44%, respectively. These value were two times more than those of general municipal sewage. Removal efficiencies of BOD5, COD, SS, TN and TP in the A2O process were 96%, 66%, 87%, 86% and 58%, respectively. The reason of low COD removal efficiency of effluent caused to the hardly treated inert organic matter in influent. Also, lower removal efficiency of TP caused to the lower biodegradable COD concentration in petrochemical wastewater. Increment of SRT in each stages showed a little improvement in treatment efficiency. The addition of coagulants to the pre-treatment basin was one of the alternative methods for improvement of the treatment efficiency of petrochemical wastewater. Soluble inert organic matters were removed more 25% and particulated inert organic matters were almost removed.

Water quality modeling was performed for the purpose of prediction after development of upper watershed of an agricultural reservoir, using WASP7 model. The agricultural reservoir was divided into 5 segments. Water quality for modeling were consist of DO, BOD5, Chlorophyll-a, TN, and TP. The results of water quality modeling using WASP7, a range of relative error for calibration of DO, BOD5, Chlorophyll-a, TN, TP according to annual average are 12%, 25%, 0.6%, 2.8% and 37%, respectively. After upstream watershed development, in case of without nonpoint pollution control, the increased water quality concentration of BOD5, TN, TP were 5.47mg/L, TN 1.74mg/L, and TP 0.131mg/L, respectively. In case of with nonpoint pollution control, the increased concentration of BOD5, TN, TP were 2.79mg/L, TN 0.26mg/L, and TP 0.083mg/L, respectively.

This study is a fundamental research to test the applicability of powdered MSWI(Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator) ash melted slag as seed material for crystallization reaction. Powdered ash melted slag wsa melted at 1,100℃ and ground to lesser than 0.35mm. The effect of initial calcium concentration, alkalinity, reaction temperature condition and powdered ash melted slag dosage to crystallization reaction were studied by batch test.According to the result of the tests, the calcium, necessary to crystallization reaction, was contained in powdered ash melted slag by 15.58%. And calcium, enough for crystallization reaction, was eluted from powdered ash melted slag.

This study was investigated the performance of hybrid denitrification systems using auto/hetero-trophic microorganisms to remove nitrogen from domestic wastewater. Results of the research showed that the reactor could be operated efficiently at the hydraulic retention time from 24.4 to 7.0hr. During the HRT effect experiment, the effluent removal efficiencies of NO3--N ranged from 82.2~88.4% without nitrite accumulation and the effluent sulfate concentration was lower than 46.8mg/L. The maximum volume-loading rate of the reactor was 55.9g NO3--N/m3․d. The maximum auto/heterotrophic denitrification rate is about 41.4g NO3--N/m3․d during this experiment.

Traditional temples in Korea have been located in forest because of the development of zen since Silla-Dynasty, which made the temple the owner of the forest. The religious principles of Buddhism encourages the pro-environmental life style and the conservation of nature. Thus, the temples played an important role in the conservation of the forest where they located.Ths purpose of the research is to investigate the ecological status of the forest owned by a traditional temple. The study site was the Toham forest owned by Bulguk temple in Kyeong-ju. The important findings of the study are as follows :1) Pinus densiflora is distributed mainly in the site. The pine trees located very near the temple show different forest structure and age compared to those located distant from the temple.2) Specifically, the pine trees located near the temple have lower species diversity and higher appearance of exotic species due to the consistent artificial maintenance from the temple. The average age of the tree is estimated about 100 years old.3) The pine trees located distant from the temple maintain the natural status of pine forest, and the average age is estimated about 40 years old. 4)Besides Pinus densiflora, Quercus variabilis and Quercus serrata are expanding their growth now, which will be very competitive in the future.

COD can be divided into biodegradable and nonbiodegradable fractions on the basis of biodegradability and the biodegradable COD might be subdivided into readily and slowly biodegradable fractions. These subdivision of COD could influence an the performance of biological nutrient removal(BNR) process and optimization of the treatment plant design. In this study, total COD of municipal wastewater was subdivided into readily and slowly biodegradable COD(Ss and Xs) as well as soluble and particulate inert COD(Si and Xi). The COD fractionation of the municipal wastewater were investigated for the five cities in Chungnam area by nitrate uptake rate(NUR) and flocculation method. Ss fraction were from 16.3 to 27.1 % of the influent COD by NUR method and from 10.2 to 21.6% of the influent COD by flocculation method. Xs fraction were from 16 to 30% of the influent COD by NUR method, the flocculation method could not distinguish between Xs and Xi. Therefore, the specific subdivided COD fractions can be utilized specific parameters for the design of nutrient removal process. A Correlation between NUR method and flocculation method showed R square value of 0.85 therefore Ss value could get easy and fast using flocculation method.

This study presents performance of reactor by dry anaerobic digestion with organic solid wastes. Dry anaerobic digester was operated to examine for biogas production from mixed organic solid waste(food waste/tissue paper ratio of 8:2). As experimental results, biogas producting rates in feeding of 100g, 200g, and 500g were average 14.5L/d, 47.6L/d, and 109.7L/d, respectively. The fraction of TS and VS of organic materials was reduced 55% and 77% in 200g/day, and 54% and 74% in 500g/d, respectively. However, methane production rates were indicated with 7.8L/d in OLR of 1.66kg VS/m3, 25.4L/d, 3.32kg VS/m3․d and 64.9L/d in OLR of 8.31kg VS/m3․d.