Earticle

This study primarily focused on analyzing the motivating factors that should be addressed proactively to provide fundamental data for the sustained participation in marine leisure sports. To achieve this, data was collected from 217 participants using purposive sampling at marine leisure experience facilities. The study yielded the following results: First, the motivations for participating in marine leisure sports were ranked in the following order: intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation. Second, differences in motivation based on personal characteristics were observed, except for the specific sport. Differences in motivation were noted based on gender, age group, experience level, and cost. In conclusion, marketing strategies for promoting the activation of marine leisure sports should adopt a differentiated approach based on individual characteristics. Overall, it is essential to recognize that participants exhibit a significant level of amotivation, and efforts are urgently needed to facilitate motivation conversion. This may include organizing competitions and exhibitions tailored to the interests of participants, establishing systems for obtaining marine leisure sports information, and providing a variety of promotional and educational programs

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of routine training with an externalized attention focus on tennis players' self-efficacy and skill level in a competitive serve situation. The subjects were high school freshman players with 7 years of experience. The test instruments were the Test of Psychological Skills in Sports (TOPS-2), the Test of Psychological Skills in Tennis, and a self-efficacy questionnaire tailored to tennis. Psychological counseling and psychological skills training were conducted 16 times over a period of about three months from July to the end of October 2023, taking about one to three hours per session. As a result, the sports performance strategy test showed improvements in emotion control, automatic performance, relaxation, and negative thoughts. On the Tennis Psychological Skills Test, anxiety control, confidence, and ability to focus attention improved. In terms of self-efficacy, there was a significant increase in self-efficacy on the backhand, and as a result of applying the routine training based on externalized focus in competitive situations, the success rate of the technique on the first and second serve improved by about 10% or more. However, this study was unable to measure and observe the process of change in competition at the final stage of sports psychological skills training. In a follow-up study, it is necessary to check how the improvement of mental and technical skills in practice situations is transferred to actual matches.

The purpose of this study is to study awareness on dietary behaviors, nutrition knowledge and nutrition facts labels among middle school students in Seoul, Korea. Total study subjects were 110 students, 27.3% was boys and 72.7% was girls. As a result of whether or not they had experience of reading the nutrition label, 64 (58.2%) of the respondents answered 'yes', and among them, 18 (60%) were male students and 46 (57.5%) were female students. am. The nutrition labeling system is one of the food labeling items, and it is important nutrition information because it helps consumers to choose products suitable for their health. As a result of analyzing dietary behaviors, it was found that boy students received higher scores than girl students. In particular, boy students showed the highest response rate to protein among the items considered most important among nutritional information labels. On the other hand, girl students showed the highest response rate to total calories. Through this, we can see that the nutritional labeling that is considered important differs depending on gender. Regarding nutritional knowledge, the percentage of correct answers was generally high, but education about diseases caused by deficiency should be strengthened. These results provided multifaceted basic data for middle school students' correct dietary behaviors and nutrition knowledge for nutrition education.

The purpose of this study was to review the studies related to pre-service physical education teachers’ self-efficacy towards inclusive physical education. To review the researches, there were two steps to select the papers. First of all, this study used the search engines; ERIC(Educational Resources Information), SPORTDiscus and google scholar with the criteria. Second, expert analysis was conducted to select the papers finally. As a result of this study, first the studies related to curriculum is that more than 15 credits of classes related to adapted physical education and more than two years cumpus based practicum showed the significant effect to improve self-efficacy of pre-service physical education teachers towards inclusive physical education. Second, the combined adapted physical education class and individualized education plan training showed also the significant effect to improve self-efficacy of pre-service physical education teachers towards inclusive physical education.