Earticle

본 연구에서는 기하학적 소재로 구성되어 있는 프뢰벨의 가베놀이가 발달지체 유아의 공간개념 발달에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보았다. 이를 위하여 만4～7세 발달지체 유아 3명을 대상으로 가베놀이 프로그램을 진행하여 공간조망능력의 변화를 알아보았으며, 이러한 변인 간 기능적 관계 검증을 위해 대상자간 중다간헐기초선설계를 이용하였다. 김정옥(1985)이 제작한 공간조망능력 검사 도구를 조정하여 재인적 및 추론적 조망능력을 매 회기 후 유사 동형 검사 도구를 사용하여 측정하였다. 연구 결과 기초선 기간과 비교하여 중재기간 동안 대상 A의 경우 평균 20%, 대상 B의 경우 평균 42.5%, 대상 C의 경우 평균 26%의 향상 정도를 보였다. 놀잇감으로 활용된 프뢰벨의 가베놀이를 통해 발달지체 유아의 공간조망 능력이 신장되어 포괄적인 공간개념 발달에도 긍정적 영향을 미침을 알 수 있다.

This study purposed to examine the effects of Gabe play activities using Fröbel’s Gabe consisting of geometric objects on the development of spatial concepts in children with developmental delay. For this purpose, we sampled three children with developmental delay aged 4, 5 and 7, respectively, and formulated a Gabe activity program for enhancing their spatial perspective taking abilities. In addition, we used multiple probe baseline design across the subjects in order to test functional relations among the variables. The children were tested using Kim Jeongok’s (1985) spatial perspective taking ability test, which presents a model house as a recognition task, and two bottles as a reasoning task. A similar test tool was used at each session. According to the results of this study, compared to the baseline, Subject A showed improvement by 20% during the intervention period, Subject B by 42.5%, and Subject C by 26%. In the results of this study, Gabe activities had a positive effect on developmental delay children’s recognition and reasoning in their spatial perspective taking abilities, and this suggests that Fröbel’s Gabe can be utilized as a play thing adequate for the development of spatial concepts in young children.

At present, most of economists and also experts have being made their extra ordinary attention on the theme of development of developing countries. Most of developing countries are now experiencing many kinds of changes in their economies. However, the problem is meanwhile they have to face other impediments in plenty which are belonged to their underdevelopment status. Sri Lanka is as a South Asian developing country has unique changes in its economic structure particularly after the introduction of open economy system in 1977. Based on the British colonial establishments, the country’s main exports are agriculture products. However, after the open economy system, the secondary export earnings have been proliferated. Particularly, garment productions made predominant contribution to the export sector. For an instance, since 1950 to 2014, the industry sector has been increased from 19.6% to 32.3% while agriculture sector has been declined from 46.3% to 10.1%. In these circumstances, the garment sector acted as the centripetal force to create hundreds of thousands job opportunities particularly in rural areas. Meanwhile, the thirty years of civil war made an irreparable lost to the country in both the physical and human properties. After end of the war in 2009, the country has a big gaining momentum to proliferate her economy with rejuvenation by considering the existing ‘demographic dividend’ and ‘peace dividend’ as windfalls of success.

이 글은 지역정책의 핵심과제인 지역격차와 지역균형발전을 공간정의(Spatial Justice) 관점에서 재해석하는데 목적을 두고 있다. ‘공간정의’ 용어는 Soja(2010)에 의해 개념화되고 정의되기 시작하였다. Soja(2010)는 공간정의 관점에서 지역불평등 현상을 검토하고 비판하였다. 그러나 이러한 학문적 모험은 자칫 지역의 위치, 기후 및 자연적 특성으로 기인한 모든 지역차이를 시정하려는 오류에 빠지기 쉽다. 이러한 맥락에서 이 논문은 지역의 특성과 역사로 인해 형성되고 맥락을 유지해온 ‘공간유전자(Spatial Genes)’ 개념을 도입, 정의하여 지역차이(Regional Differences)와 지역격차(Regional Disparity)의 경계와 겹치는 부분을 규명하려 한다. 특히 이 연구는 지역균형(Regional Balance)을 정태적인 평균수준에서 탈피하고, 지역끼리의 상호작용과정을 매개하는 동태적 안정화 장치로 접근한다. 따라서 이 논문은 종래 국가 평준화에 목표를 두고 추진되었던 한국의 중앙정부 주도 지역균형발전정책이 공간정의를 왜곡할 가능성이 높다고 지적한다. 결론적으로 이 글은 지역마다의 공간유전자로 인해 나타나는 공간차이를 조화롭게 연결하는 대안적 지역정책을 제시하고, 이를 통해 공간정의 관점에서 지역갈등을 줄일 수 있다고 주장한다.

This paper aims at re-examining and reviewing regional disparity and balanced regional development programmes from ‘spatial justice’ perspectives. The concept of spatial justice began to be conceptualized and defined by Soja(2010). Soja(2010) reviewed and criticized regional inequalities from social justice perspective. But this academic venture can easily fall into the fallacy that all spatial differences should be reformed, even though these spatial differences are born with regional characteristics including location, climate and natural features. In this lineage, this essay tries to identify the boundary or overlapping area between regional differences and regional disparity by defining and introducing the concept of ‘spatial genes’, which have been formed and stemmed by regional characteristics and history. Especially, this article defines ‘regional balance’ as dynamic stabilizing mechanism to promote spatial interactions. For this point, this essay argues that spatial justice might have been distorted by those balanced regional development policies towards national levelling by the central government in Korea. In conclusion, this paper suggests the alternative regional policy to harmonize spatial differences cultivated by each spatial genes, thereby to reduce spatial conflicts from spatial justice perspective.

本研究从空间经营视角出发，分析顾客感知的美发店运营便捷性、物理环境舒适性对顾客转换意向的影响。近年来，美发行业线上预约系统普及，消费需求转向顾客体验导向，运营效率与服务便捷性的重要性持续提升。基于此，本研究以近6 个月内有美发店消费经历的顾客为样本开展问卷调查，最终纳入235 份有效样本，采用SPSS 27.0 进行频率分析、描述性统计、信度分析、相关分析、独立样本t 检验、单因素方差分析与多元回归分析。结果显示：运营便捷性对顾客转换意向具有显著负向影响；物理环境舒适性呈负向影响趋势，但未达统计显著水平。消费金额越高的顾客，对运营便捷性与空间环境的评价越积极；到店频次越高的顾客，转换意向越低。其中运营便捷性涵盖预约系统、门店可达性、服务流程便利性等维度，是影响顾客行为意向的核心运营要素。本研究突破了现有研究聚焦顾客满意、重访意向的局限，以顾客转换意向为核心，对比了运营便捷性与物理舒适性的相对影响权重；同时整合运营效率与空间环境两类要素开展分析，可为美发门店空间经营策略制定提供实践依据。

This study aimed to analyze the effects of operational convenience and physical pleasantness, as perceived by beauty salon customers, on switching intention from a spatial management perspective. In recent years, the beauty industry has increasingly emphasized the importance of operational efficiency and convenience throughout the service experience due to the adoption of digital technologies and changes in consumer behavior centered on customer experience. Under these circumstances, a questionnaire survey was conducted with consumers who had visited a beauty salon within the previous six months, and a total of 235 responses were used for the final analysis. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0 through frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The findings are as follows:Operational convenience had a statistically significant negative effect on customers’ switching intention, whereas physical pleasantness did not show a statistically significant effect. In addition, customers with higher beauty-related expenditures tended to perceive both operational convenience and physical pleasantness more positively, while customers who visited beauty salons more frequently showed lower levels of switching intention. In particular, operational convenience was identified as a key factor in preventing customer defection in an increasingly competitive beauty service environment. This study is meaningful in that it focused on switching intention rather than the conventional emphasis on customer satisfaction. Furthermore, by adopting a spatial management perspective that integrates both physical and operational factors, the study provides practical foundational data for establishing effective customer retention strategies.

본 연구는 괴테의 색채이론을 바탕으로 디지털 공간에서 감각적, 정서적, 경험적 색채를 공간색채로 정의하기 위한 목적으로 개념 및 분류 방법을 다음의 연구 방법을 통하여 제시하였다. 첫째, 이론적 고찰을 통해 공간색채 개념을 정의하고, 공간색채 분류로 표면색채, 테두리색채, 물리 색채 3가지로 유형화하였다. 둘째, 디지털 공간의 특성과 색채 시스템을 고찰하였다. 셋째, 앞선 이론적 고찰을 통해 유형화된 공간색채와 디지털 공간의 특성 및 색채 감각유형을 바탕 으로 디지털 공간색채 4가지를 테크노 색채, 센스 색채, 픽셀 색채, 블러 색채로 도출하고 유형화하여 제시하였다. 이와 같은 연구 내용을 바탕으로 본 연구는 괴테의 색채론이 현시대에 갖는 의미를 디지털 공간색채를 통해 체계화하였다는 데 의의가 있다.

Based on Goethe's color theory, this study presented concepts and classification methods through the following research methods for the purpose of defining sensory, emotional, and experiential colors as spatial colors in digital space. First, the concept of spatial color is defined through theoretical consideration and three (3) types of spatial color are classified as the surface, outline, and physical colors. Secondly, the study includes the characteristics of digital space and color sensory type. Third, based on the identified color sensory type through the previous theoretical consideration, the four (4) categorized digital spatial color were derived and presented as techno Chromatic, S.E.N.S.E, pixel, and blur colors were determined and proposed. Based on such research contents, this study is meaningful in that it systematized the meaning of Goethe's color theory in the present age through digital spatial color.

TV 플랫폼에서 원하는 콘텐츠를 찾기 위한 복잡성은 나날이 증가하고 있다. 컴퓨터 영역에서 이루어진 콘텐츠 관리를 위한 연구들을 참고해 TV에 적용할 수 있는 시사점을 도출하고, 이를 토대로 콘텐츠 검색과 선택을 도울 수 있는 방안을 제안한다. 컴퓨터 상의 정보는 대부분 현실 공간을 모사하는 공간적 은유(Spatial Metaphor)를 적용해 표현되고, 이는 사용자의 정보 확인 및 재인에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 제안된 정보 공간은 채널, 콘텐츠의 종류에 따른 분류와 시간 속성에 따른 분류를 포함한다. 시청자는 정보 공간 내에서 공간적 단서에 따라 콘텐츠 간의 관련성을 추론하여 선택할 수 있고, 시간적 순서에 따라 콘텐츠를 탐색할 수 있다. 내재된 능력을 활용하여 추가적인 인지적 부담을 최소화하는 방안을 제안하였고, 본 연구의 결과는 영상콘텐츠 기반의 다양한 서비스에 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

The complexity to search a specific content over TV platform is drastically increasing. Based on previous studies from computer data management system, we propose a new method that helps users to search and select content effectively. In general, contents over computers are represented by spatial metaphor, which replicates our physical environment and value systems about space. We suggest 3D lattice structure to construct information space for TV platform. Users can infer relevance between contents via special clue in information space, so as to select content more easily. Also, they can search contents through its temporal property that also represented in space. We make full use of our natural capability that can reduce additional overload to learning new interface. The results of this study can be significant and heuristic contributions, as they can be applied to diverse service areas utilizing video contents.

본 연구의 목적은 4차 산업혁명의 시대와 함께 코로나19라는 감염병의 시대를 힘겹게 살아가고 있는 현대인들 의 시대적인 배경 속에서 헤테로토피아적 관점에서 본 필립스탁의 공간표현 특성을 알아보고자 하는 것이다. 연구 방법 으로는 은퇴 후 더욱 활발히 활동하는 2015년부터 현재까지 인테리어 공간의 완공작품을 중심으로 총 11곳을 선정하여 문헌 및 사례 연구를 통하여 공간표현 특성을 알아보고자 한다. 결과로는 공간만이 가지고 있는 서사성의 공간표현 특성 이 가장 빈도가 높았으며, 장소를 표현하기 위한 시간의 중첩의 형태인 상상의 공간과 환상성의 특성이 상호연관이 있다 는 것을 알 수 있었다. 서사성과 환상성, 상상의 공간 특성을 사용하는 필립스탁의 디자인 방법은 헤테로토피아적 특성 을 충분히 나타낸다고 볼 수 있으며 새로운 공간의 설계 시 또 다른 디자인 방법론으로 사용할 수 있다고 본다.

The purpose of this study is to find out the spatial expression characteristics of Philipstock from a heterotopic perspective in the background of the times of modern people struggling to live in the era of an infectious disease called COVID-19 along with the era of the 4th industrial revolution. As for the research method, a total of 11 places were selected, focusing on the completed works of interior space from 2015 to the present, when they are more active after retirement, to find out the characteristics of spatial expression through literature and case studies. As a result, the spatial expression characteristics of narrative that only space has were the most frequent, and it was found that the characteristics of imaginary space and fantasy, which are the form of overlapping time to express a place, were interrelated. Philip Stock's design method, which uses narrative, fantasy, and imaginary spatial characteristics, can be seen as sufficiently representing heterotopic characteristics and can be used as another design methodology when designing a new space.

The open-campus model has attracted attention as a spatial approach to addressing challenges facing universities and their surrounding communities. In this model, the ground floor serves as a spatial interface between the urban pedestrian network and internal public spaces, providing a physical basis for university-community connectivity. This study examined how the extent of ground-floor openness affects the spatial structure of pedestrian networks across urban and architectural spaces, focusing on the Niagara Building at Malmö University in Sweden, and the surrounding area within a 200 m radius. Ground-floor spaces were classified according to access conditions as publicly accessible spaces (P) and conditionally accessible spaces (C). Three segment models were constructed: Model U, representing only the urban pedestrian network; Model U+P, incorporating publicly accessible interior spaces; and Model U+P+C, extending the network to include conditionally accessible spaces. Angular segment analysis with a metric radius of 200 m was conducted using DepthmapX. Changes in the values and percentile ranks of Normalized Angular Integration (NAIN) and Normalized Angular Choice (NACH) were compared across the external segments common to all three models. By integrating urban and architectural spaces into a single pedestrian network, the study examined stepwise changes in spatial hierarchy associated with different levels of ground-floor openness.

Affecting the effects of MCT evaluation of spatial cognition has a lot of factors. In problems of shape discriminate, when using a simulation model of MCT instead of perspective MCT model accuracy improved. In problems of quantity discriminate, by comparing the simulation model of MCT and perspective model of MCT, correct answer no bigger difference. Produced with the help of computer simulation model can help students to comprehend, but three-dimensional space cognitive enhancement is based on the experience of students as the main body understanding and the result of rational thinking.

In this article, the authors research on the effect of international mobility of talent impact on Chinese economic development based on nonlinear relationship. From the perspective of the heterogeneity of human capital, this article introduces brain drain into a production function and analyzes the relationship between brain drain and economic development of the home country, and this paper draws an conclusion that moderate brain drain enhance the economic development of home country, but the unlimited brain drain will weaken the home country’s production capacity. On the contrary, it will cause the loss of economic of the home country. On the other hand, this article use Chinese Provincial Panel Data during 1997-2014 to construct the indicators of brain drain, and then use dynamic semi-parametric spatial lag model to empirical test the above inference. And find that there is indeed optimal level of brain drain in our country, but the level of the eastern coastal provinces is too high which inhibit the economic development of this region. Therefore, develop differentiated brain drain policies for coastal and inland, be a reasonable guide to the transnational flow of talent is important to increase China's economic.

Environmental justice concerns, in part, the distribution of both environmental hazards and nuisances such that impoverished communities, particularly impoverished communities of color, contend more with the effects of industry than those who are affluent. As communities of color have organized to confront this problem, their claims of injustice have revealed significant issues across all sectors of environmental governance, both in the U.S. and internationally, and reflect failures of representative institutions in urban land management. In this manuscript, we derive a socio-spatial approach to management of facility siting decisions based on the research in environmental justice. Then we discuss some reforms to facility siting that have been proposed and implemented in the U.S., Canada, and western Europe over the course of three decades, and how these reforms can improve the legitimacy of facility siting decisions.

In recent years, the relationships and inter-dependencies between the countries in East Asia have deepened, and the vision for regional cohesion such as the East Asian Community have been gradually elaborated. A Grand Design for Northeast Asia is one of these comprehensive visions that aim to improve and develop international infrastructure through cooperation in the field of transportation, energy, environment, and information technology. This study paid attention to the possibility for a system for regional cohesion and cooperation in spatial development in East Asia, and analyzed the roles of the ESDP according to the requirements of the East Asian situation. As a result, it was understood that while the development of infrastructure is a main stream in the case of the regional cohesion in East Asia, the cooperative visions for the conservation of natural and cultural heritage, which are being positioned as an important policy in the EU, have not been seen. It is a very important subject to promote the policy cohesion/cooperation on the conservation and management of natural/cultural heritage and the development of tourism infrastructure for the sustainable development of East Asia, considering the trends in the growth of the interchange population and tourism market in East Asia. It was discussed that the role of research networks like the International Landscape Architectural Symposium of Korea, China and Japan is becoming important in supporting this policy cohesion and in grasping the present conditions and trends of the spatial development of these counties.

This paper attempts to explore the evolution of pragmatic marking function derived from a Korean locative noun the ‘ground’ from a grammaticalization perspective. As a grammaticalized nominalization marker in present-day Korean, the noun the exhibits functional-semantic versatility to varying degrees, such as modal, aspectual and epistemic stance marking functions. The’s development as a nominalizer is influenced by structural constraints. In this regard, this paper focuses on how the evolved from a locative noun into a pragmatic marking nominalizer. We first examine the development of this noun into a semantically generalized noun, by the use of diachronic Korean literature and a synchronic corpus (e.g. the 21st Century Sejong Project). Further, we analyze how this noun came to be reinterpreted not only as a clausal subordinator, but also as a copula-like-predicator signifying pragmatic mood when it occurs in the ‘copula construction’.

A hotel is not just an accommodation facility; it is a measure of the level of tourism in a certain region and a tourism product provided to tourists. Because the existence of hotels is affected by the organic dynamism of a city, changes in the spatial patterns of hotel locations have been recognized as a subject of ongoing research. Changes in internal space, in particular, may intensify on an island with an increase in tourists’ desire to visit, since external expansion of the island is impossible due to spatial constraints of its environment. Jeju Island, which is the subject of this study, is considered a representative “tourism city” of Korea and has special geographical characteristics of a volcanic island. Since the establishment of the first hotel on Jeju Island in 1963, a total of 494 hotels were established by 2019. This era can be classified into four periods, for the purpose of performing an analysis of location patterns. The four periods are the “seed,” “start-up,” “growth,” and “expansion” periods, based on three criteria: “hotel establishment trends,” “establishment of tourism development plans” and “related laws and regulations.” The analysis of the results shows that hotels were typically located in the heart of the city during the “seed” period but showed a strong tendency to be located in the newly formed “new” downtown area during the “start-up” period. During the “growth” period, hotels began to be located on the outskirts of the city or were centered around famous tourism resources. During the “expansion” period, similar proportions of hotels were found in the downtown area, on the outskirts, and in township areas centered around famous tourism resources. While hotels are generally concentrated in the downtown area and show a trend of spreading away from the city center, based on transportation accessibility, hotel locations around famous tourist resources present a new area of interest owing to the nature of the subject of this study being a tourism city in an island region. Continuous research is needed to determine whether this phenomenon is a special phenomenon that applies only to a tourism city in an island region, or a universal phenomenon that applies to all regions.

절두산 순교성지는 우리나라의 대표적인 신성공간으로, 건축물과 미술품 등에서 종교적인 상징적 경관이 강하게 드러나 주변경관과 차별화되고 있는 장소로서 성소(聖所)로 인식되어지는 공간이다. 뿐만 아니라 박물관을 통한 교육과 체험의 장, 한강시민공원과 양화진공원, 그리고 성지 내 산책로 등을 통한 휴식·여가의 장, 즉 일상화된 경관으로의 반영은 성역화된 종교적 공간으로서 소외되는 것이 아닌, 그리고 일부만이 누릴 수 있는 공간이 아닌, 일상적 문화의 가능성을 제시할 수 있는 공간이라는 점에서 르페브르의 ‘재현의 공간’으로서 모색해볼 수 있다. 따라서 절두산 순교 성지는 종교적 상징만이 아닌, 일상을 통해 타자와의 소통이 이루어지고, 소외가 극복되고, 서로가 긍정이 되는 상태로서의 장소적 함의를 가지는 변화하는 공간으로 파악할 수 있다.

As one of Korea’s representative sacred spaces, Jeoldusan Martyrs’ Shrine shows strong religious significance through its constructions and artworks which differentiates itself from the surrounding landscapes. However, education and experiences at the museum and at the Hangang Citizens’ Park, Yanghwajin Park, and walking paths in the sacred place makes the shrine a public space rather than an isolated and sacred religious space for the privileged few. It can be interpreted as the ‘Spaces of Representation’ mentioned by Lefebvre, as it shows its potential to become an area of ordinary culture. Therefore, Jeoldusan Martyrs’ Shrine is significant in terms of religion as a sacred place but also has spatial implications as it is the place where communications are made, isolation is overcome and people become positive through the many activities happening in the shrine.

코로나19와 같은 범지역적 외부 요인의 영향이 상권에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지는 아직 알려진 바가 거의 없다. 본 연구는 서울 상권을 대상으로 코로나19에 따른 상권 변화를 파악하기 위해 2015년부터 2020년까지의 매출액 데이터를 활용해 상권 변화의 공간적 특성을 분석하는 공간분석 방법 그리고 코로나19의 상권별 그리고 업종별 피해 규모와 차이를 통계적으로 추정하기 위해 패널 분석을 통해 매출액 변화에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 파악하였다. 공간분석 결과에 따르면 서울 전체 지역 상권 공간적 변화를 보면 코로나19 이후 관광상권, 대학 상권, 발달상권 등의 매출액이 감소하는 추세를 보이는 것을 확인하였고 서울 상권 변화의 공간적 차이를 살펴보면 인구 유출이 큰 지역 상권에서 매출액 감소 폭이 특히 큰 경향이 있었다. 또한, 패널 분석의 결과를 보면 코로나19 직전 연도(18~19년)보다 확산 이후(19~20년)의 매출액 감소 효과가 더 큰 것으로 추정됐다. 본 연구 결과는 상권별로 회복 속도 어떠한 차이가 있을 것인지 등에 대해 논의할 때 실증근거로써 활용 가능할 것이다.

Little is known about how the COVID-19 have affected the retail market in Seoul. This study conducted a spatial analysis method to analyze the spatial characteristics of changes in commercial districts using sales data from 2015 to 2020, and a panel analysis to statistically estimate the degree of damage and difference between commercial districts. According to the spatial analysis results, sales of tourism, university districts, and developmental commercial districts have tended to decline since COVID-19. In addition, looking at the spatial differences in sales changes in commercial districts in Seoul, the decline in sales tended to be particularly large in commercial districts with large population outflows. As a result of the panel analysis, it is estimated that sales decline after the spread is greater than the year before COVID-19, and it can be seen that people have reduced non-essential consumption. The study can be used as an empirical evidence when discussing whether there will be a difference in recovery speed in commercial districts.

Using Lefebvre’s Spatial triad, this study examines how Song-dynasty Huaben construct the urban spaces of Bianjing and Lin’an. The development of Huaben reflects a dynamic cycle among space practice, representation space, space representation, forming a self-reinforcing mechanism within the texts. Urban practices?night markets, entertainment quarters, expanding commercial districts?shaped the locations of storytelling, social interactions, and everyday rhythms. These lived experiences were transformed into regional narrative styles and symbolic imagery, which then formed shared cultural meanings. Such representational spaces influenced institutional design and cultural transmission, as repeated narrative symbols shaped collective perceptions of the city and even affected governance and cultural production. Lin’an’s preference for refined living, for example, stimulated printing markets and literary consumption. Institutional changes in turn reshaped spatial practice, expanding urban cultural spaces and generating new themes and audiences for Huaben. This reciprocal “space?text” production highlights how the distinctive urban environments of Bianjing and Lin’an not only nurtured literary creativity but also developed in tandem with popular storytelling.