Earticle

The purpose of this study is to provide basic informations for satisfaction degree for school lunch program of elementary school students in Yongin city. The questionnaire for the 646 subjects of the investigation included degree of satisfaction in school lunch program, sufficiency of the amount of foods provided, time of supplied milk intake, the greatest effects on food habits after receiving school lunch program, and primary factors of effects on food preferences and food habits. More than $70\%$ of the subjects were satisfied about the school lunch program(p<0.05). Female subjects felt more sufficient about the foods provided. Categories for the sufficiency of the food amount had higher ratios in lower grade subjects indicating some necessities of adjustments for the amount of food between the higher and lower grade subjects(p.0.05). About $68\%$ of the subjects drank milk after the 1 st class. The greatest effect of school lunch program was to provide subjects various new foods, well-balanced diets and finishing the supplied foods up. The school lunch had good effects on the food preferences of the elementary school students indicating the importance of the program.

중$.$고등학생의 점심식사가 학교급식의 형태로 점차 전환되고 있는 실정에서 수도권에 거주하는 190명의 중$.$고등학생을 대상으로 점심식사 유형에 따른 만족도를 조사하여 학생들의 만족도를 증가시킬 수 있는 점심식사를 제공하는 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 응답자의 54.2%가 학교급식을 하였으며, 37.4%가 도시락을 싸오고, 3.7%는 시판 도시락, 1.6%는 학교내 식당, 1.1%는 학교밖 식당을 이용하였으며, 1.1%는 기타, 1.1%는 먹지 않는다로 조사되었다. 현재의 점심식사 유형에 대해서는 52.1%가, 메뉴에 대해서는 47.9%가 만족하는 것으로 나타났으며, 한끼 평균 점심식사의 비용으로는 2,000원 이하가 전체 응답자의 54.9%를 차지하였다. 응답자 중 도시락과 학교급식을 하는 학생은 각각 33.7와 55.4%의 학생이 현재의 메뉴형태에 대해 불만이유를 가지고 있었으며, 불만족한 학생은 시판도시락(22.2%), 학교급식(21.0%), 학교 밖의 식당(17.3%)을 이용하고 싶거나, 집에서 도시락을 싸 오고싶다(16.1%), 학교식당에서 사 먹고 싶다(8.6%), 기타(14.8%)의 순으로 답하였다. 또한 점심식사에 대한 불만을 점심식사 유형별로 분석하여 보면, 도시락의 경우 따뜻하지 않아서, 반찬의 종류가 다양하지 않아서, 반찬의 양이 부족해서, 국(찌개)이 없어서 등으로 나타났으며, 학교급식의 경우는 맛이 없어서, 반찬의 종류가 다양하지 않아서, 반찬의 양이 부족해서 순으로 답하였다. 가장 자주 먹는 반찬으로는 김치, 나물류, 불고기 등이었으며, 가장 먹고 싶은 반찬은 까스류(돈까스, 생선까스 등), 햄, 소시지 등이고, 가장 싫어하는 반찬은 당근, 마늘, 고추 등이 들어간 음식, 호박, 연근볶음 등의 야채와 나물류였다. 따라서 날로 확대되어 가는 추세에 맞춰 학교급식이 중$.$고등학생의 만족도를 높일 수 있도록 학생들의 기호에 맞으면서 영양적으로 균형잡힌 음식을 공급하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 여겨진다.

As the school lunch program is expanding to middle and high schools in Korea, a survey has been conducted to provide informations of the types and menus which are most favored on 190 middle and high school students in Metropolitan area. The sources/menus of foods relating to their lunches were proportionally ranked as: school food services (54.2%): individual lunch-box from home(37.4%); take-out lunch box(3.7%): school cafeterias(1.6%): and commercial restaurant, undefined, and skip a meal(1.1%). For the present practices for lunch, 52.1 and 47.9% of the students responded satisfaction on its sources and menus, respectively. A meal valued less than 2,000 won was paid by 54.9% of the respondents. In the meantime, 33.7 and 55.4% of the students were unsatisfied with lunch box from home and school cafeteria of the present lunch practices, respectively. The reasons against their satisfactions were enumerated as their preferences for take-out lunch box(22.2%), school cafeteria(21.0%), outside restaurant(17.3%), individual lunch-box from home(16.1%), school cafeterias(8.6%), and undefined (14.8%). For the individual lunch-box from home, two major obstacles, i.e., it is neither warm to eat, nor diverse/properly-sized in side dishes, were reasons for dissatisfaction of the students. The school lunch programs were blamed for its poor taste and lacks of variety and volume of the side dish which is mostly composed of kimchi, seasoned vegetables, and bulgogi. The most popular side dishes were pork- or fish cutlets, hams, and sausages while food with carrots, garlics or red peppers, vegetables like pumpkins, lotus roots, and seasoned vegetables were mostly disliked. It was concluded that the school lunch programs for middle- and high school students could be settled down by preparing with well-nourished food items that suits students' taste best and be served at right temperature.

This study was investigated to examine the dietary habits and satisfaction with a school lunch program for high school boys and girls. The survey was conducted on 416 students(208 boys and 208 girls) using questionnaire. Overall, 40.1% of the respondents reported that they skip breakfast, and more girls skipped breakfast than boys(p<0.05). The major reason for skipping meal was 'no enough time'(48.3%) and duration of meal appeared the highest ratio in '10~15 minutes'(51.7%) and boys having meal with 10 minutes were significantly higher than girls(p<0.001). When asked if they have an unbalanced diet, 58.8% responded "little bit do it but it depends on food". Vegetables were the foods most absent from an unbalanced diet. Additionally, 90% of all respondents takes a snack a day, and 21.5% of the respondents reported that snacks were the most preferable meals. In terms of a satisfaction with school meals, 70.6% of the respondents reported that they were "unsatisfied". Additionally, 43.5% of the students reported that they did not finish their soup. Moreover, 57.5% of the students reported that they were dissatisfied because that food was "not tasty". Based on the results of this study, the meal habits of the students were determined by various factors including gender. To ensure that boys and girls receive the proper nutrition, development of proper eating habits through school meals, nutrition education and a guidance during meal service should be achieved.

Objective of this research was for the purpose of suggesting a direction toward improving of school lunch program for elementary school students and preference of the program, while enhancing the efficiency of the provision of school lunch through investigation and study primary school students and their parents' understanding on this program. The questionnaires for students were responded by 320 out of 320 and 316 questionnaires were used for analysis except 4 inappropriate inquiries, and for the parents, 259 questionnaires were answered out of 320, and 255 inquires were used for the same purpose to the exclusion of 4 inappropriate ones. For the analysis of the frequency, percentage, average, the standard deviation, other statistic methods were used by making use of SPSS 11.0 program. The conclusion and suggestions of this study were as following. First, it was considered that the pupils and their parents' satisfaction of the school lunch program at the scene of elementary school was high in general. There was a necessity of the provision of school lunch on the rise by the parents' recognition of convenience that there was no need to prepare for their kids' lunch packs as well as the requirement for well proportioned-meals for their children. Also, overall, the inquiry of the taste of the school lunch was positive. Second, many students deserted the leftovers of the side dishes that they did not like which are soup, fish, vegetables, and so forth. Therefore, there should be measures to be taken and to be studied to minimize wasting of the food. Third, fixing a day of no-leftover food program was necessary for the sake of reducing leftover food from the school lunch, unbalanced diet, and intaking nutritionally balanced food. nourishing meals, also many students and their parents were aware of the necessity of that program.

This study was conducted a comprehensive survey of 39 elementary schools operating school lunch program in Seoul area. The purpose of this study was to investigate the realities of school lunch program. This method of the research was based on the interview survey with dietitian working at each school with prepared questionnaire. The survey was conducted for 16 days from Dec. 5 to Dec. 20., 1990. The results of this study were as follows ; (1) The average numbers of children supplied with food were 1,244 for each school. It was about 44.3Bb of the students enrolled in the school. The average feeding cost was 738 won per a child for a day. (2) Only one school was operating nutritional education as a regular educational program, and others were operating nutritional education off and on. (3) All nutrient intake except energy were higher than the RDA for school lunch program. (4) The ratio of animal food was 46.2%, and that of vegetable food was 53.8%. (5) The ratio of schools without sterilizer cabinet came to 56.4%, and that of schools without warmer was 97.4%. (6) The facilities for drainage, lighting, ventilation, anti-rat of a cookery were comparatively good.

본 연구는 기초자치단체의 교육 지원이 증가하면서 지방자치단체의 재정적 지원이 지역 간 교육격차를 유발하는 중요한 원인 중의 하나로 보고, 기초자치단체의 교육지원 현황과 문제점을 분석하고, 그 개선방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 분석 결과 현행 기초자치단체 교육지원의 문제점으로는 1) 자치단체의 재정 형편에 따라 지역 간 교육 여건의 차이가 심화된다는 점, 2) 기초자치단체 교육경비 보조금 재원이 불안정하다는 점, 3) 기초자치단체 교육경비 보조금의 상당 부분이 임의적인 목적에 지출된다는 점, 4) 중앙(광역) 정부 대응지원 사업의 재정적․법적 장벽 등을 들 수 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 1) 중앙정부 및 광역자치단체의 보조금 제도를 통한 형평성 조절 장치를 마련하고, 2) 교육경비 보조금 조례상 보조금 재원과 사용처를 보다 구체적으로 명시하며, 3) 지방자치단체 내 교육전담조직을 구비하여 매년 평가 및 환류 시스템을 거쳐 합리적인 지출을 추구해야 한다.

As much more local governments have increased their investments on education, local education finance may be the one of the most important factors that cause considerable educational gaps among regions. Therefore, this study examines the current status of the local education finance, finds problems, and suggests solutions. This study finds following problems by analyzing the trends of local spending on education. First, rich local governments have much better environments for education. Second, the amount of local education finance fluctuates. Third, several local governments often use their education finance for discretionary purposes. Fourth, poor local governments have difficulty in participating national supporting programs due to the demanding conditions. Fifth, there are very few organizations and evaluation systems for education in local governments. In order to solve these problems, this study suggests that national government should establish policies for reducing educational gap among regions. Second, local governments should clarify the amount and the use of their funds in their regulations. Lastly, local governments should have the department which mainly handles local education and evaluating systems.

양질의 학교급식에 대한 지역주민들의 열망은 급식시설에 대한 지방자치단체의 지원에서 더 나아가 학교급식비에 대한 요구에 이르게 되었다. 그러나 지방자치단체 살림살이에 따라 지원이 없거나 적어 취지를 제대로 살리지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 또한 학교급식의 급격한 양적 성장에도 불구하고 2005년도 급식비 미납학생은 32,597명으로 2004년 17,630명보다 2배가량 늘었다. 중학교 단계까지 의무교육이 이루어지고 있지만 급식비는 수익자부담 원칙에서 학부모들이 부담하는 상황이므로 급식비를 내지 못하는 학생들을 위한 무상급식체제를 강화하는 것이 시급한 과제로 떠오르고 있다. 따라서 급식경비의 절대적 비중을 학부모가 부담하는 상황에서 지방자치단체는 급식지원의 우선순위를 설정하여 정책적으로 접근할 필요가 있다. 먼저 국가, 광역자치단체, 기초자치단체의 역할과 임무를 구분하여 상호 보완적으로 학교급식의 질을 제고토록 노력하여야 한다. 학교급식의 무상성이 국가의 책무이기는 하나 지방자치단체 또한 지역학생의 양질의 학교급식제공을 위하여 1) 학교급식비 지원 예산 확보 방안 강구, 2) 학교와 지역사회 협조 체제 강화, 3) 자치단체 지역거점 ‘급식지원’ 센터 운영, 4) 학부모 소득 수준에 기반한 학교급식비 지원 확대 등을 추진해야 할 것이다.안, 사교육 대체재 확충 방안과 사교육 공급시장의 합리적 관리방안 등을 제시하였다.

This paper discusses on the issues related to Free School Lunch Program in local governments to expand free school meals to all school children. Under the educational autonomy system having an independent education superintendent, responsibility of the local government should be one of the most important factors in developing policy alternatives for local education finance. Since 1995, lots of local governments have established an Ordinance related to local government's School Lunch Program to support school lunch program by city and county budgets. But students and parents speak out free school lunches that help poor families and are worth the expense, regardless of their family's wealth. The purpose of this study is to identify issues related to local government's Free School Lunch Program and to suggest directions to provide good meals to students by examining trends and current status of the central and local government's policies. In this study, several alternative policies to stabilize the Free School Lunch Program are suggested in accordance with the regulations.

본 연구는 현재까지도 정치적으로 쟁점화되고 있는 서울시 '무상급식'에 대한 논의를 주제로 그 정책에 대한 찬성과 반대 옹호연합 간의 담화를 정책담화모형(Narrative Policy Framework)을 적용하여 정책 담화의 다양한 구성 요소와 전략을 분석했다. 연구결과, 정책담화모형의 요소인 ‘등장인물’, ‘플롯’, ‘해결책’과 전략인 ‘상호 옹호화’, ‘상호 적대화’를 통해 정책이 입안되기 전의 갈등상황과 입안된 후의 파급 양상을 실증적으로 분석해 낼 수 있었다. 특히 반대 연합이 자신의 연합인 여당을 ‘악당’으로 지목한 11%를 비롯하여 다른 구성요소 및 전략과의 관계를 통해 다양한 해석이 가능했다. 이로써 정책담화모형을 적용한 정책분석은 다른 분석모형에 비해 내적요인을 실증적으로 분석할 수 있다고 판단되며, 이를 통해 옹호연합모형과 같은 양립 가능한 모형의 한계에 대한 대안으로 정책담화모형을 고려할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 정책담화모형은 다양한 관점과 입장, 그리고 갈등요소를 통해 정치 담론을 극대화시킨 점에서 다른 분석모형과의 차별화를 보이며, 한국의 다양한 정치적 쟁점에 대해 새로운 관점을 제시해 줌으로써 한국의 또 다른 교육정치적 쟁점인 누리과정정책에 관한 분석을 시도해 볼 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the policy of Seoul city Free School Lunch Program Based on Narrative Policy Framework(NPF). The debate between the pros and cons for the policy of Seoul city Free School Lunch Program was applied in Narrative Policy Framework. And It tried to explore the empirical analysis through a variety of elements and strategies. In the end It was able to empirically analyze the conflict situations before the policy-making and the aspects influence after the policy-makin through the ‘characters’, ‘plot’, ‘solution’ elements and the strategies of ‘angel shift’ and ‘devil shift’ of Narrative Policy Framework. In particular, the opposition coalition, including 11% who pointed out ‘villain’ that his the ruling party coalition was capable of various interpretations through the relationship between the elements and strategies. Therefore policy analysis applied Narrative Policy Framework empirically analyze better the internal factors than the other models. It seems to be considered by the Narrative Policy Framework as an alternative to the limitations of the model, such as Advocacy Coalition Framework.

본 연구는 정책옹호연합모형을 적용해 경기도 무상급식 정책의 도입 과정을 분석함으로써 무상급식 정 책과 관련한 여러 외적 변수들의 영향뿐만 아니라 정책형성 과정에서 옹호연합 간 경쟁을 통한 정책 산출 과정을 살펴보았다. 이는 경기도 무상급식 정책 도입 과정에서 대립적인 집단들 간 경쟁이 어떻게 변화되 어 정책이 산출되는지를 파악하고 향후 유사한 정책 갈등 사례를 둘러싼 정책결정과정에서 각 옹호연합 들이 어떠한 전략을 사용하여 문제에 접근하는 것이 바람직한 것인지, 어떠한 전략과 활동들이 적합한 것 인지에 대한 정책적 시사점을 제시하고자 함이다. 연구 내용과 관련하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정책 논쟁의 쟁점은 구체적이고 명확하게 설정되어야 한다. 무상급식 논쟁은 정치적이나 이념적 문 제로 접근해서는 안 되며, 대중의 지지를 얻기 위해서는 이들이 수긍할 만한 논리적 근거가 필요하고 정 치적이고 이념적인 접근법은 상대 옹호연합에 오히려 기회를 제공해 줄 수도 있다는 점을 경계해야 한다. 둘째, 정책 결정 과정에서 외적 사건들의 영향에 대한 고려가 중요하다. 무상급식 정책은 정책 결정과정 에서 외적요소들로 작용하여 타 자치단체의 정책 결정에 커다란 영향을 미치므로 이에 제반 사항에 대한 고려가 선행되어야 한다. 셋째, 옹호연합들은 각 옹호연합들의 믿음 체계를 관철시키기 위해 공식적인 법 적 지위 외에도 정보, 여론, 동원 가능한 지지자의 활용 등 다양한 자원을 적극적으로 활용해야 한다. 넷 째, 정책에 대한 원만한 정책 산출을 위해서는 정책 중개자 역할이 필요하다. 경기도 무상급식 정책의 도 입 과정에서는 격렬하게 대립하는 두 옹호연합을 중재할 수 있는 정책 중개자가 존재하지 않았지만, 엄격 한 의미에서 정책 중개자는 제3의 행위자들로서 이는 정치인들이나 관료, 시민단체 등이 될 수 있다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the policy of Gyeonggi Provincial Free School Lunch Program Based on Advocacy Coalition Framework(ACF). The analysis was accomplished in five dimensions applying external parameters(stable external parameters and dynamic external parameters), advocacy and belief systems(normative core, policy core, and instrumental core), strategy, policy brokers, and decision making and policy output. This framework enables individual to understand policy making process through various perspectives. The results of this study are as follows. First, substantial and clear controversial agendas need to be set up because the intricate structure of policies is crucial to get people’s support and participation. Second, the policy of Free School Lunch Program necessitates considering the influence and intention of external parameters along the values, standards, philosophies, political positions that compel societies to undertake improvement and change. Third, various communicational channels have to be organized to make advocacy coalitions share their opinions and cooperate and find a resolution for the formation of policy. Finally, the roles of policy brokers is very important to mediate a strong dispute among advocacy coalitions. Policy brokers could be third party including politicians, administrators, government officials or civilian organizations.

A survey was conducted to investigate the sanitary condition of school kitchens in one region of Korea. A self-administered questionnaire recommended by the Korea Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development (MOEHRD) was offered to a random sample of dieticians of twenty-five elementary schools for food, sanitation and safety inspection of their kitchens. Air temperature, relative humidity, and airborne microbes in the kitchens were monitored during food preparation, processing and service. The inspection results showed their sanitary condition met the level B of the recommendation of the Korea MOEHRD. The range of air temperature of the kitchens was 21.4∼22.4$^{\circ}C$, and the range of relative humidity was 62.4∼69.6%. The microbiological evaluation of kitchen samples indicated aerobic plate count levels from 22.5 to 26.5 CFU/15 min. These results indicate that the levels of sanitary condition of kitchens in the schools were not satisfactory for safe foodservice although the inspection showed good results. This study suggests that the school kitchens should be monitored and strict inspection is necessary.

The study was conducted to establish the HACCP model for chicken dishes (deep-fried sirloin chicken, chicken and potato in red pepper paste, smothered chicken) sewed in 3 different elementary school lunch program during 2002. the hygienic conditions of the food facilities and environment were at the lowest limit of normal grade. Workers' practices should be improved: sanitary handling and proper holding of foods and utensils. Kitchen layout should be remodeled for separation of soiled and clean work areas. pH values of all items were over 6.0 which required careful attention. (omitted)

This study was conducted to investigate the improvement of primary school lunch program. For this study, status of school lunch program. opinions of students of primary school in Yong-in city were surveyed by anquettes. The results are as follows. Menus of school lunch program were contained main dishes(cooked rice with soybean, cooked barley, cooked sorghum etc.). soups(soy paste soup. soy bean curd etc.) and side dishes(fried chicken, salad, fish cuttlet etc.). Students preferred Chinese and American style food such as Zazang rice Tang su youk, fish cuttlet. Many students disliked Korean style food such as dried radish salad. stir fried mushroom, soybean stew and spinach salad. One-line food service was better than separate food service for school feeding system by opinion of students. In conclusion, present manues of school feedings were not satisfied to students. it is desirable the several type of manue rather than unique manue were served to students.

우리나라 중 ·고등학생들의 수산물에 대한 기호도를 조사하고, 특히 학교에서 제공되는 식단이 이들의 기호도에 얼마나 근접되어 있는지를 조사함으로써 학교급식에서의 수산물 소비를 증진시키기 위하여 전국의 중학생 892명과 고등학생 1010명을 대상으로 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 수산물에 대한 선호도를 조사한 결과 평균 50% 정도가 수산물을 좋아하는 쪽으로 답하였으며, '싫어하는 편이다' 혹은 '아주 싫어한다'라고. 한 학생은 10% 미만이었다. 2. 수산물을 좋아하는 이유에 대해 중학생이나 고등학생 모두 '맛이 좋아서'라고 응답한 비율이 각각 61.0%와 62.6%로 가장 높게 조사되었으며, 다음으로는 '영양이 풍부하기 때문'이라고 한 응답 비율이 2위를 차지하였다. 한편 수산물을 싫어하는 가장 큰 원인은 '냄새' 때문인 것으로 나타났다. 3. 수산물을 이용한 조리법으로는 중 ·고등학생 모두 회(중학생 28.4%, 고등학생 34.4%)와 튀김(중학생 21.1%, 고등학생 15.4%), 구이(중학생 20.4%, 고등학생 19.0%)를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 젓갈, 무침, 국, 전 등의 조리방법은 그 선호도가 10%에도 미치지 못하였다. 4. 수산물에 대한 기호도 조사 결과 중 ·고등학생들은 꽃게, 새우, 참치, 오징어 등을 이용한 음식을 좋아하였으며, 조리법으로는 튀김류와 볶음류를 선호하고 있었다. 5. 수산물을 육류와 비교하였을 때 수산물의 영양적인 우수성을 가장 많이 인정하고 있었으나, 수산물은 비위생적이고 조리가 번거로우며 맛이 떨어진다는 문제점이 지적되기도 하였다. 6. 학교급식시 제공되는 수산물 음식에 대하여 '매우 좋아한다'라고 응답한 비율은 중학생 6.6%, 고등학생 3.7%에 불과하였으며, 특히 중학생들은 매우 낮은 기호도를 보이고 있었다. 그 이유에 대해서는 '맛이 좋지 않다'라는 점이 가장 많이 지적되었다(중학생 14.7%, 고등학생 23.5%). 7. 수산물 음식의 개선방향에 대하여 맛이 향상되기를 가장 많이 희망하고 있었으며(중학생 37.7%, 고등학생 48.5%), 그 다음이 종류의 다양화(중학생 19.8%, 고등학생 24.0%), 조리법의 다양화(중학생 12.6%, 고등학생 22.4%)의 순이었다. 본 연구에서 중·고등학생들이 수산물을 기피하는 이유로는 수산물 자체의 맛 때문이며, 조리방법에 따라서도 좌우되는 것으로 나타났다. 음식에 대한 기호도는 식품의 종류에 따른 기호와 더불어 조리법에 따른 기호가 복합적으로 작용한다. 따라서 선호 경향이 높지 않은 수산물이라도 조리법에 변화를 주어 그 수용도를 증가시킴으로써 다양한 수산물을 섭취할 수 있도록 하는 노력이 요구된다.

A study on the seafood consumption was conducted from 1902 adolescent students (1110 boys and 792 girls) attending middle or high school to assess the attitude and degree of satisfaction for seafood being served in the school lunch program and ultimately to promote greater seafood consumption. A self-administered questionnaire was used to record the results. The results were as follows: Sixty percent of the respondents appeared to like or not to be reluctant to seafood. The main reasons for favoring seafood were its nutritious effect and taste. On the other hand, the reason for disliking seafood was due to its peculiar smell. In terms of cooking methods, the subjects preferred raw, fried, and grilled seafdod, whereas they disliked salt-fermented, seasoned and stewed dishes. The highly preferred seafood were crab, shrimp, tuna and squid. Only 6.6% of middle school students (MS) and 3.7% of high school students (HS) liked the seafood served in school lunch program, whereas the others responded 'so so'or disliked it. The reasons for disliking seafood being served in school lunch program were poor taste (14.7% of MS, 23.5% of HS), lack of freshness(6.3% of MS, 13.9% of HS) and unattractable cooking methods(3.4% of MS, 11.1% of HS). To promote seafood consumption in school lunch program, subjects anticipated the taste improvement (37.7% of MS, 48.5% of HS), use of a variety of seafood (19.8% of MS, 24.0% of HS) and cooking methods(12.6% of MS, 22.4% of HS). Above results suggested that further efforts are needed to provide preferred cooking methods and seafood items as a way of increasing seafood acceptability.

본 연구에서는 경상북도 의성군 농촌지역의 급식 중학생과 비급식 중학생의 체위 및 체조성과 영양소 섭취실태를 평가하기 위하여. 남녀 학생 340명을 대상으로 키와 몸무게, 체지방, 삼두근(triceps)의 피하지방 두께를 측정하였고, 식사 기록법(food record method)을 이용한 식품섭취 기록지를 배부하여 영양소 섭취량을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 체위 및 체조성을 살펴보면, 신장 및 체중은 남학생의 경우 급식교가 160.8cm, 50.4kg, 비 급식교가 158.4cm, 48.4kg이고, 여학생의 경우 급식교가 155.8cm, 47.2kg이고, 비 급식교가 156.0cm, 49.7kg이었다. 체지방율은 남학생의 경우 급식교가 18.6%, 비 급식교가 18.9%로 비슷했으나, 여학생의 경우 급식교가 25.0%, 비 급식교가 27.5%로 비 급식교가 유의적으로 높았다(p＜0.001). 2. 1일 평균 열량 섭취량은 남학생은 급식교가 2123kca1(88.5%)이고. 비 급식교는 1857kca1(77.4 여학생은 급식교가 1913kca1(95.7%), 비 급식교가 1814kca1(90.7%)로, 비급식교 학생이 급식교 학생에 비해 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p＜0.001). 단백질 섭취량은 남학생은 급식교가 70g(100%), 비급식교가 59g(84.3%)이었고, 여학생은 급식교가 62g(95.4%), 비급식교가 54g(83.1%)으로 급식교는 권장량에 근접하나 비급식교는 낮은 섭취량을 보였다. 탄수화물 섭취량은 비급식교 남학생의 섭취량(304g)이 급식교(342g)에 비해 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p＜0.001). 열량 영양소인 탄수화물: 지방: 단백질의 구성 비율은 급식교는 남학생이 64: 22: 14. 여학생이 63: 24: 13이고, 비급식교는 남학생이 66: 21: 13. 여학생이 65: 23: 12였다. 3. 무기질, 비타민 섭취량을 보면 남녀 모두 급식교학생이 칼슘, 인, 철, 아연, 비타민 A, 비타민 E, 아스코르브산. 티아민, 리보플라빈, 니아신, 비타민 B$_{6}$에서 비급식교 학생보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며(p＜0.001), 급식 유무에 관계없이 권장량에 미달되는 것은 칼슘, 철, 아연, 비타민 B$_{6}$이며, 특히 비급식교는 칼슘, 철, 아연, 비타민 A, 아스코르브산, 리보플라빈. 니아신, 비타민 B$_{6}$의 섭취량이 상당히 미달되었다. 4. 열량 및 열량 영양소의 끼니별 섭취 비율은 급식교 학생은 아침 19.1%: 점심 39.8%: 저녁 32.4% 간식 8.7%이고, 탄수화물, 단백질, 지방도 점심에서 섭취하는 비율이 유의하게 높았다(p＜0.001), 비급식교 학생은 아침 17.5%: 점심 32.0%. 저녁 34.8%: 간식 15.7%로 저녁에 섭취하는 비율이 높았다. 5. 지방 섭취량 분석에서 P/M/S 비율은 급식교는 남학생이 1.l1/0.93/1이고, 여학생이 1.25/0.97/1로 우리나라 사람에게 적합한 1-1.5/1-1.5/1과 유사하여 질적인 측면에서 우수했으며, 비급식교는 남학생이 0.97/0.93/1, 여학생이 0.86/0.87/1로 P/M/S의 균형이 잘 이루어지지 못하여 질적인 측면에서 문제점이 제기되었다. 6. 열량 섭취량과 체위, 체조성과의 상관관계에서, 열량 섭취량은 제지방량, 키, 체중과 높은 정의 상관관계를 나타냈으며(p＜0.001), 체지방율은 삼두근(triceps) 피하지방 두께, 체중과 유의적인 상관관계(p＜0.001)를 나타냈다. 이상의 조사 결과에서 볼 때, 조사 대상이 일부 농촌지역에 국한되었다는 제한점은 있으나 급식교 남학생의 신장 및 체중이 비급식교 남학생보다 다소 높았고, 영양소 섭취량이 전반적으로 비급식교에 비해 질적, 양적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 그러나 급식교에서도 영양소 섭취량이 권장량에 미달되는 경우가 많은데, 이는 단순히 점심 한끼만 제공되는 학교급

The purpose of this study is to analyze the nutrient intakes and growth development of rural middle school students provided with and without the national school lunch program(NSLP). The subjects consisted of 340 rural middle school students provided with(n=177) and without(n=163) NSLP. Anthropometric measurements were taken for body weight, height, triceps skinfold thickness and percentage of body fat, and nutrient intakes were assessed by food record method. The results of this study were summarized as follows: There was no significant difference in the height, body weight girls provided with (155.8cm 47.2kg) and without (156.0cm, 49.7kg) NSLP. Total energy intakes of boys were 2123kca1 in with NSLP and 1857kca1 in without NSLP. Total energy intakes of girls were 1913kca1 in with NSLP and 1814kca1 in without NSLP. Total daily energy was provided in the ratio of 19.1%, 39.8%, 32.4% and 8.7% by breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks in the with NSLP and 17.5%, 32.0%, 34.8% and 15.7% in without NSLP, respectively. Phosphorus, vitamin A, vitamin E, ascorbic acid, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin intakes were above the RDA in with NSLP. In without NSLP, phosphorus, vitamin E, thiamin intakes were above the RDA. however, calcium. iron, vitamin A, vitamin B$_{6}$ were less than the RDA. The study showed that total daily energy and nutrient intakes were significantly higher in students provided with than without school-lunch. Thus, the school-lunch program is recommended and necessary to improve the nutritional status of middle school students.

Many local governments have promoted school lunch programs to extend the market of local agriproducts and secure food safety from two or three years ago. The school lunch have several meanings of establishing food culture and customs, improving students' nutrition and forming the value of food consumption for local farming, not providing just a lunch. These programs should be promoted together by sound civil societies and the local government at local unit. Then this study shows how much school lunch costs are when ordinary agriproducts are substituted with environmentally friendly ones as school lunch materials. If national school lunch program(NSLP) using environmentally friendly agriproducts(EFA) is put in practice, the costs are estimated from about 2,136 billion won to about 2,974 billion won according to substitution cost sizes. And the component parts of NSLP system using EFA are the production base for EFA, school lunch center and commission, logistic program, public officials in charge, and so on.

본 연구의 목적은 울산 북구청의 친환경무상급식 추진사례를 통해, 제도의 도입 및 전개 과정에 영향을 미친 핵심 요인은 무엇인지 살펴보고, 그것이 사회복지학계와 실천현장에 어떠한 함의를 제공하는지 논의하는 것이다. 연구방법으로는 제도의 도입과정에 직간접적으로 관여한 단체에서 발간한 자료와 신문/방송의 보도자료 등 문헌자료를 분석하였으며, 부족한 정보는 주요 행위자와의 인터뷰를 통해 보완하였다. 분석틀로는 Stone(1989)의 레짐정치이론과 Kingdon(2003)의 정책흐름모형에 착안하여, 무상급식추진과정에 영향을 미친 주요 행위자들의 관계를 문제와 정치, 대안의 세 흐름을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 분석 결과에 따르면, 울산 북구의 친환경무상급식은 친환경급식에 관한 조례제정, 직영급식으로의 전환, 친환경무상급식 도입, 급식지원센터 설립을 통한 민관협력 공급체계 확립 등 몇 가지 의제들이 연속적으로 제기되고 달성되는 과정을 거치면서 구체화되었다. 내용적으로는 제도 도입 의지가 높은 구청장이 제도 도입에 우호적인 정치·사회적 환경 속에서 전문성을 갖춘 시민사회 활동가와의 공식적인 협력체계를 구축함으로써 제도 도입에 성공할 수 있었던 것으로 보인다. 이상의 분석내용을 토대로 울산 북구의 사례가 사회복지실천 현장과 학계에 제기하는 정책적·실천적 함의에 대해 논의하였다.

Recently, social welfare, which used to be treated as a minor issue, becomes a major player in social and political playground in Korea. One of the most significant factors that bring this change is the debate over the execution of Free School Lunch Program(FSLP) for all children regardless of their family income. After the debate, a number of city began to adopt the program, and Buk-gu, Ulsan becomes the first city that has a government operating school lunch support center in Korea. The purpose of this study is to identify significant factors which brought about FSLP in Buk-gu from the analysis of the policy process and to discuss the implication of the case study to social welfare research and practice. By employing Stone’s regime theory and Kingdon’s policy stream framework, this study investigates the relationship of key actors in problem, policy, and politics streams. According to the findings, the most important factors that brought about the FSLP in Buk-gu, Ulsan, was the fact that the head of Buk-gu formed a regime successfully with a community activist who has a specialty in FSLP. The implications of the research findings are discussed.

The Kimchi intake of elementary students in both school and home is decreasing due to their westernized eating habits which have been affected by the rapid economic growth and industrialization in our modem society. The purposes of this study were to examine the influence of menu selections on the Kimchi intake rate and to provide basic data for an appropriate Kimchi serving size to reduce the plate-waste rate. The results showed that the average daily intake rate of Kimchi of low-grade students was 58.2%, equating to 6${\sim}$18 g, compared to 64.6% for high-grade students, equivalent to 13${\sim}$24 g. Correlation analysis of the intake rate of menu items and Kimchi showed that the Kimchi intake rate increased with increasing total meal intake rate, rice intake rate, soup intake rate, rice mixed with grains intake rate, clear soup intake rate and soybean-paste soup intake rate, but that it decreased as the intake rate of seasoned uncooked vegetables of high-grade students increased. This study is expected to be utilized as a solution to increase the Kimchi intake rate of elementary school students, and also to determine the proper serving size per person on the menu items by grade.