Earticle

In reverse engineering area, it is rapidly developing reconstruction of surfaces from scanning or digitizing data, but geometric models of existing objects unavailable many industries. This paper describes new methodology of reverse engineering area, good strategies and important algorithms in reverse engineering area. Furthermore, proposing reconstruction of surface technique is presented. A method find base geometry and blending surface between them. Each based geometry is divided by triangular patch which are compared their normal vector for face grouping. Each group is categorized analytical surface such as a part of the cylinder, the sphere, the cone, and the plane that mean each based geometry surface. And then, each based geometry surface is implemented infinitive surface. Infinitive average surface's intersections are trimmed boundary representation model reconstruction. This method has several benefits such as the time efficiency and automatic functional modeling system in reverse engineering. Especially, it can be applied 3D scanner and 3D copier.

영업비밀보호법리는 특허나 저작권에 관한 법리보다 상대적으로 늦게 확립되었다. 산업혁명 이후 기업과 산업의 거대화는 영업비밀의 비밀성에 대한 변화를 요구할 수 밖에 없게 되었고, 절대적 비밀성에서 상대적 비밀성으로 변화를 하게 되었다. 절대적 비밀성에서 상대적 비밀성으로의 변화는 영업비밀의 법적 속성에 대하여도 변화를 가져올 수 밖에 없었다. 세상 모든 사람에게 알려지지 않을 것을 요구하던 절대적 비밀성은 그 바탕을 재산권적 속성에서 기인한 것으로 판단되는데, 상대적 비밀성은 절대적 비밀성을 대체하면서 합리적이거나 상당한 노력에 의한 비밀성 유지노력으로 절대적 비밀성을 대체했다. 이로 인하여 영업비밀의 재산권 속성을 침해하였는지 보다는 영업비밀의 취득행위의 적절성 여부, 즉 상도덕적 적절성으로 변화했다. 상대적 비밀성하에서 비밀성을 유지하기 위한 상당한 노력 또는 합리적 노력을 한 경우에는 영업비밀취득의 도덕적 정당성은 존재하지 않는다. 즉 적절한 방법에 의한 역분석도 허용되지 않는다. 우리 영업비밀보호법은 비밀관리성에 대하여 비밀로 유지되면 족한 것으로 규정하고 있으나, 이는 비밀성유지노력을 요구하지 않는 것으로서 상대적 비밀성을 취하는 법리와는 어긋난다. 그 뿐만 아니라 정책적으로도 타당하지 않다. 기술정보나 경영정보의 개발보다는 무임승차를 장려하기 때문이다.

The legality of trade secrets law has been established lately, compared to those of the patent and the copyright. After the industrial revolution, the large scale enterprises and industries needed 새 change the notion of secrecy of trade secrets, from absolute secrecy to relative secrecy. The change inevitably leaded the modification of the legality of the trade secrets law. The absolute secrecy requiring secrecy against all of human in the world is thought of the reflection of the property interest of trade secrets. The rational is that the exclusiveness of property rights of trade secrets requires the exclusively owning trade secrets. However, the relative secrecy substituting the absolute secrecy required the reasonable effort to maintain secrecy instead of the absoluteness of secrecy. The main issue of the trade secrets law now has been focused on the commercial morality of the acquisition of the trade secrets. Then, under the maintaining the reasonable effort to maintain secret for the requirement of the trade secrets protection, there is no proper means of the acquisition of trade secrets even to the reverse engineering. The Korean trade secrets protection act requires the secrecy only, not any effort to maintaining secrecy as the sufficient condition for the protection of trade secrets. However, the law is not reconcile the rational of the general trade secrets law theory. It also provide a bad policy to encouraging invention, discovery and labor, because it encourages the free riding industries.

문화재 보존처리는 손상된 문화재의 수명을 연장하고 그 가치를 재조명하는 실질적 수단으로서 높이 평가 받고 있다. 그러나 보존처리 과정은 대부분 보존처리자의 경험과 기술에 의한 수작업에 의존하고 있어 이에 따르는 많은 시간과 노력이 요구된다. 최근에는 문화재의 재질 특성과 형상에 따라 보다 정확하고 손쉽게 보존처리를 진행할 수 있는 방법을 채용할 수 있게 되었다. 즉, 지금까지 수작업으로 이루어지는 보존처리과정을 3D 프린터를 이용하여 컴퓨터 상에서 구현된 입체 형상 데이터를 실물로 출력하는 방법을 이용하는 것이다. 먼저 문화재의 결손 부분을 컴퓨터상의 데이터로 구축한 다음 3D 프린터로 출력하여 결손 부분을 손쉽게 성형 및 가공 과정을 거치는 것이다. 3D 프린터 적용 결과 반복적인 출력 및 디지털데이터의 형태 및 수치 조정이 가능하였으며, 다양한 소재를 활용한 여러 가지 복원재료로 부터 시험출력을 통하여 문화재 복원의 완성도를 향상시킬 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 도자기 결손부분 복원을 위한 3D 프린터 적용 시험을 위하여 현대 재현품인 청자칠보무늬향로와 차륜식토기 2점을 인위적으로 파손시켰다. 복원결과 수작업에 비해 작업시간 단축 및 정확한 형태의 재현 등에서는 좋은 효과를 나타내었다. 반면 정밀한 접합 및 표면 질감을 생생하게 표현하기 위해서는 약간의 2차적인 수작업이 필요하였다.

Cultural assets restoration is being considered highly as a practical way to extend the lifespan of damaged cultural assets and re-highlight their value. However, restoration process has been mostly dependent on the manual work involving the experience and skill of a person performing restoration, thereby requiring much time and effort. In recent, it became possible to apply a method allowing restoration to be performed more accurately and easily according to the material characteristics and shape of cultural assets. Namely, it is to use a method of printing out the 3D shape data computed in computer as real object by using 3D printer for the restoration that has been performed manually. The missing part of a cultural asset is computed into computer data first and is printed out by using 3D printer to undergo a simple shaping process. The result of 3D printer application showed that repetitive output and shape and figure revision of digital data were possible, and it was possible to improve the degree of completedness of restoration through test output using various types of restoration materials using various materials. For the purpose of verifying the possibility of applying 3D printer to restore missing part of earthenware, two pieces of modern reproductions, namely, the Seven Treasure Incense Burner and Earthenware with Wagon Wheel Decoration, were artificially damaged. The restoration result showed that compared to manual work, it showed better effectiveness in curtailing work time and reproducing accurate shape. On the other hand, secondary manual work was slightly needed for detailed binding and to vividly express surface texture.

The term ‘reverse engineering’ in the study herein indicates the behavior and process of apprehending the principle of development and of extracting the varied information, inclusive of the ideas and functional concepts at the computer program employed, by analyzing and investigating computer program in the form of object code through the disassembly and decompilation (of program codes particularly under the Korean copyright law), black box analysis with memory dump included, and manual analysis. Reverse engineering of a computer program, customarily carried out in the related industries, has served for interoperability of an independently created computer program with other programs, error correction, and program improvement, etc, so that it could contribute to fostering industrial development and associated computer program technologies. Whilst it took a considerable amount of time and money for the computer program development, the analysis by way of reverse engineering requires relatively less time and money to be undertaken, which seems to pose challenges on enterprises that develop a computer program. Therefore, they have tried to prevent reverse engineering by the copyright law and the contract. And as the reproduction and translation may take place in the disassembly and decompilation process, the subparagraph 34 of article 2 of the copyright law defined the act of decompilation of program codes as reproduction and translation, and so the article 101-4 permitted reverse engineering by restricting the author’s property right concerning the reproduction and translation. According to the subparagraph 34 of article 2, the decompilation of program codes is allowed solely for the purpose of obtaining the information necessary to achieve interoperability (compatibility under copyright law). In this article, two of the points in controversy relating to decompilation of program codes are that the term ‘interoperability’ should be substituted for the term ‘compatibility’ and how copyright law and monopoly regulation and fair trade act are applied to acts of computer program users or computer program authors in order to ensure the interoperability of computer programs. Therefore, this study looks further into both the meaning of compatibility and interoperability and the interpretations on compatibility and their problems in copyright law, and then into the scope of information required for interoperability, the need of reverse engineering required to gain information for interoperability coupled with its limitations and possible restrictions to be imposed upon under the monopoly regulation and fair trade act.

Gaming industry is a typical culture contents industry. In particular, creating the world's first online game on the market for online games by Korea's leadership is also holding area. However, with the development of gaming industry in the area of ​​intellectual property is becoming a problem. Trade secrets in the game produced can be a problem for the protection of game content embodied in the idea itself, the de facto information and known information through confidentiality agreements and obligations are protected by trade secret or whether it is valid. In fact, the de facto information, trade secrets and is believed to be lost province, because the requirements acknowledging that trade secrets is not valid. In terms of policy for the protection of trade secrets, institutional efforts are necessary, but excessive protection policy can be understood differently. Trade secrets and trade secret holders to disclose their contribution to the social protection through patents to choose thick or, according to the public without the contribution of social protection as trade secrets, whether the business judgment would have been selected based on. Nevertheless, trade secret protection for the excess carriers rather than weaken their commitment to technology development will be. Thus, the excessive protection of trade secrets protection system, rather than taking a voluntary conservation efforts on technology incidental to the holder's industrial competitiveness is to follow a policy judgment.

A major fair-access issue has arisen regarding situations where a copyright holder attempts to restrict a reverse engineering right by copyright infringement litigation, contractual shrink-wrap licenses or a protective system that defeats the reverse engineering permissible under the "fair-use" doctrine. Reverse engineering computer software is defined as the process of studying a computer program to obtain useful and detailed insight into the functional mechanisms of the work. Reverse engineering commonly involves copying an original program without the permission of a copyright owner. Indeed, the owners seek to prevent reverse engineering by bringing infringement suits, imposing contractual limitations or installing technological impediments. In the United States, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act ("DMCA") provides a software vendor with extra protection for its protective system, and allows reverse engineering only for the purpose of interoperability. The Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act ("UCITA") makes a shrink-wrap license enforceable even if it contains a term prohibiting reverse engineering. These protectionist measures ensure that a copyright holder can dominate the computer software industryby restricting reverse engineering. Although the Computer Program Protection Act in Korea allows a reverse engineering purporting to achieve interoperability as exception, this is still not enough to strike balance between a copyright owner' interest and public rights to access to a copyrighted work. The current trend toward copyright protectionism undermines the copyright balance thus/ the critical question regarding clarification of the reverse engineering right should be answered by policymakers in terms of reconciliation between copyright, contract and competition policy.

The identification of fraudulent stamps is an important problem in various fields, such as finance, law enforcement, and customs. In this paper, we propose a reverse engineering analysis of stamps manufactured by a CNC engraving machine, which can provide important information for identifying the production conditions of stamps. We first analyzed the images of a large number of CNC-engraved stamps to extract key features such as stroke width and spacing, which are closely related to the manufacturing process. We then developed a database of known stamp production conditions, which enabled us to identify the production parameters of unknown stamps through a process of feature matching. Our results showed that even when two stamps are produced by the same engraving machine and appear similar in most aspects, small differences in production conditions can be identified and quantified through our feature-based analysis. This makes it possible to distinguish between two stamps with greater reliability, which can be useful in forensic analysis and legal proceedings. Overall, our research demonstrates that reverse engineering analysis of CNC-engraved stamps can be an effective tool for identifying production conditions and improving the reliability of stamp authentication.

In order to identify the CAN message sent from the ECU, the CAN waveform and operating current were measured during the operation of the CAN driver.CAN ID was identified in the same phase as the measured voltage waveform and operating current, and reverse engineering was performed .And, by measuring CAN bus wire EMI noise, it was tested whether CAN ID was identified.CAN ID verified ECU data using CAN analyzer.

전 세계의 인터넷 사용자들이 매일 유튜브를 시청하지만, 검색결과에 대한 추천 알고리즘을 정확히 인지하는 이용자는 극히 드물며, 구글과 유튜브는 이를 공개하지 않고 있다. 연구자들은 공개되어 있지 않은 유튜브의 알고리즘을 역공학설계 방식으로 탐색하고, 핵심적 요인을 찾아 미디어 플랫폼 사업자들이 어떤 논리적 구조로 키워드 검색결과를 추천하고, 화면에 배열하는지 확인하고자 하였다. 따라서 연구자들은 수개월에 걸친 논의와 데이터의 수집을 통해 기초 적인 콘텐츠 우선순위 요인을 연구하였으며 수집된 키워드 검색 결과 중에 남, 여 성별에 따른 추천결과를 토대로 영향 요인을 역설계하고자 하였다. 비록 연구자들의 설계는 매시간 수백시간 이상 업로드되고 시청되는 거의 무한한 수준의 데이터 중에서 일부를 분석한 것에 그치지 않지만, 이러한 탐색적 시도가 향후 미디어 플랫폼 알고리즘을 연구하고, 사업자 들의 의도를 파악하며, 사용자를 보호할 수 있을 것으로 보았다.

Despite the fact that Internet users around the world watch YouTube every day, very few users accurately recognize the recommendation algorithm for search results, and Google and YouTube are not disclosing it. Researchers tried to explore the undisclosed algorithm of YouTube in a reverse engineering design method, find key factors, and check the logical structure in which media platform operators recommend keyword search results and arrange them on the screen. Therefore, researchers studied the basic content priority factors through several months of discussion and data collection, and tried to reverse engineer the influencing factors based on the recommendation results according to male and female gender among the collected keyword search results. Although researchers' design only analyzed some of the almost infinite level of data uploaded and viewed for more than hundreds of hours every hour, these exploratory attempts will study media platform algorithms in the future, understand the intentions of operators, and protect users. thought it could be done.

A part of engine torque is used to overcome the interior friction and to accelerate engine inertia. To enhance the driveability at the clutch slip control of AMT(Automated Manual Transmission) or parallel type hybrid system, it is important to know the exact drving torque of clutch. In this study, engine friction and rotational inertia are estimated by using LMS(Least Mean Square) method with vehicle test result. To verify the validity of method, the performance of vehicle is simulated with adjusted parameters. The test result and simulation result show the similar trend.

최근 사이버공격이 활성화됨에 따라 이러한 많은 공격사례들이 다양한 매체를 통해 접해지고 있다. 사이버공격에 대한 보안공학이나 역공학에 대한 연구는 활발하지만, 이들을 통합하고 비용효과적인 공격공학을 통해 공격시스템을 연계하여 적용시킨 연구는 부족하다. 본 논문에서는, 보안강화형 정보시스템을 보안공학적으로 개발하고, 역공학을 통해 취약점을 식별한다. 이 취약점을 이용하여 공격공학을 통해 공격시스템을 구축하거나 리모델링하는 생명주기모델을 비교·분석하여 각 시스템의 구조 및 행동을 명세화하고, 더욱 실효성 있는 모델링을 제안한다. 또한, 기존의 모델·도구를 확장하여 공격방법 및 시나리오를 기능적, 정적, 동적과 같은 모델의 관점에서 명세하는 도형적 공격명세모델을 제시한다.

Recently, as cyber attacks have been activated, many such attacks have come into contact with various media. Research on security engineering and reverse engineering is active, but there is a lack of research that integrates them and applies attack systems through cost effective attack engineering. In this paper, security - enhanced information systems are developed by security engineering and reverse engineering is used to identify vulnerabilities. Using this vulnerability, we compare and analyze lifecycle models that construct or remodel attack system through attack engineering, and specify structure and behavior of each system, and propose more effective modeling. In addition, we extend the existing models and tools to propose graphical attack specification models that specify attack methods and scenarios in terms of models such as functional, static, and dynamic.

GUI testing takes a crucial role of acceptance testing. SBT (Specification-based Testing) and ET (exploratory testing) are mainly used for GUI testing. SBT is not practical because it requires high level experts and a lot of efforts for creating specifications. Therefore, in most cases, test cases are manually written based on ET by testers. However, ET requires heavy labor cost for enhancing coverages. Thus, it is not programmatic for better coverage than SBT. In this paper, to take advantages of SBT we proposed a method applying a reverse engineering concept which automatically generates formal specifications from manually written test cases. The paper also proposed a method to expand uncovered test paths and test data. The generated specifications could contribute to enhance the quality of software with a few additional manual tasks.

최근 직물의 패턴을 활용한 디자인 제품이 시장에서 주목받고 있으며, 이러한 시장수요를 반영하여 도자기에 직물패턴 디자인을 적용한 제품들이 출시되고 있다. 전통적인 도자제품 제조공정에서 직물패턴을 도자기 문양으로 활용하기 위해서는 연질소지 표면에 직물을 직접 가압하거나 수작업을 통해 문양을 획득하였다. 그러나 이러한 방법은 문양 획득과정에서 균질한 압력조절과 획득된 문양의 편집이 불가능 하다. 본 연구는 직물패턴을 도자기표면에 적용하기 위해서 역설계 기술을 활용한 문양 적용과정에 관하여 연구하였다. MicroScribe社의 G2X LASER 3D Scanner를 활용하여 삼베 직물 Texture를 추출하였다. 실험은 데이터의 취득과 데이터의 적용으로 구분하여 단계별 직물 Texture에 최적화된 조건을 실험하였으며 최종적으로 Stratasys社의 Eden350 3D Printer를 활용하여 제품 원형을 만들어 냈다. Texture 품질을 정량적으로 평가하기 위해, 삼베 직물 원본과 3D Printer로 조형된 제품 원형을 비교 Simulation하여 표면을 구성하는 Point의 이격비율을 확인하였다. simulation은 Delcam社의 powershape와 Dassault社의Solidworks를 사용하였다. 실험결과 표면 열처리 후 30Hz scanrate, 0.7ms exposure, 10pixel tolerance의 조건에서 가장 우수한 데이터 취득이 가능하였다. 또한 디지털 데이터로 획득된 삼베 Texture에 Bump map를 적용할 경우 보다 우수한 해상도의 Texture pattern 가공이 가능함을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 표면곡률에 따라 획득된 Texture가 왜곡되는 현상을 억제하기 위해서는 표면을 구성하는 Surfaec의 longitudinal과 lateral의 비율을 1:1로 유지하고, 표면 법선벡터를 참조 연산하였을 때 Texture의 왜곡이 억제되는 것을 확인하였다. 추가적으로 유약으로 인해 감소되는 texture 해상도를 상쇄하기 위해 2 중 경계를 추가하였을 때 최종 제품에서 texture 해상도가 향상됨을 확인하였다. 전통적인 제조공정에서 생산된 제품의 Texture 구현비율이 60% 미만인 것에 대비하여 역설계기술을 활용한 제품은 최대 75%까지 texture 해상도가 향상됨을 확인하였다. 본 연구를통해 직물 패턴을 활용한 도자제품 제조과정에서 역설계 기술의 활용이 최종 제품의 질의 향상과 문양객체화를 통한 생산성 증대가 가능한 것으로 판단되었다.

Recently, design products using cloth patterns are being taken notice of. By reflecting market demands, goods that fabric designs are applied to porcelain are being released. In the production process of traditional ceramic products, to use fabric patterns as porcelain patterns, cloth was directly pressurized on the original soft surface of pottery or patterns were gained through manual work. But, these methods are impossible to control uniform pressure in the course of acquiring patterns and edit the acquired patterns. In this study, a course of pattern application using reverse design technology to apply fabric patterns to the surface of porcelain was studied. By using the MicroScirbe G2X Laser 3D Scanner, texture of hemp cloth was extracted. By dividing an experiment into three stages such as acquisition, process, and application of data, maximized conditions of cloth texture per stage were tested. Finally, by using the Stratasys Eden350 3D Printer, the original form of products was made. To evaluate texture quality quantitatively, the original copy of hemp cloth and the original form made by the 3D printer were compared. Then, a separation ratio of points which compose the surface was checked. For the simulation, Delcam PowerShape and Dassault SolidWorks were used. At the test result, to gain the most excellent data was possible in conditions of 30Hz scan rate, 0.7ms exposure, and 10-pixel tolerance after surface heat treatment. Also, in case of applying bump mapping to the texture of hemp cloth, it was confirmed that a texture pattern process with more outstanding resolution was possible. Lastly, in order to suppress a phenomenon that the acquired texture according to surface curvature is distorted, longitudinal and lateral rates of the surface are maintained 1:1. When a normal vector of the surface was operated referentially, it was confirmed that the distortion of texture was suppressed. In addition, when double boundaries were added to porcelain so as to offset resolution which is lessened due to glaze, it was confirmed that the most excellent texture resolution was realized at final goods. Through the study, in the manufacture course of pottery products using cloth patterns, use of the reverse design technology was judged to be possible in enhancing quality of final goods and increasing productivity through pattern objectification.

최근 4차 산업혁명 이슈를 계기로 인공지능과 빅데이터 분석의 현장 실무적용에 관한 기술들이 급속도로 발 전하고 있다. 그래서 기업들은 디지털 전환의 일환으로 도입되는 스마트 공장의 최적화를 위해서 인공지능과 빅데이 터 분석 기술들의 활용을 적극적으로 추진하고 있다. 그러나 스마트 공장의 신기술 도입에는 경제적인 비용뿐만이 아 니라 많은 시간이 요소된다. 이 과정에서 기존 정보시스템은 일반적으로 여러 가지 종류의 DBMS로 구축되어 있기 때문에 이기종 DBMS의 통합을 위한 연동과 이행작업이 수반된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 데이터베이스 설계 도구인 CASE 툴의 데이터베이스 변환기능을 이기종 데이터베이스 시스템의 이행작업에 적용하는 방법론을 제안하고 이 방 법론의 사례구현을 통해서 실무적용에 대한 유용성을 제시한다.

Recently, technologies related to the practical application of artificial intelligence and big data analysis are rapidly developing due to the issue of the 4th industrial revolution. Therefore, companies are actively promoting the use of artificial intelligence and big data analysis technologies to optimize smart factories introduced as part of digital transformation. However, the introduction of new technologies for smart factories requires not only economic costs but also a lot of time. In this process, since existing information systems are generally constructed with various types of DBMS, integration and implementation work for heterogeneous DBMS are involved. Therefore, this study proposes a methodology for applying the database conversion function of CASE tool, a database design tool, to the implementation work of heterogeneous database systems, and presents the usefulness of this methodology for practical application through a case implementation.

Side-channel Analysis (SCA) has become a reliable method for cryptanalysts to break cryptographic algorithms. Recently, SCA is used to reverse engineer the applet bytecodes on Java based smart cards. In addition of Power Analysis, other techniques of SCA exist, such as Electromagnetic Analysis (EMA). EMA of smart cards is a powerful technique that allows extracting information about the executed bytecode as well as about the processed data. In our work, we study the possibility to apply reverse engineering upon a Java Card applet in which the virtual machine is obfuscated by using SCA techniques. Even if this process of bytecode obfuscation is an effective way to prevent execution of an arbitrary and malicious bytecode, we believe that it can be systematically bypassed regardless the level of the platform encryption under the reverse engineering trails. In this paper, we present a methodology that could be used to find out the encryption key of the obfuscation process using the reverse engineering process through SCA. To perform reverse engineering, a white box approach providing access to the Java Card is needed in a learning stage, and then the technique used can be used on a black box approach where the code of applications is not accessible at the matching stage.

With the reverse engineering development, the accuracy of system is more important in reconstruction, especially in non-contacting measurement. This paper provides a new method measuring the accuracy the point clouds, define a image probability and the point probability according to uncertainty data. The quantity of the uncertain point data is important to measuring the result of reconstruction. The prior data can be catch from the last measurement process, especially the edge data or characteristic points. Referring to prior data, basing on the Bayesian theory the more accuracy posterior data can be computed in this paper. We divided the point cloud into different areas, and organized the data with hierarchical tree-structure. According to the probability of one tree node, we adjust the area corresponding to the node. At last, by using the existing experimental equipment, we verify the measurement of point cloud accuracy algorithm. The depth data was obtained by a laser scanner---SICK LMS100. The depth data can be computed as point data with uncertainty. The result of the reconstruction deeply relies on the quality of prior data.

Legacy software can be characterized as old software that continues to provide core services to an organization. Applications written in RPG can be considered as legacy software.RPG was originated as a report-building program developed by IBM. Many business applications are written in RPG, and they are often critical in the operations of enterprises. Through decades of use, these RPG legacy systems can be hard to maintain, improve, and expand, since there is a general lack of understanding of the systems. The supporting documentation may not be current as well due to many changes implemented into the software. This paper thus presents a method of reverse engineering for recovering the intent of code from RPG legacy source. The metadata is gathered from the input RPG source by detecting and handling the program controls and operations. These metadata stored in the directed graph will then be mapped to DOT markup language format for flowchart rendering using visualization tool, Graphviz. The prototype implemented in this work would facilitate the understanding of RPG legacy code during software maintenance process.