Earticle

This study investigates syntactic and semantic functions of Korean auxiliary verb cwu that can be classified into three types such as compound, compound-type and ordinary AV. We will take a notion of empathy from Kuno (1987) to account for the subject-oriented modality of the auxiliary verb cwu, and propose the structure for the AV cwu construction to be contrasted with the CV cwu construction in the minimalist approach.

일본어의 지각동사 「見える」가 인용의 조사「と」와 결합하여 文末에 쓰였을 때 「見える」의 기본적인 의미인 <눈으로 대상의 존재나 형태적 특징을 알다>와 같은 의미에서 확장되어 <판단된다>와 같은 의미를 나타낸다. 이와 같은 종류의 「見える」를 「と見える」라고 부르고 그 의미에 대해 詳述하는 것을 본고의 목적으로 한다. 「と見える」가 나타내고 있는 의미는 「판단한 내용을 시각화」하는 것이라고 할 수 있다. 화자의 판단을 보다 주관적이며 시각화하여 제시하고 싶은 경우에 「と見える」를 사용한다고 생각할 수 있다.

When 「見える(mieru)」, a Japanese verb of perception, is used at the sentence final part together with 「と(to)」, a quotative particle; its meaning is extended to indicate ‘to assess’ from the original meaning of 「見える(mieru)」, ‘to be aware of the existence or morphological features of an object with eyes’. This kind of 「見える(mieru)」is called as 「と見える(to-mieru)」. The purpose of this study is to examine its semantic aspects. 「と見える(to-mieru)」seems to express the idea of visualizing what is assessed. It can be deemed that「と見える(to-mieru)」is used when a speaker wants to visualize own assessment in a more subjective manner.

본문에서는 否定式偏正短語 중 “不” “沒有” “別”가 나타내는 表時功能에 대한 상세한분석을 통하여 아래와 같은 결론을 도출했다. 첫째. “不” “沒有” “別”는 否定式偏正短語에서 그 조합능력이 다를 뿐만 아니라 문장에서 나타내는 相对时功能도 다르다. 둘째, 否定式偏正短語 중에서 “不”는 後時와 同時 사건을 부정하며 주관적 의지를 나타내는 前時의 사건도 부정한다. 셋째, 否定式偏正短語 중에서 “沒有”는 주요하게 서술문에서 前時 사건을 부정하며 부분적으로 同時 사건도 부정한다. 넷째. 否定式偏正短語 중에서 “別”는 勸阻의 의미를 나타내고 주요하게 後時 사건을 부정한다. 다섯째. 중국어 문법 교재와 중국어 교육 현장에서 “不” “沒有” “別”의 否定式偏正短語 에서 나타내는 表時功能에 대한 객관적인 설명이 충분히 이루어진다면 중국어 교육 수준 제고와 언어 활용 지도에 도움이 될 것이다.

This paper makes a detailed analyses of the relative tense function of “Bu”, “Meiyou” and “Bie” in the modifier-head phrase in which the negative verb structure modifies qualified word on the basis of previous studies, and draws the following conclusions： a. “Bu”, “Meiyou” and “Bie” are not only different combinations of capabilities in the modifier-head phrase in which the negative verb structure modifies qualified word , and each has distinctive relative tense function. b. “Bu” of this type of phrase mainly negates the event of post-time and event of simultaneousness, and It can also negate the event of pre-time associated with the subjective wishes. c. “Meiyou” of this type of phrase mainly negates the narrative event of pre-time , and can also negates some event of simultaneousness. d. “Bie” of this type of phrase expresses dissuade significance, mainly negates the event of post-time. e. In Chinese grammar textbooks and grammar teaching, we should make an objective description of the relative tense function of “Bu”, “Meiyou” and “Bie” of this type of phrase to improve Chinese teaching effectiveness and better guide language practice.

국어의 문장은 용언의 논항구조가 문장의 틀을 결정짓는다. 이에 따라 용언 중심의 문법에서는 용언의 논항구조 연구를 지속적으로 하고 있다. 그러나 용언의 논항구조로 설명할 수 없는 문장들이 다수 존재한다. 본고는 ‘시키다’의 논항구조로 설명할 수 없는 구문을 ‘시키다’ 복합서술어로 설정하고, 논항구조에 따라 그 유형을 분류하고자 하였다. 나아가 ‘시키다’가 사동성 여부에 따라 세부적으로 유형을 분류하고자 하였다. 일반동사 ‘시키다’는 사동의 의미를 갖는 경우도 그렇지 못한 경우도 있다. 하지만 세 개의 논항을 갖는 세 자리 서술어임을 확인하였다. 그러나 사동의 의미를 갖든 그렇지 못하든 ‘시키다’의 논항구조로 설명할 수 없는 구성이 존재한다. 이에 복합서술어를 설정하고, 그 개념과 식별 기준에 대해 살펴보았다. 이들을 바탕으로 ‘시키다’의 사동성을 가지는 복합서술어의 유형을 여섯 가지로, 사동성을 갖지 않는 복합서술어의 유형을 여덟 가지로 분류하였다.

The argument structure of the verb determines the frame of the sentence in Korean. Thus, verb argument structure has been studied extensively within verb-oriented grammar. However, there remain many sentences whose structure cannot be explained on the basis of verb argument structure. In this thesis, I labeled sentences that cannot be explained with '시키다' argument structure as '시키다' complex predicates, and classified the types according to their argument structure. Furthermore, I classified the types in terms of whether or not the '시키다' argument structure reflected causativity. The general verb '시키다' may or may not entail causativity in its meaning. The present study shows that it is a three-place predicate with three arguments. However, there are certain structures that cannot be explained in terms of the '시키다' argument structure. Accordingly, I regarded these as complex predicates, and determined criteria for their classification. On this basis, I classified complex predicates with causativity of ‘시키다’ into six types, and complex predicates without causativity of ‘시키다’ into eight types.

否定式偏正短語는 현대중국어에서 아주 특수한 구문형식이다. 그러나 이에 관한 연구는 줄곧 학계의 주목을 받지 못했고 연구도 미흡하여 교육현장에서 유관 문제에 대한 합리적인 해석을 할 수 없다. 본고에서는 풍부한 언어사실에 대한 고찰을 바탕으로 否定式偏正短語의 유형과 기능에 대해 상세히 서술함으로써 다음과 같은 결 론을 내릴 수 있다. 첫째. 否定式偏正短語의 구문형식은 현대중국어에서 대량으로 존재하지만 모든 否定式動詞結構가 偏正短語 구문형식을 가질 수 있는 것은 아니다. 둘째. 否定式偏正短語는 肯定式偏正短語의 유형보다 적다. 셋째. 否定式偏正短語 조합에 있어서의 국한성은 다음과 같은 세 가지 방면에서 표현된다. 語義類型이 제한적 이고, 否定式 구조형식이 제한적이며, “的”에 대한 의존성이 강하다. 넷째, 否定式偏正短語는 문장에서 주로 주어, 목적어와 전치사목적어, 時間類否定式偏正短語, 문장의 수식어 등에 해당되며 각 유형마다 서로 다른 특징을 나타낸다. 다섯째. 否定式偏正短語에 대한 연구가 충분히 이루어져 그 연구 성과가 중국어 문법교재에 반영되고 중국어 교육 현장에서 활용된다면 중국어 교육수준 제고에 도움이 될 것이다.

A modifier-head phrase in which the negative verb structure modifies qualified words is a very characteristic structure in Contemporary Chinese. But it has not been given due attention and academic research, so that we could not provide a reasonable explanation for the teaching problems associated with it. This paper makes a detailed analysis of this type of phrase on the basis of scrutinizing many language-facts, and draws the following conclusions：a. There are a lot of modifier-head phrases in which the negative verb structure modifies qualified words in Contemporary Chinese, but not all of the negative verb structure can be used in that way;b. The semantic type of the negative modifier-head phrase is less than the affirmative modifier-head phrase. c. That type of phrase has three limitations on the combination: semantic types are limited; forms of negative structure are limited; and the phrase has a stronger dependence on “DE”. d. That type of phrase mainly acts as subject, object and prepositional object in the sentence, and the time class of them also acts as modifiers of a sentence. In addition, different categories can show different syntactic features. e. In Chinese grammar textbooks and grammar teaching, we should make an objective description of that type of phrase to improve Chinese teaching effectiveness and also to become a better guide language practice.

The present paper examines the form and function of one of the complex predicates that is known as ‘Conjunct verb construction in Hindi. The conjunct verb is a kind of predicate that is formed with either a noun or an adjective and a verb (the light verb). The conjunct verbs that are formed with an adjective and a verb do not pose any problem for the theoreticians. However, the function of the conjunct verb that has a noun and verb is descriptively and theoretically puzzling. The nominal host which comes to form a complex predicate with the light verb has two functions. In one, it not only helps the verb to become complex, but also controls agreement when other noun phrases are overtly case marked, but in other case, it just remains passively in the verb phrase and even when it is the only noun phrase with no overt case marking, it does not show any agreement with the verb. The paper presents this puzzling behaviour of the conjunct verb and its nominal host in two sets A and B respectively and finally evokes the case theory of Chomsky and Panini to give a solution of the problem. The solution is of course a hypothesis but it seems to have explanatory power for the conjunct verb construction

Objectives: Animacy is an important issue in the research of sentence processing, associated with thematic role assignment, grammatical relations and linear ordering of sentential constituents. Based on the animacy effects reported in previous research, the current study aimed to investigate whether the animacy effects are replicated in processing Korean sentences in which canonicity is manipulated in younger and elderly adults, using event-related potentials (ERPs). Methods: The ERP data from 34 adults (16 young and 18 elderly) were analyzed. Simple transitive sentences composed of 2 noun phrases, an adverb, and a verb were used as experimental stimuli and animacy was manipulated at the grammatical object position in canonical and non-canonical sentences. ERPs were recorded while the participants performed a sentence comprehension task. Results: For young adults, animate objects (NP2) in canonical sentences engendered greater N400 effects than inanimate objects, whereas inanimate objects (NP1) in non-canonical sentences induced greater N400 effects than animate objects. In the elderly group, there were no significant animacy effects for any of the critical words. Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that animacy effects on sentence processing are closely related to the linear ordering of arguments based on animacy hierarchy, and when these semantic expectancies are violated, processing costs could be raised. However, it seems that this animacy processing might be less efficient in the aging population.

The purpose of this study is to suggest the light verb function of modern Chinese gei. In modern Chinese, gei is not only used as a verb, but is also grammaticalized as a preposition and performs various functions. It’s very often for gei to appear just before the verb phrase(henceforth “gei+VP”) in spoken Chinese, but there are currently many disagreements on this structure, so the function of gei in “gei+VP” still needs to be investigated. In the sentence including “gei+VP”, the action is expressed by VP, not gei, which can be regarded as a grammaticalized usage of gei. This phenomenon parallels the Korean auxiliary verb cwuta and the English light verb give. In this regard, this study intends to suggest that the gei in “gei+VP” is a light verb, and to discuss its validity from semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic aspects.

日本語機能動詞「する」の格助詞を取る形式「~がする」に対する効果的な敎授․學習方法をこれに対応する韓国語「하다」を中心に考察した。その結果、感覺器官を通した「~がする」表現では「する」は「現象の發生」を表わし、韓國語「나다」で敎授․學習できることがわかった。「肉體的生理現象」を表わす「する」は「~が感じられる」の意味に解釈でき、韓國語「나다」及び「들다」で敎授․學習できる。しかし先行要素が動作性や具體性を帯びた名詞である場合、「나다」は「出る」で敎授․學習しなければならないことがわかった。「気持、気、思い、感じ、心地、予感」などのような先行要素に「~がする」が結合する場合は「~が感じられる」の意味を表わし、対応する韓國語は「들다」である。自然現象を表わす名詞と「~がする」が結合する場合は韓國語「치다」で敎授․學習できることがわかった。「する」で表現できるものは本来の動詞が持つ意味が稀薄であればあるほど「する」表現を可能にすると言える。したがって、日本語「~がする」形に対応する韓國語「나다」、「들다」、「치다」には動詞としての實質的な意味の稀薄な機能動詞であると言えるが、日本語「する」に比べて各々他の意味を持っており、日本語「する」はより名詞に重点を置いた表現であると言える。

The study, which focused on comparing Korean ‘hata’ with the form ‘∼ga-suru’, a case particle of Japanese function verb ‘suru’ for its effective method of teaching and learning. As a result of study, when it comes to the expression ‘∼ga-suru’ which humans usually feel through our sensory organs, and this ‘suru’ describes ‘a phenomenon occurrence’ and this can be expressed ‘nata’ in Korean. ‘suru’: to express physiological phenomenon can be interpreted in ‘∼ga-kangirareru’ which is corresponded to ‘nata’ and ‘tulta’ in Korean. However, if the noun of the preceding elements have the nuance of movements or concreteness,‘nata’ will be ?come out? in meaning. ‘Feelings, atmosphere, thoughts, sensation, one's mood and presentiment’ and other similar preceding elements link ‘∼ga-suru’ will be ‘ga-kanjirareru’ in meaning in this case. Preceding elements link ‘∼ga-suru’ will be ‘∼ga-kangirareru’ in meaning in this case. And ‘tulta’ can be applied to this in Korean. Also, found out the nouns, reflect those natural phenomenons link ‘∼ga-suru’ can be expressed in ‘chita’ in Korean. Those can be expressed in ‘suru’ its verb has the lesser meaning, the higher the possibility of expressing it. Therefore, Korean ‘nata’, ‘tulta’ and ‘chita’ equivalent for Japanese ‘∼ga-suru’ are less substantial meaning as a verb, although each words have different meaning, so Japanese ‘suru’ rather places emphasis on nouns.

The purpose of this study is to examine a function of a verb of thinking “OMOU”, by a method not to depend on a Modality Theory, and this is placed as the part of the making of basics for the elucidation of the comprehensive function that a linguistic form <TO- OMOU> has. In this paper, in particular, about the function and the principle that the writer derived as a supposition in Otani (2015), the writer inspected the invocation possibility of the function, the principle directed at the example that particle except “TO (the quotation)” touches with the front of “OMOU” (“NI-OMOU”, “WO-OMOU”), and the dialect discourse which do not show “TO”. As a result, it was confirmed that the temporary function of a verb of thinking “OMOU” was approximately applicable to the examples which are observed in this paper. On the other hand, about the principle, it was highlighted that the point that needed the further correction including the border with “the true intention” and “the thing appeared in a heart”, a condition and the factor when the duality of “the place” did not occur.

This paper discusses about the research of ‘LAI’ and ‘QU’ of ‘LAI/QU+VP’ structures. While former studies on such structures are based on the syntactic structure analysis of meaning extension mechanisms, but this paper focuses on the Motion and the Deixis of ‘LAI’ and ‘QU’. According to the Motion and Deixis, the Deictic verb ‘LAI’ includes [+motion event] [+direction] [+speaker orientation], on the other hand the Deictic verb ‘QU’ includes [+motion event] [+direction] [+De-speaker orientation][+goal orientation]. The [+motion event] [+direction] come under the Motion, and [+direction] [+speaker orientation] [+De-speaker orientation] come under the Deixis. For that reason there is a similarities and differences between of ‘LAI’ and ‘QU’ in the process of meaning extension because Motion and Deixis function.

앞에서 살펴본 완료형 동사의 구조를 분석하면 다음과 같다. - 1인칭과 2인칭 단수 동사 형태에서는 1인칭 복수형을 제외하면 공통적으로 /t/가 사용되는데, 이 형태소가 한정 상태인 인칭대명사에 해당된다. - 2인칭 단수형에서 남성형은 /a/로, 여성형은 /i/로 표현되는 것을 알 수 있다. - 2인칭 복수형에서는 인칭을 나타내는 /t/와 수를 나타내는 /u/가 결합되었고, 남성형 복수 형태소 /m/과 여성형 복수 형태소 /n/이 사용되었다. 양수형은 복수형과 같은 형태에 /a/가 첨가되어 사용되었다. - 3인칭을 나타내는 형태소는 /a/이며, 여성형에서는 남성형 뒤에 형태소 /t/ 가 사용되었고, 양수형은 인칭과 성 형태소 뒤에 /ā/ 형태소가 동일하게 사용되었다. - 3인칭 남성 복수형은 명사의 규칙복수형과 동일하게واو الجماعة 를 사용하였고, 여성형은 نون النسوة라고 불리는 형태소를 사용하였다. 동사의 특성은 일회적이기 때문에 동사의 양수와 복수는 동사의 사건이 반복되는 것이 아니라 사건의 행위자가 여럿이라는 것을 의미한다. 1인칭이나 2인칭 대명사가 들어 있는 동사에서는 동사 자체만으로도 충분히 행위자가 누구인지를 알 수 있지만, 3인칭 행위자가 들어 있는 동사의 경우에는 뒤에 언급될 주어가 한정적이지 않다. 그러므로 1인칭, 2인칭 동사에는 한정적인 대명사가 들어있지만, 3인칭 행위자가 들어간 동사에는 한정된 대명사가 아니라 단순히 성을 나타내는 단수 동사임을 알 수 있다. 그러므로 동사에 나타나는 3인칭 행위자 형태소 ـــَـــ 또는 ـــــَــــتْ는 한정적인 대명사가 아니라 발화 현장에 없는 누군가를 나타내는 단순한 성 범주가 포함된 동사형일 뿐이다동사의 행위자는 인칭에 상관 없이 문장에서 반드시 언급되어야 한다. 3인칭의 동사인 경우에는 동사의 앞이나 뒤에 행위자를 언급하는 것이 필수인 반면, 1인칭과 2인칭 동사의 언급은 허용되지 않는다. 그러나 한국에서 아랍어를 학습하는 사람들은 한국어 간섭현상 때문에 독립형 주격 대명사를 동사 앞에 언급하는 경우가 많다. 만약, 1인칭, 2인칭 동사 앞이나 뒤에 독립형 주격 대명사를 사용하면 주어를 강조하는 문장이다.

The article aims at handling the structure and function of the perfect verb in Arabic. The perfect verb seems to be used alone without the subject, but it includes its actor inside, especially in the 1st and 2nd person pronouns. The perfect verb consists of the verb itself, number, gender and person categories. 1st and 2nd persons in the verb must include the pronoun which cannot be exchanged by any other actor, but the 3rd person in the verb does not have any pronoun. It is clear that the verb which contains 1st or 2nd person does not need any other actor unlike the verb which has 3rd person. It’s because the verb of 3rd person could be followed by any actor. So, if anyone wants to use 1st or 2nd person pronoun before or after the verb, it means that he wants to confirm the actor of the verb in his utterance.

이 논문은 중국어를 모어로 하는 초급 학습자가 널리 사용하는 네 종의 초급 한국어 교재를 대상으로 보조동사 ‘-아/어 주다’가 주로 ‘요청·도움’ 기능에 한정되어 제시되면서 그 밖의 다양한 담화 기능이 체계적으로 설명되지 않는 문제의식에서 출발한다. 이에 본 연구는 목정수(2008)의 ‘여격 표지’ 개념을 도입하여 ‘-아/어 주다’를 ‘수혜자 초점화’를 실현하는 인지적 표지로 재규명하고 이 관점에 기반한 교육적 개선 방안을 제시하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 주요 초급 교재의 서술 방식을 정의, 예문 장면, 논항 표지, 경어 지향성, 변형 형태, 인접 구문 대조 등의 측면에서 비교‧분석하였다. 분석 결과, 교재에서 나타난 이러한 ‘요청·도움’ 중심의 제시 경향 외에도 ‘주시다·드리다·주다’ 간 경어 지향성 분화 기준의 미비, 수혜자 표지의 무표지‧생략의 빈번한 출현, 인접 구문과의 최소 대조 부족 등이 공통된 한계로 확인되었다. 이 한계를 보완하기 위해 본 연구는 ‘여격 표지’를 설명의 축으로 삼아 ‘수혜자 초점화’ 현상을 명시‧무표지‧생략의 실현 양상과 사동 구문 및 ‘N을 위해 ~하다’ 유형의 수혜 명시 표현과의 대조 속에서 통합적으로 기술한다. 이와 같은 분석과 이론적 검토에 근거하여 본 연구는 교육적 함의와 함께 수업 적용‧검증 방안을 제시한다. 제안된 방안은 교재의 분절적 서술이 초래한 중국어를 모어로 하는 학습자의 난점(요청–명령의 혼동, 수혜자 표지의 무표지‧생략, 경어 선택의 불안정)을 직접 겨냥한다. 이를 해결하기 위해 ‘여격 표지’ 이론을 바탕으로 화자의 서술 시점이 수혜자에게로 이동한다는 의미의 ‘시점 이동’ 개념을 교수 설계의 핵심 원리로 설정하고, 수혜자 가시성 및 경어 지향성 판단 과업을 설계하였으며, 형식 선택 비율과 오류 유형 분석에 근거한 효과 점검 체계를 마련하였다. 이러한 방안은 ‘정의–예문–논항 표지–경어–변형 형태–인접 구문’으로 이어지는 분석 절차와 ‘명시·무표지·생략’의 가시성 판단 기준 위에 구축되어 실현 가능성과 재현 가능성을 함께 확보한다. 결론적으로, 난점 중심의 맞춤형 교수 전략을 통해 이론적 통찰이 교실 수업으로 이행되는 구체적 실행 경로를 제시한다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

This study begins with a critical awareness of a limitation in current teaching materials: in four beginner-level Korean textbooks widely used by Chinese L1 learners, the auxiliary verb -a/eo juda is presented in a restricted way, largely confined to ‘request’ and ‘help’ functions, while its wider range of discourse functions is not systematically explained. Drawing on Mok Jeong-su’s (2008) notion of the ‘dative marker,’ the study reinterprets ‘-a/eo juda’ as a cognitive marker that realizes beneficiary focalization rather than merely conveying assistance, and on this basis proposes a pedagogical model. To this end, the descriptive treatments of the construction in these textbooks are compared across definition, example scenarios, argument marking, honorific orientation, morphological variants, and contrasts with neighboring constructions. The analysis identifies several shared limitations: a persistent request·help bias; the absence of clear criteria for distinguishing the honorific orientation of jusida, deurida, and juda; frequent omission or non-marking of the beneficiary; and a lack of minimal contrasts with adjacent forms. To address these issues, the study adopts ‘dative marking’ as its central explanatory axis and offers an integrated account of beneficiary focalization, including how it is realized through overt, zero, and omitted marking and how it contrasts with causative constructions and wihae (‘for’) expressions. On the basis of this analysis and theoretical examination, the study proposes not only pedagogical implications but also an in-class application and verification plan. It directly targets learning difficulties observed among Chinese L1 beginners?confusion between request and command, omission of beneficiary marking, and instability in honorific choice?arising from the fragmented presentation found in current textbooks. The model identifies a shift of perspective toward the beneficiary as a core instructional principle grounded in the dative-marker analysis; designs classroom tasks that require learners to judge beneficiary visibility and honorific orientation; and establishes an evaluation scheme based on learners’ distribution of form choices and error patterns. Built on a consistent analytic sequence (‘definition ? example ? argument marking ? honorific orientation ? morphological variants ? neighboring construction’) and explicit visibility criteria (‘overt / zero / omitted’), this proposal is intended to ensure both feasibility and replicability in real classroom settings. Ultimately, the study argues that difficulty-oriented, targeted instruction can serve as a concrete pathway for translating theoretical insight into classroom practice.

배경 및 목적: 본 연구는 동사 점화 과제를 통해 실어증 환자와 정상 성인 간 동사 점화 효과를 확인해보고자 하였다. 방법: 좌반구 손상에 기인한 실어증 환자 13명과 나이, 교육년수, 성별을 일치시킨 정상 성인 13명, 총 26명이 실험에 참여하였다. 본 연구에서는 Kim과 Thompson (2004)의 연구에서 사용된 과제를 참고하여 동사 점화 과제를 제작하였다. 동사 점화 과제를 실시하여 각 집단별 점화 동사 산출률과 오류 유형을 분석하였다. 결과: 실어증 환자 집단이 정상 성인 집단에 비해 점화 동사 산출률이 유의하게 낮았다. 경동사가 중동사에 비해 점화율이 유의하게 낮았다. 반면 그룹-동사 유형 간 상호작용은 유의하지 않았다. 실어증 환자의 오류 유형을 분석한 결과, 동사 유형에 관계없이 동사 유형 전환으로 나타났다. 경동사에서는 주요 오반응이 정반응에 비해 많은 비율을 보였으며 중동사에서는 정반응이 오반응에 비해 많은 비율이 나타났다. 논의 및 결론: 한국어 실어증 환자는 경동사가 중동사에 비해 산출의 어려움을 보인다는 것을 시사한다. 이는 정상 성인에게도 보이는 경향이며, 실어증 환자가 보이는 특성은 한국어의 정상적인 언어적 특성을 반영하고 있다. 본 연구에서 경동사 산출의 어려움은 ‘서술명사+경동사’의 결합의 복잡성으로 설명할 수 있다. ‘서술명사+경동사’의 결합이 서술명사의 명사적 특징과 용언적 특징에 경동사의 용언적 특성이 추가됨에 따라 중동사에 비해 상대적으로 어려움이 증가되었다. 이러한 복잡성의 증가가 정상 성인에 비해 실어증 환자에게 더욱 영향을 미치는 것으로 해석할 수 있다.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to explore the effect of priming verbs between individuals with aphasia and normal adults through a verb priming task. Methods: A total of 26 adults, including thirteen individuals with aphasia and thirteen normal adults with consistent age, years of education, and gender participated in this experiment. This study developed a verb priming task by referring to the task used in the research by Kim & Thompson (2004). After conducting the verb priming task, this study analyzed the priming verb computation rate and error types in each group. Results: The priming verb computation rate was significantly lower in the group of individuals with aphasia than in the normal adult group, and the priming rate of light verbs was significantly lower than that of heavy verbs. However, the correlation between group-verb type was not significant. The analysis of the error types of individuals with aphasia showed verb type conversion regardless of verb type. The ratio of major error responses was higher than correct responses in light verbs, while the ratio of correct responses was higher than major error responses in heavy verbs. Conclusion: This study implies that Korean language individuals with aphasia have more difficulties with computation in light verbs than in heavy verbs, which in a tendency also shown among normal adults and reflects the normal linguistic characteristics of the Korean language. In this study, the difficulties of light verb computation can be explained by the combination of ‘predicate noun+light verb’. The combination of ‘predicate noun+light verb’ became more difficult as nominal and proverbial characteristics of predicate nouns were added to the proverbial characteristics of light verbs.

본고는 체계기능언어학(systemic functional linguistics) 이론을 바탕으로 국어의 형용사-동사 통용어가 서술어로 쓰일 때의 체계와 의미 기능에 대해서 검토하였다. 2장에서는 체계기능언어학의 이론에 대해 소개하므로 타동성 체계를 통해서 서술어로 쓰이는 형용사-동사 통용어의 성격을 파악하였고, 3장에서는 국어의 형용사-동사 통용어가 동사로 사용될 때의 어휘ㆍ문법적 특징 및 의미 기능이 밝혔다. 즉, 형용사-동사 통용어는 형용사의 전형적 특징을 지니고 있으면서 서술어로 사용될 때 [-타동성]의 특징이 보이고 사건의 내용은 형용사성 자동사로 이루어진 과정(process)을 통해서 실현된다. 본고의 의의는 체계기능문법의 기준에 의한 형용사-동사 통용어가 서술어로 쓰일 때의 의미 기능에 대한 새로운 해석 방법을 제안한다는 것에 있다. 체계기능언어학의 관점에 의한 형용사-동사 통용어 분석은 타동성 체계뿐만 아니라, 서법이나 양태 등 다른 체계를 통해서도 다룰 수 있다.

The purpose of this study is to consider the system and semantic function of adjective-verb multi-category words when they are used as predicate, based upon the Systemic Functional Linguistic. In the chapter two, an overview of Systemic Functional Linguistic is introduced, and characteristic of adjective-verb multi-category words used as predicate are examined. The chapter three discusses that, when the adjective-verb multi-category words in Korean are used as verbs, characteristics of lexicogrammar and semantic function are to be considered. In other words, the adjective-verb multi-category words both have typical characteristics of adjective and indicate the characteristic of [-transitivity] when they are used as predicates, which come to be realized through 'process' by the adjectival- intransitive verbs. This study is to analyze the adjective-verb multi-category words in a new perspective. And it can be examined through the mood or aspect system as well.

This paper analyzed the factors that make Verb-Copying Construction and 把Construction compatible with each other and the differences in the Const ruction meaning. First, as the main factor that constitutes the transformation relationship between the two sentence patterns. first of all, the meaning-oriented relation ship between the complement and the object is characterized. and we looked at the limitations of the objects of the two phrases and how the Construction meaning affects them. Next, the difference in Construction meaning between the two sentence patterns was considered. One is that only Verb-Copying Construction among the two Phrases represents generality and repeatability. The other is the difference between subjectivity and objectivity expressed by the two phrases. From this, it can be seen that the speaker’s intervention in Proposition is an important role in Construction meaning.

This paper noted that the combination of Oda and adjectives is very constrained, and examined what caused the combination to occur. First, the combination of Oda and adjectives assumed that the use of the auxiliary verb Oda was expanded, and examined the relationship between the detailed functions of Oda. Comparing to the continuation of the motion which is another function of Oda, the two functions differ greatly in the time characteristics of their configurations. And the verbs that can be combined with Oda to draw a change in state is also very semantically constrained. Therefore the function of state change cannot be regarded as a variation according to the specific context of the function of the continuation of the motion, but can be viewed as an independently developed function.The function of Oda is considered to have the characteristic of the main verb, and we looked at how it affects the combination of Oda and adjectives. Oda can't be combined with Meolda, and it is interpreted that the restriction on the direction of movement of the main verb Oda has affected the usage of auxiliary. Oda is usually combined with adjectives that represent a situation in which changes occur gradually. This characteristic of adjectives that can precede Oda is related to the meaning of movement.