Earticle

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate relationships between psychological process factor, participation satisfaction, and participation continuity intention among sports event participants. The subjects consist of 376 community sports club members who participated in 2010 Nation Life Sports Festival. The study examines the correlation relationship analysis and the multiple regression analysis. The results are shown below. First, there is a comparatively significant correlation between psychological process factor, participation satisfaction, and participation continuity intention. Second, psychological process factor affects on the subordinate factor of participation satisfaction. Third, the motivation among the subordinate factors of psychological process factor affects significantly to all the subordinate factors of participation continuity intention. Fourth, the relationship between participation satisfaction and participation continuity intention has a significant influence partially on each of the subordinate factor.

본 연구는 지역 간 자살률 차이를 분석하고 사회복지 등 지역 특성이 자살률에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 수행되었다. 주요 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 특별시와 광역시의 자살률이 광역도에 비해 크게 낮았고, 시·구가 군 지역에 비해 낮아서 농어촌 지역의 자살률이 높았다. 둘째, 사회복지요인에 따라서는 인구 10만명 당 문화시설과 사회 복지시설 수가 많은 지역의 자살률이 높았고, 정신 보건시설 수가 적은 지역과 사회복지예산비율이 낮은 지역의 자살률 이 높아서 농어촌 특성을 가지고 있는 지역의 자살률이 높았다. 셋째, 지역사회 특징이 자살률 차이에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 경제여건이 나쁜 지역, 노인 인구비율·이혼률이 높은 지역, 사회보장 수급자 수·독거노인 가구 수가 적은 지역의 자살률이 높아서 농어촌 특성을 가진 지역일수록 자살률이 높았다. 끝으로 사회복지요인은 지역 자살률 차이에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 지역에서 제공되는 사회복지서비스와 투입되는 예산이 자살률 감소에 실질적인 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 평가된다. 향후 지역사회 자살률을 낮출 수 있는 지역사회복지 실천의 질적, 양적 개선이 필요하다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference in suicide rates between regions and to determine the effect of social workers on the regional suicide rate. The main analysis results are as follows. First, the suicide rates in metropolitan cities were lower than was lower than in other regions, and cities and districts were lower than those in the county area. Second, suicide rates were high in areas with many cultural and social welfare facilities per population. Suicide rates were high in low mental health facilities and low social welfare budgets. The suicide rate in rural areas was high. Third, suicide rates were high in areas with low economic requirements, areas with a high proportion of the elderly, divorce rates, and areas with a small number of social security recipients and living alone. In other words, the suicide rate in rural areas was high. Finally, social workers did not affect the difference in local suicide rates. Local social services and budgets have no real impact on suicide rates. In the future, it is necessary to improve the quality and quantity of community welfare practices that can lower community suicide rates.

Users are accustomed to upload their photos to the online image services due to the increasing popularity of the hand-held devices equipped with a camera. In such services, the image recognition service is a service that returns the information of the query image uploaded by an user. Before designing and implementing this image recognition system, just in case the size of the database increases, a system administrator need to consider a scalability problem. To solve a scalability problem, one can adopt the technology from conventional information retrieval. However direct adoption degrades image recognition system’s performance. In this paper, we analyse the factors affecting the performance on image recognition system using bag-of-visual-words which is derived from text retrieval.

근래 학생에 대한 생활지도의 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 생활지도를 잘 수행하려면 학생을 먼저 잘 파악해야 한다. 학생의 성격은 학생을 파악하는 한 부분이다. 성격검사는 예로부터 학생을 파악하는 한 방편으로 널리 사용되어 왔다. 그런데 기존 성격검사들은 성격요인들이 서로 중첩되기도 하고 제외되기도 하고 한 요인의 의미가 다양해서 학생의 성격을 정확히 파악하는데 어려움을 주고 있다. 본 연구는 여러 성격검사들을 비교 분석하여 중첩되는 것, 제외되는 것, 다의적인 것을 확인하고 이런 문제점들을 어느 정도 해결할 수 있는 새로운 분류를 탐색하였다. 본 연구는 여러 성격검사들, 분류방법들 중에서 인성검사, 성격진단검사, MBTI, Guilford, Cattell, Murray의 분류만을 대상으로 하였다. 여러 분류들을 비교 분석한 결과 연구자는 성격을 활동성, 지배성, 안정성, 충동성, 남향성, 사회성, 추상성, 독립성, 보수성, 도덕성, 질서성, 개방성, 융통성으로 분류하였다. 이 분류는 시험적인 것이다. 앞으로 더 정교한 분류가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

This study was to identify whether factors of personality test are distinguish each other in meanings, whether each test includes all possible factors of personality, whether one factor has only one meaning, then was to classify all possible factors of personality inclusively. This study scrutinized 3 personality tests and 3 classification systems of personality. The Test of Personality classifies factors of personality into eight-general activity, dominance, emotional stability, impulsiveness, masculinity, objectivity, reflectiveness, sociability. These eight can be reduced to seven. The Diagnostic Test of Personality classifies factors of personality into nine- dominance, emotional stability, impulsiveness, masculinity, reflectiveness, sociability, responsibility, conformity, superiority These eight can be reduced to seven. These can be reduced into eight. The MBTI classifies factors of personality into four-extraversion/introversion, sensing/intuition, thinking/feeling. judging/perceiving. These can be increasd to five. Guilford classifies factors of personality into ten-general activity, restraint, ascendance, sociability, emotional stability, objectivity, friendliness, thoughtfulness, personal relations, masculinity. These ten can be reduced to six. Cattell classifies factors of personality into sixteen-coldness/warmth, low intelligence/high intelligence, instability/stability, submissiveness/dominance, seriousness/impulsivity, expedience/ morality, timidity/boldness, tough-mindedness/tendermiedness, trusting/suspecting, practicality/ imagination, noivete/shrewdness, seif-confidence/guilt proneness, concervation/radicalism, group dependancy/self sufficiency, self-conflict/self-discipline, low tension/high tension, These sixteen can be reduced to nine. Muurray classifies factors of motives into twenty-abasement, achievement, affiliation, aggression, autonomy, counteraction, defiance, deference, dominance, exhibition, harmavoidance, infavoidance, nurturance, order, play, rejection, sentience, sex, succorance, understanding. These twenty can be reduced to eight. Reclassifying above-mentioned various factors of personality, human personality can be classified into thirteen-activity, dominance, stability, impulsiveness, masculinity, sociability, abstractness, independence, concervatism, morality, orderiness, openness, flexibility.

본 연구는 중국 시청자를 대상으로 간접광고 효과에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 인식을 알아보고자 하였다. 또한 중국 시청자에 대한 광고기능에 대한 인식이 어떠한가에 대해 알아보고자 하였으며, 간접광고 효과요인과 광고기능 인식 관계성은 어떠한가에 대해 알아보았다. 이를 위해 중국시청자를 대상으로 설문조사를 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 간접광고효과에 영향을 미치는 요인은 7개로 나타났다. 즉, 연예인관여도, 노골적묘사, 협찬사신뢰성, 브랜드차별성, 윤리성 및 정보제공 요인이다. 둘째, 중국 시청자들의 광고기능에 대한 지각은 비교적 긍정적인 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 중국 시청자들의 간접광고 효과요인과 광고기능 관련성지각에서 연예인관여도와 브랜드차별, 노골적묘사 및 윤리성 요인이 광고기능 에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 한국과 중국의 간접광고제작 실무자에게 중요한 신념요소가 무엇인가에 대한 자료를 제공할 뿐아니라 중국진출에 관심 있는 한국대행사의 간접광고제작 전략마련에 기초적 자료를 제공해 줄 것이다.

The purpose of this study was targeting Chinese viewers. Awareness of factors affecting indirect advertising effects were investigated. What is the awareness of advertising features for Chinese viewers also examined. Advertising and indirect advertising effectiveness factors examined relationships recognized. Chinese viewers were collected through surveys. Firstly, factors affecting indirect advertising effects was seven. Sponsor, celebrity involvement, and blatantly portrayed, reliability, brand differentiation, ethics and information provided is a factor. Second, the advertising capabilities of the Chinese viewers were relatively positive perception. Indirect advertising effects of Chinese viewers, features and advertising on the relevance factors, there was a significant relationship. Celebrity involvement and brand differentiation, blatantly portrayed, and ethical factors had an impact on the function of advertising. These results provide indirect advertising of China and South Korea produced implications for practitioners. Korea also interested in entering the Chinese enterprises will provide the basic material in the production of indirect advertising.

본 연구는 무용 심상척도의 개념적, 통계적 절차를 바탕으로 우리문화에 맞게 타당화 하는 것이다. 서울, 경기지역의 예술고등학교, 대학교의 무용전공학생 및 무용단체의 전문 무용수 등 총 410명을 대상으로 DIQ설문지를 배부하였다. DIQ척도는 번역/역번역 과정 등 과학적 방법으로 우리 문화에 맞게 수정 번역되었다. 연구결과 문항분석은 통계적으로 안정된 결과를 나타냈으며, 탐색적 요인 분석에서 3요인 9문항으로 추출되었다. 확인적 요인분석결과 3요인 9문항의 모델은 적합하게 나타냈으며 집중타당도와 판별타당도역시 만족시키는 결과를 보였다. 결과적으로 DIQ척도는 연구의 목적에 맞게 개념적, 통계적으로 타당화 되었다.

This study investigated the validity of the Dance Imagery Questionnaire which is based on conceptual, statistical procedures in appropriate our culture. The Dance Imagery Questionnaire(DIQ) was distributed to 410 subjects in Seoul and Gyeonggi areas of Art High School, dance majors university students, and professional dancers. DIQ measure was revised to go with our culture in a scientific way of translation and back-translation process. Research results showed that item analysis was statistically and it was chosen 3 factors and 9 items in exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis results showed 3 factors and 9 items model was fit to be a proper focus also convergent and discriminant validity. As a result, the DIQ measure proved conceptual and statistical validity on the purpose of study

This study aimed at improving our understanding of education-related Web usage for schoolwork and research in universities. This study found out a list of factors that influence the usage of education-related Web sites by Korean and New Zealand university students and suggested the features of those factors. These findings will enhance further understanding of factors associated with Education-related Web usage and the relationship among attitude, intention to use, and performance, which could help web practitioners design and develop education-related Web sites to promote web usage and attract university students into their web sites.

Litho printing ink vehicles based on rosin modified phenolic are faster drying, have better durability, are harder and glosser and have greater resistance to water than ones based on ester gums. Ink-Water balance and rheological properties are important in litho printing process. These physical properties is concerned with molecular weight of Resin to use vehicle. So this paper was studied about the effects of changing molecular weight of Rosin modified phenolic on surface tension, viscosity, pseudoplasticity and printablility of Litho Inks. The results were as follows. 1) The surface tension of model inks depended on the molecular weight of the resin : Dispersion componnent of ink increase but non dispersion component decrease as molecular weight of Resin increase. 2) Water pick-up of litho ink is more fast balance, using low molecular weight of Resin. 3) Viscosity, Yield value and Newtonian value of model inks increase as molecular weight of Resin increase. 4) The litho ink prepared with the modified phenolic of which molecular weight is about 20000 showed the highest printing density and gloss.

본 연구는 교수의 연구업적을 보다 다면적으로 측정하기 위한 합리적 방법을 고안하기 위하여 새로운 논문계량지표인 Quality Factor를 개발하였다. Quality Factor는 총 논문수, 피인용수, h-index, Impact Factor를 이용하여 수치를 도출한다. 새로 개발한 지표인 Quality Factor와 다양한 지표(논문 수, Impact Factor, 피인용수, h-index, g-index)간의 관계를 분석하기 위하여, 본 연구는 국내 문헌정보학과 교수 189명의 14년간(2001- 2014)의 학술논문데이터를 바탕으로 그들의 지표별(논문 수, Impact Factor, 피인용수) 순위를 산출하고 지표들 간에 스피어만 순위상관관계를 도출하였다. 그 결과, Quality Factor는 전체적으로 피인용 수의 영향을 주로 받는 지표(피인용수, h-index, g-index)와 유사한 상관관계를 보였으나, 산점도에서 Quality Factor가 타 지표에 비하여 분산된 분포를 나타내면서 개별식별성이 높은 것으로 드러났으며 군집 분할 분석에서도 타 지표들과 상이한 상관관계를 보여주었다.

This paper introduces a new bibliometric measure called Quality Factor, which assesses multiple facets of faculty research performance. The computation of Quality factor is based on a combination of publication count, citation count, h-index, and Impact Factor. In order to analyze the relationship between Quality Factor and other bibliometric measures (publication count, citation count, h-index, g-index, Impact Factor), the study collected publication data of 189 Korean Library and Information Science professors from 2001 to 2014 to produce the rankings of the faculty by each bibliometric measure and computed Spearman’s rank correlations between the rankings. The overall results showed Quality Factor to be correlated to citation-driven measures (citation count, h-index, g-index), but the scatterplot as well as rank-interval analysis showed Quality Factor to be distinctive and more discriminating than other measures.

Purpose: Cachexia is a complex metabolic syndrome associated with wasting of skeletal muscle which contributes to nearly one-third of all cancer deaths. Cachexia lowers the frequency of response to chemotherapy and radiation and ultimately can impact survival as well as quality of life during treatment. NF-kappa B is one of the most important molecular mediators of cachexia. In this study, therefore, possible candidates for inhibitors of NF-kappa B were searched. Methods: Amino acids that regulate cellular redox potential by adjusting the level of NAD/NADH ratio, such as aspartate, pyruvate, and isocitrate were selected. Results: Pyruvate effectively inhibited luciferase activity in TNF-stimulated 293T cells transfect with an NF-kB dependent luciferase reporter vector. Pyruvate also showed protective effect on muscle atrophy of differentiated C2C12 myocyte induced by TNF/IFN. Conclusion: We might be able to develop the nutritional management strategy for cancer cachexia patients with pyruvate supplementation.

본 연구는 마키아벨리즘 평가 도구인 FFMI(Five Factor Machiavellianism Inventory)를 국내에 타당화하기 위해 진행되었다. 마키아벨리즘은 어두운 3요소 성격 중 하나로 목적을 위해 수단을 정당화 한다는 목적지향적 성격 특성을 가진다. 연구 1에서는 FFMI를 국내 정서에 맞게 번역하여 만 19세 이상의 성인 210명을 대상으로 탐색적 요인분석 및 부분제약 목표회전을 진행하였다. 연구결과 원척도와 동일한 상위 3요인 구조인 주체성, 계획성, 적대감 요인을 도출하였으며, 하위요인의 이동을 확인할 수 있었다. 이어진 연구 2에서는 연구 1과 다른 만 19세 이상 성인 300명의 표본으로 확인적 요인분석을 통해 FFMI의 일반화가 가능한 도구임을 확인하였으며, Rasch 검정을 통해 FFMI의 5점 리커트 척도가 적절함을 알 수 있었다. 문항의 적절성을 살펴본 결과 52문항 중 측정의 질에 영향을 크게 미치지 않는 범위의 세 문항을 제외하고 적절한 수준을 나타냈다. 마지막으로 준거 척도와의 수렴타당도 및 상관분석을 통하여 FFMI가 기존 마키아벨리즘 평가 도구를 대체할 수 있는 도구이며 마키아벨리즘의 이론적 특성들을 잘 나타낸 평가 도구임을 확인하였다.

This study was conducted to validate the Five Factor Machiavellianism Inventory (FFMI) in Korea. Machiavellianism, one of the dark triad personality traits, is characterized by a goal-oriented personality that justifies the means for the end. In Study 1, the FFMI was translated to suit the Korean context, and exploratory factor analysis, along with partial constraint target rotation, was conducted on a sample of 210 adults aged 19 and above. The results revealed the same three higher-order factor structure as the original scale, identifying Agency, Planfulness, and Antagonism as the factors, with some shifts in sub-factors observed. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analysis was performed on a different sample of 300 adults aged 19 and above, confirming that the FFMI is a generalizable tool. Additionally, a Rasch analysis indicated that the FFMI's 5-point Likert scale is appropriate. Upon examining the appropriateness of the items, three out of the 52 items were found to have a minimal impact on the quality of measurement and were excluded, leaving the remaining items at an appropriate level. Finally, convergent validity and correlation analyses with criterion measures demonstrated that the FFMI could serve as a substitute for existing Machiavellianism assessment tools and effectively captures the theoretical characteristics of Machiavellianism.

DWP401, a recombinant human epidermal growth factor, was subcutaneously administered to ICR mice at the dose levels of 0, 0.04, 0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg/day (15rats/sex/group) in order to evaluate the subchronic toxicity. General observations, examinations for food and water consumption, ophthalmoscopy and urinalysis were carried out during the study. For the complete gross and microscopic examinations, 10 mice/ sex/group were sacrificed at the ends of the dosing period, and the remaining animals were sacrificed with a 5 week recovery period. Examinations for hematology and blood biochemistry were also carried out at the time of recovery period. Based on the results, it was thought that the target tissue or organs were mesothelial cell, injection site, spleen, adrenal gland, ovary and transitional epithelial cell of urinary tract, and no observed toxic level of DWP401 was 0.04 mg/kg while definite toxic dose level might be 0.2 mg/kg.

The acute toxicity of recombinant human epidermal growth factor, DWP-401 was evaluated in ICR mice of both sexes. Six groups of mice were administered orally or subcutaneously with 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg of DWP-401. Abnormal clinical signs related to the compound were not observed, and no deaths occurred. Gross findings of necropsy revealed no evidence of specific toxicity related to DWP-401. LD$_{50}$ values for both male and female mice were evaluated to be over 2 mg/kg, which is approximately 2, 000 fold of presumed clinical dose.e.

본 논문은 도시유역의 최적 배수관망설계를 위한 위험도-안전도계수 관계를 설정하는 것이다. 배수관망의 신뢰도 분석을 위하여는 하수관의 용량과 하중을 결정하는 식을 구성하는 여러가지 매개변수들의 불확실성이 고려되어야 하며, 이에 따른 위험도를 결정하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 신뢰도 분석기법을 유역면적 $381,000m^2$인 성산 유수지 유역에 적용하였다. 하수관망의 용량을 결정하는 식으로는 Darcy-Weisbach식을, 하중을 결정하는 식으로는 합리식을 사용하였으며, 하수관의 용량과 설계유량과의 비로 나타나는 안전도계수를 구하여 이를 하수관망의 위험도와 상관시켰다. 이에 따라 재현기간별 위험도-안전도계수를 얻었으며, 이는 배수관망의 최적설계에 이용될 수 있다.

This paper presents the relation between risk and safety factor for optimal storm sewer design in urban area. For reliability analysis of the storm sewer, uncertainty of the various parameters of constituting equation determining the capacity and load of storm" sewer is considered and risk is determined. In this study, reliability analysis method is applied to Seongsan detention reservoir basin which area is $381,000m^2$ Darcy-Weisbach equation is used for determining capacity of the storm sewer and rational formula is used for determining load. Safety factor representing ratio of the sewer capacity and design flowrate is calculated, and relating with risk. Then risk and safety factor with return period is obtained and it is used for optimal design of storm sewer.

The primers for RT-PCR and RACE-PCR were designed by aligning the pig genomic sequence and the human complement factor B(CFB) coding sequence(CDS) from the GenBank. Each PCR product was amplified in pig cDNA and sequencing was carried out. The CDS length of pig CFB gene was determined to be 2298 bp. In addition, the pig CDS was more longer than human and mouse orthologs because of insertion and deletion. The identities of porcine nucleotide sequences with those of human and mice were 84% and 80%, and the identities of amino acids were 79% to 77%, respectively. Three complement control protein(CCP) domains, one Von Willebrand factor A(VWFA) domain and a serine protease domain, that are revealed typically in mammals, were found in the pig CFB gene. Based on the CDSs determined, the primers were designed in intron regions for amplification of entire length of exons. In amplification and direct sequencing with genomic DNAs of six pig breeds, three cSNPs(coding single nucleotide polymorphisms) were identified and verified as missense mutations. Using the Multiplex-ARMS method, we genotyped and verified the mutations identified from direct sequencing. To demonstrate recrudescence, we performed both direct sequencing and Multiplex-ARMS with two randomly selected DNA samples. The genotype of each sample exhibited the same results using both methods. Therefore, three cSNPs were identified from pig CFB gene and that can be used for haplotype analysis of the swine leukocyte antigen(SLA) class III region. Moreover, the results indicate that the Multiplex-ARMS method should be powerful for genotyping of genes in the SLA region.

본 연구의 목적은 다음과 같다: 1) 돼지에서 150-kDa ternary insulin-like growth factor(IGF) complex의 한 구성 요소인 acid-labile subunit (ALS) 유전자 intron의 존재 확인·cloning 및 돼지 ALS(porcine ALS; pALS) complementary DNA(cDNA)의 3' 비해독(untranslated) 부위(3' UT) 증폭·cloning, 2) intron-spanning primer pair를 이용한 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) 방법에 의한 돼지 조직에서의 ALS 유전자 발현 분포 확인 및 3) 돼지 hepatocyte에서의 ALS 유전자 발현 여부 확인. 돼지 genomic DNA를 template로 하여 PCR 방법으로 예상되는 intron 부위를 증폭하고 plasmid vector에 삽입하여 염기서열을 결정한 결과 타 종의 ALS 유전자에서와 같은 위치에 1,371-base pair(bp)의 pALS intron이 존재함을 확인하였다. 역시 본 연구에서 간에서 추출한 RNA를 주형으로 시작하여 3' rapid amplification of cDNA end(3' RACE) 방법으로 147-bp의 3' UT를 합성하고 그 염기서열을 결정하였다. RT- PCR 결과 간은 물론 조사된 모든 돼지의 내장기관(신장, 폐, 비장)과 자성 생식기관(난소, 난관, 자궁) 및 골격근육에서 ALS 유전자가 발현됨이 밝혀졌다. 또한 돼지 간 조직에 대한 in-situ hybridization 결과 hepatocyte에서 ALS 유전자가 발현됨이 확인되었다. 이상의 결과는 ALS가 혈중 IGF의 저장/조절체로서의 주기능 외에 모세혈관 밖에서도 미지의 기능이 있을 가능성을 시사한다.

The aims of this study were as follows: 1) identification and cloning of an intron of the gene coding for porcine acid-labile subunit(pALS), a component of the 150-kDa ternary insulin-like growth factor(IGF) complex, and amplification and cloning of 3' untranslated region(3' UT) of pALS complementary DNA, 2) identification of pALS gene expression in porcine tissues by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using an intron-spanning primer pair and 3) identification of ALS gene expression in porcine hepatocytes. Following nucleotide sequencing after amplification of pALS gene by PCR using genomic DNA as template with a primer pair spanning the expected intron region and insertion of the PCR product into a plasmid vector, a 1,371-base pair(bp) intron of pALS gene has been identified at a site of pALS gene identical to those of other ALS genes of known species. Also identified and sequenced in the present study was a 147-bp 3' UT following 3' rapid amplification of cDNA end(3' RACE) using RNA isolated from the liver as starting template. Results of the RT-PCR have exhibited that pALS gene is expressed not only in the liver but in other internal organs(kidney, lung, spleen), female reproductive organs(ovary, oviduct, uterus) and skeletal muscle. Moreover, in the liver, the ALS gene was found to be expressed in hepatoctytes by in-situ hybridization. These results suggest a possibility that in addition to the known major role as plasma IGF reservoir/regulator, ALS may also have unknown role(s) in the extra-vascular space.

본 연구는 혈장의 insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I과 IGF-II 농도와 산자수 및 비유성적과의 관계를 구명하고자 착수되었다. 분만주가 비슷한 미경산 및 경산 임신돈 중에서 선발한 총 60두의 순종 Landrace와 Yorkshire 공시돈을 저산자수 (low; < ­0.5 SD)와 고산자수 (high; > + 0.5 SD)-lines로 구분하여 2 (품종) × 2 (line) 요인분석 실험설계 하에 본 실험을 진행하였다. 공시돈은 분만시 모돈당 포유자돈수를 9두로 고정시키고, 3주령 이유시 비유량의 척도로서 총 이유자돈 체중을 측정하였다. 혈액 시료는 임신 90일과 분만 후 15일에 경정맥으로부터 채취하였다. 본 실험기간 중 산자수 및 본 실험기간까지의 평균 산자수는 high-line이 low-line보다 각각 3.7두와 2.4두 많았고 (P< 0.01), 두 품종간 산자수 차이는 없었다. 임신 90일 혈장의 IGF-II 농도는 low-line보다 high- line에서 높았다. 산자수는 임신 90일 IGF-I 농도와 Landrace에서는 부의 상관관계를 나타냈고 (r=－0.46; P<0.05), Yorkshire에서는 부의 상관관계 경향을 나타내어 (r=－0.31; P=0.09) 전체 공시돈에서는 이들 두 변수간 유의적인 부의 상관관계를 보였다 (r=－0.35; P< 0.01). 이유시 모돈당 총 이유자돈 체중은 두 품종간 혹은 두 lines간 차이가 없었다. 이유자돈 체중과 IGF 농도와의 관계는 품종 × 생리적인 생태 조합들간 일정한 경향을 나타내지 않았다. 이상의 결과는 임신 90일 IGF 농도가 임박한 분만시 산자수의 지표가 될 수 있는 가능성을 시사한다.

The present study was undertaken to find relationships of plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-II concentrations to litter size and lactation performance. Sixty pure-bred Landrace and Yorkshire pigs having similar farrowing weeks which had been selected from a large number of pregnant gilts and sows were divided into low- (< － 0.5 SD) and high-litter size (> + 0.5 SD) lines under a 2 (breed) × 2 (line) factorial arrange of treatments. After adjusting the litter size to nine piglets per sow at farrowing, total litter weight was measured at three weeks postpartum at weaning as an index of milk yield. Blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein at day (d)-90 pregnancy (Px) and at d-15 postpartum. The litter size or the number of piglets born during the present experiment and the average litter size during the entire parities up to the present one were greater in the high-line than in the low-line by 3.7 and 2.4 piglets, respectively (P<0.01); effect of the breed on litter size was not significant. Plasma IGF-II concentration at d-90 Px was greater in the high-line than in the low-line. Litter size and d-90 Px IGF-I concentration were negatively correlated in Landrace (r=－0.46; P<0.05) and tended to be negatively correlated in Yorkshire (r=－0.31; P=0.09), which resulted in a significant negative correlation between these two variables in total animals (r=－0.35; P<0.01). Litter weight at weaning was not different between the two breeds or lines. Relationships between the litter weight and IGF concentration were not consistent across the breed × physiological stage combinations. Results suggest that d-90 Px IGF concentrations may be indicative of the litter size at impending farrowing.

Acid-labile subunit(ALS)는 85-kDa 크기의 당단백질로서 7.5-kDa의 insulin-like growth factor(IGF) 및 40~45-kDa IGF-binding protein-3와 결합하여 150-kDa ternary complex를 형성하는 혈장단백질이다. 선행연구에서 본 연구진은 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) 방법으로 돼지(porcine) ALS(pALS)의 coding sequence를 합성하여 plasmid vector에 삽입시켜 ‘expression construct’를 제작한 바 있다. 그러나 본 expression construct의 pALS coding sequence에는 PCR error로 추정되는 원인으로 말미암아 2개의 bases에서 mis-sense mutation이 일어난 것이 발견되었다. 본 연구에서는 ‘site-directed mutagenesis’ 방법으로 pALS의 올바른 coding sequence를 합성하여 ‘insert DNA’의 마지막 codon 다음에 ‘His-tag’ sequence가 위치한 pET- 28a(+) plasmid expression vector에 삽입하였다. 본 expression construct는 E. coli BL21(DE3) 세포에서 ‘induction’ 시켰고, 발현된 유전자재조합(recombinant) peptide는 Ni-affinity chromato- graphy로 정제하였다. 이렇게 affinity chro- matography로 정제된 peptide는 SDS-PAGE에서 66kDa 위치에 single band를 나타냄으로써 recombinant pALS의 예상된 질량과 일치하였다. 이상의 결과는 본 연구에서 recombinant pALS peptide가 성공적으로 발현정제되었음을 시사한다.

Acid-labile subunit(ALS) is a 85-kDa glycosylated plasma protein which forms a 150-kDa ternary complex with 7.5-kDa insulin-like growth factor(IGF) and 40~45-kDa IGF-binding protein-3. In a previous study, the present authors prepared a porcine ALS(pALS) expression construct by inserting a pALS coding sequence into a plasmid vector following synthesis of the sequence by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). The expression construct, however, was subsequently found to have a mis-sense mutation at two bases of the pALS coding sequence which is presumed to have occurred through a PCR error. In the present study, the correct coding sequence was synthesized by the site-directed mutagenesis and inserted into the pET-28a(+) plasmid expression vector containing the His-tag sequence flanking the last codon of the insert DNA. After induction of the expression construct in E. coli BL21(DE3) cells, the resulting presumptive recombinant peptide was purified by the Ni-affinity chromatography. Upon SDS- PAGE, the affinity-purified peptide was resolved as a single band at a 66-kDa position which is consistent with the expected molecular mass of the presumptive recombinant pALS. Collectively, results indicate that a recombinant pALS peptide was successfully expressed and purified in the present study.

YHB6211, a newly developed recombinant human granulocyte colonystimulating factor, was administered at dose levels of 0, 3, 15, and 75 $\mu$g/kg/day intravenously to the pregnant New Zealand White rabbits (20 rabbits per group) during the organogenetic period, days 6 to 18 of gestation. All dams were subjected to Caesarian section on day 28 of gestation and their fetuses were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal abnormalities. No abnormalities in clinical signs, body weight changes, gross findings, mortality, and external appearance were found in all dams and fetuses exposed to 0, 3, and 15 $\mu$g/kg/day of YHB6211. However, in the group treated with 75 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg/day of YHB6211, maternal body and uterine weights, fetal body weights and length, and the number of live fetuses were significantly decreased and further fetal mortality was remarkably increased. It is suggested that YHB6211 may have no side effect up to the dose level of 15 $\mu$g/kg/day, and there would be no teratogenicity for fetuses of rabbits up to 75 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg/day even if it may have some toxic effects over 75$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg/day for dams and fetuses of rabbits.