Earticle

Increased utilization of a ‘Starcraft’ game developed by Blizzard Entertainment have created a new E-sport game genre. Audiovisual works played by professional E-sport game players are being distributed throughout the Internet. However there exist no legislative protection of professional E-sport Game players. In this respect this article studied possible ways to protect players. The game replay movie cannot be protected as like movie, because it is created based on computer software program. The game replay cannot be protected as derivative work, because it does not have originality. Thus player itself cannot be copyright holder nor performer in his audiovisual work. However Players can be protected in regard of publicity right and stadium right. In conclusion protection of players may exercise the development of E-sport Game industry.

본 연구는 독일의 (사)세이프스포츠(Safe Sport e.V.) 사례를 중심으로스포츠 인권 보호 기구의 독립성과 전문성을 담보하기 위해 법적·재정적·구조적 메커니즘을 분석하였다. 이를 통해 국내 스포츠 인권 보호를위한 공적 대응 체계가 직면한 구조적 한계를 진단하며, 피해자 중심의독립적 지원 체계 구축을 위한 정책적 시사점을 도출하였다. 연구 방법으로는 독일 연방 및 주정부의 공식 보고서, 기관 정관, 선행 문헌을 검토하는 문헌 연구법과 해당 기관의 실제 운영 사례를 심층적으로 검토하는 사례 분석법을 병행하였다. 독립적 상담 창구인 ‘(사)세이프스포츠’의 운영 메커니즘 분석은 상담 및 조사 기능의 엄격한 구조적 분리, 공적 재원에 기반한 사단법인(e.V.)으로서의 법적·재정적 독립성 확보, 심리·법률 전문가 중심의 다학제적 지원 체계, 그리고 피해자의 자기결정권 보장 등을 기반으로 ‘조직의 구조적 독립성’과 ‘피해자 중심주의’를 제도적으로 결합한 독립적 거버넌스 체계를 구축하고 있다.

This study examines the legal, financial, and structural mechanisms underlying Germany’s Safe Sport e.V. to investigate how the independence and professionalism of sports human rights protection organizations can be institutionally secured. Based on this analysis, the study identifies the structural limitations of South Korea’s current sports human rights protection system and derives policy implications for establishing an independent, victim-centered support framework. Methodologically, the study employs a literature review of official reports, organizational statutes, and related scholarship, along with a case study of the organization’s operational practices. The findings reveal that Safe Sport e.V. has established an independent governance model through the structural separation of counseling and investigative functions, legal and financial independence through a publicly funded registered association (e.V.), multidisciplinary support led by psychological and legal experts, and the guarantee of victims’ right to self-determination.

This study aims to analyze the financial soundness of 15 listed international e-sport firms from 2021 to 2023 using three failure prediction models: the Altman revised Z score model, the Springate model, and the Zmijewski model. The results are summarized as follows. First, this study's findings show that most firms are in financial distress over the sample period. Second, the Altman revised Z score model classified results 4 out of the 15 e-sport firms as financially healthy for the entire period. Second, Springate and Zmijewski’s models classified 1 out of the 15 esports firms as financially sound for the entire period. In conclusion, Springate and Zmijewski’s models predicted more e-sport firms as likely to go bankrupt than the Altman Z score model. This result is expected to be useful for investors and lenders in their investment decision-making process regarding e-sport firms.

This study aims to analyze the financial soundness of 15 listed international e-sport firms from 2021 to 2023 using three failure prediction models: the Altman revised Z score model, the Springate model, and the Zmijewski model. The results are summarized as follows. First, this study's findings show that most firms are in financial distress over the sample period. Second, the Altman revised Z score model classified results 4 out of the 15 e-sport firms as financially healthy for the entire period. Second, Springate and Zmijewski’s models classified 1 out of the 15 esports firms as financially sound for the entire period. In conclusion, Springate and Zmijewski’s models predicted more e-sport firms as likely to go bankrupt than the Altman Z score model. This result is expected to be useful for investors and lenders in their investment decision-making process regarding e-sport firms.

본 연구는 장애인 e스포츠의 엘리트 스포츠 제도적 전환 가능성을 탐색하고, 기능적 등급분류와 포인트 시스템의 적용 가능성을 검토하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 LoL을 중심 사례로 설정하고, IPC의 기능적 등급분류 원칙과 IWBF·WWR의 포인트 시스템을 현행 장애인 e스포츠 분류 체계와 비교하였으며, 비교 제도 분석과 공개 담론 분석을 결합한 다방법 탐색 연구 설계를 적용하였다. 분석 결과, 기존 패럴림픽 종목의 기능적 분류 체계는 증거 기반성과 종목 특이성 측면에서 일정한 제도적 기준을 갖추고 있는 반면, 현행 장애인 e스포츠 분류 체계는 경기 수행 특성을 반영한 기능적 기준과 실증적 근거가 충분히 축적되지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 공개 담론에서는 의학적 분류, 기기–인간 인터페이스 접근성, 통합·포용 가치와 엘리트 스포츠 제도화 간 긴장이 주요하게 나타났으며, IWBF·WWR형 포인트 시스템에 대한 논의는 제한적으로 확인되었다. 이는 포인트 시스템이 현장에서 적용 가능성이 검증된 제도라기보다, 향후 공정한 팀 구성과 중증 장애인 선수의 참여 기회 확대를 위해 검토할 필요가 있는 제도적 과제임을 시사한다. 본 연구는 장애인 e스포츠 등급분류 체계의 제도적 전환을 위한 탐색적 기초자료를 제공하고, 후속 실증 연구와 정책적 논의를 위한 방향을 제시한다.

This study explores the institutional transition of disability e-sports toward elite sport, focusing on the applicability of functional classification and point systems to League of Legends (LoL). Using a multi-method exploratory design, it compares IPC functional classification principles and IWBF/WWR point systems with the current disability e-sports classification system and analyzes related public discourse. The findings show that the current system requires further development in evidence-based and sport-specific classification. Public discourse mainly addresses medical classification, device–human interface accessibility, and the tension between inclusion and elite-sport institutionalization. Discussions of IWBF/WWR-type point systems remained limited. This suggests that such systems should be considered an institutional issue for future examination rather than an already verified field application. This study provides exploratory groundwork for future empirical research and policy discussion on disability e-sports classification.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural relationship between media engagement, viewing immersion, viewing satisfaction, and loyalty of e-sports viewers. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, a survey was conducted on 300 college students with experience in watching e-sports in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Chungnam. Data processing was done with SPSS 26 for frequency analysis, Cronbach's α analysis. Also, AMOS 13 was used for confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model analysis. We have the following results. first, among the sub-factors of media engagement, functional engagement and communal engagement had a significant effect on viewing commitment. Second, among the sub-factors of media engagement, emotional engagement had a significant effect on viewing satisfaction. Third, it was found that viewing commitment and viewing satisfaction had a significant effect on loyalty. From the results of this study, it can be seen that the media engagement of e-sports viewers affects loyalty through viewing commitment and viewing satisfaction.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the structural relationship among advertising attribute, advertising attitude, product attitude and purchase intention in YouTube advertising. The survey subjects to achieve the purpose of this study were selected the group of 300 students who have been watching YouTube VOD once more and are attending in three universities that are located in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Chungnam. Data processing was done with SPSS 23 for frequency analysis, Cronbach's α analysis. Also, AMOS 18 was used for confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model analysis. information, irrtation and individuality affect viewers' advertisement attitude, their product attitude and purchasing intent, among advertisement attributes of e-sports items perceived by viewers of YouTube's e-sports videos with the insertion of advertisements that cannot be skipped in the middle of the video.Therefore, the similarity between the video and the advertised product or brand should be taken into account when producing advertisements inserted in the YouTube video, and a more positive advertising effect can be achieved when advertisement can be carried out reflecting the characteristics of the target viewers.

본 논문에서는 대학생들의 e-스포츠팀에 대한 경기관람 후 서비스품질이 관람만족과 재관람의사 및 재추천의사에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 연구모형은 SERVQUAL모형의 5개 요인인 감정이입(Empathy), 유형성(Tangibles), 대응성(Responsiveness), 보증성(Assurance), 신뢰성(Reliability)을 사용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과를 요약하면, 첫째, SERVQUAL요인들이 관람만족(R2=.253 F=19.895, p<.01)에 미치는 영향을 살펴보면, 유형성(B=.364), 대응성(B=.434)이 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치고, 둘째, 관람만족이 재관람의사(R2=.194, F=71.551, p<.01)에 미친 영향은 관람만족(B=.374)이 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있고, 셋째, 관람만족이재추천의사(R2=.128, F=43.844, p<.01)에 미치는 영향은 관람만족(B=.309)이 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 e-스포츠팀에 대한 경기관람 후 서비스품질 만족도에 따라 재관람 의사와 재추천 의사에 영향이미친다.

In this paper, we studied the effects of service quality on the satisfaction of viewing, rewatching intention, and recommendation intention after watching the e-sports team of college students. The research model was analyzed using five factors of SERVQUAL model: Empathy, Tangibles, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Reliability. The analysis results are as follows. first, The effects of SERVQUAL factors on viewing satisfaction(R2=.253 F=19.895, p<.01) showed that tangibility(B=.364), and responsiveness(B=434) had a significant effect. Second, the effect of viewing satisfaction on revisit intention(R2=.194, F=71.551, p<.01) has a significant influence on viewing satisfaction(B=.374). Third, the effect of viewing satisfaction on re-recommendation(R2=.128, F=43.844, p<.01) was found to have a significant effect on viewing satisfaction(B=.309). Therefore, after watching the game for the e-sports team, the satisfaction of service quality affects the rewatching intention and the recommendation intention.

영화를 통해 비판적 체육􎅔스포츠교육(학)의 가능성을 탐색하는 이 연구는 크게 두 가지 사항을 논의한다. 첫째, 스포츠영화를 비판적 교육(학)의 관점에서 읽고 다시 교육적으로 활용하는목적과 방법에 대한 이론적 논의를 개진한다. Paulo Freire에서 시작하여 Henry Giroux를 거쳐 지금은 전 세계의 많은 교육(학)자들이 주목하여 탐구하고 있는 ‘비판적 문해’의 개념을 최의창(2013)이 주장한 ‘스포츠 리터러시’의 아이디어와 연관지어 ‘비판적 스포츠 문해’라는 소양 혹은 역량을 착안하여 제시한다. 그리고 이 소양을 함양하는 교육적 실제의 구체적인 방식으로 ‘문제제기식 교수-학습’의 원리와 성격을 요약적으로 정리한다. 둘째, 《4등》이라는 영화를 비판적교육(학) 관점의 예비(초등)체육교사교육에 활용하는 방식을 두 가지 생성적 주제를 중심으로 소개한다. 하나는 영화 속 인물들을 사회적 존재로 인식하면서 이야기의 구조와 과정을 비판적으로 읽고 해석하며 대화/토론하는 차원이다. 이를 통해, 학생들은 영화가 문제화하는 스포츠세계의 폭력적 체벌과 1등 지상주의라는 사건 혹은 현상을 개인적 차원의 이슈로 단순화하거나 환원하여 받아들이지 않고, 개인과 구조가 관계하며 빚어내고 만들어지는 집합적이고 구조적인 차원으로 문제화하여 인식하는 입체적 안목을 함양할 수 있다. 다른 하나는 영화 밖 스포츠 세계 및세상에 대한 읽기와 토론으로 나아가는 차원이다. 교사/교수와 학생 모두 ‘교육과정 비평가’가되어 영화 속 스포츠이야기를 체육과 교육과정이 지시하는 ‘도전’과 ‘경쟁’의 가치와 연관지어생각해보고, 나아가 학교교육 및 사회 체제 전반에 작동하고 있는 ‘(무한)경쟁’이라는 교육 담론속에서 다시 사유해보는 것이다. 결론에서는, 비판적 체육􎅔스포츠교육(학)의 가치와 비전을 함께 상상하고 탐색하는 공동의 여정을 제안하며 마무리한다.

The purpose of the study is twofold. First, we discuss theoretical points in terms of why film can be a ‘good’ source for teaching critical pedagogy-oriented classes in physical education and sports. Especially, it mainly focuses on two concepts: one is what we call ‘critical sport literacy’ which combined between Paulo Freire’s ‘critical literacy’ and what Choi(2013) coined ‘sport literacy’and the other is about some principles and characteristics regarding ‘the problem-posing dialogue’ informed by Freire, as a method for teaching critical literacy. Second, we introduce a specific way to utilize films into critical teaching in elementary P.E. teacher education, selecting a Korean sport film 《4th place》 as well as demonstrating for what goal and how to design problem-posing dialogue for cultivating critical sport literacy. In short, two themes are detailed. One is a theme of how to conceptualize protagonists in the film as a social being not only considered their personal characters but also integrated their ways of living in social relations. The other is to critically think and interpret the value of competition represented in the film within the broad relations among the national curriculum of physical education, public school sports as a systematic institution of cultural practice, and the larger conditions of historical, political, social, and cultural contexts. In order to facilitate this point, teacher and students need to play a role of curriculum-critic in participating dialogue and discussions.