Earticle

이 연구에서는 회복탄력성의 개념을 이론적으로 고찰하고, 기존 회복탄력성 척도에 대한 비교 분석을 통해 추후 연구 방향을 논의하였다. 먼저 회복탄력성의 개념을 성격적 특성과 역동적 과정으로 구분한 연구자들의 입장을 정리하고, 역동적 과정으로서의 회복탄력성에 초점을 맞춰 회복탄력성의 개념을‘역경에 대한 해석’과‘긍정적 적응의 수준’의 관점에서 탐구하였다. 그리고 국내 연구에 활용되는 회복탄력성 척도들이 연구자가 밝힌 회복탄력성 개념에 맞게 개발되고 있는지에 대해 비교 분석하였다. 이 연구 결과 연구자가 회복탄력성 개념에 대해 명확한 입장을 밝히지 않고 척도를 개발하거나, 척도 개발에서 밝힌 회복탄력성 개념과 실제로 측정한 값이 동일하다고 보기 어려운 것으로 나타났다. 추후 회복탄력성의 연구 방향과 과제를 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연구자 각자의 연구목적에 맞는 회복탄력성 개념 정립이 필요하다. 둘째, 회복탄력성의 개념 정립을 기초로 회복탄력성의 역동적 과정을 측정하는 척도 개발이 필요하다. 셋째, 회복탄력성을 증진시키는 학교 중심 프로그램 개발 연구가 필요하다.

In this study, the concept of Resilience was theoretically examined and the direction of future research in school counseling was discussed through comparative analysis of constructed resilience scale. First, we summarized the position of researchers who classify the concept of resilience as a personality trait and a dynamic process, The concept of resilience as a dynamic process was understood in terms of 'interpretation of adversity' and 'level of positive adaptation'. In addition, we compared the resilience measures used for domestic research to the concept of resilience. The results of this study show that researchers developed a scale without revealing the concept of resilience, the concept of resilience in the development of the scale was not the same as the actual measured value. The research direction and task of resilience afterwards are as follows. First, researchers need to conceptualize the resilience of research. Second, it is necessary to develop a resilience measure that measures the dynamic process based on the concept of resilience. Third, school-based program development research that promotes resilience is needed.

Issues in spectrum allocation between wireless network users have arisen due to the fast increase in the number of broadband services. Such issues include the failure to maximize the performance of all users by considering only a particular category of users. Specifically, a previously adopted selfish algorithm for spectrum allocation considers only the performance of the weakest user. To resolve this issue, we propose a new target data rate setting algorithm for dynamic spectrum allocation. In this algorithm, a Gaussian process regression model is trained to predict the target data rate. All users that perform below the defined target rate will have their frequency band allocations changed to one that guarantees a better performance. Through simulations, we show that the maximum data rate achieved by the weakest user in our algorithm is 121.7% higher than the selfish algorithm.

In deeply scaled CMOS technologies, two major non-ideal factors are threatening the survival of the CMOS; i) PVT (process, voltage, and temperature) variations and ii) leakage power consumption. In this paper, we propose a novel post-silicon tuning methodology to scale optimum voltage and frequency "dynamically". The proposed design technique will use our PVT sensor circuits to monitor the variations and based on the monitored variation data, voltage and frequency will be compensated "automatically". During the compensation process, supply voltage is dynamically adjusted to guarantee the minimum total power consumption without violating the frequency requirement. The simulation results show that the proposed technique can reduce the total power by 85% and the static power by 53% on average for the selected ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits with 45 nm CMOS technology compared to the results of the traditional PVT compensation method.

생물학적 폐수처리 시스템은 시간에 따른 유입 폐수량의 변화가 크고, 처리장으로 유입되는 폐수내의 다양한 성분과 농도의 변화 가 클 뿐 만 아니라, 처리공정 내에서 매우 가변적인 생물학적 반응을 나타내는 특징을 가진다. 본 논문에서는 측정된 공정 데이터에 가장 적합한 다변량 동적 공정 모델이 자동으로 생성되도록 고안된 학습기반 유전자 프로그래밍(GBGP)이라는 진화적 전산 지능을 사용한 자동 공정 모델 유도 시스템을 제안하였다. 이 자동 공정 모델 유도 시스템은 유전자 프로그래밍의 진화적 자기구성 시스템 과 유전학 및 자연선택 메카니즘을 통해 학습 시스템을 사용하여 만들어진 다변형 비선형 모델 진화를 위한 다양한 수학적 기능과 결합되어 있다. GBGP에서 4단계의 모델링 절차가 수행되었다. (1) context-free grammar를 이용하여 P 모델의 초기 개체군(세대 K=0)을 생성시키는 초기화, (2) 변수와 상수의 각 모델에 대한 최적화, (3) 각 모델에 대한 적합도 실행 및 평가, (4) 세대 K=Kmax 가 될 때까지 반복 실행하는 유전자 루프(genetic loop). 모델링 결과 학습기반 유전자 프로그래밍(GBGP)으로 만들어지는 다변량 동 적 공정 모델링 기술이 실제 처리장 규모의 KNR 생물학적 고도처리 공정을 높은 정확도로 출력을 예측하고 주요 작동 변수를 식별 하는 데 유용한 도구임을 보여주었다. 이 모델은 엔진니어가 데이터에 숨겨진 중요한 지식을 알아내고 더 나은 처리장 운영 및 제어 전략을 개발할 수 있도록 이해하기 쉬운 수학 공식의 형태로 자동적으로 생성된다

Biological wastewater treatment systems are characterized by large temporal variability of inflow, variable concentrations of components in the incoming wastewater to the plant, and highly variable biological reactions within the process. This paper proposes an automatic process model induction system using an evolutionary computional intelligence, called grammar-based genetic programming (GBGP), that is specially designed to automatically discover multivariate dynamic process models that best fit observed process data. This automatic process model induction system combines an evolutionary self-organizing system of genetic programming paradigm with various mathematical functions for a multivariate nonlinear model evolution using a grammar system via the mechanism of genetics and natural selection. In the GBGP, a four-step modelling procedure was performed: (1) initialization: generatr an initial population of P models using contex-free grammar. generation K=0; (2) optimize each model (variables and constants) in the population; (3) execute and evaluate the fitness of each model in the population; (4) genetic loop: repeat until termination criterion is met (maximum generation Kmax). The results demonstrate that the multivariate dynamic process modelling technique presented using a grammar-based genetic programming (GBGP) provides a valuable tool for predicting the out puts with high levels of accuracy and identifying key operating variables for the full-scale KNR biological nutrient removal process. These modells are derived automatically in the form of understandable mathematical formulas that enable engineers to extract important knowledge hidden in the data and develop better operation and control strategies.

This paper presents a new approach to managing dynamic business process changes based on business process change patterns. We identify and categorize business process change patterns that occur recurrently in a dynamic business environment. Several issues regarding management of process versions are discussed, and a pattern-based version management method for handling process changes more flexibly is explained in detail. We propose a mechanism for abstract process execution with runtime encapsulation of a business process, which can maximize the flexibility of process execution using multiple process versions. In addition, we propose a concept of process promotion and demotion that can dynamically choose an actual version of the process at run-time. With our pattern-based process change management and versioning approach, it is expected that the flexibility and efficiency of BPM systems can be enhanced significantly.

Intensity modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS) analysis of organic solar cells (OSCs) with a bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) film composed of P3HT and PC61BM was performed. The dynamic response of charge recombination by the postannealing approach in P3HT/PC61BM BHJ solar cells characterized by IMVS demonstrated that post- annealing reduced the recombination of electron carriers in the device. The recombination times of P3HT/PC61BM BHJ solar cells postannealed at room temperature, 80, 120, and 140 oC were 0.009, 0.020, 0.024, and 0.030 ms, respectively, at a short-circuit current of 0.18 mA. The results indicated that the IMVS analysis can be effectively used as powerful.

본 연구의 목적은 시스템 다이나믹스를 활용하여 최근 국내에서 사회적 재난의 하나로 논의되고 있는 미세먼지에 대한 동태적 생애주기 인과지도를 구축하고, 지속가능한 도시 메타볼리즘 패러다 임을 적용한 통합적인 미세먼지 재난관리 틀을 제안하는 것이다. 이러한 목표를 이루기 위해, 본 연구는 미세먼지 및 재난관리와 관련된 이전의 연구들을 통합적으로 검토했다. 결과적으로 본 연구 는 미세먼지 재난의 주요 요인들을 추출하고, 생애주기에 따라 요인 상호 간의 부적 또는 양적 인과 관계를 확인하여 관계가 확인된 변수들을 지속가능 도시메타볼리즘의 주요요소인 경제, 사회, 환경 의 특성 및 새로운 재난 관리단계에 따라 인과지도를 구축하였다. 새롭게 제안하는 재난관리 틀은 기존 재난관리의 단계 틀 보다 분류기준이 명확하고, 재난의 시간적 동태적 특성 및 지속가능성을 반영할 수 있어 미세먼지와 같은 사회적 재난을 미리 예측하고 모니터링하기 용이할 것이며, 이에 따라 정책결정 당국자들이 적절하고 빠르게 재난대응 계획을 수립하고 실행할 수 있게 할 것이다.

This study used system dynamics to build a dynamic life-cycle causal loop diagram for fine dust, one of social disasters recently discussed in Korea in order to propose an integrated disaster management framework for fine dust disaster with a sustainable urban metabolism paradigm. To reach this goal, this study reviewed the previous research related to fine dust and disaster management comprehensively. As a result, this study extracted the major factors of fine dust disaster, checked a mutual causal relationship, and then built a causal loop diagram using variables in each factor according to a sustainable urban metabolism paradigm composed of economic, social and environmental characteristics and a new disaster management framework. The proposed disaster management framework has clearer classification criteria than the existing framework and reflects the time-dynamic characteristics of disasters and sustainability, making it easier to predict and monitor fine dust disaster in advance and enabling policy makers and practitioners to prepare action plans and implement them in an appropriate and prompt manner.

Dynamic process planning requires not only more flexible capabilities of a CAPP system but also higher utility of the generated process plans. In order to meet the requirements, this paper develops an algorithm that can select machines for the machining operations by calculating the machine loads. The developed algorithm is based on the multi-objective genetic algorithm that gives rise to a set of optimal solutions (in general, known as the Pareto-optimal solutions). The objective is to satisfy both the minimization number of part movements and the maximization of machine utilization. The algorithm is characterized by a new and efficient method for nondominated sorting through K-means algorithm, which can speed up the running time, as well as a method of two stages for genetic operations, which can maintain a diverse set of solutions. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated by comparing with another multiple objective genetic algorithm, called NSGA-II and branch and bound algorithm.

AE(Acoustic Emission) signal is correlated to workpiece material, cutting conditions and tool geometry during metal cutting. The relationship between AE signal and cutting parameters can be obtained by theoretical model and experiments. The value of CR(Count Rate) is nearly constant in stable cutting, but when the chatter vibration occours, the value of CR is rapidly increased due to the vibration deformation zone. By experimental signal processing of AE, it is more effective than by RMS(Root Mean Square) measurement to detect the threshold of chatter vibration by CR measurement.

한국 문화와 한국인의 정서를 반영하는 한국적 상담모형의 대안으로 현실역동상담이 제안된바 있다. 본 연구에서는 국가청소년위원회 산하인 청소년상담지원센터에서 의뢰한 아들에게 폭행을 당한 부모를 상담하면서 현실역동상담의 특성이 어떻게 드러나고 있는지를 질적으로 분석했다. 현실역동상담의 일곱 가지 주요 특성은 한국사회가 체면사회인 만큼 전체적 맥락을 고려해 문제 파악하기, 내적세계 뿐만 아니라 외적인 현실세계 중시하기, 관계 속에서의 역할 강조하기, 상담자가 양육자 내지는 교육자와 같은 역할하기, 내담자가 깨어나도록 직면시키기, 부모-자녀간의 관계회복 도모하기, 사람들과의 관계 속으로 내담자를 밀어 넣기인데, 이러한 것들이 부모를 폭행하는 아들을 둔 부모에 대한 상담과정에서 명료하게 드러났다. 본 연구에서는 상담자와 내담자 간에 이루어진 대화의 원자료가 너무 길고, 또 그것만으로는 무엇이 어떻게 진행되었는지가 선명하게 드러나지 않기 때문에 상담자 자신의 해설이 곁들여진 사례보고를 분석하는 방식을 채택했다.

The Reality Dynamic Counseling which reflects Korean culture and Korean sensibilities has been introduced as a model of Korean counseling approach. This is a qualitative study to examine how the characteristics of Reality Dynamic Counseling appear upon the real counseling process for the clients who were physically attacked by their own son and were brought to this counseling export from juvenile counseling service center. The major properties of Reality Dynamic Counseling are grasping the problem with connecting whole context, dealing with an external world as well as an internal world, emphasizing a role in relation with others, serving as a fosterer or an educator for counselor, confronting a client to awake from a disillusion, restoring to the good relationship between a parent and a child, and pulling a client to the relation with people. These properties are well brought out in the real counseling process. The Manual written by a counselor which gives us detailed commentary on counseling process was selected and analyzed in this study because the protocol between a counselor and a client was too large quantity and it could not show on how to change like facial expression and voice.

This paper presents the influence of the process parameters on the change in dynamic behavior of a lathe turning system. With variation of feed rate, depth of cut, direction of tool motion, cutting speed and tool location along the workpiece, the dynamic characteristics of stable cutting, chatter transition and fully developed chatter regions are demonstrated. The workpiece vibration during machining is continuously measured at different tool locations along the workpiece and quantitatively analyzed. Complex linear behavior due to change of process parameter values as well as fundamental wystem nonlinearity due to change of process configuration indicated by a tool path dependence of the locations of chatter onset and disappearance are described. Finally, the structural characteristics of the turning system which can have large and nonlinear effects on system behavior are presented.

This paper suggests a decision tree based approach for flexible job shop scheduling with multiple process plans. The problem is to determine the operation/machine pairs and the sequence of the jobs assigned to each machine. Two decision tree based scheduling mechanisms are developed for static and dynamic flexible job shops. In the static case, all jobs are given in advance and the decision tree is used to select a priority dispatching rule to process all the jobs. Also, in the dynamic case, the jobs arrive over time and the decision tree, updated regularly, is used to select a priority rule in real-time according to a rescheduling strategy. The two decision tree based mechanisms were applied to a flexible job shop case with reconfigurable manufacturing cells and a conventional job shop, and the results are reported for various system performance measures.

최근 바이러스에 의한 전 지구적 위기는 정치, 사회, 경제 모든 분야에서 충격을 미치고 있다. 여러 구성요소가 모여 서로 영향을 주고받을 때 전체 시스템은 새로운 거시적인 특성을 만들어내며 이는 복잡계 네트워크로 정의되고 있다. 산업 역시 기업 간의 가치 사슬 구조에 따른 연결성이 존재함에 따라 네트워크 구조 분석이 가능하다. 이는 기업 네트워크 혹은 산업 네트워크로 연구되고 있다. 1998년과 2009년 경제 위기를 경험하면서 기업과 산업 네트워크에서는 경제 충격과 회복에 관한 연구가 주요한 연구 주제로 등장하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 우리나라 지역을 대상으로 경제 충격 이후의 회복(리질리언스)를 실증적 분석한 연구는 시작단계이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 경제 충격과 회복의 시점에서 발견되는 지역 산업생태계의 공진화 과정을 분석하고자 한다. 경제 충격에 따른 기업 네트워크의 동태적 변화 과정은 어떻게 진행하는가? 기업 네트워크의 공진화 과정에서 발견되는 네트워크 구조적 특징은 지역별로 어떤 차이가 존재하는가? 등의 연구 질문을 통해 변화하는 지역경제와 이에 따른 산업생태계의 네트워크 특성을 분석하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 분석을 위하여 국가 경제 위기가 존재했던 1998년과 2009년 그리고 2019년을 기점으로 한국 자동차부품 관련 기업 네트워크의 동태적 변화 과정을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 국가 경제 위기 이후 자동차 기업 네트워크의 주요 허브인 대우자동차, 아시아, 대림자동차 등이 소멸되면서 네트워크의 전체 크기는 감소하였으며 주요 허브의 감소로 소수 허브로의 집중하는 현상을 보였다. 반면에 평균연결정도 값은 증가하였고 이는 복수 거래망을 가진 기업이 증가함을 의미하는 것이다. 지역별 분석결과 강원권, 충청권은 네트워크 크기가 증가하는 현상을 보였다. 기업의 입지가 증가하고 타 기업과의 거래 연결성이 높아짐으로서 해당 지역의 네트워크가 성장하는 것으로 분석할 수 있었다. 네트워크의 평균연결정도가 전국보다 높은 지역은 수도권, 충청권, 대경권으로 분석되어 복수 거래망을 지닌 기업이 다수 입지하는 현상을 반영하였다.

The growth and decline of firms affect the regional economy. As evidenced in the recent case of Gunsan, even the GM plant, which comprises a large share of the regional economy, may face closure with a decision from the company’s headquarters. However, jobs in the regional economy must be maintained or replaced, and the region must be sustainable. Research is increasing on the conditions required for regional industries (industrial ecosystems) to recover from negative impacts during crises originating from economic shocks. Despite the importance of these studies, research conducting empirical analysis on regions in South Korea is still in its initial stages. Accordingly, through a review of previous research, this study empirically analyzes network structure, which consists of interactions between entities in the regional industrial ecosystem, and geographical proximity for interactions between technology and knowledge. Dynamic changes in network characteristics were based on the following years 1998, 2009, and 2019. As a result of analysis, the areas where the auto component industry is concentrated at the capital area and the east-south area. As a result of analyzing the changes in the network after the economic shock, the overall network size was decreasing, and the only areas where the network size was increasing are Chungcheong and Gangwon. In addition, the overall network characteristics were changing from a centralized network with multiple hubs to a distributed network with few hubs.

This study describes a dynamic model of the hydroforming process which is used for precision forming of sheet metals. To help the controller design for the control of the forming pressure needed for this process as well as to investigate the effect of system parameters on the dynamic behavior, dynamic modeling is performed with emphasis on hydraulic servo system which actuates the forming machine. Since the model contains several unknown parameters, these were estimated via a least square parameter identification method. Based upon the identified model, a series of simulations were performed for various operating conditions. The results were compared with those of the experiments to verify the validity of the proposed model. The comparison study shows that the proposed dynamic model can describe dynamic behavior of the forming pressure of the hydroforming process to desirable accuracy.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the elements that influence on subject expertise in physical education of beginning elementary school teacher during their teacher socialization. In order to achieve the purpose mentioned above, multiple case study were set to observe four elementary school teachers whose teaching career were under five years were. Qualitative research methods with in-depth interviews, participant observation, and collection of documents were employed to collect data. The collected data were analyzed by using inductive categorical system and the data were conformed to be authentic by member check, peer debriefing and triangulation. The elements that influence on subject expertise in physical education, based on knowledge of objectives, knowledge of students' understanding, knowledge of teaching strategies, and knowledge of curriculum., are listed below. First, research participants understood that the acquisition of motor skill and the pursuit of variable activities and pleasure are the objectives of physical education of elementary school. This understanding suggests that their positive and successful experience in sports participation had positively influenced in having confidence in their motor skill. In contrast the poor experience they encountered as students prompted them to create teaching environments different from above mentioned. For some, former teacher in elementary school influenced the development of teaching perspectives by providing teacher with a perspectives on both the pursuit of variety and pleasure. But for the most part the perspectives of elementary school education that regard variety and pleasure are the main elements that influence on knowledge of objectives. Second, on knowledge of students' understanding subject, the research participants have understood that students most favor sports game while students don't like gymnastics. One can see that the fundamental reason which is related to their experience in physical education is that the negative experience in physical education enables them to understand the real reason of favor or disgusting in participating sports. Third, on knowledge of teaching strategies, the instruction pattern of all participants in this study is to explain main contents, show an example and feedback about the practice. and the principal elements that influence on this instruction pattern. It was found that these are so various and individually different. (e.g., Apprenticeship of observation, Teacher education and asking a colleague's opinion. In presenting of teaching tasks, most of tasks are presented by way of showing an skill example. And the apprenticeship of observation did appear to help teachers "practice, analysis or master" instructional skills that are necessary to perform various teaching tasks. In other words, many beginning teacher's experience in physical education were related to the contents of their instruction. Forth, on subject of knowledge of curriculums, the participants in this study collected materials for instruction through various methods (e.g., reference books, internet and asking colleague's opinion) and main reason of using material for instruction was because of the poor subject knowledge of their own. Again, poor experience in physical education and sports participation during their teacher socialization are compounded and mixed and as result, these helped to form their knowledge of curriculums. For some, self confidence that is formed by positive and successful experience in sports participation makes a teacher who doesn't need or require any additional materials for the proper instruction.

In order to design and improve a new machine tool, there is a need for a better understanding of the dynamic cutting force. In this paper, the computer programs were developed to predict the dynamic cutting force by the mean specific cutting pressure in the face milling process. The simulated cutiing forces in X, Y, Z directions resulted from the developed dynamic cutting force model are compared with the measured cutiing forces in the time and frequency domains. The simulated cutting force model have a good agreement with the measured forces in comparison with those resulted from the existing cutting force model.

본 논문은, 부사를 독립어법 형식의 추상부호로 고찰한 수 많은 선행연구를 인지언어학적관점의, 언어주체와 외부세계의 상호작용의 신체성 시점에서 다의부사를 통일적으로 설명하려는 시도이다. 이른바 부사연구의 일환으로서 본 논문은 인지언어학의 “기점-경로-목표도식”을 운용하여 부사 “还”와 “已经”에 대한 사용을 인지의 동기에서 비교적 상세하게 분석하였다. 이러한 다의부사의 사용동기는 동질의 의상도식(image schema)에서 유래하는 것이지만, 그러나 각종 언어형식에서는 확실히 다른 어의기능으로 표현되었다. 그 원인은 두 가지로 볼 수 있다. 그 첫 번째는 의상도식 자체 운용방식의 차이이고, 두 번째는 의상도식의 각종구성요소가 지시하는 대상과 집점화 부위가 다르다는 것이다.

This paper focuses on the use of adverbs as independent grammatical forms in many prior studies, from the perspective of cognitive linguistics and from the perspective of the interaction between the speech subject and the objective world, an attempt is made to unify the ambiguity of the adverb. As a part of the study of adverbs, this paper uses the “Source-Path-Target Schema”to make a concrete analysis of the use of the adverbs “HAI” and “YIJING”. Although the motivations for the use of these polysemous adverbs are derived from homogenous image schemas, various language forms express different semantic functions.There are two reasons for this: one is the similarities and differences of the way the image schema operates; the other is the difference between the object and the focus component indicated by the various components of the image schema. The adverb “HAI” is the conceptualizer with the “determination of the realization of the situation” as the reference point, with the goal of “determination of the unrealized state of affairs”. On the process of exploring the relationship between the reference point and the target, the subjective subject of the speaker is added the driving force of consciousness. The movement of the mental path is the direct semantic motive for using “HAI”. The adverb “YIJING” also adds “another consciousness” to the relationship between the reference point and the target, and its use is also the “Source-Path-target Schema”, but the object indicated by its schema component is different from “HAI/YIJING” is based on the speaker’s space-time location, aiming at the realization of the expected space-time location, and connecting the mental path of the two as the path of the road, and also based on the two movements of the mental perspective vector.

Due to the recent quantum leaps forward in bio-, nano-, and information-technologies, the precisionization and miniaturization of mechanical and electrical components are in high demand. The allowable margin for vibration limits for such equipments is becoming stricter. In order to meet this demand, understandings on the characteristics of vibration isolation systems are highly required. Among the components comprising the vibration isolation system, air spring has become a focal point. In order to develop a complex defect tester for COG bonding of display panels, a vibration isolation system composed of air springs for mounting is considered in this study. The dynamic characteristics of the air spring are investigated, which is the most essential ingredient for reducing the vibration problem of the tester to the lowest level. Uncoupled dynamic parameters of the air spring are identified through MTS experiments, followed by suggestion of a model-based approach to obtain the remaining coupled dynamic parameters. Finally, the dynamic behaviors of the air spring are estimated and discussed.