Earticle

In South Korea, the market for over-the-counter drug advertising (OTCA) has been increasing in recent years; however, research on OTCA has received scant attention from a psychological perspective. Identifying the antecedents and underlying mechanisms of behavioral responses to OTCA helps us understand how consumers engage in health-related decisions. This study focused on a notable theoretical framework that determines behavioral responses to OTCA. Specifically, this study examined the sequential relationship between health consciousness, attention to OTCA, attitude toward OTCA, and behavioral responses to OTCA. It also tested the boundary conditions of the effect of attitude toward OTCA on behavioral responses by examining the moderating role of subjective health knowledge. A nationwide online survey was conducted. The results showed significant dual mediating effects of attitude and attention on behavioral responses. However, subjective health knowledge did not significantly moderate the sequential relationship between attitude toward OTCA and behavioral responses. These findings have implications for strategy, policy, and practice in both public health fields and the advertising industry. Advertising practitioners and healthcare professionals can gain valuable insights into how to enhance consumers’ health-related decision-making for sustainable health promotion.

Food is a cultural marker investigated by several fields of knowledge. The ecological approach to food plants used in human societies can give us insights into food biodiversity and its connection to cultural identity. In our work, we investigate plant knowledge as part of an imagined culinary community among Polish and German descendants in Santa Catarina, Brazil. We interviewed Polish and German descendants and used an ecological analytical approach to discuss patterns of known plants mediated by culture. One hundred years after immigration, we found that ethnic food-centered memories remain. Polish and German descendants share most resources cited, while the difference between plants’ use lies in the ethnic memories and food preparation. There is a tendency to acculturate ingredients and tastes by immigrants descendants, using native species to recreate dishes. This scenario, which joins native plants’ knowledge and ethnic memories, provides an excellent opportunity to maintain local biocultural diversity in urbanized environments.

This study explores the interface between multicultural, or Damunwha, students’ households and English learning in the Korean context. Korea is a relatively homogeneous nation in terms of its ethnic and cultural diversity. In this context, students whose parent(s) are not Korean are labeled as Damunwha students. Despite their minority position, the students have accumulated multilingual and multicultural funds of knowledge, the experience and culture unique to their households. Their use of funds of knowledge in English learning was analyzed from an ecological perspective, which emphasizes learners’ active agency in learning. Two junior-high school students from international marriage families and two other students from immigrant worker families participated in this study. Qualitative data analysis indicated that their funds of knowledge for English were twofold: their home languages and connections to home language communities. Their funds of knowledge were significantly influenced by family relationships and socio-economic status. The funds of knowledge contributed to the students’ English learning only if the students realized the meaningfulness of their funds of knowledge. The study has implications for increasing the role of multicultural education in general curriculum and building conducive home-school relationship by making home visits.

본 연구는 소비자의 사전지식, 광고맥락, 처리목적에 따라 소비자들이 광고내용을 범주처리 하는지 속성처리 하는지를 살펴보았다. 실험결과, 사전지식이 많은 소비자들은 광고와 제품간의 맥락이 일치할 때 범주처리를 그리고 불일치할 때 속성처리를 하는 것으로 나타났으며, 사전지식이 적은 소비자들은 맥락에 상관없이 속성처리를 하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 소비자들의 광고처리목적이 광고평가일 경우 맥락이 일치할 때 범주처리를 그리고 불일치할 때 속성처리를 하는 것으로 나타났으며, 처리목적이 제품평가일 경우 맥락에 관계없이 속성처리를 하는 것으로 나타났다.

This study examined the effects of prior knowledge, context of advertisement and ad processing goals on ad information processing. For this study, it was necessary to observe the contrary hypothesis between two information processing theories: category process and piecemeal process. The results showed that the consumers with high level of prior knowledge used a category-based process when the context between ad and product was congruent and a piecemeal process when the context was not congruent. The consumers with low level of prior knowledge used a piecemeal process regardless of the context. In addition, for the ad processing goal, consumers used a category process when the ad context was congruent and a piecemeal process when it was not congruent. Also, in the case of product processing goal, they used a piecemeal process regardless of the context.

경제학 전공자와 수학 전공자에게 그래프를 보여주고 그래프에 적합한 설명을 고르거나 답을 계산하게 해서 전공이 그래프의 이해와 활용에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 실험 1에서는 경제학과 수학에서 많이 사용되는 그래프를 주고 적절한 설명을 고르게 하였다. 범례를 제공해 그래프의 내용을 추정할 수 있게 한 맥락조건에서 통제집단과 경제학 전공자는 범례의 맥락에 맞는 설명을 선택했으나, 수학전공자는 범례에 상관없이 수학적인 해석을 선택하였다. 범례를 제공하지 않은 무맥락 조건에서 통제집단은 특별한 선호가 없었으나, 경제학 전공자와 수학전공자는 자기의 전공에 맞는 해석을 선택하였다. 실험 2에서는 경제학 전공자와 수학전공자에게 경제학 문제에 대한 답을 계산하게 하였는데, 보기로 주어진 두 계산식이 다 적용가능한 애매조건에서는 전공에 상관없이 두 계산식을 비슷하게 사용하였다. 그러나 하나의 식만 적용가능한 확실조건에서는 경제학 전공자가 정답을 더 많이 보고하였다. 두 개의 실험 결과는 표면 정보가 주어지지 않는 경우와 문제에 대한 제약조건을 알아야 하는 경우에 전공의 영향이 크게 나타남을 보여주었다.

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of knowledge on the interpretation of graphs and the use of information in the graphs. The effects of knowledge on the interpretation of graphs were explored in Experiment 1. In Experiment 1, three groups of undergraduate students (control, economics major, mathematics major) were given graphs of two areas (economics, mathematics) and were asked to choose the most appropriate interpretation of each graph among four alternatives. In the Context condition, where the legends of the graphs and some background information was given with the graphs so that participant's major would not exert any influence on the interpretation of the graphs, control group and economic major students chose the interpretation that matches the context. Whereas in the No-Context condition, where only the graphs were given, participants chose the interpretation that is in accord with their major. In Experiment 2, two groups of participants (economics major, mathematics major) were asked to calculate the answers to three economics problems. Two equations were given in each problem as hints. In the Ambiguous condition, where the two equations were eligible for the problem, both economics major and mathematics chose either equation equally often. However, in the Determinate condition, where only one of the two equations was eligible for the problem, only economics major students used the right equation more often. The results of the two experiments showed that the effect of knowledge is constrained by the task at hand and the information given by the context. That is, the effect of knowledge seemed to exert influence when the problem needs relevance judgment or when there is not enough information in the graphs.

예방 의료에서 유비쿼터스 헬스케어는 노인 환자들의 수명연장에 대한 연구로 발전되고 있다. 이와 같은 연구 들은 수명 연장 및 불의의 사고를 예방하기 위하여 모바일과 무선센서 기술을 사용하여 삶의 질을 향상 시켜 수 명을 연장시키고 있다. 그러나 인터넷을 통해 유비쿼터스 헬스케어 응용프로그램이 모바일화 및 보급이 용이해짐 에 따라 u-헬스정보 보호와 보안에 대한 위협이 증가하고 관심을 받고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 보안 헬스 정 보 교환 기술을 적용한 온톨로지를 이용하는 유헬스 케어 어플리케이션의 지식기반 상황인식 서비스 프레임워크 를 제안한다. 본 연구에서는 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅 환경에서 상황 영역의 보안 헬스 정보 교환 기술을 적용한 온톨 로지를 위한 보편적인 어플리케이션 영역에서 상황 추론, 상황 모델링, 지식 기반 지원을 적용하는 것이다. 본 논 문에서는 예방 서비스 질 변화를 위한 모바일 웹서비스, 상황 기술, 지식베이스에 대하여 논의한다.

The advancement in ubiquitous healthcare specifically in preventive healthcare can lead to longer life expectancy especially for the elderly patients. To aid in preventing premature loss of lives as well as lengthening life span, this research aims to implement the use of mobile and wireless sensor technology to improve the quality of life and lengthen life expectancy. The threats to privacy and security have received increasing attention as ubiquitous healthcare applications over the Internet become more prevalent, mobile and universal. Therefore, we propose Context-aware Service of U-Healthcare Application based Knowledge using Ontology in secure health information exchange. This research also applies ontology in secure information exchange to support knowledge base, context modeling, and context reasoning by applying the general application areas for ontologies to the domain of context in ubiquitous computing environments. This paper also demonstrates how knowledge base, context technologies, and mobile web services can help enhance the quality of services in preventive ubiquitous healthcare to elderly patients.

The ultimate goal and destination of the public domain of intellectual property should be to encourage innovation and expand public civilization space for mankind. From Enlightenment age to the Internet age, intellectual property rights came from the public domain and ultimately reversed to public domain. The theories, including Aristotle’s theory of deontology and consequences and Locke’s labor theory as well as Kant’s theory of natural rights, all believes that intellectual property rights are equally important in the public domain. Public domain resources are the source of innovation. Especially with the new technology in the digital age, the utilization of the public domain has gradually shifted from the traditional negative model to the positive utilization model. However, current intellectual property regime has been criticized to be a kind of protectionism against innovation. It is necessary to develop public domain to promote new innovations. A robust public domain system shall be determinable, available, sustainable, non-excludable and noncompetitive. The key to the "good law" of IPR lies in finding a balance between the private IPR and the public domain. The expansion of exclusive rights should be prudent and modest. At the same time, it is noted the significance of strong public sphere in a knowledge-based economy to promote common progress and enhance benefit for all.

知识经济下的技术发展使得“大规模的合同协同创新”模式成为可能，人们从被动的知识产权专有权的消费者转变为积极利用公共领域进行创新的创造者。这种创新模式不仅带来了创意产业，共享经济等新的经济增长点，而且也改变了公共领域传统静态被动利用的状态，使其成为创新的积极因素。网络技术创新也同时扩展了公共领域的成果，“准公共领域”的出现扩大知识产权公共领域，也实质上扩张了人类文明的公共空间。因此知识产权公共领域应当从新被定义为：公众无需许可径直使用或者平等无歧视的使用智力成果的权利和自由。相应的，“准公共领域”应当被定义为：受知识产法调整的，无需经他人许可即可善意使用智力成果的权利。 从历史的角度看，知识和技术曾经很大程度上属于公有领域的内容，随着商品经济的出现特别是工业革命后技术带来的商业利益，使本属于公共领域的一些知识通过“圈地”变成私人财产，知识产权制度缘此而形成和发展。而知识经济和数字时代的到来及人类面对的诸多公共问题，知识产权制度也相应地从强调“专有权保护”，逐渐演变为倡导和发展“保护”与“协作共享”并重的态势，由此使知识产权公共领域问题日显突出。从知识产权制度背后的哲学原理的角度看来，道义论和后果论强调知识产权制度应当对社会产生有益价值；洛克劳动创造财富理论，关注到专有权应当以有利于维持和拓展公共领域的方式发展；康德自然权利理论侧重于保护创造者的固有权利，而通过专有权获得利益并非属于自然权利。这些理论都强调，知识产权专有权和公共领域都同样重要，知识产权制度的发展应当有益于扩展人类创造的智慧成果，有益于社会的发展。 知识产权公共领域面临知识产权专有权扩张侵蚀公共领域，以及公共领域缺乏保护的困境。知识产权专有权保护期不断延长，新创设的专有权利越来越多，专有权逐渐“侵占”公共领域的现象越来越严重。与此同时，公共领域长期缺乏法律的保护。中国在知识产权公共领域保护方面没有明确专门立法，而是通过含义宽泛的立法语言涵射在内。在中国的司法实践中，公共领域的抗辩出现较晚，包括了何者为公共领域，何时进入公共领域，以及公共领域资源的合理利用问题。 建立确定的，可获得和可持续，非排他性以及非竞争性的强有力的知识产权公共领域制度，对发挥纠正偏狭的知识产权制度和促进创新的十分必要。知识产权法成为“良法”关键在于如何在知识产权私权和公共领域之间寻找到一种平衡，专有权的扩张应当审慎谦抑，同时注意到在开放创新和共创、共享、共有、共赢的知识经济下强有力的公共领域的重要性，以促进全人类的共同进步和提升整体福祉。

스마트 환경에서는 센서, 디스플레이, 스마트폰 등 각종 장치들이 존재하며, 이러한 장치들을 이용하여 다양한 콘텐츠가 제공될 수 있다. 그러나 방대한 양의 콘텐츠가 다수의 사용자들에게 제공되고 있지만, 대부분의 환경에서 사용자에 대한 고려가 없거나 위치, 시간 등의 간단한 요소만을 고려하고 있어 사용자를 위한 유의미한 콘텐츠 제공에한계가 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 사용자에게 맞춤형 콘텐츠를 제공하기 위해 사용자, 장치, 콘텐츠가 가진 상황 정보를 인지하여 콘텐츠를 추천할 수 있는 시스템인 상황인지 기반 콘텐츠 추천 시스템을 제시한다. 상황인지 기반 콘텐츠 추천 시스템은 스마트 환경의 컨텍스트를 추론하고 사용자와 콘텐츠의 정보를 이용하여 사용자의 콘텐츠별 선호도를 산출하고 사용자에게 콘텐츠를 추천한다. 이러한 시스템의 프로세스를 구축하기 위해 도메인 지식을 온톨로지 모델로 구축하고, 콘텐츠 추천 시스템을 설계 및 구현하기 위한 방법을 제시한다. 그리고 부산의 센텀시티를 도메인으로 하여 사례 연구를 진행하며 산출된 0.8730의 평균 절대값 오차를 이용하여 제시한 시스템의 콘텐츠 추천성능의 우수성을 검증하였다.

There are many and various devices like sensors, displays, smart phone, etc. in smart environment. And contents can be provided by using these devices. Vast amounts of contents are provided to users, but in most environments, there are no regard for user or some simple elements like location and time are regarded. So there’s a limit to provide meaningful contents to users. In this paper, I suggest the contents recommendation system that can recommend contents to users by reasoning context of users, devices and contents. The contents recommendation system suggested in this paper recommend the contents by calculating the user preferences using the situation reasoned with the contextual data acquired from various devices and the user profile received from the user directly. To organize this process, the method on how to model ontology with domain knowledge and how to design and develop the contents recommendation system are discussed in this paper. And an application of the contents recommendation system in Centum City, Busan is introduced. Then, the evaluation methods how the contents recommendation system is evaluated are explained. The evaluation result shows that the mean absolute error is 0.8730, which shows the excellent performance of the proposed contents recommendation system.

전통윤리교육은 생태주의 사고방식의 대두, 여성주의 사회운동, 서구중심의 편견을 바로잡으려는 문화 다원주의 등의 도전을 받아 서구 중심의 합리주의에 대한 새로운 방안을 모색하게 된다. 이제 윤리교육 지식은 맥락존중 보편화용의 정신으로 개신하면서 ‘한’의 통사정 소통방안을 요청하기에 이르렀다. 이처럼 전통윤리교육 지식의 변화와 확충에 의하여 타자를 존중하고 진실과 아량에 근거한 공공소통 방안이 새로운 대안으로 부각된다. 윤리교육 지식에서 횡단매개의 홍익의 개신소통은 21세기의 윤리교육 지식의 다양성과 공공성에 크게 기여할 수 있다고 생각된다. 미래의 예측 불가능성, 절대적으로 현재화할 수 없는 시간흐름은 유한자아를 넘어서야 되는 타자의 흔적이 되면서 ‘한’으로 매개하는 가운데 타자의 새로운 발견은 자아 동일시의 개념화를 벗어나 있다. 자아와 타자의 일정거리를 매개하고 연결하는 윤리교육 신지식은 시대적인 화두가 되고 있다. 윤리교육 지식추구에 있어 타인의 외재성을 열망하고 소통하려는 태도에서 타자에로의 초월이 가능해진다. 타자지향의 열망은 자아를 벗어나려는 초월과 연계되며 자아와 타자를 이어주고 살리는 횡단매개 가치를 존중하게 된다. 새로운 윤리교육 지식은 이러한 분리의 거리를 인식하면서 이들 사이를 횡단 매개하는 가운데 대화하고 협력하여 공공소통으로 나아가게 한다. 자기중심의 내면성에서 윤리적 타자에로 개신하는 윤리교육 신지식은 홍익의 개신교육의 정초에서 비롯한다. 개신교육은 타자존재의 발견, 본질 너머로의 대화, 공동의 협력, 존재보다 선한 것으로의 소통으로 이루어진다. 윤리교육 지식의 개신은 타자얼굴과의 소통으로 이루어진다. 이 개신이 󰡔천부경󰡕에에서는 ‘공사공매(公私共媒)’의 공공소통으로, 단군사상에서는 삼명매개의 홍익소통으로 나타난다.

We can say the trans-versality of Han() in ethical education knowledge is transformation process through divine communication, cultural communication, spiritual communication. The trans-versality of Han's spirituality and locality is practical co-existence in the context of ethical education knowledge. The Han's mind of Korean is triple phenomenon of trans-versal awareness of heaven-earth-human. It is intermediation of ethical education expansion as Glo-na-cal mind-set. The returning movement of Han mind manifests a triple self-identity in heaven-earth-human, one based on trust of something that is not subject to confirmation except in the language and experience of Han. But in Han's thought this locality of faith is related to a claim for spiritual renewal light. One-for-the-other is real situation for Korean-selves. Human beings suffer privately the passivity of given responsibility. Han's thought has Glo-na-cal ethical value that requires each individual to suffer its own responsibility for co-existence, its own indebtedness to the other through public communication of triple dimension of Han. Despite the environmental crisis and the danger of man-made disasters, however, there is hope and promise for humanity. Surely, our vulnerable human condition raises frightening questions and causes great anxiety and insecurity, but it is undeniable that spiritual communication has engendered a process of human liberation that has fundamentally redefined who we are and what we can become. Hope lies in the heightened awareness of publicity and responsibility to the other to define their faith in light of transform communication. There is also convergence among ethical education knowledges in responding to the crises of the Second Axial-Age: the depletion of resources, environmental degradation, feminist movement, cultural pluralism, annihilation by weapons of mass destruction, crime and disease, just to mention a few.

사람들은 바쁜 현대사회 속에서 시간적 제재를 받고 있다. 이에 따라 사람들은 건강에 나쁜 영향을 미치는 간편 한 인스턴트 식품을 섭취하고 간단한 운동조차하기 어려운 상황에 놓여있다. 또한 불필요한 정보과부화 현상으로 인해 개인의 특성에 적합하고 정확한 추론을 하는 것에 대한 중요성이 커지고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 다중상황의 군집분 석과 연관규칙을 이용한 지식추론 모델을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 상황정보에 따른 군집을 기반으로 연관규칙을 생 성함으로써 사용자들에게 개인화된 헬스케어 방법을 제공한다. 이를 통해 각 질병에 대한 위험도를 추론함으로써 해당 질병에 대한 발병률을 낮출 수 있다. 또한 성능 평가를 통해 제안하는 모델이 비교 모델보다 수치상으로 F-measure 값이 0.027 더 높게 나타나며, 비교 모델 보다 우수하게 평가된다.

People are subject to time sanctions in a busy modern society. Therefore, people find it difficult to eat simple junk food and even exercise, which is bad for their health. As a result, the incidence of chronic diseases is increasing. Also, the importance of making accurate and appropriate inferences to individual characteristics is growing due to unnecessary information overload phenomenon. In this paper, we propose a knowledge reasoning model using association rules and cluster analysis of multi-contexts. The proposed method provides a personalized healthcare to users by generating association rules based on the clusters based on multi-context information. This can reduce the incidence of each disease by inferring the risk for each disease. In addition, the model proposed by the performance assessment shows that the F-measure value is 0.027 higher than the comparison model, and is highly regarded than the comparison model.

이 연구는 학문 목적 한국어 쓰기 교육의 연구 경향을 분석하여 그 결과를 제시하고 이를 바탕으로 하여 앞으로의 연구에 시사점을 제안하는 데 목적이 있다. 한국어교육에 학문 목적 한국어교육 개념이 도입된 이후 현재까지 학문 목적 한국어교육 연구는 지속적으로 증가해 왔을 뿐만 아니라 그 범위도 넓어졌다. 이 중에서도 쓰기 교육 연구가 특히 활발히 이루어졌다. 이는 학습자의 요구가 특히 높은 영역이기도 하거니와 학문 목적의 쓰기가 보이는 일반 목적의 쓰기와 다른 특징들 때문이다. 주제별로 연구 경향을 분석한 결과 교실에서 학습자들에게 쓰기를 어떻게 지도할 것인지에 대한 내용과 학습자들이 학문 목적의 쓰기를 어떻게 하고 있는지를 분석한 연구가 많았다. 한편 학문 목적의 한국어 학습자가 성공적으로 과제를 수행하기 위해 갖추어야 할 지식별로 연구 결과를 분석한 결과 학문 목적이라는 특수 상황의 맥락을 반영한 연구가 특히 많았다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 앞으로의 연구는 이와 같은 맥락 지식을 더욱 구체화하는 동시에 학문적 담화공동체가 요구하는 내용, 언어, 쓰기 처리 지식이 무엇인지를 찾고 이를 교육할 수 있는 방안을 제시할 수 있도록 방향을 맞추어야 할 것이다.

This study aims to analyze the current trends in researches which were published since the academic community has taken an interest in Korean writing education for academic purpose. Due to a growing num ber of students that are learning Korean language in order to pursue a bachelor’s or master’s degree, more spotlight has been on developing Korean academic writing education in order to meet their needs. It was necessary that contents and teaching method of such Korean education were tailored to meet the demands of Korean language learners. In particular, many researches were conducted on developing educa tion for Korean writing for academic purposes. Therefore, out of the 230 researches related to Korean language education for academic purpose, 83 that were specifically about Korean academic writing education were analyzed for the purpose of this study. Trend by year showed an increasing total number of researches. When categorized by subject, most of the researches focused on general education plan and revealed a further need for expanding the scope of such research. Furthermore, the study examined the progress of researches that were done on con tent knowledge, context knowledge, language system knowledge, and writing process knowledge, which are said to be crucial for students to have in order to improve their Korean academic writing skills. Based on the analysis, most of the researches were found to be about forming context knowledge with its focus on genre. This may be the result of noting the fact that most of the students will have to write on specific genre that is required based on their different educational contexts and situations. However, building content knowledge and applying it in academic writing is equally as important as understanding the characteristics of genre. Specifically, there seems to be a need to conduct a research on students’ cross-textual knowledge and development and application of their integrated knowledge. Based on the analysis of existing researches on Korean academic writing education, it was confirmed that there needs to be further studies on designing and developing specific contents and methodology for Korean writing education for academic purpose.

본 연구는 세 명의 미국 초등학교 선생님들이 문화와 언어가 다른 도심지 저소득층 학생들을위한 과학 수업 구성함에 있어서 어떻게 여러 가지 상황에 대한 지식이 영향을 미치는지에 대한사례연구이다. 도심지 저소득 학생들을 위한 각 교사의 세부적인 교육적 결정과 여러 가지 당면한 상황 간에 역동적인 상호작용을 이해하기 위해 “상황에 대한 교사지식”에 관한 이론적 분류틀이 제안되었다. 본 연구의 방법은 다중 사례연구로 각 교사에 대한 연구가 독립적인 사례로 제시되었다(Merriam, 2001). 교실 관찰 기록과 인터뷰 전사 자료가 주요 연구 데이터로 사용되었으며해석학적 질적 분석 방법을 통해 분석되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 교사들이 가지는 학생들의 과학용어 이해의 부족과 같은 학생 상황에 대한 이해와 국어가 강조되는 학교 교육과정과 같은 외부상황에 대한 이해가 비슷할지라도 각 교사의 실제적인 수업에는 큰 차이가 있음을 보여 준다. 특히 각 교사의 내부적 상황 지식(knowledge of internal context)이 각 교사가 교수법적 결정과 실제에 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 보여준다. 본 연구결과는 교사가 문화 반영적 과학 교수법(culturally relevant science teaching practices)에 대한 이해 부족의 문제점을 보여준다. 마지막으로 연구 결과에 근거하여 도심지 빈민 다문화 학생을 위한 초등과학교육에 대한 제언을 기술하였다.

This study examines how three urban elementary teachers’ knowledge of differentcontexts shapes their science teaching of urban students from culturally and linguisticallydiverse backgrounds. A framework that categorizes teacher knowledge of context wasdeveloped to better understand the dynamic interplay between the teachers’ understandingof different contexts and their specific pedagogical decisions for urban students. This studyemploys multiple case studies in which each teacher presents a single case (Merriam,2001). Classroom observation data and interview transcripts were used as main datasources and analyzed through an interpretive and qualitative analysis method. The resultsshow that each teacher’s teaching practice looks different, even if they shared similarunderstandings of student context and external contexts, such as students’ lack of sciencelanguage skills and literacy focused school curriculum. Each teacher’s knowledge of internalcontext played a critical role in determining the specific pedagogical approaches andpractices in urban science classrooms. Challenges associated with the teachers’ lack ofculturally relevant science teaching practices and the implications on urban elementaryteacher education were also addressed

We propose architecture for multi-agent systems to retrieve and classify features extracted from images and videos of smart cameras. To enable cooperative inference between agents on cameras, structured representation of agents’ knowledge and abilities is required in the form of ontologies. Recognized features if properly structured and annotated, can be a useful source of information for context aware surveillance. This work builds a hierarchical inference data deployment structure and import related and required data to annotate rich data arriving from multiple sensor streams, in this case smart cameras. The annotation provides an impetus to the improvement of knowledge over time. Proactive deployment provides the main concepts and properties to model a hierarchical area ontology structure which can span a university campus or a city. We also define management policies to compare their performance for the wide area surveillance specifically.

본 연구는 제한된 컴퓨팅 자원을 가진 SLM(Small Language Model) 환경에서 장기 문맥을 효율적으로 관리하기 위한 D-KARE(Domain-Knowledge Aware REtention) 기법을 제안한다. 기존의 장기 문맥 관리 기법들은 통계적 중요도에 의존하여 빈도는 낮지만 도메인 특성상 필수적인 정보를 소실하거나, 복잡한 구현 및 연산 비용으로 인해 저사양 환경 적용에 한계가 존재한다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 D-KARE는 도메인 지식 사전(Knowledge Dictionary)과 의미적 유사도를 결합하여 핵심 정보를 선별적으로 보존함으로써 이러한 문제를 해결한다. 또한, RAG(Retrieval-Augmented Generation)를 활용하여 답변의 질을 보완한다. 스킨케어 상담 데이터셋을 활용하여 검증한 결과, 제안 모델은 Baseline(20%) 대비 4배 높은 정확도(80%)를 달성하였으며, VRAM 사용량을 약 18.5% 절감하여 온디바이스 환경에서의 유효성을 증명하였다.

This study proposes D-KARE (Domain-Knowledge Aware REtention), a method for efficiently managing long contexts in Small Language Model (SLM) environments with limited computing resources. Existing long context management techniques typically rely on statistical importance, which often leads to the loss of low-frequency but domain-critical information. Furthermore, their high implementation complexity and computational costs present significant limitations for deployment in low-resource environments. To address these issues, D-KARE selectively preserves key information by combining a domain knowledge dictionary with semantic similarity. Additionally, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is integrated to enhance the quality of responses that context retention alone may not fully support. Experimental results using a skincare consultation dataset demonstrate that the proposed model achieves an accuracy of 80%, which is four times higher than the baseline, while reducing VRAM usage by approximately 18.5%.

To facilitate the implementation of a wide variety of context-aware applications based on mobile devices, general-purpose context-aware framework that applications can use by calling is needed. The context-aware framework is a middleware that performs the sensing, reasoning, and retrieving based on the knowledge base. The knowledge base must systematically represent the information required on the behavior of the context-aware framework, such as context information and reasoning information. It must also provide functions for storage and retrieval. To date, previous research on the representation of the context information have been carried out, but studies on the unified representation of the knowledge base has seen little progress. This study defines the knowledge base as the unified context information, and proposes the UniOWL, which can do a good job of representing it. UniOWL is based on OWL and represents the information that is necessary for the operation of the context-aware framework. Therefore, UniOWL greatly facilitates the implementation of the knowledge base on a context-aware framework.

Fuzzy Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is a mathematical tool for the effective representation of imprecise and vague knowledge. However, with a large number of formal concepts from a fuzzy context, the task of knowledge representation becomes complex. Hence, knowledge reduction is an important issue in FCA with a fuzzy setting. The purpose of this current study is to address this issue by proposing a method that computes the corresponding crisp order for the fuzzy relation in a given fuzzy formal context. The obtained formal context using the proposed method provides a fewer number of concepts when compared to original fuzzy context. The resultant lattice structure is a reduced form of its corresponding fuzzy concept lattice and preserves the specialized and generalized concepts, as well as stability. This study also shows a step-by-step demonstration of the proposed method and its application.

Knowledge-sharing behaviour is critical to organisational learning and innovation, yet it does not occur automatically. This study examined how team-level contextual perceptions are associated with employees’ knowledge-sharing behaviour through employee creativity as a capability that supports knowledge translation. Specifically, we proposed that team-level perceived power distance and perceived environmental uncertainty are indirectly associated with individual knowledge- sharing behaviour through employees’ creative capacity to generate, reframe and articulate useful work-related ideas. Using employee survey data from 514 employees nested within 67 manufacturing teams in eastern China, supplemented by supervisor-provided team and firm background information, we found that perceived power distance was negatively associated with employee creativity, whereas perceived environmental uncertainty was positively associated with creativity. Employee creativity was positively associated with knowledge-sharing behaviour and mediated the associations between both team-level contextual perceptions and knowledge-sharing behaviour. The findings contribute to knowledge management research by showing that team context matters for knowledge-sharing behaviour not only through structural and relational conditions but also through employees’ creative capacity to generate and articulate ideas that may become useful and shareable knowledge.

In context awareness and user intention tasks, dataset construction is expensive because specific domain data are required. Although pretraining with a large corpus can effectively resolve the issue of lack of data, it ignores domain knowledge. Herein, we concentrate on data domain knowledge while addressing data scarcity and accordingly propose a multi-channel long short-term memory (LSTM). Because multi-channel LSTM integrates pretrained vectors such as task and general knowledge, it effectively prevents catastrophic forgetting between vectors of task and general knowledge to represent the context as a set of features. To evaluate the proposed model with reference to the baseline model, which is a single-channel LSTM, we performed two tasks: voice phishing with context awareness and movie review sentiment classification. The results verified that multi-channel LSTM outperforms single-channel LSTM in both tasks. We further experimented on different multi-channel LSTMs depending on the domain and data size of general knowledge in the model and confirmed that the effect of multi-channel LSTM integrating the two types of knowledge from downstream task data and raw data to overcome the lack of data.