Earticle

This study analyzed fall accidents involving boatswain’s chairs over the past ten years to investigate their underlying causes and effective preventive measures. The fall accidents in this study were classified according to construction type, work category, and sequence of work. Next, their direct causes were identified by applying the concept of serious injury factor. A focus group interview was conducted with six experts in boatswain’s chair-type scaffolding to derive preventive measures. The results of the investigation indicate that the majority of accidents occurred in maintenance works among construction types, and painting, caulking, and cleaning tasks among work categories. In terms of work sequence, most fall accents occurred while working with descending due to rope defects (loosening, breakage, or insufficient length) and anchorage failures. Based on these findings, two key preventive measures were proposed: (1) installing lifelines as a fail-safe measure to provide safety redundancy, and (2) implementing inherent safety measures to prevent rope defects and failures such as regular inspections, use of high-performance ropes, and ensuring proper anchorage strength. The findings of this study can be utilized in development of effective safety guidelines and policies for boatswain’s chair operations.

According to the statistics of occupational accidents in 2009, the scaffolds and work platforms were main objects causing fall accidents in construction sites. But many workers install and use the work platforms on the mobile scaffolding without considering about safety standards. We had conducted a nationwide survey about how workers obey safety standards for the work platforms of the mobile scaffolding. As the result of a survey, no one follow a gap standard between materials of work platforms and installation of toe board. And it is a low proportion that comply with the install of safety guard rails and the use of stoppers. This is lack of consciousness for the safety certification and regulations. For safe use a mobile scaffolding, It is needed to educate a manager on the safety standards and to develop a product to install and dismantle easily.

In platform work environments, algorithmic dispatch systems function as a central mechanism for both efficiency and control. However, prior research has primarily focused on the technical features of algorithms or workers' static perceptions, lacking empirical analysis of how platform workers' responses evolve over time. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how delivery riders' perceptions and reactions to algorithmic dispatch evolve. A mixed-methods approach was employed in this study: grounded theory analysis of interviews revealed three core themes, including AI dispatch and operational systems, delivery income and work intensity, and rider skills and work practices. These qualitative insights provided a deeper understanding of riders' experience-based strategies and the factors influencing their algorithmic dependence. OLS regression using three waves of survey data identified key factors influencing algorithmic dependence. Results show that algorithmic dependence significantly decreases as operational load increases and over time. In particular, the study found that riders with higher operational load demonstrate a preference for autonomous decision-making over algorithmic control. Additionally, over the three survey waves, riders' reliance on algorithmic dispatch diminished as they became more familiar with the system. These findings highlight that acceptance of algorithmic control is not static but dynamic and adaptive. This study deepens the understanding of algorithm-user interaction and offers meaningful implications for platform algorithm design and labor policy, suggesting ways to enhance user engagement and mitigate resistance.

본 연구에서는 토픽 모델링과 주제어 네트워크 분석 방법을 활용하여 국내 플랫폼노동에 관한 학술논문 288편을 분석하였다. 다양한 학문 분야의 플랫폼노동에 관한 연구 동향을 양적, 질적 두 가지 방법을 혼합 활용하여 분석 방법의 한계를 보완하고, 연구의 근간이 되는 주요 이론을 도출하여 종합정리함으로 플랫폼노동에 관한 양면성을 고찰하였다. 학문 분야별로는 법학, 경영학, 경제학 순으로 연구가 많이 진행되었고, 플랫폼노동 보호방안, 공유경제의 직·간접적 영향에 관한 주제 연구가 다수 이루어졌다. 핵심 주제어로는 기반이 되는 인프라, 구조적인 변화를 촉진하는 두 가지 측면에서 디지털, 가치, 산업, 노동을 선정하였다. 주요 토픽은 플랫폼 노동자 보호, 공유 서비스 가치, 디지털 패러다임, 공유경제 모델, 플랫폼 규제가 도출되었다. 분석 결과를 토대로, 거시적인 맥락에서의 구조적인 분석 프레임 완성과 플랫폼노동의 다양한 유형을 포함한 사례 분석과 기술 보완의 일반화, 지속성과 공유경제의 본질적인 공생 가치 실현을 위한 개인 수준의 역량 개발 탐구, 맞춤형 직업교육훈련 프로그램 설계를 제언하였다.

We analyzed research trends of 288 Korean academic dissertations and articles regarding platform work, using topic modeling and keyword network analysis method. Research disciplines of many studies were laws, business administration, and economics fields. Thigh frequent themes were platform labor protection measures and direct or indirect effects of the sharing economy. The main keywords were digital, value, industry, and labor in terms of infrastructure and structural change. Besides, the main topics were the protection of platform workers, the values of sharing services, digital paradigm, and platform regulations. Based on the results of the analysis, we derived four implications and suggestions such as researching structural frames in macroscopic contexts, generalizing case analysis, and technology supplementation by applying average and quantitative analysis methods, researching individual competency development to realize the essential symbiotic value of sustainability, and developing customized vocational education and training programs.

공유 저작물 플랫폼은 공유 저작물 활성화를 위해 만들어 졌다. 이용 허락 절차를 간소화 하고 저작자 스스로 이용 범위를 표기해 배포함으로써 저작물 이용을 활성화 한다. 본 연구는 한국 공유저작물 플랫폼의 인터페이스 유형 및 특성을 분석하기 위해 다섯 개의 인터페이스 영역과 열다섯 개의 평가 항목을 선정하였으며, 국가 운영 플랫폼을 중심으로 분석하였다. 국가 운영 공공저작물 플랫폼인 공유마당, 공공누리와 민간 주도인 유로피아나의 웹 인터페이스 유형 및 특성을 분석함으로서 한국 공유저작물 웹 인터페이스의 상황을 비교 분석하고 개선 방안을 제언하고자 한다.

A shared work platform is needed to legitimately activate shared works. To facilitate the use of copyrighted works by streamlining licensing procedures and by expressing and distributing the scope of use by authors themselves. In this study, five interface areas and fifteen evaluation items were selected to analyze the interface types and characteristics of the Korean shared work platform, and analyzed based on the national operating platform. We will analyze and compare the situation of the web interface of the Korean shared works by analyzing the types and characteristics of the web interface of the public opera platform, the Gongu-madang, Gonggong-nuri and private leader, Europeana.

플랫폼 노동이라는 형태의 작업에서 디지털 인프라는 특정 서비스의 수요와 공급 간의 매칭을 용이하게 하고 알고리즘 관리, 고객 리뷰, 내부 평가, 인센티 브 및 자동화된 의사 결정 시스템을 활용하여 성과를 구성한다. 디지털 전환이 제기하는 다양한 도전 과제는 (i) 근로자의 법적 지위를 정의하는 전통적인 방법 의 적합성, (ii) 노동 규정의 적용 범위가 좁다는 주장, (iii) 기존의 노동 및 사회 보장 패러다임이 노동시장의 변화에 적응할 수 있는지와 같은 중요한 문제에 대 한 격렬한 논쟁도 재점화되고 있다. 2021년, 유럽연합 집행위원회(European Comission)는 최근 유럽의회에서 채택 된 플랫폼 작업에서의 근로 조건 개선에 관한 지침을 위한 이니셔티브를 출범시 켰다. 그리고 2024. 10. 14. 유럽연합이사회(Council of the EU)는 ｢플랫폼 노동 의 노동조건 개선에 관한 지침｣ 을 최종적으로 채택하였다. 지침의 목적은 첫째, 플랫폼작업을 수행하는 사람에 대한 정확한 고용상의 지 위 판단 조치 도입, 둘째, 플랫폼 작업에서 알고리즘 관리의 공정성, 투명성, 안 전 및 책임성 촉진보장, 셋째, 플랫폼노동의 투명성의 개선이다. 이번 지침이 회원국들에게 플랫폼 노동자의 고용상 지위를 결정하는 방법을 제공함으로써 고용관계의 법적 추정이 플랫폼 노동자의 근로조건에 긍정적인 영 향을 미칠 것이라는 점은 부인할 수 없다. 그러나 지침 제5조는 고용관계 추정 의 핵심적 공통 기준이 없는 법률상 추정조항으로 여전히 근로자 추정은 회원국 의 광범위한 입법 재량으로 국내 입법에 입법에 맡길 수밖에 없다. 이것이 현재 유럽연합의 법률 상황의 한계를 여실히 보여주고 있는 것이다. 노동 플랫폼이라는 새로운 현상은 전통적인 노동법의 범주를 사용하여 파악하 기 어렵다. 플랫폼의 역동적인 경제 발전과 우회 전략을 고려할 때, 노동자의 개념을 확장하기 위한 사법 및 법적 이니셔티브는 종종 한계에 도달한다. 따라서 “보편적인 접근을 추구하고 고용상 지위에 관계없이 플랫폼 종사자의 권리를 확 립하는 규제 조치가 추진되어야 한다. 아울러 노동조건을 개선하겠다는 플랫폼 의 약속에 초점을 맞추고 지원해야 한다. 자율규제적 접근은 대중의 압력과 (초) 국가적 조치가 동반된다면 플랫폼에서의 불공정한 노동 조건을 극복하는 데도 기여할 수 있다”는 것이 지침이 내포하고 있는 유럽연합의 인식이라 할 것이다. 우리나라도 최근 플랫폼 종사자를 법적 지원 내지 보호대상으로 규율하기 위 한 노동약자지원법이나 노무제공자법 등이 논의되고 있다. 플랫폼 작업에 종사 하는 자의 법적 지위에 관계없이 플랫폼 작업에 종사하는 사람들의 권리를 명시 한 유럽연합의 이번 지침은 입법을 고려할 때 당연히 참고할 만한 가치가 있다.

In this form of work, known as platform labor, digital infrastructure facilitates the matching of supply and demand for specific services and organizes performance through the use of algorithmic management, customer reviews, internal ratings, incentives, and automated decision-making systems. The various challenges posed by the digital transformation have reignited heated debates on important issues such as (i) the suitability of traditional methods of defining the legal status of workers, (ii) the allegedly narrow scope of labor regulations, and (iii) whether the existing labor and social security paradigm can adapt to changes in the labor market. In 2021, the European Commission launched an initiative for a Directive on improving working conditions in platform work, which was recently adopted by the European Parliament. And on October 14, 2024, the Council of the EU finally adopted the “Directive on improving working conditions in platform work”. The objectives of the Directive are: first, to introduce measures to accurately determine the employment status of persons performing platform work; second, to promote fairness, transparency, safety and accountability of algorithmic management in platform work; and third, to improve transparency of platform labor. By providing guidance to Member States on how to determine the employment status of platform workers, it is undeniable that the legal presumption of an employment relationship will have a positive impact on the working conditions of platform workers. However, it also highlights the limitations of the current legal situation in the EU, where the legal presumption of employment is still left to national legislation, as there are no core common criteria for the presumption of employment. The new phenomenon of labor platforms is difficult to capture using traditional labor law categories. Given the dynamic economic development and circumvention strategies of platforms, judicial and legal initiatives to expand the concept of worker often reach their limits. Therefore, regulatory measures should be promoted that seek “universal access and establish the rights of platform workers regardless of their employment status. They should also focus on and support platforms' commitments to improve labor conditions. Self-regulatory approaches can also contribute to overcoming unfair working conditions on platforms if accompanied by public pressure and (supra-)national action,” the EU's directive recognizes. In Korea, there have been recent discussions on the Labor Vulnerable Support Act and the Labor Provider Act to provide legal support and protection to platform workers. The Directive, which specifies the rights of those engaged in platform work regardless of their legal status, is certainly worth referring to when making legislation.

이 글은 플랫폼 경제에서의 양질의 노동에 관한 국제노동기구(ILO)의 기준설정 논의를 검토하고, 2026년 협약 및 권고 채택을 둘러싼 배경과 주요 쟁점을 분석한다. 이를 위해 2021년 이사회 결정 이후 전문가회의, 규범 공백 분석, 2024년 보고서와 설문서, 2025년 보고서의 협약･권고 제안문, 기준설정위원회의 협약･권고 결의초안, 그리고 이후 제시된 협약･권고 초안에 이르는 경과를 체계적으로 정리한다. 이어 2024년 보고서의 설문서 구조와 내용을 검토함으로써 플랫폼 노동 관련 국제규범 형성 과정에서 핵심 쟁점이 어떻게 도출되고 구체화되었는지를 밝힌다. 특히 디지털 노동 플랫폼과 플랫폼 노동자의 정의, 노동의 조직과 촉진을 둘러싼 개념 선택, 노동의 기본 원리와 권리, 산업안전보건과 폭력･괴롭힘, 고용관계 분류, 보수 및 노동시간 개념 등 주요 쟁점을 중심으로 협약･권고 제안문, 결의초안 및 협약･권고 초안의 문언을 비교･분석한다. 이를 통해 플랫폼 노동을 ‘노동’으로 파악할 것인지 ‘서비스 제공’으로 볼 것인지, 플랫폼을 노동을 조직하는 주체로 볼 것인지 단순히 촉진하는 중개자로 볼 것인지라는 규범적 선택이 국제노동기준 형성의 핵심 쟁점임을 드러낸다. 나아가 이러한 논의가 한국의 취업형태 다변화와 노동법･사회보장법의 대응, 특히 ‘일하는 사람 법’ 논의에 주는 함의를 검토한다. 이 글은 ILO 플랫폼 노동 협약･권고 논의가 기존의 근로자 개념을 전제로 한 노동법 체계를 재검토하게 하는 중요한 계기를 제공한다고 평가한다.

This article examines the International Labour Organization's (ILO) standard-setting discussions on decent work in the platform economy and analyzes the background and key issues surrounding the adoption of a Convention and Recommendation in 2026. To this end, it systematically traces the process from the Governing Body's decision in 2021 through the tripartite meeting of experts, the normative gap analysis, the 2024 report and questionnaire, the proposed Conclusions for a Convention and Recommendation in the 2025 report, the resolution and Conclusions adopted by the Standard-Setting Committee, and the subsequent draft Convention and Recommendation. It then reviews the structure and content of the questionnaire in the 2024 report, elucidating how core issues in the formation of international norms on platform work were identified and refined. In particular, the article undertakes a comparative analysis of the textual evolution across the proposed Conclusions, the adopted Conclusions, and the draft Convention and Recommendation, focusing on key issues including the definitions of digital labour platforms and digital platform workers, the conceptual choice between “organizing” and “facilitating” work, fundamental principles and rights at work, occupational safety and health and violence and harassment, the classification of the employment relationship, and the concepts of remuneration and working time. Through this analysis, the article reveals that the central contestation in the formation of international labour standards lies in the normative choices of whether to characterize platform work as “work” or as “the provision of a service,” and whether to regard platforms as entities that organize work or merely as intermediaries that facilitate it. Furthermore, the article examines the implications of these discussions for Korea's response to the diversification of employment arrangements and the corresponding challenges in labour and social security law, particularly the ongoing debate on the proposed “Framework Act on the Rights of Working People.” The article concludes that the ILO's discussions on a platform work Convention and Recommendation provide a significant impetus for re-examining the labour law framework that has been premised on the conventional concept of the employee.

현재 전 세계의 제조업 환경은 장기적인 성장 둔화와 고객의 다양한 요구사항, 노동 및 에너지 등의 비용 상승, 그리고 미래의 불확실성(uncertainty) 증가 등 다양한 문제에 직면해 있다. 최근 우리나라는 4차 산업혁명 시대를 맞이하여, 정부 주도의 제조 현장 경쟁력 제고와 산업계의 다양한 시대적 요구를 반영하기 위해 여러 제조환경에 적합한 형태의 스마트공장 도입에 대한 지원 사업을 지속적으로 추진하고 있다. 주로 제조운영에 대한 정보화 기반과 IoT 센서의 적용, 그리고 공정 시뮬레이션 등 하드 웨어와 소프트웨어 등의 ICT 기술을 통해 작업장의 디지털화 전환(digital transformation)이 진행되고 있고, 작업환경 또한 변 하고 있다. 하지만, 이를 설계하고 활용하는 작업자의 SHE(safety health environment)는 상대적으로 관심이 적은 편이다. 본 연구에서는 향후 고려되어야 할 작업자의 SHE에서, 기존의 작업환경에서의 유해성 평가를 기반으로, 미래의 스마트공장에서 의 변화된 위험환경 모델링을 통해 예측 가능한 시스템을 연구하고자 한다. 이는 향후 안전보건의 정량적인 평가의 기반이 될 것이며, 미래 작업자의 안전을 보장하고, 스마트 공장에서의 SHE의 표준화를 마련하는데 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

Aerial work platforms are employed to enable efficient operations at elevated positions and confined spaces such as utility poles at various construction and civil engineering sites. As these platforms are mostly operated at positions higher than 10 m, it is essential to verify the structural stability for both the vehicle and the boom. This study investigates structural and mechanical characteristics of an aerial work platform boom under varying wind speeds through numerical analysis. The results indicate that increasing air flow leads to non-uniform pressure distributions around the boom surfaces with external load up to 172.9 Pa at joint part of high structural evaluation. Especially stress concentration was found at the joint between the 3rd and 4th booms, These findings demonstrate that aerodynamic loads induced by increasing wind speed contribute to boom deformation and stress distributions, and they provide a fundamental reference for stability verification with design optimization of the aerial work platforms.

The domestic 1-ton truck market in Korea is rapidly shifting from diesel vehicles to LPG and electrified vehicles. However, hydraulic special-purpose vehicles, such as aerial work platforms, still require a reliable power take-off system to drive hydraulic equipment. In particular, conventional transmission-mounted PTO systems are difficult to apply to 1-ton LPG automatic-transmission trucks, despite the high market demand for automatic-transmission vehicles. In this study, a PTO system was developed for an aerial work platform based on a 1-ton LPG automatic-transmission truck. The developed system indirectly extracts engine power and transmits it to a hydraulic pump through a magnetic clutch. The hydraulic system was designed based on a flow rate of 20 L/min and a maximum pressure of 200 bar. The generated hydraulic power and required transmission torque were calculated using measured flow rate, pressure, and engine speed. The calculated pump input torque was confirmed to be within the allowable torque capacity of the 15 kgf·m magnetic clutch. The developed PTO-driven hydraulic system was applied to an actual aerial work platform, and the main working motions were confirmed to operate normally.

Aerial work platforms (AWPs) are specialized vehicles designed for tasks at elevated heights, and are widely used in various environments such as construction sites, road maintenance, and high-altitude operations. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was conducted to investigate the airflow field, drag force, and torque characteristics around an AWP. The simulation results showed that the overall airflow velocity decreased as it passed over the vehicle and boom, while it increased locally between the vehicle and the boom, and beneath the work platform. The drag force and torque acting on each component were highly sensitive to changes in boom angle due to variations in airflow. As the boom angle increased, the drag force increased by approximately 20 times, and the torque by up to 108 times. These findings provide fundamental data for establishing design criteria to enhance the structural stability and aerodynamic performance of aerial work platforms.

Aerial work platform truck is used in various ways depending on the surrounding environment, of city roads, farming areas, and industrial sites. Air flow, drag force and torque in surroundig the flow field of AWP have been analyzed with CFD method. The overall air flow rate decreases as the AWP passes and increases between the vehicle and the boom, at the boom connections, and at the bottom of the work platform. The drag force and torque on the boom, workspace, and the combined boom and workspace are largely affected by air flow velocity. The boom's drag and torque are approximately 2.2 and 1.3 times greater than those of the work platform, respectively. These predicted results can be widely applied as basic conceptual design data for highly efficient aerial work platform truck.

Since electric energy is used in industry, mass production and various conveniences are provided. To provide convenience for the construction and operation of such electric energy transmission and distribution facilities, it is increasing that the demand for special purpose vehicles, that is, telescopic aerial work platform vehicles. When working active electric work using the telescopic aerial work platform vehicles, due to active electric work is inevitable, it is essential to ensure insulation performance for the safety of the operator. In this paper, we study the design and development of mechanical properties for filament winding process of glassfiber/epoxy composite, it is required to boom of telescopic aerial work platform vehicles. The glass fiber/epoxy composite filament winding process and its mechanical properties were evaluated to replace the existing ATOS80 boom. By filament winding process it was obtained the mechanical properties required for the design analysis of the glass fiber/epoxy composite boom. Using this, the insulated boom for the 30m class aerial work vehicle was designed and was manufactured by applying the filament winding process. The fabricated composite boom was evaluated by the static strength test to meet the required strength. The maximum displacement was 84mm and the crack occurred at the maximum load of 8981N. It satisfied the maximum lifting load of 4900N and 210mm the maximum displacement required for the boom.

국내 플랫폼노동자 수는 코로나19 기간 동안 급격히 증가하여 2022년에 292만 명으로 추산된다. 플랫폼노동은 유연성과 더 나은 소득 창출의 기회를 제공한다는 장점도 있지만 직업 불안정성, 예측할 수 없는 업무 일정, 저임금, 열악한 작업 조건 등 작업 환경의 질 저하를 가져왔다는비판을 받아왔다. 실제로 플랫폼 배달․운송 노동자는 압도적인 작업량, 근무시간에 비해 과도한 업무, 동시에 처리해야 하는 과다한 업무량 등 직무압박의 강도가 상대적으로 높은데, 이는일과 삶의 균형을 방해하고, 궁극적으로 플랫폼노동자의 우울로 이어질 수 있다는 점에서 주목할 만한 주제이다. 이에 본 연구는 플랫폼 배달․운송노동자 587명을 대상으로 이들의 특징과직무압박과 우울의 관계 및 두 변수 간의 관계에서 일과 삶의 균형의 매개효과를 살펴보고 플랫폼노동자의 노동특성으로부터 야기되는 정신건강 문제 개입 근거를 탐색하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 제언으로서 지역사회 정신건강 프로그램, 플랫폼 이동 노동자 지원센터 확충, 가족 동반휴식을 제안하였다.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of platform workers in South Korea increased significantly, reaching an estimated 2.92 million in 2022. Platform work offers advantages like flexibility and enhanced income opportunities, but it has faced criticism due to job instability, unpredictable schedules, low wages, and poor working conditions. Platform delivery and transportation workers, in particular, experience high levels of job pressure, including heavy workloads, long working hours, and handling multiple tasks simultaneously. This can disrupt platform worker’s work-life balance and lead to depression. This study focused on 587 platform delivery and transportation workers. It examined the relationship between job pressure and depression and how work-life balance might mediate this connection. In response to these concerns, the study suggested the implementation of community mental health programs, the expansion of support centers tailored to platform workers, and the establishment of family-inclusive periods of rest. These interventions were proposed as potential ways to address the mental health issues faced by individuals engaged in platform work.

This study examines the dynamic characteristics of an articulated aerial work platform. The platform performs articulated joint motions and telescopic boom extension to access both upper-side and under-structure work areas. The boom system includes two articulated joints with slewing rotation, and the tip section is a multi-stage telescopic boom. Component-level dynamics of three telescopic boom components made of Strenx 960 were compared with the system-level dynamics of the fully assembled vehicle. Natural frequencies and mode shapes up to the second mode were obtained through experimental modal analysis based on frequency response functions (FRFs). For the assembled vehicle, tri-axial acceleration responses were transformed into the frequency domain using FFT, and dominant natural frequencies were identified from the spectra. The results show a clear separation between the two levels. The component-level dynamics appeared in the tens-of-hertz range. In contrast, the dominant system-level natural frequencies were observed in the low-frequency range (near 1 Hz). These findings indicate that the assembled system exhibits dominant dynamics distinct from those of individual boom components. They also highlight the need for system-level considerations when interpreting dynamic performance under practical operating conditions.

The purpose of this study is to examine whether the work equipment of a 1-ton LPG truck-based aerial work platform can be electrified while keeping the added weight minimal under the chassis permissible gross weight. To this end, an electro-hydraulic system powered by two on-board 12 V lead-acid batteries in parallel was built, and repeated motion tests on the vehicle were used to examine its applicability and to compare the electrical and hydraulic characteristics of representative motions. The system consists of a stand-alone hydraulic pack in which a brushed DC series-wound motor drives a fixed-displacement gear pump directly and the delivery passes through a pressure-compensated directional valve to the boom actuators. Battery terminal voltage, battery output current and hydraulic pressure were sampled at 10 ms intervals. The six boom motions were repeated within a test set and three sets were carried out, giving 96 motions performed without interruption, with the platform unloaded and the engine idling so that charging proceeded in parallel. In every motion the sequence of electrical start-up, pressure build-up and steady operation was the same, and hydraulic pressure developed normally in all motions. The starting-current peak recurred at the same level irrespective of the motion, while the steady-state current stayed at a similar level within each motion. Applicability was confirmed, while the power capacity and the starting peak current remain to be resolved. Reducing them requires raising the system voltage, which must be weighed against the resulting loss of working height.