Earticle

‘디지털 트윈(Digital Twin)’은 4차산업혁명의 주요 기술들로 유통물류 산업에서 크게 각광받고 있는 기술이다. 현실에 적용하기 전에 가상 환경 공간에서 시뮬레이션을 통해 결과를 예측할 수 있기에 시간이나 비용적인 측면에서 큰 도움을 받을 수 있다. 하지만 디지털 트윈은 아직까지 획일화된 정립이나 사람마다의 기술의 이해도가 다소 부족한 부분이 있다. 이러한 디지털 트윈 기술의 이해와 활용도를 제고하고자 트렌드 분석 연구 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 본 연구는 디지털 트윈에 대한 대중들과 언론의 인식이 어떻게 변화하였는지를 파악하기 위하여, 시기별로 디지털 트윈에 대한 인식의 흐름을 뉴스 데이터를 기반으로 확인하고, 전처리 된 데이터를 시각화(Pandas, Tableau)하여 변화에 대한 데이터의 흐름을 파악하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 데이터를 분석하기 위해서 파이썬 라이브러리인 Selenium을 통해 웹 크롤링을 하여 데이터를 수집하였고, 수집된 데이터에 대한 칼럼의 프로세싱 과정 이후 불용어 처리를 위해 불용어 사전을 정의하고 정의된 불용어 사전을 통해 데이터 훈련할 때마다 생겨나는 불용어들을 사전에 저장하고 계속해서 데이터를 정제한다. 이후 머신러닝을 통해 분류 작업을 거쳐 결과물을 도출하고, 이후 파이썬 라이브러리인 Pandas와 시각화 전문 툴인 Tableau를 활용하여 시각화 및 통계 작업을 수행한다. 도출된 결과를 바탕으로 다각도의 디지털 트윈 연구 방향성을 대한 시사점을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구는 뉴스 데이터 웹 크롤링과 데이터 분석 및 불용어 전처리를 통하여 디지털 트윈 기술의 동향과 언론의 인식을 효과적으로 분석할 수 있다는데 학술적 의의가 있다.

본 논문은 한중교류 척독 자료의 시각화 방안을 제시하기 위한 연구이다. 조선시대 조선인과 중국인 사이의 척독 교환은 주로 연행(燕行)을 통해 이루어졌고, 후대 임오군란이 계기가 된 바 있다. 여기에서 교류척독은 편지글과 함께 서로에게 증여한 모든 형태의 문장과 창화시로 된 척독까지 포함된다. 척독을 이해하기 위해서는 기본적으로 편지라는 텍스트를 이해하는 데 요구되는 수신자, 발신자, 수발신자의 맥락, 수발신자가 공유한 코드에 관한 정보와 함께, 수집자에 의해 척독이 수집‧편집된 맥락에 관한 정보를 유기적으로 파악해야만 한다. 더욱이 한중 교류 척독은 두 나라 사이에 오고간 자료이기 때문에 척독 연구의 메커니즘을 한층 복잡하게 만든다. 이러한 척독의 특성을 고려하여 한중교류 척독 시각화는 크게 두 가지 맥락에서 구현될 수 있다. 첫 번째는 한중교류 척독 정보의 관계망을 시각화하는 것이다. 척독 정보 요소들 간의 관계를 명시적으로 확인할 수 있는 의미망을 시각적으로 구현함으로써 척독 정보에 관한 종합적인 이해가 가능할 것으로 기대된다. 두 번째는 한중 지식인의 교류 양상을 분석할 수 있는 데이터를 시각화하는 것이다. 인물 네트워크 데이터, 척독 교류의 공간 정보 데이터, 지식인의 문헌 교류 데이터 등을 시각적으로 구현함으로써 한중 지식인의 교류 분석을 위한 토대 자료가 마련될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This paper is a study to present measures on visualizing letters exchanged between Korea and China. Letters exchanged between Koreans in the Chosŏn period and Chinese were mostly done through emissaries to Beijing, and later the Imo Military Uprising of 1882. The letters exchanged include personal letters as well as those composed in various kinds of writing styles and poems. In order to fundamentally understand the text of letters, the sender, recipient, the context of the sender and recipient, the information on the code shared between them, and organically grasp the information related to the context of edited and compiled letters between the sender and recipient. Moreover, as the letters were exchanged between two countries, it adds another layer of complexity in the mechanism of studying these letters. In considering their characteristics, visualizing Korean-Chinese letter exchange can be done in two contexts. The first is visualizing the information network of Korean-Chinese exchanged letters. Visually realizing a semantic network can clearly identify elements of information between relationships of letters, making possible comprehensive understanding of information on these letters. The second is visualizing data that can be used to analyze the exchange between Korean and Chinese intellectuals. Visualizing personal network data, data on spatial information of exchanged letters, and data on the works exchanged by intellectuals will furnish a foundation for analyzing exchange between Korean and Chinese intellectuals.

이 글은 메를로-퐁티의 작업 노트 󰡔보이는 것과 보이지 않는 것󰡕의 단서들을 통해서 그의 문제 의식을 구체화시키는 두 번째 시도로 공간에 대한 시론이다. 지상의 사물들을 안고 있는 공간의 위상은 애매하다. 그것은 근대 과학을 통해서 존재하지 않으나 존재하는 것, 즉 빈 공간으로 재현되어 왔는데 현대 과학과 더불어 그러한 공간의 개념은 변모하기 시작했다. 메를로-퐁티의 󰡔지각의 현상학󰡕에서 공간은 이미 보이지 않는 것이 아니라 보이는 것으로 기술되기 시작하는데, 그러한 분석의 핵심에는 그의 유명한 신체-주체 개념이 있다. 과학적 반성의 한계와 더불어 공간 개념에 대한 수정이 불가피한데, 이 글은 그의 아이디어를 중심으로 르네상스기 인간의 발견이 원근법적 회화에서 구현된 공간의 발견과의 상관성을 추적한다. 이러한 예술적 발견이 과학자들에 의해 모방되면서 이른바 근대 과학의 공간이 이루어지는 과정을 다루는데, 특히 푸코가 󰡔말과 사물󰡕을 통해 말과 사물이 분리되었다고 말한 고전주의 시기는 비전을 잃고 말의 세계로 이행하게 된다. 이러한 근대적 소외과정은 빛을 기호화시키면서 빈 공간을 요청하게 되는 광학자들에 대한 비판적 분석을 통해서 기술된다. 근대를 지나온 현대인들에 향한 이 글의 문제의식은 이러한 상실에 올바른 애도의 태도를 촉구하는데 있는데, 프로이트가 암시한 바 있듯이, 애도의 문제는 애도하는 주체의 자기 정체성의 형성과도 연관을 가지기 때문이다. 유한한 인간 존재가 상실하고 애도하는 것은 불가피하다. 그러나 애도에 있어 죽은 자의 빈자리를 다른 것으로 메움으로써 죽음을 부정하는 소외적 방식은 상실을 반복할 뿐이다. 애도란 죽은 자를 떠나보내기를 거부하나 죽은 자를 자신 안에 심어놓음으로써 죽음을 끌어안고 그가 살아 돌아오기를 염원하는 것이다. 비전을 상실한 현대인들이 애도적 절망 속에서도 새롭게 뭔가를 볼 수 있다면, 메를로-퐁티가 말했듯이 아무 것도 보이지 않는 무의 공간성을 볼 수 있는 능력을 가질 수 있다면, 우리는 우리에게 맹목과 소외를 재촉하는 소위 과학적 인간상에서 거리두기하면서 새로운 인간성을 모색하는, 그러나 잃어버렸던 본래의 인간성을 되찾는 길을 발견할 수 있다.

This thesis is second essay to visualize 'the visible and the invisible' of Merleau-Ponty, that is about space. The status of the space is ambiguous, in which there is all kinds of the worldly things. The space which doesn't exist should exist, as it were empty space, which has been represented in the modern science, but in the contemporary physics it has changed. In Phénoménologie de la perception of Merleau-Ponty it got to be visible, not to be invisible, in the core of his book there was the concept of 'body-subject'. This essay is to chase the discovery of the space in the perspective pictures has the one of the human in Renaissance period. As the scientists had imitated the artist inventory, there had made the objective space, when they had lost the vision and entered the dimension of words. As of result they had made the light the sign, presupposed the empty space. This essay is to bring up to us, the blind people, the desirable manner when we face to lose something or experience the death as criticizing modern people. As Freud said, mourning is related to the subject. If we can see something new when we are in the despair, as Merleau-Ponty said that we can see the space of the nothing, we can find the new vision, that is new cogito, with which we can escape from the isolation of humanity, as resistant to the consuming scientific civilization, that is the artificial light that has bought about the drive of the death in the world.

Purpose: This study intended to propose an expert system for diagnosing fatty liver. Methods: 20 image samples taken from four ultrasonic equipments in Seoul·Incheon Medical Examination Center between Jan. 4, 2016 and Oct. 15, 2016, were selected as the objects of the study. For each image sample, the interested area of hepatic parenchyma in 2nd zone of right subcostal scans were measured three times. The regions of hepatic parenchyma and renal parenchyma in right subcostal longitudinal scanning were measured in the same way in which, the digitized RGB average image from B-mode through measuring with Caleb program algorithm was analyzed. Result: The analyzed result showed that in multiple logistic regression analysis(p<0.05), the average brightness ratio of hepatic and renal parenchyma’s echo was 4.25 times higher in mild, 6.05 times higher in moderate, and 7.67 times higher in severe degree than the one of normality. It indicates a meaningful value that shows more fatty liver results in greater gap between the brightness ratios of hepatic and renal parenchyma. Conclusions: Visual analogue fatty liver scale is expected to serve as a supplementary indicator to objectively diagnose fatty liver.

오늘날의 미디어는 전통 미디어와 네트워크 미디어가 고도로 융합되고, 서로 이익을 공유하고 있는 융합미디어 시대로 발전하였다. 전통문화 커뮤니케이션 채널의 증가 커뮤니케이션 방법 및 관객과의 상호 작용 방식의 변화가 촉진 된다. 본 연구는 중국의 우수한 전통문화 콘텐츠를 사례로 전통문화 보급의 어려움을 분석함과 동시에 융합미디어의 현 재 상황과 결합하여 무형적 전통문화를 시각적 디지털 콘텐츠로 재생산하는 방법에 대해 논의하고, 융합미디어를 활용해 서 대중적으로 널리 확대생산 되도록 하는 것이 목적이다. 전통문화 콘텐츠가 융합미디어의 다양한 디지털 플랫폼을 통 해 보급되면 시간과 공간의 제약없이 전 세계에 공급을 가능하게 한다. 본 연구는 전통문화 계승을 위한 발전방향을 제시함과 동시에 확장성에 대한 연구로 학술적 의의를 갖는다.

In the age of convergent media, traditional media and network media are highly integrated, and benefits are shared, which promotes the increase of traditional culture communication channels, the change of communication methods, and the change of the mode of interaction with audiences. This article analyzes the difficulties of traditional culture dissemination by enumerating some excellent cultural programs in China. At the same time, combined with the current situation of convergence media, it discusses how to transform invisible traditional culture into visual digital content, and make it widely disseminated by means of convergence media. It provides reference for the development of traditional culture, and has enlightening significance for creating high-quality cultural programs and spreading mainstream culture.

In this paper, to analyze the meaning of middle-aged men's economic activities, TEXTOM was used to analyze them. The data collection period is set from 2017 to 2019. Among the collected data, 100 refined words were converted into a matrix in which the degree of social connection was calculated, and the keyword network analysis was performed again with the NetDraw program. According to the study, middle-aged men put more meaning on their current work and family than their future retirement. Also, the related word commonly included in the top five for all three years was ‘work’. Related words commonly included in the top 10 were ‘old age’, ‘family’, and ‘work’, and in 2018 and 2019, ‘health’ was included in the top 10. As a result of this, the middle-aged men living in the modern age are the generation who keep their families through economic activities and are increasingly interested in health and prepare for retirement. Therefore, policy support for stable economic activities is needed to improve the quality of life for middle-aged men. It is necessary to extend the retirement age, expand jobs and provide effective vocational training so that it can handle its role as the head of a family. In addition, measures should be taken to reduce the wage gap between highly skilled and low-skilled workers.

효과적인 정보전달을 위해서는 정보의 시각화, 단순화, 간결화가 필수적이다. SNS 등에서 문자보다는 이모티콘으로 이미지화 되어 표현되고 있는 것처럼 대부분의 정보전달은 디지털시대의 뉴미디어 매체를 통하여 이미지로서 발전하고 있다. 본 연구의 목표는 일차적으로 연구자가 속한 대학의 '디자인과 창의적 발상' 수업을 통하여 정보의 시각화 유무에 따른 수용자의 태도에 대한 실험을 진행하고 상관관계를 알아보고자 하는데 있다. 연구 방법은 선행연구와 문헌 조사 이후 2019년도 D대학교 인문계열 1학년 대상의 수업에서 200여명의 학생을 대상으로 데이터를 수집하고 통계 분석하여 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 그 이후 문자정보의 시각화와 비시각화에 따른 인지욕구와 감정강도의 상관관계를 살펴보았다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 23.0 프로그램으로 분석하였고, 피험자의 성별분포와 정보의 시각화 여부 선호도를 확인하기 위하여 빈도분석을 실시하였다. 인지능력과 감정강도의 상관관계는, 신뢰도 부분에서 감정강도가 낮은 그룹은 비시각화 부분이 더 높은 지표를 나타내고, 감정강도가 높은 경우 시각화 유무에 따른 차이가 미미하게 나타나는 유의미한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 시각화와 인지욕구 차이의 상호작용 효과는 유의미하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이에 본 연구에서는 문자정보의 시각화와 비시각화를 인지욕구와 감정강도의 상관관계를 가지고 비교한 결과 유용성, 선호도에서는 시각화가, 신뢰도에서는 비시각화가 우위에 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 연구 결과의 공유를 통하여 논의를 촉진시키고 정보의 시각화에 대한 객관적이고 정량적인 자료가 뒷받침 된다면 디자인 사고교육에도 많은 도움이 될 것으로 생각한다.

Most information delivery is done by images rather than text information, through new media in this digital era. Instead of texts, the information is made in images of emoticons in social media environment. The primary purpose of this study is to conduct an experiment to identify the correlation regarding attitude of the receivers toward visualization in 'Design and Creative Thinking' class for other departments than Design department to which the researcher belongs. After the previous research and literature review, the data were collected and statistically analyzed for 200 students in the course of the first year of D University in Humanities. The data collected in this study were analyzed using the SPSS 23.0 program, and frequency analysis was conducted to confirm the gender distribution of the study subjects and the preference of visualization. As a result of experiments that analyzed the number of cases of acceptance of information according to the presence or absence of visualization by measuring cognitive ability and emotional strength, the application of visualization in accepting information is less reliable than non-visualized information acceptance, and non-visualized information is likely to be significantly more reliable, which was contrary to the hypothesis in which visualized information is more reliable, useful and preferred over non-visualized information. This study is therefore to design classes based on reliability of non-visualization as well as usefulness and preference of utilizing visualized images to recognize the significance and value of visualization of information in design thinking education.

An important design principle for object oriented systems is to keep classes loosely coupled. Software developers should be aware of the current status of coupling between classes in order to keep control on the quality of the design. This paper presents a framework to automatically measure and visualize class coupling for object oriented projects to help developers to monitor couplings. The coupling is automatically calculated for a class by parsing its source code and counting the number of uses of other classes. The framework provides developers with options to select any package in a project to visualize coupling of its classes. The results help software developers in observing the degree of class coupling in different packages. Moreover, the generated views are useful in enabling developers to understand and compare class coupling. The proposed technique extracts classes of software projects and then generates a coupling report status for each class.

Metabolomics allows comprehensive phenotyping of environmentally modified plant systems. Thus, the metabolomics is an approach for measuring time-related biochemical responses and reactions. A timecourse metabolome analysis was conducted to elucidate the metabolic modulation in a response of plant cells to salt stress. Data mining results suggest that the methylation cycle for the supply of methyl groups, the phenylpropanoid pathway for lignin production, and glycinebetaine biosynthesis are synergetically induced as a short-term response against salt-stress treatment. Metabolomics is emerging as a powerful tool not only for research of system biology but also for substantial equivalence study of genetically modified (GM) crop. GM Chinese cabbage containing the bar gene and 24 non-GM Chinese cabbage varieties were analyzed to evaluate the undesirable changes of the GM crops using metabolic fingerprinting and profiling. The metabolome database was analyzed with PCA. The results clearly demonstrate that the time of sampling affects the metabolome and the metabolic fingerprints show a similar range of natural variability for the GM Chinese cabbage.

Purpose: Endoscopic diagnosis of gastric cancer (GC) that emerges after eradication of Helicobacter pylori may be affected by unique morphological changes. Using comprehensive endoscopic imaging, which can reveal biological alterations in gastric mucosa after eradication, previous studies demonstrated that Congo red chromoendoscopy (CRE) might clearly show an acid non-secretory area (ANA) with malignant potential, while autofluorescence imaging (AFI) without drug injection or dyeing may achieve early detection or prediction of GC. We aimed to determine whether AFI might be an alternative to CRE for identification of high-risk areas of gastric carcinogenesis after eradication. Materials and Methods: We included 27 sequential patients with metachronous GC detected during endoscopic surveillance for a mean of 82.8 months after curative endoscopic resection for primary GC and eradication. After their H. pylori infection status was evaluated by clinical interviews and $^{13}C$-urea breath tests, the consistency in the extension of corpus atrophy (e.g., open-type or closed-type atrophy) between AFI and CRE was investigated as a primary endpoint. Results: Inconsistencies in atrophic extension between AFI and CRE were observed in 6 of 27 patients, although CRE revealed all GC cases in the ANA. Interobserver and intraobserver agreements in the evaluation of atrophic extension by AFI were significantly less than those for CRE. Conclusions: We demonstrated that AFI findings might be less reliable for the evaluation of gastric mucosa with malignant potential after eradication than CRE findings. Therefore, special attention should be paid when we clinically evaluate AFI findings of background gastric mucosa after eradication (University Hospital Medical Information Network Center registration number: UMIN000020849).

Purpose: Endoscopic diagnosis of gastric cancer (GC) that emerges after eradication of Helicobacter pylori may be affected by unique morphological changes. Using comprehensive endoscopic imaging, which can reveal biological alterations in gastric mucosa after eradication, previous studies demonstrated that Congo red chromoendoscopy (CRE) might clearly show an acid non-secretory area (ANA) with malignant potential, while autofluorescence imaging (AFI) without drug injection or dyeing may achieve early detection or prediction of GC. We aimed to determine whether AFI might be an alternative to CRE for identification of high-risk areas of gastric carcinogenesis after eradication. Materials and Methods: We included 27 sequential patients with metachronous GC detected during endoscopic surveillance for a mean of 82.8 months after curative endoscopic resection for primary GC and eradication. After their H. pylori infection status was evaluated by clinical interviews and $^{13}C$-urea breath tests, the consistency in the extension of corpus atrophy (e.g., open-type or closed-type atrophy) between AFI and CRE was investigated as a primary endpoint. Results: Inconsistencies in atrophic extension between AFI and CRE were observed in 6 of 27 patients, although CRE revealed all GC cases in the ANA. Interobserver and intraobserver agreements in the evaluation of atrophic extension by AFI were significantly less than those for CRE. Conclusions: We demonstrated that AFI findings might be less reliable for the evaluation of gastric mucosa with malignant potential after eradication than CRE findings. Therefore, special attention should be paid when we clinically evaluate AFI findings of background gastric mucosa after eradication (University Hospital Medical Information Network Center registration number: UMIN000020849).

To improve the accuracy of sweetness sensor in automated sorting operations, it is necessary to clarify unevenness of the sugar content distribution within fruits. And it is expected that the technique to evaluate the content distribution in fruits contribute to the development of the near-infrared (NIR) imaging spectroscopy. Sugiyama (1999) had succeeded to visualize the distribution of the sugar content on the surface of a half-cut green fresh melon. However, this method cannot be applied to red flesh melons because it depends on information of the absorption band of chlorophyll (676 nm), which is affected by the color of the fresh. The objective of this study was to develop the universal visualization method depends on the absorption band of sugar, which can be applied to various kinds of melons and other fruits. The relationship between the sugar contents and absorption spectra of both green and red fresh melons were investigated by using a NIR spectrometer to determine the absorption band of sugar. The combination of 2$\^$nd/ derivative absorbances at 902 nm and 874 nm was highly correlated with the sugar contents. The wavelength of 902 nm is attributed to the absorption band of sugar. A cooled charge-coupled device (CCD) imaging camera which has 16 bit (65536 steps) A/D resolution was equipped with rotating band-pass filter wheel and used to capture the spectral absorption images of the flesh of a vertically half-cut red fresh melon. The advantage of the high A/D resolution in this research is that each pixel of the CCD is expected to function as a detector of the NIR spectrometer for quantitative analysis. Images at 846 nm, 874 nm, 902 nm and 930 nm were acquired using this CCD camera. Then the 2$\^$nd/ derivative absorbances at 902 nm and 874 nm at each pixel were calculated using these four images. On the other hand, parts of the same melon were extracted for capturing the images and squeezed for the measurement of sugar content. Then the calibration curve between the combination of 2$\^$nd/ derivative absorbances at 902 nm and 874 nm and sugar content was developed. The calibration method based on NIR spectroscopy techniques was applied to each pixel of the images to convert the 2$\^$nd/ derivative absorbances into the Brix sugar content. Mapping the sugar content value of each pixel with linear color scale, the distribution of the sugar content was visualized. As a result of the visualization, it was quantitatively confirmed that the Brix sugar contents are low at the near of the skin and become higher towards the seeds. This result suggests that the visualization technique by the NIR imaging spectroscopy could become a new useful method fer quality evaluation of melons.

Background and Purpose Similar-sized stroke lesions at similar locations can have different prognoses in clinical practice. Lesion-network mapping elucidates network-level effects of lesions that cause specific neurologic symptoms and signs, and also provides a group-level understanding. This study visualized the effects of stroke lesions on the functional brain networks of individual patients. Methods We enrolled patients with ischemic stroke who were hospitalized within 1 week of the stroke occurrence. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed 3 months after the index stroke. For image preprocessing, acute stroke lesions were visually delineated based on diffusion-weighted images obtained at admission, and the lesion mask was drawn using MRIcron software. Correlation matrices were calculated from 280 brain regions using the Brainnetome Atlas, and connectograms were visualized using in-house MATLAB code. Results We found characteristic differences in connectograms between pairs of patients who had comparable splenial, frontal cortical, cerebellar, and thalamocapsular lesions. Two representative patients with bilateral thalamic infarctions showed significant differences in their reconstructed connectograms. The cognitive function had recovered well at 3 months after stroke occurrence in patients with well-maintained interhemispheric and intrahemispheric connectivities. Conclusions This pilot study has visualized the effects of stroke lesions on the functional brain networks of individual patients. Consideration of the neurobiologic mechanisms underlying the differences between their connectograms has yielded new hypotheses about differences in the effects of stroke lesions.

In this paper, we propose a window-based mechanism visualization approach as an alternative way to measure the seriousness of the difference among data-insights extracted from a composite biodata point. The approach is based on two components: undirected graph and Mosaab-metric space. The significant application of this approach is to visualize the segmented genome of a virus. We use Influenza and Ebola viruses as examples to demonstrate the robustness of this approach and to conduct comparisons. This approach can provide researchers with deep insights about information structures extracted from a segmented genome as a composite biodata point, and consequently, to capture the segmented genetic variations and diversity (variants) in composite data points.

Dark field (DF) transmission electron microscopy image has become a popular characterization method for two-dimensional material, graphene, since it can visualize grain structure and multilayer islands, and further provide structural information such as crystal orientation relations, defects, etc. unlike other imaging tools. Here we present microstructure of graphene, particularly, using DF imaging. High-angle grain boundary formation wass observed in heat-treated chemical vapor deposition-grown graphene on the Si substrate using patch-quilted DF imaging processing, which is supposed to occur by strain around multilayer islands. Upon the crystal orientation between layers the multilayer islands were categorized into the oriented one and the twisted one, and their local structure were compared. In addition information from each diffraction spot in selected area diffraction pattern was summarized.

본고는 구름재 박병순(1917–2008) 시조에 나타난 가족 형상화 방법을 고찰하면서 그가 관찰한 가족에 대한 내면의식과 시적 세계관을 살펴보았다. 시인이 가족시를 창작할 때 시대를 반영하고 재현하는 장치물로서 시인의 주관적 정서가 담기지만 다양하고 복잡한, 한 시대의 사회적이고 문화적인 현상을 알게 해 준다. 가족시 형상화 방법을 탐구하는 것은 작품을 이해하는 것을 넘어서 시인의 시세계를 산출하는 중요한 척도가 된다. 그동안의 가족시 연구는 근⋅현대 시인의 시를 중심으로 연구되어 왔지만 시조 시인의 가족시에 대한 고찰은 일천하다. 그러므로 본고는 한글보급운동과 시조문예부흥운동에 앞장섰던 구름재 선생을 텍스트로 삼았으며, 현대를 반성하는 의미에서 주체로부터 외면당하면서 70여 년간 시작 활동을 펼친 시조 시인 중에서 잘 알려진 구름재의 가족시를 살펴봄으로서 시정신을 살피고자 하는 것이다. 연구방법으로서 구름재가 펴낸 구름재 시조 전집의 시편 중 가족시(64편)에 비교적 자주 나타나는 어머니와 아내를 중심으로 탐구하고 해석하는데 목표를 두었다. 2장에서는 어머니를 모티브로 한 4편의 시에 나타난 이미지와 마음을, 3장에서는 아내를 모티브로 한 시 4편의 시에 나타난 이미지와 문장 부호의 의미를 분석했다. 2장에서 어머니를 모티브로 한 이미지와 마음의 양상을 살펴본 시편들은 어머니라는 대상을 시적 사물화하고 있다. 시인은 어머니의 죽음 이미지를 통해 ‘감정과 심정,’ ‘내면과 전환의 의미,’ ‘심전의 의미’ 등의 마음을 순차적으로 드러내면서 내면을 집중할 때, 그것은 어머니에 대한 숭고한 마음으로 수렴될 수 있었던 것으로 나타났다. 3장에서 아내를 모티브로 한 이미지와 부호의 양상으로 살펴본 시편에서는 과거와 현재를 오가면서 죽은 아내가 마치 살아 있는 듯한 이미지를 통해 아내와의 애잔한 추억을 현재로 환원시키고 있다. 공통적으로 아내를 모티브로 한 시의 전편에는 문장부호를 통해 어조(語調)를 발생시키면서 의미를 확장시키고 있다. 그것은 쉼표(,), 물음표(?), 말줄임표(……), 느낌표(!), 마침표(.) 등의 부호를 각 시행에 배치함으로써 리듬감을 주면서 시적 긴장과 이완의 효과를 높이고 있다. 이러한 방법은 시성(詩性)에 맞는 부호를 문장/시어 뒤에 연결 지을 때 시적 의미가 확대되고 있다. 이렇게 구름재의 어머니와 아내를 주제 또는 소재로 창작한 시 대부분은 이들이 사망 한 이후에 창작되었지만 가족시를 통하여 가족에 대한 끝없는 소중함을 느끼며 존재의 각성과 내면의 성찰을 보인다. 이로써 시인은 남겨진 자로서 삶을 지탱할 수 있었던 원동력이 되었던 것으로 볼 수 있다. 구름재의 가족시에 나타난 가족은 혈연관계 속에서 밀착되어 있지만 ‘시대’와 ‘민족’이라는 외부 요인과 연관되면서 세계에 대처하는 시인의 정신과 무관하지 않다는 것을 알 수 있다. 살펴본 시편들 대부분은 구름재의 개인사 뿐 아니라 사회적 현상과 결부된 민족적 보편성까지 포괄적으로 보여준다.

This paper gureumjae Park Byeong?Sun(1917?2008) founder appeared in shaping how families identified for the family while he studied the inner consciousness and poetic view of the world were examined. When the family is watching where the poet and the creator, when the family reflects the reality of that time, and when to reproduce the subjective emotions of the poet as APPLIANCES damgigo family at a time through a diverse and complex social and cultural phenomena can be revealed This is because. When implemented, the family and subsequent poetry poetic figuration to explore ways to understand the work to produce beyond the poet's poetry is an important measure. Meanwhile, the muscles of the family study of the modern freedom of research, has been the center of the city of poets, poet, founder of the family, the study may have little time. Therefore, this study and the founder of the literary revival movement spread Korean in a text will be spearheaded gureumjae teacher. This means that a modern reflection when he was being deserted by the subject in the 70 years the founders of the start of the activity re?expand the clouds by exploring the city when the family spirit is inspected. Partly as a re?study of how "the founder complete collection gureumjae in" family history(Chapter 64) appearing less frequently in the family of the mother and wife, the center aims to explore and interpret placed. Section 2, a mother of 4 with the motif of the image and mind in poetry, at Section 3 of 4 with a motif of his wife appeared at the image and explores the meaning of punctuation. In Chapter 2 an image with the motif of the mother of mind that their mother looked at the specimen is seen as a destination poetic things. The death of his mother through the images the poet 'emotions and feelings', 'inner meaning of the transition', 'sense of feeling', and revealing his inner self in order to focus, when it converged with the mother for the noble mind Wed There appears to have been. Chapter 3, an image with the motif of his wife as an aspect of the sign seen in the sample and forth between past and present in a living dead wife seemed a wife and sorrowful memories through images and the current is reduced to. Wife appeared as a motif common in a city of punctuation through Part 1 tone occurred while the meaning has extended. It is the poet comma(,), a question mark(?), Ellipsis(…), an exclamation point(!), Michimpyo. In each trial by placing the sign, such as giving a poetic rhythm that increases the effectiveness of tension and relaxation seems to be. These methods visibility codes for a sentence / word meaning behind the poetic when building a connection that could be seen being expanded. This gureumjae of material about his mother and wife after the death of a family when they are most creative in the ash cloud, but when the family through the family feel about the endless existence of the importance of awareness and inner reflection appears. This was left as a man capable of supporting life are believed to be the driving force was. Furthermore, shaping the way through during gureumjae family kinship appeared in the family is close, but the external factors associated with age and ethnicity as the world coping with the spirit of the poet can understand that it is not irrelevant. Most specimens seen gureumjae social phenomenon, coupled with the personal affairs of the nation, as well as a universal phenomenon shows up as comprehensive.