Earticle

본 연구는 과거 행정구역개편이 이루어졌던 도시들을 대상으로 도농통합이 지역의 투자적 지출에 미친 영향을 통합유형 별·기간별로 회귀분석을 하였다. 분석 결과 도농통합 전과 후, 통합유형별로 인구밀도, 면적, 1인당 지방세, 의존재원 등 모든 변수들은 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 투자적 지출과 의존재원은 통합 전과 후에 평균변화율이 가장 높은 변수였다. 또한 모형에 기간변수를 추가하여 분석한 결과 도농통합에 따른 투자적 지출의 변화는 단기에는 영향을 주지만, 장기에는 지역의 개별적인 변화과정으로 인해 그 효과는 희석되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 통합 후 투자적 지출의 변화 효과를 예측하고, 유형별로 투자적 지출에 영향을 미치는 요인이 다르므로 도 농통합의 효과를 높이기 위해서는 기존의 공간적인 기준에 의한 구분에 기능적인 측면을 고려하여 각 유형별 유의미한 변 수들을 변화시킬 수 있는 도농통합계획을 수립하여야 함을 시사한다.

This study analyzes the influences of urban-rural integrations to cities whereadministrative districts were reorganized in the past by the integration type and the period. According to the empirical result, differences of all variables are found between before andafter urban-rural integrations. Especially the investment expenditure and the financialdependance are the variables with higher average change rate than other variables' betweenbefore and after urban-rural integrations. In addition, the analysis result by adding the periodvariable to the regression model shows that changes in investment expenditures due tourban-rural integrations are influential for short-term periods, but, effects of the expendituresare diluted for long-term periods due to individual regions' change courses. The result of this study is available to predict the change effect of investment expenditureand also suggests that, since influential factors on the expansion of investment expenditurefor each type differ, the reorganization of administrative district that enables changes ofsignificant variables of each type should be established considering the classification basedon the existing spatial criteria and the functional aspects to improve the effect of urban- ruralintegration.

Korea continued to make an administrative district reform to separate urban and rural areas. But, since the operation of local government system in 1995, the reform has been focused on integrating towns and counties again.Even though the government recommended to integrate, Muan Peninsula still has not fulfilled the recommendation among the 92 cities and counties. Muan Peninsula tried to consolidate its area several times but failed each time because of the objection of Muan county. But, recently, the discussion on the integration is resumed as a lot of development plans have been announced and carried out.Most of the preceding studies are evaluating the performance of integration after the urban-rural integration takes place. However, this study about the region that failed the integration though its necessity is increasing tried to make clear the reason why they oppose the integration and indicate the solutions through the investigation of the residents' awareness.As for the reasons for opposing integration, harmony is made difficult even when integration takes place since the two regions are heterogeneous, and the need for integration is not felt in the regions where there is potential for self-development. In particular, residents who are negative to integration are mostly those in the commercial field and the residents of the southern part of the Muan County. Integration requires increased sense of community among the residents and awareness on the synergy effect on the regional development.

본 연구는 46개 도·농 통합시를 대상으로 재정지출이 지역경제성장에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 2000년부터 2013년까지의 46개 도·농 통합시의 패널자료를 이용하여 재정지출이 지역경제성장에 미치는 영향을 전체지역, 중부지역, 남부지역 등 지리적인 구분을 통하여 지역별로 그 영향을 분석, 비교하였다. 분석과정은 Granger 인과관계검정을 시행하여 변수들이 지역별로 지역경제에 어떤 영향을 미치고 있는지 분석하고 1인당 지역내총생산을 종속변수로 하여 패널회귀분석을 실시하여 각 변수들이 통합시 지역경제에 미치는 영향력을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 전체지역에서는 1인당 사회개발비, 1인당 경제개발비, 1인당 교육비, 재정자립도 등 재정변수들과 고령인구비중, 종사자수, 유형고정자산 등 통제변수들이 유의한 양(+)의 영향을 미치고 생산가능인구비중은 유의한 음(-)의 영향을 미치며, 중부지역에서는 1인당 교육비, 1인당 지방세, 재정자립도 등 재정변수들이 유의한 양(+)의 영향을 미치고 통제변수 중 종사자수와 유형고정자산이 유의한 양(+)의 영향을 미치며, 남부지역에서는 재정변수 중 1인당 사회개발비가 유의한 양(+)의 영향을 미치고 1인당 지방세는 유의한 음(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나며, 통제변수 중 종사자수, 유형고정자산이 유의한 양(+)의 영향을 미치고 생산가능인구비중은 음(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 궁극적으로 도·농 통합시는 재정지출의 효율성이 매우 낮고 재정지출을 효과적으로 경제성장에 이용하지 못함을 알 수 있다. 때문에 지역에 상관없이 도·농 통합시들은 재정지출의 효율성을 제고하는 방안을 마련하는 것이 급선무이다. 재정지출에서 경제개발비의 효율성을 제고하고 사회개발비와 교육비의 비중을 확대시켜야 하며 통합으로 확대된 토지의 효과적인 이용을 추진해야 한다. 또한 중부지역 경우 민간 자본의 활용에 더 많은 노력이 필요하고, 남부지역 경우 조세부담을 적정수준으로 줄이고 사회개발비 지출규모를 확대시켜 자원의 긍정적인 배분에 힘써야 할 것이다.

This paper analyzes implications of financial expenditures to regional economic growths in 46 different urban-rural integration cities. Using the time series data of urban-rural integration cities during 2000 to 2013. In addition, panel regression analysis is carried out to analyze the each variable's influence on the integrations' regional economy applying per capita GDP as the dependent variable. As a result, in the total region, financial variables, such as social development expenditure, economic development expenditure, and degree of financial independence have significantly positive effects; Education expenditure, local tax and degree of financial independence shows positive influences in central region; Only social development expenditure makes positive effects in the southern region, while the local taxes makes negative effects. Control variables such as number of employees and tangible fixed assets have positive effects in the all urban-rural integrations cities. Ultimately, it can be seen that the efficiency of financial expenditure is considerably low and the financial expenditure failed to augment the economy in urban-rural integrations. In addition, more efforts are required to take advantage of private capital in the central region, while reducing the region taxes to the appropriate level and expanding the expenditure of social development are necessitated to make sure of the positive allocation of resources in the southern region.

This study aims to identify the rural spatial structure and to establish the planning characteristics based on urban-rural connections strategy of North Korea. For this purpose, they were collected such as documents and drawings including primary data related to rural planning in North Korea, and the rural space were classified into three elements in order to analyze them by the rural planning's point of the view. Unlike generalized capitalist cities, socialist North Korean cities are characterized by the coexistence of urban and rural areas. This distinct feature of the city is also reflected in creating rural space in North Korea. Thus, The urban-rural integration in spatial planning is a key factor in understanding the spatial structure of North Korea. This study firstly examines the characteristics of the county(gun), the administrative and economic unit established in the post-war period, secondly, examines the planning method of town(eup) which can be called the urban center in rural areas, and lastly grasps the planning method of rural village focusing on collectivization and identifies how they are connected to the town for the shake of urban-rural integration. As a result, the characteristics of rural planning in North Korea has revealed that it has a comprehensive rural planning established with the goal of strengthening the self-sufficiency of the rural area by the means of the create of rural spatial hierarchy in the whole country.

This study analyzed the effect of urban-rural integration features on the fear of crime using multilevel ordered logistic model. As a result of the analysis, this study identified that the individual characteristics are important factors that affect the fear of crime, and in particular, it is found differences in perception of the fear of crime according to gender. Next, the result was derived that urban and rural integration feature was the most important factor affecting the fear of crime, excluding gender. In addition, this study confirmed that the increase in rural areas aggravates the fear of crime, while the increase in urban areas mitigates the fear. Based on these conclusions, this study produced the following policy implications. First, the crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) must be applied when promoting the urban-rural integration process. Second, it will have to actively accept second-generation CPTED plan which focuses not only on improving the physical environment but also on enhancing residents’ participation and ties. Third, the expansion of CPTED facilities in rural areas should be considered first.

시장은 도시와 농촌의 관계를 연결하는 중요한 연결 고리입니다. 현재 도시와 농촌 시장의 세분 화로 인해 통일된 도시와 농촌 시장 시스템이 형성되지 않았으며 상품 유통 시장이 완벽하지 않을 뿐만 아니라 요소 시장의 발전이 뒤떨어져 있습니다. 도농상품유통시장의 시장통합은 도농시장의 분절현상을 타파하고 도농시장을 긴밀히 연결하고 통합하며 도농간 각종 상품, 서비스, 자원요소의 원활한 흐름을 보장하며, 도시 및 농촌 주민의 생산 및 생활 요구를 충족시킵니다. 도시와 농촌 시 장 통합, 특히 요소 시장 통합은 도시와 농촌 통합의 핵심입니다. 시장은 도시와 농촌의 관계를 연 결하는 중요한 연결 고리입니다. 무역유통산업은 우리 경제발전에 중요한 역할을 하고 있습니다. 근년에 우리나라도 상업무역유통시장을 활발히 발전시키고 있으며 상업무역유통시장의 통합을 적 극 추진하고 있다. 그러나 우리 도농상품유통시장은 오래전부터 도농유통시장을 분리하는 2중경제 구조로 도농통합발전에 유리하지 않고 도농격차를 심화시켰다. 이 논문은 신장 위구르 자치구의 도 시 및 농촌 순환 시장의 현재 상황을 도시 및 농촌 시장 회전율, 기반 시설, 1인당 가처분 소득 및 1인당 소비 지출 측면에서 분석합니다. 따라서 물류 정보 및 인프라 구축을 강화하고 인재 양성에 관심을 기울여야 합니다.

Market is an important link linking urban and rural relations. At present, due to the segmentation of urban and rural markets, the unified urban and rural market system has not been formed, not only the commodity circulation market is not perfect, the development of factor markets lag behind. Market integration of urban and rural commodity circulation market is to break the situation of segmentation of urban and rural markets, make urban and rural markets closely linked and integrated, ensure the smooth flow of various commodities, services and resource factors between urban and rural areas, and meet the production and living needs of urban and rural residents. Urban and rural market integration especially factor market integration is the key to urban and rural integration. Market is an important link linking urban and rural relations. Commerce-trade circulation industry plays a vital role in our economic development. In recent years, our country has also been developing commerce-trade circulation market vigorously, and actively promoting commerce-trade circulation market integration. But our urban and rural commodity circulation market has existed two economic structure for a long time dividing urban and rural circulation market, not conducive to urban and rural integration development, and intensified the gap between urban and rural. This paper analyzes the current situation of urban and rural circulation market in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from the aspects of urban and rural market turnover, infrastructure, per capita disposable income and per capita consumption expenditure. Therefore, we should strengthen the construction of logistics information and infrastructure, and pay attention to the training of talent team.

Lucheng City has a long history, and now is the only county-level city which belongs to Shanxi Province. This city has a small population of people which are relatively concentrated. The economy of this city is based on the coal industry, which results in the fact that the secondary industry dominates while the primary and tertiary ones obviously fall behind. To respond to the call of our nation, which is that ‘balance the development between the urban and rural’, and to meet the needs of the urban development, it is essential to make some detailed strategies. Especially, the construction of the landscape green space system plays an important role in this process. This paper focuses on the drainage purposes of this system. In addition, to enhance this city’s drainage function, it is also demanding to optimize its drainage system, which in this paper we concentrate on the urban sewer system. In this paper, we apply two mathematical models into the drainage analysis and optimization, which are the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) method and urban sewer system model (USSM), respectively.

Korean administrative jurisdiction has changed from separation to integration system, without definite raison d'etre from the effectiveness dimension. It partially comes from the fact that the top priority of most existing documents has given to the behavioral patterns of key variables during specific time periods. As an alternative approach, this study focuses on dynamic analysis on the long-term structural patterns related to urban-rural integration issues. Specifically, it pays attention to unique experiences between two neighboring administrative authorities, namely Cheongju and Cheongwon, all of which have repeated exceptional confrontations between pros and cons over almost two decades. From the theoretical perspectives, this observes structural similarities and differences between separation and integration approaches and compares individual feedback loops in order to examine urban-rural integration effectiveness. Structurally, if the integrated local authority adopts systematic management and balanced territorial development principles, it would gain the highest positive effect of urban-rural integration. After scenario buildings, it analyzes administrative integration dynamics between Cheongju and Cheongwon, highlighting geo-political conditions, key issues, and implementation plans between two administrative authorities. It expects that the integrated jurisdiction as a whole would increase the urban attractiveness as it can facilitate territorial development plans from macro-level. Furthermore, if the integrated authority keeps balanced territorial principles, which would be well reflected in the mutual agreement between two administrative units, it would also guarantee the increased urban attractiveness in the integrated jurisdiction. Nonetheless, compared to Cheongwon, which might be wider open to the location of NIMBY facilities, it would be more difficult for Cheongju to pay attention to territorial development confined to its original jurisdiction in the short run.

구역은 지리적․법제적 개념을 동시에 수반하고 있고, 행정의 효율성과 민주성 그리고 주민생활의 편의성을 고려해야 할 요소만큼 복잡한 문제이다. 특히 행정구역의 적정규모에 대한 명확한 객관적 기준이 없고, 제시되고 있는 고려 요소나 기준 역시 상대적 중요도에 따라 구역개편의 문제는 끝없는 논쟁을 불러일으킬 수밖에 없다. 본 연구는 도․농이 통합되어 10년이 경과한 시점에서 통합의 목표가 어느 정도 달성되고 있으며, 그 운영의 성과가 어느 정도 이루어지고 있는지를 분석․평가해 보는데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 원주시를 대상으로 3가지 평가기준(효율성, 민주성, 형평성)에 따라 10년간 공식통계자료와 주민평가를 병행하여 분석하였다. 분석결과, 통합의 성과가 긍정적으로 나타나고 있으나, 여전히 재정구조의 경직성, 도․농간 불균형, 도․농주민간의 갈등 및 농촌지역의 상대적 소외감 등의 문제가 잔존하고 있는 것으로 나타남에 따라 이에 대한 정책적 제언과 대안을 제시하였다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of the reorganization of urban and rural integrative administrative district and provide political suggestion. This study attempted to analyse the degree of achieving the goal of urban-rural integration thus far implemented for about 10 years from 1994 to the preset and the effect of its operation with a focus on Wonju City. This study also attempted to divide the measurement indicator to analyse the effect of urban-rural integration into the domain of Efficiency, Democracy, Equity. The findings from the analysis are as follow: First, the Integration Effect for 10 years of Wonju City showed positive effect. The administrative organization of city hall after integration was simplified, but it can be seen that the financial domain continued to increase as can be seen in the financial change of the integrated city, which seems to be somewhat unreasonable to see as the result coming from the effect of integration. Second, the City-County Consolidations raised several problems. Particularly, rural residents showed a negative level of satisfaction with City-County Consolidations. Accordingly. to facilitate the reduction of administrative expenses intended by the urban and rural community, substantial simplification of administrative organization and personnel is required. And for the balanced development between urban and rural areas, the additional city plans should be considered.

이 연구에서는 청주ㆍ청원 간 시군통합 실패 사례를 중심으로 도농통합의 쟁점과 성패를 유인하는 요인들을 분석하고자 한다. 양 시군은 1994년과 2005년 두 차례에 걸쳐 통합을 시도하였으나 연이어 좌절되었다. 도통통합 정책 시행 이후 1998년 여수시의 통합까지 42개 시와 32개 군이 통합하여 대부분의 시군이 통합을 이룬 전례들을 검토해보았을 때, 청추ㆍ청원 통합의 실패에 미친 다른 특기할 만한 요인들이 무엇인지 규명하는 것은 향후 지역통합정책에도 적지 않은 시사점을 제공해줄 것으로 판단된다. 특히 계란 노른자 형태(군의 한가운데에 시가 형성되어 있는 군중심형)를 갖춘 시군이 통합하지 못한 사례는 청주ㆍ청원이 유일하다고 할 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 행위자의 정치경제적 이해와 제도 환경의 양 측면에서 요인들을 고찰하기로 한다.

This study analyzes the factors which cause an issue and success or failure of urban-rural integration with a case of Cheongju and Chwongwon. Even though These two city and township attempted to integrate themselves twice in 1994 and 2005 continuously, but these trials finished in failure. Through examines the integration cases of 42 cities and 32 townships from an implement of urban-rural integration policy to Yeoju's integration case, and comparing it with the Cheongju?Cheongwon case is significant work to figure out unique factors which lead to failure. Also it can give various implications to the ensuing regional integration policy. Especially it is only case which didn't reach to the integration even though the city is located in the center of the township. This study considers the factors in both institutional environment and understanding of actors.

본 연구는 도․농통합의 성과 측정을 통해 향후 구역개편과 통합시 운영의 정책적 시사점을 찾는데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 효율성 측정을 위해 핵심 투입 및 산출지표를 구성하여 62개 시(市)지방정부(일반시 24개시, 통합시 38개시)를 대상으로 통합당시인 1995년부터 2004년까지 자료를 기초로 DEA분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 일반시는 효율성의 변화율이 감소한데 반해 통합시는 증가함에 따라 통합성과가 나타나고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 효율성이 높아진 도시들의 특징은 인구규모 및 공무원 1인당 인구수가 적고, 공무원 1인당 관할면적이 좁으며, 주민1인당 세출액이 많고 재정자립도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 통합시 효율성 결정요인을 분석한 결과, 효율성의 영향요인은 지방정부의 내생적 요인과 외생적 요인이 복합적으로 작용하고 있었다. 또한 가장 영향력이 큰 변수는 재정자립도였으며, 공무원수, 인구수, 세출액, 면적 순으로 나타났다. 따라서 향후 구역개편과 통합시의 효율적 운영을 위한 5가지의 정책적 제언을 제시하였다.

The purpose of this study is to analyzing the effect of the reorganization of urban and rural for integration of administrative district, and to deriving political suggestion. To evaluate the efficiency, the DEA analysis was carried out with a critical input-output index based on the data such as urban-rural integration thus far implemented for about 10 years from 1994 to the preset. The findings from the analysis are as follow. First, the general city for the efficiency of variance percentage has decreased while urban-rural Integration city has increased. The distinctive feature of city, which are higher efficiency, have small population and small number of population per public service personnel, a narrow jurisdiction per public service personnel, and many annual expenditure amount per one residential and the higher finance self-reliance than the general city. When the urban-rural integration Set to The results of an analysis for efficiency decision factor as set to urban-rural integration, the influence factors of efficiency are effect to internal factor and external factor of a district in compositely. Also, one of the most influential factors is finance self-reliance and next to a number of public service personnel, a number of population, annual expenditure, and dimensions in order. Therefore, political proposition has been proposed to with five level to the efficient operation by administrative area reorganization and integration in near future.

1990년대 중반 지방자치제도가 시행된 이후 지방재정지출 중 사회복지수요가 증가되면서 사회개발비지출이 급속하게 증가하는 추세를 보이고 있다. 이런 변화에 대한 선행연구 중 일부 연구에서 도농 통합시와 같은 기초자치단체에서 그런 변화의 경제적 영향에 대한 연구가 이루어져 왔다. 본 연구의 목적은 강원도에서 도･농 통합이 이루어진 춘천시, 원주시, 강릉시, 삼척시 등 4개 통합시를대상으로 1980년부터 2012년까지 횡단면 자료와 시계열 자료로 구성된 패널자료를 이용하여 지방재정지출의 영향을 통합 전･후 기간으로 구분하여 그 차이를 분석하였다. 2SLS방법에 의한 추정결과, 지방재정지출 중 사회개발비의 효과를 통합 전･후로 구분하여 보면 통합전이통합후보다 사회개발비의 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났으며 경제개발비와 일반행정비는 통합전모형에서는 통계적 유의성이 없는 것으로 나타났으나 통합후모형에서는 통계적 유의성이 존재하고 있으나 경제개발비의경우 그 영향이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이런 결과와 달리, 전체기간모형에서는 지역경제에 미치는 영향은탄력성측면에서 경제개발비가 사회개발비나 일반행정비 보다 상대적으로 크게 나타났으며 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 경제개발비의 영향이 사회개발비나 일반행정비보다 약간 크다는 사실을 알수 있었다. 이런 결과는 통합효과가 통합대상에 따라 차이가 있을 수 있다는 사실을 짐작케 한다.

It obviously showed that social development expenditure in local public finance of Korea had increased since the late 1990s. But few research explained the economic impacts of such a change at basic administrative unit like urban-rural Integration city. The purpose of this paper is to analysis the impacts of government expenditure on the regional economy in urban-rural integration city of the Gangwon-Province using cross section data and time series data from 1980 to 2012 through Two-Stage Least Squares Estimation(2SLS). As a result, the impact of social development expenditure of pre-integration model was analyzed to be much larger than that of post-integration. On the other hand, economic development expenditure and general administration expenditure had no statistical significance pre-integration, but post-integration was found to be influential variable. Unlike these results, all expenditure variables in the whole period model tends to have statistically positive impacts on the regional economy, and elasticity of economic development expenditure appeared to be larger than social development expenditure and general administration expenditure. Therefore, the impact of economic development expenditure was found in fact greater than social development expenditure and general administration expenditure. These results show that the integration effect can guess that there is a difference according to the integrated area.

범죄예방 환경설계(CPTED)는 범죄발생을 초래하는 환경적 요인을 사전에 제거함으로써 범죄발생은 물론 범죄에 대한 불안감을 감소시키고, 궁극적으로는 지역의 범죄안전성을 강화해 삶의 질을 증진시킴으로써 지역사회의 지속가능성을 확보하는데 그 목적이 있다. 최근 중앙정부와 지방자치단체에서 범죄발생을 사전에 막고 주민들의 범죄 불안감을 감소시키기 위해 지역환경 개선사업에 범죄예방 환경설계(CPTED) 기법을 도입하여 활발하게 사업을 시행하고 있다. 1990년대 초 우리나라 농촌지역의 쇠퇴를 막고 지역 간 균형발전 실현을 위해 도농통합형 행정구역 개편을 대대적으로 추진하였다. 도농의 균형 있는 발전을 위해 도농 통합정책은 3번의 개편과정을 거쳐 진행되었으며, 통합대상지역을 선정하여 정부 주도로 통합이 추진되었다. 그러나 도농통합시는 도시와 농촌의 지역특성으로 인해 범죄 및 사고에 취약하고 도시화로 인해 다양한 범죄가 발생할 가능성이 높다. 본 연구는 범죄예방 환경설계와 관련하여 기초자치단체가 제정한 조례가 지역적 특성 등을 반영하고 있는지를 조례내용을 중심으로 분석하였다. 이를 위해 경상남도 17개 기초자치단체를 중심으로 범죄예방 환경설계와 관련된 자치입법을 도농복합도시와 일반 시･군과의 비교분석을 통해 도농복합지역의 물리적･사회적 특성 등을 고려한 자치입법을 제안하고자 하였다. 그 결과 조례는 목적 및 정의, 기본방향 및 책무, 기본계획 수립・시행, 적용범위 및 사업, 위원회 구성 및 운영, 협력체계, 교육・홍보 및 포상 등으로 구성되어 있으며, 조례의 범위는 제9조에서 제13조 이내인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 조례의 내용에 있어서는 CPTED와 관련한 계획이나 적용범위를 구체적으로 명시하지 않고 포괄적이고 선언적 의미의 내용을 담고 있는 경우가 대부분인 것으로 나타나 도농통합시의 지역적 특성을 고려하지 못하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 향후 범죄예방 환경설계와 관련하여 환경정비 조성사업이 활발하게 전개될 것으로 보고 현행 도농통합시 조례의 미비점을 보완하는 차원에서 몇 가지 개선방안을 제시하고자 한다. 먼저 정책의 시의성을 고려하여 기본원칙 부문에서 2세대 CPTED 원리인 비물리적 환경인 공동체 강화 부문을 추가할 필요가 있다. 다음으로 범죄예방 환경개선사업의 경우 기초자치단체의 사업 추진의지가 높은 지역을 기준으로 사업을 선정하고 있는 만큼 기초자치단체장의 책무는 반드시 명시되어야 한다. 이밖에 도농통합시의 복잡한 물리적·사회적 환경을 고려한 맞춤형 범죄예방 환경조성이 필요한 만큼 적용범위에서 도시, 교외, 농촌으로 구분한 후 교외지역(읍면)을 우선적으로 적용한다는 내용을 포함할 필요가 있다. 마지막으로 범죄예방 환경조성 관련 협의체를 두어야 하며, 나아가 CPTED 전략 수립과정 전반에 있어서 시민참여단 등 주민참여를 보장하는 규정을 보완할 필요가 있다.

The Crime Prevention Through Environment Design(CPTED) aims to check the environmental factors causing the crimes and thereby, not only prevent the crimes but also relieve the citizens of the fear for the crimes, and ultimately enhance the local safety against the crimes only to improve citizens’ quality of life for a sustainable development of the local communities. Lately, the central government and the local autonomous administrations have introduced the CPTED technique in an effort to prevent the crimes pre-emptively and relieve the citizens of the fear for the crimes. In the early 1990s, the Korean government reformed the administrative district system on a full scale in an effort to prevent the rural districts from degenerating and achieve a balanced development among districts. Especially for the balanced development between the urban and rural districts, the urban-rural integration policy was instituted 3 times; the candidate districts were selected and integrated by the government. However, it was feared that the urban-rural integration cities were vulnerable to crimes and accidents due to the complication of urban and rural characteristics. In a nutshell, urbanization would lead well to the incubation of the diverse crimes. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether the ordinances enacted by the primary local administrative administrations would reflect their regional characteristics in relation with the CPTED. Specifically, this study sampled 17 primary local autonomous administrations and thereby, comparatively analyzed the differences of the ordinances in terms of CPTED between the urban-rural integration cities and the ordinary cities/counties, and thereupon, suggested the model ordinances in consideration of the urban-rural integration cities’ physical and social characteristics. As a result, the ordinances were found to consist of the following chapters: purpose and definition, basic direction and duties, formulation of the basic plan, scope and projects, organization and operation of the committees, cooperative system, education, P. R. and rewards. It was also found that the ordinance consists of 9~13 articles on average. In most cases, however, the ordinances did not stipulate the plan or scope of application of CPTED but contain a comprehensive and declarative contents, which suggests that the local characteristics of the urban-rural integration cities are not well reflected in the ordinances. Thus, this study suggests some reform measures to complement the current ordinances of the urban-rural integration cities, expecting they would reform their environment with regard to CPTED actively. First of all, it is deemed necessary to add to the ordinances the solidarity of the community or non-physical environment of the 2nd ?generation CPTED principle in consideration of the timeliness of the policies. Next, in case of the project to improve the environment for prevention of the crimes, it was found that the priority was put on the primary local administrations who were eager to prevent crimes. Anyway, the obligations of the local autonomous administrator should not fail to be specified. Besides, since the customized crime prevention environment should be designed in consideration of the complex physical and social environments of the urban-rural integration cities, it is deemed necessary to divide the city into downtown, suburban and rural areas and thereby, put priority on the suburban areas (ups and myons). Lastly, it would be essential to operate a consultative body with regard to the creation of the crime prevention environment. Furthermore, it is also necessary to insure citizens’ participation or their participatory group in the process of instituting the CPTED strategies.

이 연구는 행정구역개편의 효율적 실행을 위한 학습 정보를 제공하기 위해 1994-5년에 실행된 시･군통합 사례를 대상으로 행정비용 절감효과, 규모의 경제효과, 지역경제발전 효과를 분석하였다. 정책효과 분석은 단기효과와 장기효과로 구분하여 실행되었다. 분석 결과 단기적으로는 지역경제 발전효과가 존재하나 행정비용 절감과 규모의 경제효과는 발생되지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 장기효과를 분석한 결과 행정비용 절감효과와 지역경제 발전효과는 통합시와 비통합시간 유의한 차이가 존재하지 않았으며, 규모의 경제효과는 통합시가 비통합시에 비해 크게 발생되는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 규모의 경제 효과는 통합여부 보다는 자치단체의 소득, 도시화 수준 등과 같은 구조적 요인에 의해 더 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 결국 단기적 측면에서 볼 때 물리적 구조의 통합은 기대했던 정책효과를 충분히 발생시키지 못하고, 장기적으로 통합에 따른 승수효과를 가져오지 못하며, 통합을 통해 구조화된 자치단체의 정치, 경제, 사회적 특성에 의해 정책의 효과가 고착되는 것으로 나타났다. 이런 분석의 결과를 바탕으로 이 연구는 정책의 장기적 효과까지를 고려하여 로드맵을 구축할 필요가 있으며, 동시에 획일적 통합 보다는 단계별 자율 통합 및 행정구역 경계 변화 등의 다양한 정책 수단을 강구해야 하며, 자치단체의 경제･사회･정치적 변수 등이 어떻게 변화될 것인지에 대해서도 예측하여 행정구역 개편을 추진하여야 할 필요성이 있다는 점을 제안하였다.

This study analyzed the administrative cost savings effects, economies of scale effects, and regional economic development effects of Urban-Rural Districts Integration, executed in 1994-5 in order to provide study lessons as a prerequisite for an efficient execution of the administrative district reorganization. An analysis of short-term and long-term policy effects was carried out separately. According to the results of this analysis, there is some effects of local economic development, but the effects of an administrative cost savings and economies of scale were not raised on the short-term base. On the other hand, the result of the analysis of long-term effects was that there is no significant difference between integrated urban-rural districts and non-integrated districts but the effects of economies of scale in integrated districts were significantly larger in comparison with those of the non-integrated districts. However, the effects of economies of scale were affected greater by other structural factors such as the local government income and the urbanization level rather than the integration of urban-rural districts. In other words, on the short-term base, the integration of physical localities does not sufficiently incur the expected policy effects. On the long-term base also, there is no multiplier effect of integration. Thus, the paper proposes to build up a road map that considers the long-term policy effects and a step-by-step autonomic integrating plan rather than standardized integrating form. And the plan should also take into account the predictable changes in economic, political and social situation of the local government in pursuing the Urban-Rural Districts Integration.

中国城镇化的快速发展促进了人口的大量流动。｢乡-城流动人口｣向城市迁移的现象日益普遍，促使人们开始探究乡-城流动人口在城市环境中的社会融入问题，尤其是通过市场生活共同体这一视角。本研究目的旨在探讨市场生活共同体与乡-城流动人口社会融入之间的相互关系。研究采用定性分析方法，辅以现场观察和半结构化访谈，力求阐明其中的动态关系。研究结果强调了几个重要发现：首先，市场生活共同体为乡-城流动人口提供了重要的就业机会，从而成为他们经济基础的关键。其次，作为不同群体在日常生活和社会交往中的共享空间，以市场为基础的生活共同体促进了不同群体间的信任建设和文化交流；第三，市场生活共同体在乡-城流动人口的社会融入过程中起到关键的促进作用。本研究揭示了基于市场生活共同与乡-城流动人口社会融合之间的微妙关系，从而丰富了对城市化背景下当代城市动态的理解，为学术讨论做出了贡献。

The rapid development of urbanization in China has contributed to the massive movement of people. The increasingly common phenomenon of “rural-urban migrants” moving to cities has prompted people to explore the social integration of rural-urban migrants in urban environments, especially through the lens of market living communities. This study aims to explore the interrelationship between market living communities and the social integration of rural-urban migrants. Using qualitative analytical methods, supplemented by field observations and semi-structured interviews, the study seeks to elucidate the dynamics of the relationship. The study's results emphasize several important findings. First, the market living community provides important employment opportunities for rural-urban migrants, thus becoming the key to their economic base. Second, as a shared space for different groups in their daily lives and social interactions, the based on market living community facilitates trust building and cultural exchanges among different groups. Third, the market living community plays a key role in facilitating the social integration process of the rural-urban migrant population. This study reveals the subtle relationship between based on market living communities and the social integration of rural-urban migrants, thus enriching the understanding of contemporary urban dynamics in the context of urbanization and contributing to academic discussions.

본 연구는 죽음준비교육이 도농복합지역 노인의 죽음불안과 자아통합에 미치는 효과를 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 연구는 D광역시 도농복합지역에 거주하는 65세 이상 노인 50명(실험군 25명, 대조군 25명)을 모집하여 진행하였으며, 교육 참여그룹에 대한 죽음준비교육은 총 12주(매주 1회, 매회 2시간) 수행하였다. 분석방법은 비동일 통제집단 전후비교조사를 실시하여 교육의 효과를 측정하였고, 수집한 자료에 대해서는 사전-사후-추후 검증을 위해 독립표본 t검증, 공변량 분석, ANCOVA, 대응표본 t검증을 실시하였다. 주요 연구결과는 죽음준비교육 실시 이전과 실시 이후에 죽음불안의 점수는 효과적으로 감소하였으며, 자아통합감의 점수는 실시 이전보다 실시 이후에 유의미하게 긍정적으로 변화하였다. 이러한 연구결과에 근거하여 도농복합지역 노인이 죽음을 준비하도록 교육하는 것은 남은 생을 의미 있게 살도록 지원하는데 기여할 수 있음을 논의하였고, 이들을 위한 죽음준비교육의 실천적·정책적 활성화 방안을 제안하였다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of death preparation education program on death anxiety and self-integration in the elderly of urban and rural complex areas . The study was conducted with 50 elderly people (aged 65 and over) in the urban and rural complex areas of D metropolitan city (25 experimental group and 25 control group), and death preparation education was performed for 12 weeks(one time per week, two hours each). For the purpose, the experimental study was conducted the effect of education was measured by the independent sample t test, covariance analysis, ANCOVA, and t test. The results of the main study showed that the score of death anxiety decreased effectively before and after the preparation for death, and the score of self - integration changed significantly increase after the implementation. Based on the results of this study, it was discussed that educating elderly people in urban and rural complex areas to preparing education for death could contribute to the meaningful living of the remaining life, and proposed the practical and policy activating plan for death preparation education for them.