Earticle

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of gluteus medius (GM) strengthening training using the pressure biofeedback unit for lower extremity muscle function and balance ability in stroke patients. Methods: Twenty-seven stroke patients (14 men, 13 women) volunteered to participate in this study. They were randomly assigned to 3 groups: pressure biofeedback unit GM training, general GM training, and control group. Experimental group 1 performed GM strengthening training using PBU in the sidelying position. Experimental group 2 performed GM strengthening training without PBU in the sidelying position. The training program lasted 4 weeks (20-minute sessions, three times a week). Muscle function was assessed by measuring muscle strength and endurance, and Berg balance scale (BBS), Lateral Reach Test (LRT), and limited of stability (LOS) velocity were measured for evaluation of balance ability. Results: Enhancement of muscle strength and endurance was significantly higher in experimental group 1 than in the other two groups (p<0.05). In comparison of the balance function, experimental group 1 showed a significantly enhanced ability to balance (p<0.05). After the intervention, experimental group 1 showed a significant reduction of LOS velocity in the anterior direction and affected direction (p<0.05). There was no significant difference than the other two groups but a large reduction was observed. Conclusion: These findings suggest that selective gluteus medius strengthening training using the pressure biofeedback unit is effective for lower extremity muscle function and balance ability in stroke patients.

Purpose: This study was conducted to verify the effect of applying a pressure biofeedback unit on walking ability and knee joint function while performing knee joint extensor strengthening exercises using resistance exercise equipment in total knee replacement (TKR) patients. Methods: This study was conducted on twelve patients receiving rehabilitation treatment after being admitted to a rehabilitation hospital post-TKR. Of these, six were allocated to a feedback group with a pressure biofeedback unit, and the other 6 were allocated to a control group without a pressure biofeedback unit. The subjects performed an exercise program for 45 minutes per session, five times a week, for two weeks. Walking ability and knee joint function were evaluated and analyzed before and after exercise. Results: The feedback group showed significantly better improvements in walking speed, gait cycle, step length on the non-operation side, time on the foot on the operation side, K-WOMAC stiffness, and K-WOMAC function than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: When strengthening the knee joint extensor muscles using resistance exercise equipment in TKR patients, the provision of a pressure biofeedback unit was found to improve walking ability and knee joint function by inducing concentric-eccentric contraction of the knee joint extensor muscles. Therefore, the study shows that exercise based on the provision of a pressure biofeedback unit should be considered when strengthening knee joint extensor muscles to improve the walking ability and knee joint function of TKR patients in clinical practice.

Purpose : This study aimed to compare the effects of Kinesio taping and non-elastic taping on wrist pain, range of motion (ROM), grip strength, and wrist function among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses. Methods : This quasi-experimental study used a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design to compare a Kinesio taping group with a non-elastic taping group. Data were collected between April 10 and May 16, 2025. Fifty participants were included in the final analysis, with 26 in the experimental group and 24 in the control group. Results : There were significant group-by-time interaction effects for wrist pain (F = 6.65, p = .001) and wrist flexion ROM (F = 3.15, p = .035), indicating greater improvements over time in the Kinesio taping group than in the control group. No significant group-by-time interaction effects were observed for grip strength (F = 0.32, p = .730) and wrist function (F = 1.17, p = .318). Conclusion : This study demonstrates that Kinesio taping is an effective intervention for reducing wrist pain and improving ROM among ICU nurses with wrist pain. The application of Kinesio taping may help reduce the musculoskeletal burden and support stable work performance in ICU clinical settings.

역할 기반 접근제어 모델은 접근 권한이 역할(role)에 부여되고 사용자는 적절한 역할에 소속됨으로서 역할의 수행에 필요한 최소 자원만을 접근할 수 있도록 한다. 본 논문에서는 RBAC의 중요한 논점 중에 하나인 위임의 문제를 권한 위임, 관리, 감독에 있어 실제 기업에서 이루어지는 사용자 수준에서 기능단위로 적용하는 새로운 모델을 제안한다. 위임을 기능단위로 하면 역할을 직접 위임하는 기존의 방식보다 위임으로 인한 권한 적용 오류를 최소화된다. 또한 위임에 따른 보안문제를 감독하기 위해 승인부분을 추가하였다

With role-based access control, acces decisions are based on the roles that individual users have as part of an organization. In this paper, we propose a new RBAC model that a user delegate a permission to another user with function-unit for practical organization. A function-unit delegation is more safe than existing delegations on RBAC model. And FuRBAC model has a authentication to supervise security problems.

This paper presents the optimization steps with weight and importance of estimated characteristic values in the multiresponse surface analysis(MRA). The research introduces the shape parameter of individual desirability function for relaxation and tighening of specification bounds. The study also proposes the combinded desirability function using arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means considering the measurement unit and numerical pattern.

본 연구의 목적은 전문대학을 중심으로 회계·감사와 세무 직무에 필요한 능력단위요소를 분석하여 세무회계관련 학과의 교육과정에 반영하고자하는 것이다. 세무회계 산업체의 능력중심 인재양성 요구에 미스매칭하지 않는 회계사무원의 양성·배출을 위한 NCS에 기반한 회계·감사와 세무 직무의 교육과정을 연구한다. 산업체, 교수, 졸업생들에게 직업능력요소의 업무중요도와 교육필요도의 인지도에 대한 연구이다. NCS 기반으로 개발된 회계·감사와 세무 직무의 11개 능력단위와 43개 능력단위요소를 5점척도로 측정하였다. 측정결과 그 순위를 분석하였고 산업체, 교수, 졸업생 집단 간의 인지도 차이를 비교 분석하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 첫째, 업무의 중요도와 교육필요도에는 결산관리, 부가가치세 신고, 전표관리 순으로 가장 중요하다고 분석되었고, 지방세신고, 원가계산, 세무정보시스템운용, 자금관리 순으로 인지도가 낮았다. 둘째, 능력단위요소 중 업무중요도와 교육필요도가 높은 능력단위요소는 ‘부가가치세신고하기, 결산분개하기, 재무제표작성하기, 회계프로그램운용하기, 법인세신고하기, 근로소득연말정산하기, 회계상 거래인식하기, 부가가치세부속서류작성하기, 세금계산서발급·수취하기, 사업소득세무조정하기, 세무관련 전표등록하기’로 분석되었다. 그리고 능력단위요소 중 업무중요도와 교육필요도가 낮은 능력단위요소는 ‘회계 관련 DB마스터 관리하기, 배당소득원천징수하기, 배당소득원천징수하기, 연금소득 원천징수하기, 기타소득 원천징수하기, 주민세신고하기, 취득세신고하기, 원가정보 활용하기, 마스터데이터관리하기, 비거주자 국내원천소득 원천징수하기, 이자소득원천징수하기, 보고서조회·출력하기’로 분석되었다. 직업기초능력의 업무중요도와 교육필요도는 정보능력, 문제해결능력, 조직이해능력 순으로 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 그리고 수리능력, 기술능력, 자기개발능력, 대인관계능력은 업무중요도와 교육필요도는 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 이 연구 결과를 통해 얻을 수 있는 시사점은 NCS에 기반한 회계·감사와 세무의 직무를 수행하는 세무회계관련 교육과정개발, 교과목 세분화, 교과명세서를 작성할 시 우선순위와 가중치를 두어야 한다는 것이다.

The objective of this study is to reflect competency unit element, required in accounting·auditing and tax function, into tax accounting related curriculum by analyzing the competency unit element. This paper is a research on awareness of the industry, professors and graduates about significance of task and necessity of education, in order to develop an accounting·auditing and tax function education program based on NCS, which is for training and turning out professionals suited for requirements of competency-based talent development in the tax accounting. In overall, the following is the overview of the paper: Firstly, regarding the significance of task and necessity of education, settlementing of accounts, report of value added tax, slip management was analyzed to be the utmost important, followed by report of value added tax, then slip management. Also, the awareness was ranked in order of report of local tax, cost accounting, tax information system use, fund management. Secondly, competency unit elements with high significance of task and necessity of education are 'report of value added tax, closing journaling, reporting of financial statement, using of account program, paymenting of corporate tax, addfaring of earned income, accounting cognitive, reporting of tax annex, issuing and receiving of tax invoice, adjusting of business income tax'. In a nutshell, the paper suggests that in order to draw up tax and accounting related curriculum development, open a curriculum subject, curriculum subject statement for executing accounting·auditing and tax function based on NCS, prioritization and weighing of importance is necessary.

현재 행정정보 데이터세트 기록관리 실행방안은 마련되었으나 약 1.3%(EA 포털 등록 시스템: 16,199개, 컨설팅 시스템: 214개)의 사례를 적용하여 다양한 행정정보시스템에 대한 특수성을 분석하고 합리적 수준의 관리기준표를 작성하기에는 한계가 있다. 본 연구는 행정정보 데이터세트에 있어 기록관리 환경의 중요성을 인식하는 것에서 출발하였 다. 의료영상저장전송시스템(PACS)의 관리기준표 6개 영역을 세 개의 그룹으로 나누고 기술(description)된 정보를 기초로 현재의 기록관리 환경을 분석하였다. 그 결과 현장에서 데이터세트 기록관리의 효과를 높이기 위한 체계적인 환경개선 모델을 제안하였다. 다양한 기관의 데이터세트 기록관리 환경 중 하나의 사례 분석이라는 한계는 있으나 기록관리 연구의 지평을 넓히는데 도움이 되고자 한다.

Currently, an implementation plan of administrative information dataset record management has been prepared; however, analyzing the specificity of various administrative information systems and preparing a reasonable level of management reference table by applying about 1.3% (EA portal registration system: 16,199, consulting system: 214) has its limitations. This study started by recognizing the importance of the records management environment in administrative information datasets. Based on the described information, the current records management environment was analyzed by dividing the six areas of the management reference table of the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) into three groups. Thus, a systematic environmental improvement model was proposed, enhancing the effectiveness of dataset records management in the field. Although there is a limitation in analyzing one of the dataset records management environments of various institutions, it is intended to help broaden the horizons of records management research.

본 고에서는 전자인사관시스템 데이터세트의 관리기준표 작성 절차와 방법, 참여 기관의 역할, 관리기 준표 영역별 작성 내용 등을 기록관담당자 입장에서 분석하여 관리기준표를 수립해야하는 업무담당자 의 이해를 돕고, 기준표 작성 과정 중에 나타난 문제점을 바탕으로 개선방안을 제시하였다. 주요 개선방안으로, 국가적 중요 행정정보 데이터세트에 대해서는 영구기록물관리기관 차원의 별도 선별 정책이 마련되어야 하고 일부가 아닌 전체 데이터세트를 보존하는 방식으로 운영되어야 하겠다. 또 단위기능 설정과 데이터 분석을 위해 단위기능-데이터테이블-비정형데이터 매핑 자료를 필수작성 사항으로 설정할 필요가 있으며 시스템 운영에 큰 영향을 미치는 비정형데이터에 대한 선별, 관리 기준이 추가로 작성되어야 하겠다. 처분지연기간을 설정하는 것은 보존기간의 복잡성을 증가시키는 측면이 있으므로 관련 단위기능의 통합 또는 보존기간 상향 책정 등의 방식으로 운영하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단된다.

The study seeks to analyze the procedures and methods of preparing the records management reference table of the electronic human resource management system dataset, the roles of participating organizations, and the contents of each management reference table area from the records manager’s perspective to help the person in charge of establishing the management reference table. Improvement plans were suggested based on the problems that appeared during the process of preparing the reference table. As a major improvement plan, a separate selecting policy at the level of the national archives should be designed for the national important dataset records in the government information system, which should be operated such that it preserves the entire dataset rather than a part. It is necessary to set the unit function-data table-unstructured data mapping data as mandatory items, and the selection and management criteria for unstructured data that significantly influence system operation should be additionally prepared. Regarding the setting of the disposition delay period, because there is an aspect of increasing complexity, it is deemed desirable to operate it by integrating related unit functions or setting the retention period longer.

Central motion techniques are to mention the central-motion by the limpness motion function and limpness sensory unit function on the body. Central body motion is consisted of the limpness central function by the central body system. To evaluate the signal of central body motion, we are investigated a limpness value of the central function by the central body function on the static state. The concept of limpness motion function was checked the reference of limpness motion signal and limpness sensory signal by the central motion body. For assessment on the limpness sensory variation of the maximum and average in terms of central motion from the static function, and limpness value that was a limpness value of the vision condition of the Vi-λMAX-AVG with 8.71±-3.2 units, that was a limpness value of the vestibular condition of the Ve-λMAX-AVG with 3.05±-6.52 units, that was a limpness value of the somatosensory condition of the So-λ MAX-AVG with 2.4±1.9 units. The static sensory motion was made mention of check out at the condition of the limpness sensory unit motion for the comparable values of limpness central motion that was expressed the analysis capacity by the limpness nerve system. Limpness sensory system will be to propose of the minute motion by static central motion situation and was to imply a limpness motion data of static body sensory function.

본 논문은 수학문제해결 과정에서 고등학교 1학년 학생들이 공통적으로 범하는 실수 즉 오류를 분석을 통하여 수학의 교수학습방법의 보완을 위한 범례를 제시하고자 한다. 교사들에게 제공되는 학생들의 수학적 지식에 대한 이해 정도 및 쉽게 빠지는 오류, 수학문제에 접근하는 방법 및 잘못된 해결 전략 등의 정보는 대체로 학생들의 오류를 분석함으로써 얻어질 수 있다. 실제로 많은 학생들이 고교수학을 어렵게 느끼는데 그 중 특히 ‘함수’문제에서 막연한 어려움과 부담감을 느끼며 함수와 관련된 문제풀이에서 많은 실패를 겪고 있다. 구체적으로 본 연구에서는 고등학교 1학년 학생들의 함수단원 문제해결 과정에서 보이는 오류를 분석하여 함수단원 수학문제해결능력을 키우고자 충남의 ○○고등학교 1학년 학생 90명을 대상으로 함수단원 8문제로 구성된 검사지를 풀게 하고 그것을 토대로 오류를 분석하였다. 그 결과 학생들의 오류에서 몇 가지 공통적인 패턴이 있음을 발견하고 이것을 7가지 오류 분류 패턴을 설정하고 이를 분석하여 이를 보완할 수 있는 방법을 탐구하였다. 본 연구에서 나타난 결과를 토대로 학교현장에 투입하여 수학교육의 개선에 도움이 되길 기대한다.

The purpose of mathematics education is to develop the ability of transforming various problems in general situations into mathematics problems and then solving the problem mathematically. Various teaching-learning methods for improving the ability of the mathematics problem-solving can be tried. However, it is necessary to choose an appropriate teaching-learning method after figuring out students' level of understanding the mathematics learning or their problem-solving strategies. The error analysis is helpful for mathematics learning by providing teachers more efficient teaching strategies and by letting students know the cause of failure and then find a correct way. The following subjects were set up and analyzed. First, the error classification pattern was set up. Second, the errors in the solving process of the function problems were analyzed according to the error classification pattern.

The teaching-learning method utilizing Web makes it possible for the students take the initiative in any field and offers the teaching strategy, methodology and teaching-learning materials suitable for students' ability and standard. The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of WBI in mathematics class for the effective teaching and learning focusing on the unit 'Function' in the 1st grade of middle school and verify its effectiveness by developing the WBI programs which can progress learning achievement and applying them to math class. Two hypotheses were established for this study. Hypothesis 1 : There will be meaningful difference between the group that studies under WBI and the one that doesn't, Hypothesis 2 : There will be meaningful difference in the attitude and interest toward learning between the group that studies under WBI and the one that doesn't. In order to find out the result, I have made a comparative analysis through t-verification on the object of two classes of the 1st grade in P middle school that I have been working for. The result shows that the class utilizing WBI is more effective than the traditional lecture-oriented class since there is a meaningful difference between the control group and experimental one and also that the class based on WEB has a great influence on students' interest and positive attitude toward math class.

이 연구는 대학기록의 효율적 관리와 편리한 이용을 위해 구축되어 있는 기록관리체계를 조사하여 분석하였다. 전남대학교 의 기록물 현황, 단위업무, 기능과 조직에 대해 분석하였다. 그 결과 전남대학교 단위업무는 127개 처리과에 1,625개의 단위업무로 이루어진다. 교육과 관련된 단위업무가 85.91%를 차지하고 있다. 문제점으로는 단위업무 불균형적으로 편성되어 있다. 특정 분야에 단위업무가 너무 많거나 적은 것은 업무 분석 및 분류에 있어서 문제점을 내포하고 있다고 할 수 있다. 그리고 대학기능 분류가 불균형적으로 편성되어 있다. 대학에서 연구 분야에 대한 기능 분류는 적은 반면, 행정 분야에 대한 기능 분류가 세분화 되어 있다. 조직에 대한 기능과 업무가 적절하게 편성되어야 효율적인 기록물관리가 될 것이다.

This study is analyzed by examining the records management systems that are built to use comfortably and manage the records of universities efficiently. This paper analyzed the current status of the records in Chonnam National University (CNU), unit task, function, and organization. As a result, CNU has 127 sections that treat 1,625 unit tasks. The unit task involved in education accounts for 85.91%. The problem is that unit tasks are not organized unequally. It can seem to include some problems in classification and analysis of work when unit tasks are even, more or less, in a particular area. Functional classification in universities are also unequally organized. In universities, functional classification in the field of administration is detailed, while functional classification in the field of research is small in quantity. A more efficient records management will be done if work and function about organization are formed appropriately.

본 논문은 다양한 보안방어 정책과 기기들이 산재해 있으나, 이를 표준화하여, 각 방어정책의 특성과 방어기법을 새롭게 정의함으로써 기존 네트워크 인프라 구현을 포함한 새로운 보안정책 도입 및 추가 구현 시 관리자 또는 사용자가 손쉽게 정책을 추가하고 바로 적용 가능하도록 각 보안 분야별 정책과 기기를 명세 보고서화 하는데 의의가 있다. 따라서 하나의 네트워크 보안기기를 기반으로 부여 가능한 정책들을 분류하는 ONSU-MF(One Network Security Unit-Multi Function)기법과 하나의 보안기기로 다양한 보안방안을 구현하는 OSD-MD(One Security Device-Multi Defense)기법으로 구분하고 이를 통합한 표준화 구현기법을 통해 향후 네트워크 보안 인프라 개선 메커니즘을 제안코자 한다.

This study is meaningful in that it standardizes various security and defense policies and devices, newly defines characteristics of defense policies and defense techniques, and specify and report various kinds of security polities and devices in order for administrators or users to add and apply the policies when introducing new security policies including the implementation of existing network infra and applying additionally. Therefore, this study aims to divide the policies into ONSU-MF(One Network Security Unit-Multi Function) that classifies one network security device-based policies and OSD-MD(One Security Device-Multi Defense), which implements various security methods by using one security device, and suggest network security infra improvement mechanism through the standardization implementation technique integrating the two methods.

Background: We developed a novel evaluation for delirium and cognitive function named Jikei Command following Scale (JCoS). The objective of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the JCoS. Methods: JCoS consists of 8 subitems (1, hand holding and releasing; 2, plantar dorsiflexion; 3, eye opening and closing; 4, visual pursuit; 5, mouth opening; 6, neck movement; 7, two-step command; and 8, movement sustainment). Fifty patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) participated in this study. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of JCoS total score was used for internal consistency. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC case 2) was used for inter-examiner reliability. The kappa coefficients for each subitem score were calculated. Concurrent validity was examined by correlation with Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU) and intensive care delirium screening checklist (ICDSC). Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) 2 weeks after leaving the ICU was used for predictive validity. Results: The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the JCoS Score was 0.967. The ICC (2,1) of the JCoS Score was 0.933. The kappa coefficients of each subitem were 0.668 for 1, 0.534 for 2, 0.346 for 3, 0.721 for 4, 0.474 for 5, 0.625 for 6, 0.724 for 7, and 0.709 for 8. Correlation coefficient between JCoS and the ICDSC was ?0.843, and the correlation ratio between JCoS and CAM-ICU was ?0.881. Correlation coefficient between JCoS and MMSE was 0.632. Conclusions: These results suggest that JCoS has sufficient reliability and validity for evaluating about delirium and cognitive function in ICU.

We consider a different version of Schwarz Lemma for λ-spirallike function of complex order at the boundary of the unit disc D. We estimate the modulus of the angular derivative of the function $\frac{zf^{\prime}(z)}{f(z)}$ from below for λ-spirallike function f(z) of complex order at the boundary of the unit disc D by taking into account the zeros of the function f(z)-z which are different from zero. We also estimate the same function with the second derivatives of the function f at the points z = 0 and z = z₀ ≠ 0. We show the sharpness of these estimates and present examples.

We have designed High Performance Prism LGP in 17 inch TFT-LCD. In test result to embody high brightness BLU in case of LGP of base and upper surface with 17 inch, thickness 8mm adding prism construct, it is superior brightness improvement than previous that of printing form about some 20% and in this course to embody actual material it succeeded prism LGP production by 17 inch injection form process.

한국천문연구원에서는 한국우주전파관측망(Korean VLBI Network: KVN)을 위한 전파영상합성기(상관기) 개발을 진행하고 있다. 전파관측 VLBI 시스템 중 상관기(Correlater) 시스템의 한 구성요소로서 데이터 입력 부분에 각 관측 사이트의 데이터를 사전 처리하는 Station Unit(SU)이 있다. VLBI 시스템에서, 디지털화된 데이터의 다중채널은 테이프 또는 하드디스크에 다중트랙 형태로 인코딩된다. 이 SU의 주요기능은 다중트랙으로부터 인코딩된 데이터를 디코딩하고, 마치 기록되지 않은 것과 같이 채널기반의 샘플 스트림으로 이 데이터를 복원하는 것이다. 이 기능을 원활하게 수행하기 위해서, SU는 논리적으로 재생기 시스템과 함께 시스템이 통합될 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 전파 천문 VLBI 시스템 중 SU의 기능과 구조에 대해 고찰하고자 한다.

In this paper, a Inter-Working Function Unit(IWF) has been developed and designed in order to change to advanced subscriber system the Remote Subscriber System(RSS) that is operating with simple services(PSTN Function only). Regarding the cost and the effectiveness, RSS should be connected to Access Subscriber System with PCM cables directly. As this method being used, in the period of Retrofit, the connecting job covering RSS will be handled easily and safely.