Earticle

본 연구는 기계학습의 키워드 출현 빈도 분석과 CONCOR(CONvergence of iteration CORrealtion) 기법을 통한 ICT 교육에 대한 흐름을 탐색한다. 2018년부터 현재까지의 등재지 이상의 논문을 ‘ICT 교육’의 키워드로 구글 스칼라에서 304개 검색하였고, 체계적 문헌 리뷰 절차에 따라 ICT 교육과 관련이 높은 60편의 논문을 선정하면서, 논문의 제목과 요약을 중심으로 키워드를 추출하였다. 단어 빈도 및 지표 데이터는 자연어 처리의 TF-IDF를 통한 빈도 분석, 동시 출현 빈도의 단 어를 분석하여 출현 빈도가 높은 49개의 중심어를 추출하였다. 관계의 정도는 단어 간의 연결 구조와 연결 정도 중심성을 분 석하여 검증하였고, CONCOR 분석을 통해 유사성을 가진 단어들로 구성된 군집을 도출하였다. 분석 결과 첫째, ‘교육’, ‘연 구’, ‘결과’, ‘활용’, ‘분석’이 주요 키워드로 분석되었다. 둘째, 교육을 키워드로 N-GRAM 네트워크 그래프를 진행한 결과 ‘교 육과정’, ‘활용’이 가장 높은 단어의 관계로 나타났다. 셋째, 교육을 키워드로 군집분석을 한 결과, ‘교육과정’, ‘프로그래밍’, ‘학생’, ‘향상’, ‘정보’의 5개 군이 형성되었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 ICT 교육 동향의 분석 및 트렌드 파악을 토대로 ICT 교육에 필요한 실질적인 연구를 수행할 수 있을 것이다.

In this study, trends in ICT education were investigated by analyzing the frequency of appearance of keywords related to machine learning and using conversion of iteration correction(CONCOR) techniques. A total of 304 papers from 2018 to the present published in registered sites were searched on Google Scalar using “ICT education” as the keyword, and 60 papers pertaining to ICT education were selected based on a systematic literature review. Subsequently, keywords were extracted based on the title and summary of the paper. For word frequency and indicator data, 49 keywords with high appearance frequency were extracted by analyzing frequency, via the term frequency-inverse document frequency technique in natural language processing, and words with simultaneous appearance frequency. The relationship degree was verified by analyzing the connection structure and centrality of the connection degree between words, and a cluster composed of words with similarity was derived via CONCOR analysis. First, “education,” “research,” “result,” “utilization,” and “analysis” were analyzed as main keywords. Second, by analyzing an N-GRAM network graph with “education” as the keyword, “curriculum” and “utilization” were shown to exhibit the highest correlation level. Third, by conducting a cluster analysis with “education” as the keyword, five groups were formed: “curriculum,” “programming,” “student,” “improvement,” and “information.” These results indicate that practical research necessary for ICT education can be conducted by analyzing ICT education trends and identifying trends.

Background: The rapid growth of the aging population has increased the demand for technologies related to muscle health, assessment, prevention, and functional support. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze technology trends in muscle-related innovations using natural language processing and machine learning applied to South Korean patent and utility model data. Study design: Descriptive study using unsupervised machine learning. Methods: A total of 2,836 records were analyzed using combined title and abstract texts. Semantic embeddings were generated using Sentence-BERT, followed by dimensionality reduction with Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection and clustering with Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (HDBSCAN). Keywords for each cluster were extracted using term frequency-inverse document frequency, and annual filing patterns were examined to identify the trends. Results: Two dominant macro-domains were identified, including a Wearable and Sensor Technology domain (n=1,695) and a Biological and Preventive Technology domain (n=903). HDBSCAN yielded substantially better cluster validity, with a silhouette coefficient of 0.610 and Davies-Bouldin index of 0.525. Within these macro-domains, sub-domains related to stem cell and regenerative therapy, functional food and bioactive extracts, antibody and antiviral therapeutics, aging and sarcopenia mechanisms, and massage devices were identified. Conclusions: These findings provide an overview of muscle-related technology development and demonstrate the value of machine learning-based patent text analysis for technology landscape mapping and innovation assessment.

Purpose: This study provides an updated analysis of research trends in the Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science (JKBNS) by examining changes in publication volume, methodological approaches, and thematic evolution among articles published between 2011 and 2025. Methods: Retrospective descriptive and bibliometric analyses were conducted on 537 articles published in JKBNS. Publication characteristics and statistical methods were summarized, and annual trends were examined. Keyword co-occurrence networks were generated using VOSviewer, and changes in research topics over time were explored using burst keyword analysis based on abstract-derived keywords. Results: Annual publication volume fluctuated but increased markedly in recent years, rising from 35 articles in 2024 to 58 articles in 2025. A language crossover occurred in 2024, when English-language articles (n = 19, 54.3%) exceeded Korean-language articles (n = 16, 45.7%); this predominance of English-language articles became more evident in 2025 (n = 36, 62.1%). Adult patients were the most common study population (n = 127, 23.7%). Analysis of variance was the most frequently used statistical method (n = 236, 43.9%), followed by linear regression (n = 84, 15.6%) and logistic regression (n = 59, 11.0%). Burst keyword analysis highlighted recent increases in aging- and health behavior-related terms. Co-occurrence mapping identified interconnected thematic areas spanning health behavior and risk, nursing knowledge and practice, and biologically oriented research. Conclusion: Between 2011 and 2025, JKBNS demonstrated growth in publication volume, a shift toward English-language articles, and evolving research topics, while maintaining thematic continuity with its biological orientation.

본 연구는 세월호 참사(2014–2023)와 관련된 언론보도의 10년간 동향을 분석하여, 재난보도에서 언론의 역할과 책임을 재조명하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 네이버 포털에서 수집한 총 89,592건의 뉴스 기사를 대상으로 토픽모델링을 적용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 초기 보도는 구조 활동, 희생자 추모, 책임 규명과 관련된 입법 및 사법 논의 등 사실 중심의 보도가 주를 이루었다. 중기에는 참사를 기리는 예술적 활동과 진상규명을 요구하는 시민단체의 활동으로 관심이 확대되었으며, 다양한 논쟁이 함께 나타났다. 후기에는 세월호 참사가 5·18 민주화운동, 가습기 살균제 사건 등 다른 주요 사회적 사건들과 연계되어 보도되면서, 연대와 집단기억의 주제가 점차 부각되었다. 이러한 결과는 재난보도가 정치적 책임 공방 중심에서 피해자, 시민 연대, 사회적 치유를 강조하는 담론으로 발전해왔음을 시사하며, 언론의 역할과 책임에 대한 성찰적 접근의 필요성을 제기한다.

This study examines ten-year trends (2014–2023) in media coverage of the Sewol Ferry disaster to reassess the role and responsibility of the media in disaster reporting. A total of 89,592 news articles collected from the Naver portal were analysed using topic modelling. The results indicate that early coverage predominantly focused on factual reporting, including rescue operations, victim commemoration, and legal and legislative debates over responsibility. During the middle period, media attention expanded to artistic forms of commemoration and civic group activities demanding truth-finding, alongside the emergence of various controversies. In the later period, coverage of the Sewol Ferry disaster increasingly intersected with other major social issues, such as the May 18 Democratic Movement and the humidifier disinfectant case, highlighting growing themes of solidarity and collective memory. Overall, these findings suggest that disaster reporting has evolved from political blame-centred framing toward narratives that emphasise victims, civic solidarity, and social healing, underscoring the importance of a more reflective approach to the role and responsibility of the media.

The aim of this study was to systematically review the scientific literature describing the effects of water-based exercise on pain and physical function in older, community-dwelling women with osteoarthritis in South Korea. Older people often experience osteoarthritis, which is characterized by reduced muscle and bone density; water-based exercise has been used to reduce pain and improve physical function in these individuals. Despite evidence from many countries supporting the benefits of water- based exercise for alleviating osteoarthritis, there is no collated information on this topic in South Koreans or on medical insurance coverage for water-based exercise programs in South Korea. The PubMed, SCOPUS, Korea Science Korean Studies Service System, National Assembly Library of Korea, and Research Information Sharing Service databases and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) were systematically searched for relevant studies published between January1995 and December 2016. The following search terms were used: ‘water exercise’, ‘older’, ‘osteoarthritis’, ‘ pain’, ‘physical function’, and ‘South Korea’. Study quality was determined by using the PEDro scale. Seven of the 256 retrieved articles met the inclusion criteria. Analysis of the results of the selected studies indicated that water-based exercise reduced pain and improved physical function in older, community-dwelling women with osteoarthritis in South Korea. This review documents the positive effects of water-based exercise on osteoarthritis-related pain and physical function in older women in South Korea. The findings presented indicate that water-based exercise could be helpful for older women with osteoarthritis and should be considered as a means of reducing pain and increasing physical function in standard clinical research programs.

강우량은 홍수 예방 및 가뭄 관리를 비롯한 수자원의 효과적인 관리를 위해 무엇보다 중요하다. 더욱이 기후변화의 영향으로 장래 수자원의 변동은 인간 생활에 매우 심각한 영향을 미칠 것으로 예측되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 안동댐 유역에 대한 42년간(1977~2018년)의 연강우량, 월강우량 및 월 최대강우량에 대한 경향분석을 실시하였다. 통계방법에는 모수적 검정과 비모수적 검정이 있다. 강우량과 같이 특정 확률분포를 따른다고 전제할 수 없는 경우 비모수적 검정을 사용한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 비모수적 방법 중 강우량 추세분석을 위해 널리 사용되는 Mann-Kendall 검정 방법을 사용하였다. Mann-Kendall 검정 결과 유의수준 5%(0.05) 이내로 10월강우량과 7월 최대강우량은 증 가경향이 확인되었다. 또한 유의수준 10% 이내에서 8월 최대강우량은 감소하는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 특정 유역에서 발생하는 물부족과 홍수관리를 비롯한 수자원관리의 장기적 계획 을 수립하고자 할 때 매우 유용할 것으로 생각된다.

Rainfall has become a primary concern for flood control and effective water resources management. It is predicted that the reduction of available water resources due to climate change will exert a severe influence on human life. This study conducted a trend analysis on the annual rainfall, monthly rainfall, and monthly maximum rainfall at Andong Dam basin for 42 years from 1977 to 2018. Statistical hypothesis tests were performed by a nonparametric test because the rainfall data do not follow a particular probability distribution. This study utilized the Mann-Kendall test, one of the commonly used nonparametric testing methods, in order to analyze the rainfall trend variations. It is confirmed that the October rainfall and July maximum rainfall show an increasing trend according to the 5% confidence level. In addition, the August maximum rainfall reveals a decreasing trend according to the 10% confidence level.

목적: 이 연구는 국내외 바디페인팅 연구의 주요 키워드 및 연구 동향을 비교·분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 방법: 이를 위해 국내 학술지 논문 71편과 해외 학술지 논문 54편을 선정하고, 텍스트 마이닝 분석을 수행하였다. 연구의 신뢰성을 확보하기 위해 텍스트 전처리 과정을 수행하였고, 국내 논문에서는 총 18,456개의 토큰(token)과 2,387개의 타입(type)이 확인되었으며, 해외 논문에서는 6,562개의 토큰과 1,558개의 타입이 도출되었다. 결과: 시계열 분석 결과, 초기에는 예술적 기법과 표현 중심의 연구가 주를 이루 었으나, 이후 피부 안전성 및 독성 평가 연구가 증가하였으며, 최근에는 디지털 기술과의 융합 연구가 활발하게 이루어지는 추세를 보였다. 공출현 네트워크 분석에서는 국내 연구가 색채 및 미용 관련 개념과 강한 연관성을 보이는 반면, 해외 연구에서는 교육 및 과학적 응용 분야와의 연계성이 두드러졌다. U-Matrix 분석 결과, 국내 연구에서는 색채 및 미용 관련 개념들이 하나의 밀집된 클 러스터를 형성하며, 바디페인팅이 색조 화장 및 뷰티 메이크업의 연장선에서 연구되는 경향이 나타났다. 반면, 해외 연구에서는 바 디페인팅이 교육적·산업적 응용을 중심으로 연구되고 있음을 보여준다. 다차원 척도법(MDS) 분석에서는 국내 연구가 뷰티 산업과 의 연계를 강조하며 예술적 서사를 중심으로 연구가 진행되는 경향을 보였으며, 해외 연구는 바디페인팅을 교육적 도구 및 과학적 연구와의 융합을 중심으로 연구하는 패턴이 확인되었다. 결론: 국내외 바디페인팅 연구의 주요 키워드 및 연구 동향을 비교·분석함 으로써, 바디페인팅 연구의 학문적 차이를 규명하고 뷰티 산업에서의 실용적 확장 가능성을 제시하였다는 점에서 중요한 의의를 가 진다. 특히, 국내 연구가 뷰티 및 패션 산업과의 연계를 중심으로 발전하고 있는 반면, 해외 연구는 바디페인팅을 교육·의료·과학적 응용 분야로 확장하려는 경향을 보인다는 점에서, 미용 산업에서 바디페인팅 기술의 활용 가능성을 더욱 확대하는 후속 연구가 필 요함을 시사한다.

Purpose: Given the burgeoning interdisciplinary nature of body painting, which interfaces with domains such as beauty science, medical education, and material science, a systematic investigation of research trends in this area is warranted. The present study sought to comparatively analyze the trends in domestic and international body painting research utilizing text mining methodologies. Methods: Altogether, 71 domestic and 54 international journal articles were systematically retrieved from major academic databases, comprising 18,456 tokens and 2,387 types in domestic research and 6,562 tokens and 1,558 types in international studies. Text mining techniques, including time-series analysis, U-Matrix clustering, and multidimensional scaling (MDS), were employed to analyze keyword frequency, cooccurrence networks, and thematic clusters. Results: The time-series analysis showed a shift from artistic techniques to safety, toxicity, and digital applications. The cooccurrence network analysis revealed strong associations between beauty-related terms in domestic research, whereas the international studies emphasized education and material sciences. U-Matrix clustering demonstrated a dense beauty-focused cluster in domestic studies and more dispersed cluster in international research. MDS confirmed the commercial focus of domestic research and the interdisciplinary nature of international studies. Conclusions: The present study highlights the divergence in body-painting research, with domestic and international studies prioritizing beauty applications and interdisciplinary integrations, respectively. The study findings suggest a growing need to explore the potential of body painting beyond esthetics, incorporating scientific and technological advancements.

目的: 鉴于人体彩绘的跨学科性质日益凸显，并与美容科学、医学教育和材料科学等领域相交叉，有必要对该领 域的研究趋势进行系统性的研究。本研究旨在利用文本挖掘方法，比较分析国内外人体彩绘研究的趋势。方法: 从主要学术数据库中系统检索了71篇国内期刊文章和54篇国际期刊文章，其中国内研究包含18,456个词条和 2,387个类型，国际研究包含6,562个词条和1,558个类型。采用文本挖掘技术，包括时间序列分析、U矩阵聚类 和多维尺度分析(MDS)，分析关键词频率、共现网络和主题聚类。结果: 时间序列分析显示，研究重点从艺术技 巧转向安全性、毒性和数字应用。共现网络分析显示，国内研究中与美容相关的术语之间存在很强的关联，而 国际研究则侧重于教育和材料科学。U-Matrix聚类分析显示，国内研究中以美容为重点的聚类较为密集，而国 际研究中的聚类则较为分散。MDS证实了国内研究的商业化倾向和国际研究的跨学科性质。结论: 本研究凸显了 人体彩绘研究的分歧：国内研究侧重于美学应用，国际研究则侧重于跨学科融合。研究结果表明，人们越来越 需要探索人体彩绘在美学之外的潜力，并融入科技进步。

This study aims to analyze the trends of qualitative research on Japanese marriage immigrant women, understand their experiences, and explore the fields to be considered in multicultural counseling. For this purpose, 26 qualitative research on Japanese marriage immigrant women were selected for analysis. As a result of the study, qualitative research targeting Japanese marriage immigrant women has been published since 2008. Academic fields were mainly researched in academic or educational areas relating to Japan. Qualitative research methods used in the literature to be analyzed consisted of six case studies and five phenomenologies. The subject of life culture was the most covered, with 15 research topics. Suggestions for these research results are as follows. First, research on Japanese marriage immigrant women needs to be expanded to encompass a broader range of subjects and targets. Second, it is necessary to develop and research a counseling program in the various fields. This study is expected to be meaningful in that it provides implications for future research directions and multicultural counseling on multiculturalism in Korean society.

본 연구는 여가 교육에 관한 연구동향을 분석하여, 여가 교육이 나아가야 할 방안을 제시하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 2005년부터 2024년까지 KCI등재지를 대상으로 총 135개 를 선정하여 분석하였다. 연도별, 연구전공별, 연구방법별, 연구주제별 연구로 여가교육에 대한 연구동향을 토대로 분석하였다. 연구 결과 2012년과 2018년을 전후로 여가교육에 대 한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 연구전공에서는 체육학 분야에서 가장 많이 연구가 진행이 되고 있었으며, 여가교육 측면에서는 교육학 분야에서 도 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있었다. 여가교육 연구가 후반으로 갈수록 각학문적 융복합적 인 연구가 진행되고 있음을 살필 수 있었다. 연구방법에서는 양적연구가 많이 이루어져 있어서 향후 질적연구 및 혼합연구를 통해 다양한 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다. 연구주제 는 크게 네 가지 관점으로 분류되었다. 첫째, 진지한 여가는 자아실현과 몰입을 통해 삶의 의미를 탐색하는 교육적 여가로 강조되었다. 둘째, 공동체 구성 및 사회성 발달은 여가교 육이 사회적 유대감 형성, 정서적 교류, 사회참여 확대에 기여함을 보여준다. 셋째, 심리적 안정 관점은 여가가 정서적 회복과 자존감, 회복탄력성 향상에 효과적임을 입증하였다. 넷 째, 실천적 정보제공 및 기술 습득은 여가활동이 생존 수영, 헬스케어, 디지털 기술 등 실 제 삶의 역량 강화로 연결됨을 강조한다. 본 연구는 여가교육이 단순한 활동 참여를 넘어 서 삶의 실 향상, 사회적 자본 구축, 심리적 안녕, 실천적 기술 습득이라는 다층적 의미를 갖는다는 점을 밝혔다. 여가교육이 개인적 웰빙을 넘어 사회적 관계망 강화와 생활기술 함 양의 장으로 기능하고 있음을 시사한다. 이에 따라 여가교육은 통합적이고 지속가능한 교 육 영역으로 자리매김해야 하며, 향후 연구는 질적 접근 확대, 대상별 맞춤형 프로그램 개 발, 정책적 기반 마련이 필요함을 제언하였다. 이 연구는 여가교육의 이론적 정립과 실천 적 확산을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

This study analyzes research trends in leisure education and proposes directions for future development. A total of 135 KCI-indexed articles published between 2005 and 2024 were reviewed and coded by year, academic field, method, and thematic focus. The results show pronounced growth in publications around 2012 and again near 2018. Disciplinarily, work is concentrated in physical education, with notable expansion into education, welfare, and culture/arts as the field becomes increasingly interdisciplinary. Methodologically, quantitative designs predominate, indicating the need to broaden qualitative and mixed-methods inquiries to capture lived experience and practice. Thematically, four perspectives structure the corpus: (1) Serious leisure, emphasizing identity formation, immersion, and meaning-making; (2) Community building and social development, highlighting social bonding, affective exchange, and civic participation; (3) Psychological stability, evidencing effects on emotional recovery, self-esteem, and resilience; and (4) Practical information and skill acquisition, linking leisure activities to applied competencies such as survival swimming, health care, and digital literacies. Overall, leisure education emerges as a multilayered educational arena that advances quality of life, social capital, mental well-being, and everyday capabilities. The study recommends expanding qualitative/mixed methods, designing population-specific programs, and strengthening policy infrastructures to consolidate leisure education as an integrated and sustainable domain. These findings provide baseline evidence for theoretical consolidation and practical diffusion of leisure education.

In recent decades, the increasing frequency and severity of wildfires driven by climate change and other factors have led to a significant expansion of research on wildfire spread. This study presents a bibliometric analysis of wildfire spread research from 1982 to 2024. We compiled a dataset of scholarly publications and applied cluster analysis to identify major research topics. Using silhouette scores, we determined an optimal cluster number of approximately 20, and visualized the topic clusters with a two-dimensional embedding. We also analyzed publication trends over time, citation patterns, and keyword co-occurrence networks to understand the evolution and impact of each research topic. The results reveal a dramatic growth in wildfire spread studies over the past decade. We identified several distinct research clusters, including climate change impacts, fire behavior modeling, remote sensing applications, wildfire management strategies, and ecological effects of fires, among others. Some topics, such as climate-related wildfire research and remote sensing, have grown especially rapidly in recent years. Citation analysis indicates that certain longstanding research areas carry high influence, while emerging topics are gaining attention. The keyword network highlights interdisciplinary connections linking climate, ecology, and technology in wildfire research. This comprehensive overview of the wildfire spread research landscape offers insights into past developments and emerging directions, which can inform future research and policymaking in wildfire management.

After the 4th industrial revolution, smart logistics has become a hot issue, and scholars in logistics, engineering, transportation, and management are all being led by these changes. There have been an increasing number of studies on smart logistics in recent years, but the research fields of smart logistics are extensive, and it is not easy to distinguish the correlation between research directions and industries. Furthermore, smart logistics is a complex issue, and research on research trends is lacking. Therefore, to fill this research gap, this study aims to identify smart logistics research trends based on text mining and network analysis techniques using various software such as R, UCINET, and Power BI under the background of big data. Using these big data techniques, it is possible to grasp and analyze smart logistics research trends more objectively and generally. In addition, it is expected to be a good reference for future research.

본 연구는 최근 5년간의 등재지에 게재된 국내 골프산업과 관련된 연구의 동향을 살펴봄으로써, 학문의 발전이 균형있게 진행되었는지를 확인하기 위해 수행하였다. 연구방법은 2014년부터 2019년 상반기까지의 최근 5년간의 국내 에서 발표된 체육 관련된 학회지로 한국스포츠학회지 등 총11개의 학회지에서 발간된 논문 중 ‘골프’라는 키워드를 입력하여 도출된 결과의 총 논문 884편 중 본 연구목적에 맞는 골프산업과 관련된 158편을 선정하였다. 이를 통해 나타난 결과는 첫째, 골프용품과 스크린골프와 관련된 논문의 수가 각각 42편(53%)으로 가장 많았으며, 골프서비스와 관련된 논문은 35편(22.2%), 골프장운영방안은 23편(14.5%), 골프시설과 관련된 연구는 16편(10.1%)으로 나타났다. 둘째, 2014년을 시작으로 2019년 상반기까지 158편의 국내 스포츠관련 학술지의 골프 산업관련 논문들은 전체적으로 비슷한 추세를 보이고 있음을 알 수 있으며, 연도를 막론하고 꾸준한 연구가 이루어지고 있는 분야라는 것을 확인 할 수 있다. 셋째, 자료처리 방법으로 구분한 분류에 의하면, 양적연구가 130편(82.3%)으로 가장 많은 비중을 차지하고 있다. 이 외에 질적연구가 21편(13.3%), 문헌연구 7편(4.4%) 등으로 나타나 국내 스포츠관련 학술지의 골프 산업 관련 논문들에 서의 수를 활용한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으며, 절대적임을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 연구의 다양성을 추구하고 보다 세부적인 연구를 위해서 질적연구 및 문헌연구 등이 더욱 활발히 진행되어져야 할 필요성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

This study aimed to investigate the trend of the articles regarding the golf industry in South Korea, which had been published in journals for the recent five years, and determine if the research as to the golf industry was conducted in a balanced way for the purpose of academic improvement. Of 884 articles obtained with the key word, 'golf,' among those published in a total of 11 academic journals―the Korea Journal of Sport, which were related to sports in South Korea for the recent five years from 2014 to the first half of 2019, 158 articles regarding the golf industry were chosen for the purpose of this study. First, 42 articles were related to each of golf items and screen golf (53%), 35 (22.2%) were related to golf service, 23 (14.5%) were related to the methods of managing golf courses, and 16 (10.1%) were related to golf facilities. Second, the 158 articles regarding the golf industry published in the South Korean sport-related journals from 2014 to the first half of 2019 generally showed a similar trend and it was the area investigated on a steady basis, regardless of year. Third, as for the classification by data processing, quantitative research formed the largest part: 130 articles (82.3%). Besides, there were 21 articles (13.3%) of qualitative research and 7 articles (4.4%) of literature review; number-using research was actively and absolutely under way among the articles regarding the golf industry in the South Korean sport-related journals. It is therefore necessary to perform qualitative research and literature review more actively in pursuit of diversity and more detailed research.

This study aims to explore usage differences among near-synonym verbs based on COHA and GloWbE through a diachronic and synchronic trend analysis and differentiate the subtle semantic similarities and differences in the authentic usage of COCA through two analysis tools like Wmatrix 5 and NetMiner 4.0. The former shows that the overall frequency of catch is higher than that of grasp and seize from both a diachronic and synchronic perspective, and that the frequency of all three near-synonym verbs could be higher in some countries using English as their second language. The latter mainly deals with two options like semantic domains shared with all near-synonym verbs and semantic domains exclusively shared with each near-synonym verb. The results shed light on the subtle semantic similarities and differences among three near-synonym verbs according to shared or unshared relationship with the noun collocates of the corresponding semantic domains, despite a gap in the frequency size of them.