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In this study, elementary school science program, this category did not affect any troubleshooting analyzed. Thinking Science Program to buy for them in group activities by using one of the elements of a program of treatment and cognitive level effects were two kinds of research questions. 102, 5th grade four classes were involved, these two classes of the experimental group and the remaining two classes were divided into a control group. Pre-test between the two groups is compared to the level and classification problem-solving skills but the skills did not show a statistically significant difference. Thinking Science activity after application of classification and posttest the experimental group than in the control group problem solving abilities of students classified at the level of statistical significance was higher. Thinking Science program is a treatment effect for each level of analysis, tests, regardless of cognitive level was more effective. Through theses findings, Thinking Science activities 5th grade category classification problem-solving skills of students found to be effective in improving and these types of programs actively introduced in the field suggests that we need to see.

본 연구는 초등학생의 컴퓨팅 사고력 향상을 위한 교육 방법으로 스프레드시트를 활용한 데이터 과학 교육 프로그램을 개발하여 적용한 후 그 효과를 검증하였다. 교육 프로그램은 Rossett의 요구 분석 모형을 적용하여 초등학생 205명과 컴퓨터교육 전공 현직 초등교사 20명을 대상으로 실시한 사전 요구분석 결과를 바탕으로, 교 수설계의 대표 모형인 ADDIE 모형의 절차에 따라 개발하였다. 개발한 교육 프로그램의 효과를 검증하기 위해 ◯◯대학교에서 실시한 교육기부 프로그램의 지원자 표집에 의한 지원자 표본 20명의 학생을 대상으로 총 6일 동안 42차시 수업을 진행하였고 사전·사후 검사 결과를 통해 교육적 효과를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 본 연구에서 개발한 교육 프로그램이 초등학생의 컴퓨팅 사고력 향상에 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

In this study, we developed a data science education program using spreadsheet, applied it after educational method to improve elementary school student 's Computational Thinking, and then verified its effect. Based on the results of preliminary requirement analysis conducted by Rossett's request analysis the educational program was developed based on the procedure of the ADDIE model which is the representative model of the teaching design based on the result of prior requirement analysis of 205 elementary school students and computer teaching major 20 incumbent elementary school teachers, applying Rossett's requirement analysis model. In order to verify the effect of the developed educational program, we are promoting 42 hours of lecture for a total of 6 days for 20 students of applicants who volunteered for volunteer votes of educational donation programs implemented at ◯◯University, We analyzed the educational effect using the results of pre-post test. As a result of the analysis, we learned that the educational program developed in this study is effective for improving elementary school student 's Computational Thinking.

본 연구의 선행 연구에서는 1∼3차에 걸쳐 초등학생의 컴퓨팅 사고력 신장을 위한 퍼즐 기반 컴퓨터과학 교 육 프로그램을 개발하여 현장에 투입하며 교육 효과를 CT창의성과 CT인지력으로 나눠 검증하고 교육 프로그램 을 개선해왔다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 선행 연구 결과를 바탕으로 연령과 CT사고력 하위 요소를 매개 변수로 사용하여 계층적 베이지안 추론 모델링을 실시하였다. 그리고 그 결과를 바탕으로 중·고등학교에서 퍼즐 기반 컴퓨터과학 교육 프로그램의 효과를 예측하고 향후 투입할 중·고등학교의 퍼즐 기반 컴퓨터과학 교육 프로그램 의 주요 개선 항목과 개선 방향을 제안하였다.

The preceding study of this study developed puzzle-based computer science education programs to enhance the computational thinking of elementary school students over 1 to 3 times. The preceding study then applied such programs into the field, categorized the effects of education into CT creativity and CT cognitive ability to improve the education programs. Based on the results of these preceding studies, the hierarchical Bayesian inference modeling was performed using age and CT thinking ability as parameters. From the results, this study predicted the effectiveness of puzzle-based computer science education programs in middle and high schools and proposed major improvement areas and directions for puzzle-based computer science education programs that are to be deployed in the future throughout middle and high schools.

The purpose of this study was to develop the systems thinking learning program and to confirm the effects of its application in the fourth grades' science class. For it, the test tools were designed to survey divergent thinking and the closed loop based on the casual relation. The systems thinking learning program was developed to make students learn scientific knowledge and systems thinking educational strategies through their regular science class. The two classes of fourth grade were selected and divided into experimental and control groups. After applying pre-test to two groups, the system thinking education program was applied to an experimental group according to the reconstructed lesson plan. Subsequently, post-test was applied to two groups 3 weeks after pre-test. The findings in this study were as follows. In divergent thinking, the systems thinking program was useful to two groups. It could be the repetition effect, but only the experimental group shows a statistically significant change. The effect of the closed loop based on casual relation was deemed statistically significant. It shows these educational strategies were effective in making students understand the systems thinking. Finally, the results of students' interviews shows they were satisfied with this program because they were able to express their thinking with confidence and to find new relations in the change of land. The results suggest that the more research is needed to further develop and improve on students’ thinking skills in their regular science classes.

The purpose of this study is to explore the applying possibility of the Earth Systems Education(ESE) in elementary school science education through the improving of students' recognition with the earth systematic nature by systems thinking education - for this was the recognizing as earth systematic nature was the key element of ESE, and the systems thinking skill is accredited very effective tool for the understanding with earth systematic nature. For this, the systems thinking's teaching-learning programs were developed and applied to the 6th students (21s) for 10hours' classes. The results of this study are as follows; In most of the 6th students didn't recognize with earth systematic nature from a lack of understanding of the vapor being in every nature environments. In systems teaching-learning classes, most of students participated positively in learning activities and achieved the aim of a lesson. In the testing results for students' recognition improving to earth systematic nature after the systems thinking education, about 24% students were showed the improving results of the recognition with earth systematic nature. Consequently, It is suggested that just as the achieving of the points of ESE in elementary school science education, the approaching method of the systems thinking education is worth attempting to applying of the ESE.

In this paper, we propose a Science subject program based on programming learning to improve computational thinking ability in middle school. As the necessity of software education rises recently, the subject of information was designated as the mandatory subject in elementary, middle and high schools. In order to cultivate the ability that enables the leaners to search the knowledge in need by themselves and raise troubleshooting method, not the existing indoctrination, his thesis was willing to improve Computational Thinking ability and improve the ability of considering and thinking the matters by using scratch language. For that, this thesis developed and suggested science subject program that utilizes the programming learning.

Objectives This study investigated the variations in creative thinking and creative personality based on the music preference of science-gifted secondary school students who participated in a music-science GI-convergence education program. Methods A total of 12 program sessions were conducted for 8th-grade science-gifted students selected in Daejeon, South Korea. Pre- and Post-tests for creative thinking and creative personality were administered. This was analyzed through quantitative and qualitative studies. Results The findings indicate that science-gifted students with a preference for music subjects exhibited significantly higher scores in creative personality compared to those who did not prefer music subjects. In addition, qualitative research results revealed that science-gifted students who preferred music subjects improved their intrinsic motivation through perseverance, passion, imagination, and a keen interest in class while participating in the music-science GI-convergence education program. Conclusions This suggests that their focus was more directed toward music-related learning. These results imply that science gifted students' inclination toward music subjects has a positive effect on the improvement of creative personality by influencing the emotional aspects of creativity expression.

이 연구의 목적은 초등학생의 인지수준에 따른 확률적 사고의 형성 정도와 TS 프로그램의 확률 활동이 확률적 사고의 형성에 미치는 효과를 알아보는 것이었다. 이를 위하여 초등학교 6학년 152명을 실험집단과 통제집단으로 나누어, 실험집단에는 TS 프로그램의 확률 활동을 투입하였고, 통제집단에는 정규 교육과정을 운영하였다. 투입 전에 SRT II와 확률적 사고 검사를 실시하여 학생들의 인지수준에 따른 확률적 사고의 형성 정도를 조사하였고, 투입 후에 확률적사고 검사를 실시하여 처치의 효과를 알아보았다. 연구 결과에 의하면, 확률 문제 해결에서 구체적 조작기와 과도기 학생들은 주관적 전략과 양적 전략을 혼용하여 사용하였으며, 전기 형식적 조작기 학생들은 양적 전략을 많이 사용하여 인지수준이 높을수록 보다 높은 수준의 확률적 사고를 하고 있었다. TS 프로그램의 확률 활동은 학생들의 확률적 사고 형성에 효과적이었다. 확률적 사고의 형성을 인지수준에 따라 분석한 결과, 전기 구체적 조작기와 과도기 학생들에게 효과적이었음을 알 수 있었다.

The purposes of this study were to investigate the development of probabilistic thinking in relation to the cognitive level of elementary school students and to analyze the effects of probability activities in Thinking Science(TS) program on the development of probabilistic thinking. 152 6th grade elementary school students compiled the sample group which was divided into an experimental group and a control group. Probability activities in TS program were used with the experimental group, while the normal curriculum was conducted with the control group. Both the experimental and control group were assessed with Science Reasoning Task II and a probabilistic thinking test before execution of this investigation and were post-tested with probabilistic thinking test after the project period was complete. Results of this study showed that the students in the concrete operational stage and transitional stage used subjective strategy together with quantitative strategy in probability problem-solving, and students in the early formal operational stage used quantitative strategy in probability problem-solving. It was also found that the higher the cognitive level of students, the higher the probabilistic thinking level. The probability activities of the TS program influenced the development of probabilistic thinking of elementary school students. Assessing the development of probabilistic thinking on the basis of the cognitive level found that the level of effectiveness was significantly higher for students in the early concrete operational stage and transitional stage than students in any other stage.

이 연구에서는 초등학교 5, 6학년을 대상으로 Thinking Science 프로그램에서 보상 활동의 독립적인 처치 효과와 Thinking Science 프로그램 전체의 처치 효과를 성별, 인지 수준, 문제 상황별로 알아보았다. 연구 결과, Thinking Science의 처치 효과가 유의미하게 높게 나타났으며, 성별, 인지수준에 따른 상호 작용 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 특히, 비례 논리 발달의 급등 시기에 있는 남학생과 비례 논리가 확립된 후기 구체적 조작기 이상의 인지 수준에 해당되는 학생들의 향상이 뚜렷하였다. 또한, Thinking Science를 처치한 집단의 학생들은 정량적 보상 논리 전략 중 항등식 전략 빈도가 높아서 인지 부담이 큰 비정수비 문항에서의 문제 해결 수준이 유의미하게 높았다. 따라서, Thinking Science 집단에서는 보상 논리 외의 다른 형식적 사고 기능이 포함된 활동들이 보상 논리 형성을 촉진하는 일반 전이 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 연구 결과는 인지가속 프로그램인 Thinking Science는 다양한 형식적 사고 기능의 통합적인 발달을 통하여 인지 발달을 촉진하는 효과가 있음을 시사한다. 따라서, 인지발달은 물론 형식적 사고 기능의 향상을 위한 프로그램 개발 및 교수학습 전략 고안에 있어서 반드시 형식적 사고 요소들 간의 관련성을 고려해야 할 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the general transfer effects of Thinking Science program on the problem solving with compensational reasoning of the elementary school students. For this study, 156 5th grade and 138 6th grade students were selected from four elementary schools. The students were tested with SRT(Science Reasoning Task) and compensational reasoning task. Statistically significant gains on the development of compensational reasoning were shown by the experimental group implemented with Thinking Science activities compared to the group implemented with compensation activity only. The achievement of the experimental group was higher than that of the compensation activity group in solving problem with compensational reasoning, specially for the boys and students in both the mature concrete and the concrete generalization stage. The results of this study implied that implementation of Thinking Science program related to several formal reasoning were effective for the development of reasoning ability as a general-transfer.

본 연구는 과학영재를 대상으로 실시한 디자인사고 프로그램인 창의디자인 캠프의 창의적 환경을 분석하고 시사점을 논의하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 본 연구의 대상이 된 과학영재는 138명으로 모두 2일 12시간의 온라인 캠프에 참여하였다. 참여한 과학영재를 대상으로 학교, 과학영재교육원, 그리고 캠프의 창의적 환경에 대한 인식을 비교 분석하였으며, 디자인사고의 주요 단계별 자기 수행 평가를 하도록 하여, 창의디자인 캠프 프로그램에 대한 교육적 효과를 참여자의 입장에서 분석적으로 평가하였다. ‘선생님의 지지와 자유로운 의사소통’, ‘친구들의 지지와 즐거운 반 분위기’, ‘엄격한 규칙과 지시적 분위기’ 요소에서 모두 창의디자인 캠프가 학교와 과학영재교육원보다 창의적인 환경을 제공하는 것으로 나타났다. 디자인사고의 단계별로 이뤄진 자기 수행 평가 결과를 보면, 공감하기와 문제 정의하기에 대한 평가가 아이디어 도출, 시제품 제작, 테스트 단계에 대한 평가보다 상대적으로 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 결과는 과학영재의 창의디자인 캠프에 대한 창의적 환경 인식과 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 바탕으로 과학영재에게 제공되는 다양한 특별프로그램이 가지는 의미를 창의적 환경의 관점에서 논의하였다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the creative environment of the ‘Creativity Design Camp’, a design thinking program for science gifted students, and to discuss the implications. The subjects of this study were 138 science gifted students, who participated in the online camp for 2 days and 12 hours. The perceptions of the creative environment of schools, science gifted education centers, and the camp were comparatively analyzed and the educational effect of the camp was evaluated, in view of participants, analytically by allowing self-evaluation at major stages of design thinking. As for the creative environment, it was found that the camp provided a more creative environment than schools and science gifted education centers in terms of teachers' support and free communication, support from peers and a pleasant class atmosphere, strict rules and directive atmosphere elements. As a result of the self-evaluation conducted in each stage of design thinking, it was found 'Empathize' and 'Define' stages were relatively higher than 'Ideate', 'Prototype', and 'Test' stages. And the self-evaluation was correlated with their recognition of the creative environment of the ‘Creativity Design Camp’. Based on this, the meaning of various special programs provided to science gifted students was discussed in a view of a creative environment.

2015년도에 개정한 정보 교육과정은 창의 융합형인재의 성장을 주요 목표로 제시하고 있는데, 창의융합형 인재의 성장에서 반드시 필요한 것이 컴퓨팅사고력(CT)이다. 본 논문에서는 창의융합형 인재 성장의 목표에 맞추어 IoT 기술과 문이과 통합과정을정보교과 내용에 접목하였고 교수-학습 프로그램을개발하였다. 개발한 교수-학습 프로그램의 효과를 검증하기 위하여 실험연구를 진행하였으며, 연구결과실험집단의 평균(Mean)이 통제집단보다 10점 이상 높게 나오는 결과를 얻었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제안한 교수-학습 프로그램이 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 제안한 교수-학습 프로그램은 프로그래밍 언어뿐만 아니라 IoT 기반의 CT 교육을 통해실생활의 다양한 분야에 응용되는 SW 기술을 직접구현하여 SW 교육에 대한 학습 동기와 흥미를 유발시킬 수 있으며 문·이과 통합형 교육을 통해 많은교과와 융합되는 문제를 해결하고 창의적으로 설계하는 경험을 통해 융합과학적 사고력을 향상시킬 것으로 기대된다.

The informatics curriculum which was revised in 2015 presents the growth of creative and convergent talents as a main goal, and what is essential in the growth of creative and convergent talents is Computational Thinking(CT). In this study, in line with the goal of the growth of creative and convergent talents, the subject of IoT technology and liberal arts and natural sciences integration course was combined with the contents of informatics textbook, and the teaching-learning program was developed. In order to verify the effect of the developed teaching-learning program, the experimental research was conducted, and as a result of study, the mean of the experimental group was 10 points higher than that of the control group. Therefore, it could be known that there was an effect in the teaching-learning program suggested in this study. It is expected that the teaching-learning program suggested in this study can induce the learning motive and interest in SW education by directly implementing SW skill to the various fields of a real life through CT education based on Iot as well as a programing language, and improve convergent and scientific thinking through the experience of solving the problems which are blended with many subjects through liberal arts and natural sciences integration course, and designing them creatively

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of science based enrichment STEAM gifted program on the creative thinking activities and emotional intelligence of elementary science gifted students. The study subjects were two science gifted classes of the 5th grade of local Office of Education in B Metropolitan City. One class including 20 students was experimental group and the other including 20 students was comparison group. For the purpose of study, the lesson unit 'The world of light through science' was practised, the science based enrichment STEAM gifted program was applied to experimental group, whereas comparison group was taught traditional gifted lesson. The results of this study were as follows. First, science based enrichment STEAM gifted program influenced significantly the improvement of the creative thinking activities of elementary science gifted students. Second, science based enrichment STEAM gifted program was showed to enhance the emotional intelligence of elementary science gifted students significantly.

융합인재교육은 다양한 교과 영역에서 추출된 내용들이 체계적이고 밀접하게 연계되어 있으므로 이러한 체계를 효과적으로 파악할 수 있는 시스템적 사고를 필요로 한다. 이 연구의 목적은 시스템 사고력을 향상시킬 수 있는 융합인재교육 프로그램을 개발하고, 중등 과학영재에게 적용하여 교육적 효과를 탐색하는 데 있다. 융합인재교육과 시스템 사고에 대한 문헌조사를 바탕으로 프로그램 모형을 제작하였고, 모형을 기초로 하여 '로켓'을 주제로 한 시스템 사고 기반의 융합인재교육 프로그램을 개발하였다. 연구의 대상은 광역시 소재 대학 부설 과학영재교육원 소속 중등 과학영재 1학년 100명, 2학년 13명으로 총 113명이다. 수업 처치 전 후의 시스템 사고능력 검사를 통해 단일집단 사전 사후 대응표본 t-검증 및 서술 문항에 대한 내용 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 학생들은 시스템사고와 관련하여 단어연상, 개념 간 관계형성, 문장의 생성, 인과지도 그리기 능력이 향상되었고, 시스템 사고의 구성요인인 정신모델, 개인숙련, 팀 학습, 시스템분석, 공유비전의 다섯 가지 항목에 대해 모두 통계적으로 유의미한 향상이 나타났다. 이 연구를 통해 개발된 '로켓'을 주제로 한 시스템 사고 기반의 융합인재교육 프로그램은 학생들의 시스템사고 능력의 향상에 효과가 있었다. 개발된 프로그램은 일반 학교 현장에서 충분히 적용될 수 있으며, 이를 적극적으로 활용한다면 시스템 사고 능력과 융합적 문제해결능력을 지닌 인재를 육성하는데 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

In STEAM education, contents that has been extracted from a variety of areas, so it can work closely and systematically. Therefore STEAM education requires systems thinking that can be grasped effectively these different disciplines. The purposes of this study are to develop a STEAM program based on systems thinking, and apply the program to the secondary science gifted student in order to investigate the educational effect. A model of the Program developed from previous research and theoretical contents of systems thinking and STEAM. A draft of the STEAM program was developed on the theme of "rocket". A total of 113 students was participated in this study. 100 seventh and 13 eighth graders were enrolled at seigy. A single group pre-post test paired t-test was conducted on them in systems thinking skills. Result of applying the program to the students as follows. The systems thinking ability was improved after the application of the program. 'Mental Model', 'Personal Skill', 'Team Learning', and 'System Analysis', 'Shared Vision' emerged for both improved significantly. In conclusion, the STEAM program based on system thinking improves students' systems thinking skills. This program of results can be helpful in cultivate human resources with the problem solving ability based on system thinking and STEAM literacy by used in public education curriculum.

이 연구의 목적은 시스템 사고력의 향상에 기여할수 있는 융합인재교육 프로그램을 개발하고 예비 과학 교사들에게 적용하여 그 효과성을 검증하는 것이다. 이 연구의 대상은 사범대학 과학교육계열 학부생2-4학년 17명이며, 이들에게 개발된 프로그램을 적용하고 시스템 사고에 대한 효과를 분석하였다. 시스템사고 기반의 융합인재교육 프로그램의 효과를 검증하기 위해 프로그램의 투입 전⋅후 연구 참여에 동의하는 학생들에 대해 설문지를 투입하였다. 시스템 사고검사에 대해서는 95%의 신뢰수준에서 단일집단 대응표본 t-검정을 실시하였고 시스템 사고 질적 검사는 5 인의 예비 과학 교사를 선정하여 결과를 분석하였다. 이 연구의 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 시스템 사고 기반의 융합인재교육 프로그램은 기존의 프로그램에서 적용한 ‘Dynamic RC 비행기’의 내용을바탕으로 시스템 사고 향상에 초점을 두고 수정⋅보완을 거쳐 개발하였다. 둘째, 시스템 사고 기반의 융합인재교육 프로그램은 예비 과학 교사들의 시스템사고 능력이 향상에 긍정적 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 시스템 사고 양적 검사 결과에 따르면 시스템사고 하위 요인에서 95%의 신뢰수준에서 통계적으로유의미한 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 아울러 시스템 사고 질적 검사에서도 예비 교사들은 시스템의 순환을인지하게 되고 특정한 시스템에서 발생하는 지속적인상호작용을 이해하는 방향으로 향상되었다. 이 연구의결과는 예비 교사들을 위한 교사 교육에 의미 있는시사점을 제공하고 시스템 사고를 학교 현장에서 직접 실천하게 될 예비 교사들의 시스템 사고력을 향상시키고 관련 영역에 대한 이해를 증진을 시키는 데기여할 것이다.

The purposes of this study were to develop a system thinking-based STEAM education program for pre-service science teachers, and to investigate the effects of the programs on pre-service teachers’ thinking skills. Literature, related programs, and previous studies were reviewed to develop the program. A total of 17 pre-service teachers majoring in science education at university participated in this study. The pre-post t-test was conducted before and after applying to the program. Data was collected using causal maps, drawing analyses, word association, and system thinking instrument to investigate students’ students thinking skills. The results of this study were as follows. First, the system-based STEAM education program with the theme of ‘RC Airplane’ was developed to increase pre-service science teachers ‘system thinking skill. Second, the STEAM educational program indicated statistically significant effects on the students’ system thinking skills. In conclusion, the STEAM educational program developed in this study could affect students’ system thinking skills significantly and meaningfully. This study provide meaningful suggestions for pre-service teachers’ education and enhanced students’ systems thinking skills and perceptions within the STEM field.

The purpose of this study was to investigate high school students' competencies of creativity thinking, critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and digital competence by implementing science fiction STEAM program. Based on the story of 'Fritz Haber' and the 'Garden of Dawn', a STEAM program was developed according to the ADDIE model. In the analysis stage, the purpose of the teaching-learning program using novels was set, and learners and learning environments were analyzed. At the design stage, the novels 'Fritz Harbor' and 'Garden of Dawn' were selected, learning goals were set according to the achievement standards of the curriculum, and learning contents and learning activities were sequenced and designed. In the development stage, teaching and learning materials were developed in a module format, implemented to classes, and evaluated. Pre-test and post-tests were conducted to identify the five major competencies such as creativity thinking, critical thinking, communication, collaboration, digital competence. The collected data was verified by paired t-test using SPSS. The results of the study showed statistically significant results in creative thinking, critical thinking, and digital competency.

The purpose of this study is to develop a ‘Science Education with Systems Thinking (SEST)’ teaching and learning model and program that can be used in science education to improve systems thinking competency, which is considered an important competency for future generations. First, to develop a SEST model, we explored learning strategies used in previous studies and developed a SEST model through expert consultation. SEST model was developed as a type 1 ‘problem-solving’ model for solving science-related problems and a type 2 ‘scientific systems learning’ model for learning scientific knowledge through systems thinking methods. Based on each type of SEST model, we developed a prototype education program through in-service teachers' consultation. For type 1, we developed a biodiversity problem-solving education program, and for type 2, we developed immune system education program. The results of the study will help to facilitate the integration of systems thinking in science education in the future, especially in biology education, where systems thinking is not widely applied.

이 연구에서는 과학 영재들의 미흡한 사회·정서적 특성을 보완해주면서, 집단 창의성의 발현을 도울 수 있는 전략으로서 디자인적 사고에 기반한교육 프로그램을 개발하고, 이를 과학 영재들에게 적용하였다. 그런 다음, 과학 영재들의 집단 창의성 발현을 돕기 위한 전략으로서 디자인적 사고프로그램의 가능성을 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 관련 지식 이해 단계에서는 팀의 조직, 관계형성, 정보 수집, 그리고 호기심 속성을, 공감 단계에서는사용자 지향, 관계 형성, 대인 이해 속성을 확인할 수 있었다. 관점의 공유 단계에서는 팀의 조직과 성취 지향 속성을, 아이디어 생성 단계에서는 자기조절, 설득력, 분석적 사고력 속성을 확인할 수 있었다. 마지막으로, 프로토타입 단계에서는 의사소통이라는 속성을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 이 연구에서개발한 디자인적 사고 프로그램은 과학 영재들에게 사용자 중심의 사고 기회의 제공, 과학 영재들 간에 서로 공감하고 이해할 수 있는 기회의 제공, 아이디어를 프로토타이핑 해 볼 수 있는 기회의 제공을 통해 과학 영재들의 미흡한 사회·정서적 특성을 보완해 주면서, 과학 영재들이 집단 창의성이이루어지는 과정을 경험할 수 있는 기회를 충분히 제공해 줄 수 있는 전략적 사고 방법이 될 가능성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

In this study, we developed the education program based on the design thinking that could help the science-gifted students experience the group creativity, supplementing the insufficient social and emotional characteristics of them. And then, we examined design thinking program's possibility as a strategy to foster group creativity of science-gifted students. With the results of the application of the program, we could confirm the organization of the team, relationship building, information seeking, and curiosity attributes in the understanding knowledge stage and the user-orientation, relationship building, and interpersonal understanding attributes in the empathy stage. We could also find the organization of the team and achievement orientation attributes in the sharing perspective stage and the self-control, persuasiveness, and analytical thinking attributes in the generating idea stage. Finally, the communication attribute in the prototype stage was confirmed. In particular, the design thinking program developed in this study could compensate the defects that were the insufficient social and emotional characteristics of the science-gifted students through providing the opportunity for user-centered thinking, the opportunity to understand and sympathize with each other between the science-gifted students, and the opportunity to prototype ideas. As a result, the science-gifted students were able to experience the group creativity that was being created. Therefore, we could ascertain that the design thinking should have a potential as a strategic way of thinking that could provide enough opportunities to experience the process of group creativity for the science-gifted students.

본 연구에서는 예비과학교사들이 교육실습기간 중 수업 실행에서 보이는 반성의 분야와 수준에 대해 알아보았다. 모두 7명의 예비과학교사가 연구에 참여하였으며, 이 중 4명의 예비과학교사는 반성적 사고를 촉진할 수 있는 프로그램을 추가로 제공받았다. 예비과학교사들의 반성은 주로 수업 운영에 관련된 분야인 주의 집중 및 동기 유발 방식, 교수 활동에 대한 반성과 개선, 상호작용 등에서 나타났으며, 과학과 교육과정의 이해 및 재구성과 차시 예고에 대한 반성은 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 반성적 사고를 촉진하는 프로그램을 제공받은 예비과학교사들은 일반적인 교육실습 프로그램에 참여한 예비과학교사들에 비해 반성의 빈도가 높게 나타났다. 예비과학교사들이 반성을 보인 글들은 대부분 기술적 반성에 해당했으며, 반성적 사고를 촉진하는 프로그램을 제공받은 예비과학교사들은 기술적 반성 뿐 아니라 높은 수준의 반성인 대화적 반성도 많이 나타났다. 그러므로 사전 교육프로그램과 반성저널쓰기, 교사들의 수업평가 및 피드백은 예비과학교사들의 반성의 빈도와 수준을 높이는 것으로 보인다.

The purpose of this study is to find out the influence of reflective thinking facilitation program on reflection areas and its levels that pre-service science teachers present in the class teaching practice during the student-teaching period. Seven pre-service science teachers participated in this study and only four pre-service science teachers among them were additionally trained with the reflective program. Reflections of pre-service science teachers were mostly shown on class management, including attention and motivation, reflection and improvement for teaching activities, and interactions. However, the understanding of the science curricula and their reconstruction, and advance notice about the next class were not mentioned in their reflections. Pre-service science teachers who participated in the additional reflective program have shown more frequent reflections than those who only participated in the traditional student-teaching program. Pre-service science teachers, not trained with the reflective program, mostly showed descriptive reflection. However, those who participated in the reflective program have shown higher levels of reflections such as dialogic as well as the descriptive reflection. Therefore, pre-education program, reflective journal-writings, and science teachers' assessments on class and their feedback seem to improve the frequency and level of reflection for the pre-service science teachers.

이 연구의 목적은 학생들의 사고를 활성화시키고 의사표현능력을 신장시킬 수 있는 육색사고모자기법을 활용한 토의활동 프로그램을 개발하여 초등학교 과학수업의 환경교육에 적용해봄으로써 환경 친화적 태도 및 환경소양 함양에 어떤 효과가 있는지 알아보는데 있다. 이를 위해 육색사고모자 기법을 적용하기 위한 교수학습 활동 자료를 개발하고 적용하였다. 인천에 위치한 S 초등학교의 6학년 학생을 대상으로 실험반(25명)과 비교반(24명)을 설정하여 실시하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 육색사고모자기법을 활용한 토의활동 프로그램은 실험반에서 환경 친화적 태도 점수가 향상되었고 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.05). 둘째, 육색사고모자기법을 활용한 토의활동 프로그램은 학생의 환경소양에서 실험반 학생들에게서 향상되었으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 적용한 육색사고모자 기법을 통한 환경 토의활동은 학생들에게 환경 친화적 태도에 효과적임을 알 수 있다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the elementary students' environmentally friendly attitude and environment literacy through Edward de Bono's Six Thinking Hats in science class. The objects of this study were the sixth grade of both an experimental class (25 students) and a comparative class (24 students) at the S elementary school science class located in Incheon city. The results of this study were as follows: First, the change of environmentally friendly attitude in the experimental group applying the six thinking hats program have statistically meaningful differences (p<.05). Second, the environmental literacy of the experimental group was improved somewhat, but it has no meaningful differences compared the other group statistically. Therefore, the six thinking hats program applied in this study might be useful to improve the students' environmentally friendly attitude in elementary school science class.

This study has developed a program using visual thinking strategies and video making activities related to the ‘various living things and our life’ unit of the elementary science curriculum. The program is designed to use visual thinking in a total of 11 sessions to check the contents of the session, organize them, and reconstruct knowledge, and to produce and present videos using visual thinking materials they created. The developed program was applied to 30 fifth graders at A elementary school in J-province as an experimental group. Meanwhile 29 students from another fifth-grade class in the same school as a comparative group were involved in textbook-oriented classes based on the existing curriculum. In order to find out the effectiveness of the application program, creative problem-solving ability, scientific learning motivation, and scientific attitude tests were conducted in advance and after the lessons and the results were analyzed. In addition, a class perception test was conducted to find out the perception of the experimental group students about the class to which the program was applied. As a result of the analysis, it was found that creative problem-solving skills and scientific learning motivation showed a significant improvement, and the experimental group’s satisfaction, interest, and participation in classes were also high. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in scientific attitude between the two groups. This suggests that it is necessary to develop and supply various class materials and programs using visual thinking and video making in the future and apply them to elementary schools.