Earticle

본 연구는 COVID-19 발생 전후에 작업치료를 수행하고 있는 작업치료사 101명을 대상으로 손 씻기, 개인 보호 장비 사용, 주변 환경 정리의 감염관리에 대한 인식과 수행을 비교하고자 설문조사를 실시했으며, 맨-휘트니 U 검정(Mann- Whitney U test), 크루스칼-왈리스 H 검정(Kruskal-wallis H test), 윌콕슨 부호 순위 검정(Wilcoxon signed-rank test), 피어슨 상관분석(Pearson's correlation coefficient)을 사용해 분석하였다. 그 결과, COVID-19 발생 이전보다 발생 이후 에 감염관리 교육을 더 잘 받았고 감염성 질환의 경험이 낮은 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, COVID-19 발생 이전보다 발생 이후 에 손 씻기, 개인 보호장비 사용, 주변 환경정리에서의 감염관리에 대한 인식 및 수행이 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 현재 까지도 질병관리청에서 권고하는 흐르는 물에서 40초 이상의 손 씻기와 치료실 청소 및 치료 도구의 소독은 개선이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구를 통하여 감염성 질환의 발생을 최소화하기 위해 감염관리 교육을 정기적으로 반복해야 하며, 향후 작업 치료사를 대상으로 하는 감염관리 교육 및 후속 연구에서 활용할 수 있는 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것이다.

This study surveyed 101 occupational therapists who were performing occupational therapy before and after the COVID-19 outbreak to compare their perceptions and performance of hand washing, use of personal protective equipment, and infection control of surrounding environment. Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal wallis H test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Pearson's correlation coefficient were used analyzed. As a result, it was confirmed that they received better infection control education after the outbreak compared to before the outbreak of COVID-19, and their experience with infectious diseases was lower. In addition, it was found that the perception and performance of infection control in hand washing, personal protective equipment, and surrounding environment cleaning were improved after the outbreak compared to before the outbreak of COVID-19. However, to this day, hand washing for more than 40 seconds in running water recommended by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, cleaning the treatment room, and disinfection of treatment tools are still in need of improvement. Through this study, infection control education should be repeated regularly to minimize the occurrence of infectious diseases, and It will be a basic data that can be used in infection control education and follow-up studies for occupational therapists in the future.

고형연료제품(SRF)은 고유가 시기의 불안정한 에너지 시장에 도입되어, 다양한 정책적 혜택에 힘입어 SRF를 사용한 발전은 매년 증가하였다. 하지만 폐기물을 원료로 하여 제조되는 SRF에 대한 불신으로 많은 지역에 관련 사업들이 차질을 빚고 있다. 본 연구에서는 대기환경의 안전성을 객관적으로 검증하는 방안을 제시하여 주민 수용성을 제고하고자 고형연료제품 사 용시설의 대기확산모델링(AERMOD)를 활용하여 측정지점을 선정하고, 측정일 풍향에 따른 재활용시설 주변지역 영향조사 를 하였다. 주변지역 영향조사 실측(5개 지점)과 대기확산모델링을 비교한 결과, 최대 착지지점에서 TSP 농도가 높게 측정되 는 경향을 보이며, NOx, SOx는 타지점에서의 농도가 높은 경우가 있으며, HCl과 HF는 검출한계 이하로 측정되었다. 악취물 질 분석 결과, 시설 가동 유·무에 따른 동일지역 측정 시 악취물질 확산에 의한 영향을 확정하기엔 연관성이 미흡하였다. 인 근 대기 측정망은 약 6 km에 위치하여 조사지점에서 측정한 값과 유사한 결과가 도출되고, 악취에 대한 영향이 미흡함에 따 라 고형연료제품 사용시설의 대기오염물질에 의한 영향은 낮은 것으로 판단된다.

Solid Recovery Fuel (SRF) was introduced into energy markets unstable due to high oil prices, and power generation using SRF increased every year due to various policy benefits. SRF-related projects are disrupted in many regions due to distrust of SRF, which is manufactured using waste as raw materials. Therefore, it was attempted to improve the acceptance of residents by suggesting a method to objectively verify the safety of the atmospheric environment. A measurement point was selected using the atmospheric diffusion modeling (AERMOD) of a facility using solid fuel products, and the influence of the area around the recycling facility was investigated according to the wind direction on the measurement day. As a result of comparing the actual survey of the surrounding area (5 points) and atmospheric diffusion modeling, the TSP concentration tends to be measured high at the maximum landing point, and NOx and SOx concentrations at other points are high in some cases, and HCl and HF were measured below the detection limit. As a result of the analysis of malodor substances, the correlation was insufficient to determine the effect of the spread of malodor substances when measuring the same area according to the presence or absence of facility operation. The nearby air quality monitoring network of the object facility is located at about 6km and results similar to the values measured at the measurement spot are derived, so it is judged that the impact of the air pollutants of the target facility is low.

경주 석장동 암각화는 선사시대 유적이 다수 확인된 석장동의 낮은 구릉지와 완만한 골짜기를 지나 넓게 펼쳐진 비옥한 곡간 충적지의 입구부에 조성되어 있으며, 경주시내 전체를 한눈에 조 망할 수 있고, 형산강 서안의 절경을 이루는 암벽에 조성되어 있어서 자연적 요새의 관문과 같 은 곳에 위치하고 있다. 이러한 위치적 정황을 통해 석장동 암각화는 주변에 다수 분포하고 있 는 유적들과 밀접한 관련성을 엿볼 수 있는 주요한 입지 조건을 가지고 있으며, 암각화가 위치 한 경주 석장동 일원은 청동기시대 후기 취락이 중심으로 형성되어 있었으며, 청동기시대 석장 동 마을의 성소 기능을 했을 것으로 판단되었다. 한편 석장동 암각화를 비롯한 한국암각화의 전체 분포 양상과 선사시대 문화권역을 대응시켜 분포상의 시간적, 공간적 공통성을 유추해 보면 청동기시대 후기 검단리 문화권에 포함된 암각 화의 특징적인 문양 요소는 검파형문이 위주이며, 송국리 문화권의 암각화에서 보이는 다중 동 심원문이 확인되는 않는 점이 차이를 보였다. 따라서 석장동 암각화는 지리적 위치상 영남지역 동남해안지역의 청동기시대 후기 검단리 문 화권에 포함되며, 이 문화권에 있는 타 암각화와 비교에서도 문양의 유사성과 공반 양상이 인지 되고 있다. 또한 석장동 암각화가 위치한 석장동 일원은 청동기시대 후기 취락이 중심으로 형성 되어 있으므로, 이와 지형적으로 연계성이 높은 석장동 암각화는 석장동 일원의 중심 취락 유적 과 동시기에 조성되었을 가능성이 크다.

Kyongju Sukjangdong Petroglyphs had been created at the entry area of a fertile alluvial land of a valley stream that is widely spread out passing through low hills and gentle valleys in Sukjangdong where many prehistoric remains have been verified. In addition, the entire city of Gyeongju can be viewed at a glance since it was created on a rock wall that forms a glorious scenic view of the west coast of the Hyeongsan River, where is the same place as the gate of a natural fortress. Petroglyphs at Sukjangdong has key locational conditions that allow to infer a close association with various remains distributed at surroundings through such a positional situation. The settlement of the late Bronze Age had been formed at the area of Kyongju Sukjangdong, where Petroglyphs is located, and it is thought that the area played a role of a sanctum of the village at the Bronze Age. Meanwhile, when inferring the temporal and spatial commonality by matching the entire distribution aspects of Petroglyphs in Korea including the one in Sukjangdong to the cultural area of prehistoric times, the Petroglyphs included in Geomdan-ri culture area of the late Bronze Age is mainly characterized by sword waveform patterns and doesn’t show the multiple concentric circle patterns that were shown in the Petroglyphs of Songguk-ri cultural area. Therefore, it is thought that Sukjangdong Petroglyphs is included in the Geomdan-ri culture area of the late Bronze Age of the southeast coast area in Youngnam region from the geographical perspective. In addition, a similarity with other Petroglyphs in this cultural area and the mixed patterns with other ores are recognized. Furthermore, based on the geographical association, Sukjangdong Petroglyphs had been highly likely formed at the same period as the remains of central settlement located at Sukjangdong area because a settlement of the late Bronze Age had been formed at Sukjangdong area.

2023년 10월 13일, 일본정부는 일본가정연합에 대한 해산명령을 법원에 청구하였다. 종교 법인법에 따라 정부가 법원에 종교법인의 법인격을 박탈하는 해산명령을 청구할 수는 있다. 그 러나 인권의 핵심인 신교의 자유에 관한 문제임으로 신중함이 요구되는 부분이다. 그래서 종교 법인법이 제정된 1951년 이후 해산명령이 내려진 적은 두 차례밖에 없다. 두 차례 모두 종교법 인이 직접 살인에 관여한 형사사건으로 이루어졌다. 일본가정연합이 직접 관여한 형사사건은 없다. 1980년대, 90년대에 사회문제를 발생한 바 있으나 2009년 이후에는 발생 건수는 현저 히 감소하였고, 현재는 거의 없는 상태이다. 그럼에도 일본가정연합에 대한 해산명령청구가 내려졌다. 본 논문은 그 배경을 밝히기 위해, 일본의 종교정책을 고대로부터 살핀 후에 근대에 제정된 종교단체법과 종교법인법, 그리고 종교법인법 개정을 고찰하여, 일본이 종교에 대해 어떤 입 장을 취해 왔는지를 고찰한다. 그런 다음에 2022년 7월 8일 아베 신조 일본 전 총리 테러 사건 을 계기로 1년도 경과하지 않은 시점에서 이루어진 해산명령청구까지에 과정을 살피며, 일본 정부와 일본가정연합의 견해와 입장을 정리 고찰하였다.

On October 13, 2023, the Japanese government filed a request for a dissolution order against the Family Federation for World Peace and Unification Japan. According to the Religious Corporation Act, the government can file a request for a dissolution order to strip a religious corporation of its legal personality. However, since this is an issue regarding the freedom of religion, which is at the core of human rights, caution is required. Therefore, since the Religious Corporation Act was enacted in 1951, dissolution orders have only been issued twice. Both cases were criminal cases in which the religious corporation was directly involved in murder. The Family Federation Japan has not been directly involved in any criminal cases. Although it caused social problems in the 1980s and 1990s, the number of cases has decreased significantly since 2009, and is currently almost non-existent. Nevertheless, a request for a dissolution order was issued against the Japan Family Federation. In order to clarify the background, this paper examines Japan’s religious policy from ancient times, and then examines the Religious Organizations Low, the Religious Corporation Low, and the Religious Corporation Low amendments enacted in modern times, to examine Japan’s stance on religion. Then, it examines the process from the terrorist attack on former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe on July 8, 2022 to the request for a dissolution order, which was made less than a year later, and organizes the views and positions of the Japanese government and the Japan Family Federation.

The purpose of this study is to determine the for surrounding environment and living safety of public spaces in Japanese UR rental apartment complexes. The study was conducted by performing literature and field surveys, and the research samples included four UR rental apartment complexes in Japan. The results of the study are as follows. First, Hanahata and Tamadaira sites included many neighborhood facilities within the range of the regional neighborhood units, and Comfort Matsubara had many located throughout the residential neighborhood units. Specifically, at least one supermarket was located within each residential neighborhood unit, and a general hospital was proximate to each residential neighborhood unit for the most part. Second, evacuation safety in the public spaces of living safety was simple because external stairs are part of all residential buildings. In the crime safety, lights and surveillance cameras were installed in bicycle parking lots, and the lights function even during the daytime to keep the space well-lit and thus lower the risk of crime. In the daily safety, bollard-type lighting is installed near the ground to illuminate pedestrian walkways, and dropped-object prevention features are installed at the top of the ground floor entrances to prevent accidents that may be caused by falling objects.

코로나바이러스감염증-19(COVID-19) 유행은 우리 사회에 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 고령자의 경우 COVID-19에 취약하고 통행 제약이 크므로, 지하철의 교통카드 자료를 이용해 COVID-19가 역 별 고령자의 통행량에 미친 영향을 연구하고자 한다. 이를 위해 COVID-19 발생 전후 3개년 간의 고령자 하차통행량과 지하철역 주변 환경 관련 변수 사이에 다중선형회귀분석을 시행하 여 서로 비교하였다. 분석 기간 전체에서 지하철 환승 노선 수, 하천 유무, 전통시장 면적, 한방 병의원 수, 문화시설 수, 대형상업시설 수 등이 고령자의 통행량에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것 으로 나타났으며, COVID-19 이후 대중교통 관련 변수와 종사자 수, 실내 여가시설의 영향은 감소하고 야외 시설, 전통문화 관련 시설의 영향은 더 커지는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과 는 서울시 고령자의 통행에 팬데믹으로 인해 분명한 변화가 있었음을 시사하며, 향후 고령자 에게 더 안전하고 접근성 있는 환경을 만들 근거가 될 것으로 보인다.

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted societies, particularly the elderly with higher susceptibility and mobility constraints. This study investigates COVID-19's influence on elderly travel at subway stations using card data. Analyzing pre/post-COVID-19 data via multilinear regression, we found factors like subway transfer lines, presence of rivers, the area of traditional markets, number of traditional Korean medicine clinics, number of cultural facilities, and number of large commercial facilities correlated positively with elderly travel. Post-COVID-19, effects of variables related to public transportation and employment, and indoor leisure facilities decreased, while the effects of outdoor and traditional culture-related facilities increased. These findings indicate significant pandemic-induced alterations in the mobility patterns of senior citizens in Seoul, highlighting shifts towards safer, more accessible environments.

According to the viewpoint of sociology of art, which emphasizes that the understanding of cultural texts requires sufficient consideration of the social environment, this study aimed to discuss the reality of the crisis of dance criticism in Korea. For this purpose, this study explored the past and present of Korean dance criticism in terms of cultural production and consumption. In this regard, this study argued that Korean dance critics, who had focused on the production of critical texts, should pay attention to the demand for critical texts. This means that the Korean dance world should respond to new environmental changes such as the expansion of online performances.

허베이스피리트호 사고로 인해 원유 12,547㎘가 해상에 유출되어 총 4만여 가구의 주민들이 피해를 입었으며, 태안군을 포함한 11개 시·군이 특별재난구역으로 선포되었다. 이러한 대형 유류오염사고는 자연환경파괴 뿐만 아니라 지역의 주변환경 변화에 중대한 영향을 주게 된다. 본 연구에서는 허베이스피리트호 유류오염사고 피해가 가장 큰 지역인 태안을 중심으로 유류오염사고가 피해지역 주변환경에 미치는 영향을 조사·분석하였다. 조사항목은 크게 인구변화, 지역경제변화, 주민건강영향, 지역사회갈등 등으로 구분하여 수행하였다. 이러한 분석결과는 향후 유류사고 발생시 피해지역에 미치는 직·간접적인 영향을 예측하고 정부의 효율적인 정책방안을 수립하는데 매우 중요한 요소로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

According to the Hebei Spirit incident, 12,547kl of crude oil was spilled into the sea and a total of approximately 40,000 households was damaged. Also, eleven cities and counties including "Taean" were designated as a Special Disaster District by government. Large oil pollution incidents cause severe impact on the change of the surrounding environment as well as destruction of the natural environment of damaged areas. This study analyzes the impacts on the surrounding environment of damaged areas caused by Hebei Spirit oil pollution incident, focusing on the largest damaged county called Taean. Survey was performed with items which are changes in population and local economy, effects on public health, social conflicts and etc. The result of analysis can be used as an important factor to forecast the impact on a damaged area in case of future oil pollution incidents and to establish effective policy of government.

To evaluate fine dust amount occurring from a construction waste intermediate treatment plant and seek measures to control fine dust occurrence, this study analyzed the fine dust occurrence situations and characteristics. The analysis results are as follows: 1) As a result of measuring fine dust using a light scattering method, PM10 showed relatively higher values in the area where there was a lot of heavy equipment access/exit and the area where comminution work was carried out and the surrounding area in terms of boundary area of the plant. Therefore control to prevent external fine dust from scattering was necessary. PM2.5 was measured at the atmosphere concentration level, and so there was almost no effect of PM2.5. 2) Concerning PM10 whose fine dust scattering effects were on the surrounding areas during the operation of the plant, a trend of fine dust concentration decrease was shown, as separation distance increased, but the high values of PM10 were shown in the areas adjacent to roads or areas where vehicles traveled, despite far separation distance. As for PM2.5, constant values were shown, irrelevant of distance, and so the operation of the intermediate treatment plant hardly affected the concentration in the surrounding area. 3) Regarding the heavy metal analysis result, the concentration of Pb was measured at 25~40ng/m3, which revealed the concentration value similar to the Pb concentration revealed in the Monthly Report of Atmospheric Environment. 4) The analysis result of SEM-EDX showed no difference of components before and after the operation.

This study aims to establish a foundation for autonomous driving on campus and communication of abundant university information in the HCI environment in a VR environment where college freshmen can freely travel around campus facilities. The purpose of this study is to develop a three-dimensional VR-style campus tour system to establish a media environment to provide abundant university information guidance services to freshmen in non-face-to-face situations. This study designed a three-dimensional virtual reality campus tour system to solve the problem of discontinuity in which VR360 filming space does not lead to space like reality, and to solve many problems of expertise in VR technology by constructing an integrated production environment of tour system. We aim to solve the problem of inefficiency, which requires a large amount of momentum in virtual space, by constructing a GUI that utilizes the motion of the field of view focus. The campus environment was designed as a three-dimensional virtual reality using a three-dimensional graphic design. In non-face-to-face situations, college freshmen freely transformed the HMD VR device, smartphone, FPS operation mode of the gyroscope sensor. The design elements of the three-dimensional virtual reality campus tour system were classified as ①Visualization of factual experiences, ②Continuity of space movement, ③Operation, automatic operation mode, ④Natural landscape animation, ⑤Animation according to wind direction, ⑥Actual space movement mode, ⑦ Informatization of spatial understanding, ⑧GUI by experience environment, ⑨Text GUI by building, ⑩VR360, 3D360 Studio Environment, ⑪Three-dimensional virtual space coupling block module, ⑫3D360-3D Virtual Space Transmedia Zone, ⑬ Transformable GUI(VR Device Dual Viewer-Gyro Sensor Full Viewer-FPS Operation Viewer) and an integrated production environment was established with each element. It is launched online (http://vautu.com/u1) by constructing a GUI for free driving mode and college information screens to adapt to college life for freshmen, and designing an environment that can be used simultaneously by current media such as PCs, Android, and iPads. Therefore, it conducted user research, held a development presentation, a forum on excellence in university innovation support projects, and applied it as a system on the website of a particular university. College freshmen will be able to experience university information directly from the web and app to the virtual reality campus environment.

수변에 위치한 신륵사를 대상으로 대규모 치수 사업이 주변 환경(온·습도, 강수량, 풍속, 시정현천)에 미치는 영향을 모니터링 하였고, 문화재의 손상을 유발할 수 있는 환경 인자로 안개일수를 도출하였다. 보 건설 이후 여주·이천 지역의 월별 상대습도가 최대 9.6% 감소하였는데 이는 해당 연도의 강우일수 및 강수량의 감소에 의한 것이다. 남한강에 인접한 신륵사는 100 m 이내의 수변과의 거리, 평균 풍속 0.5 m/s의 안개발생 요인들로 안개가 발생하고 유지되기 좋은 입지 환경을 갖고 있다. 신륵사의 안개 발생일수를 보 설치기간에 따라 비교한 결과, 설치 직후 발생일이 53일 감소하였 다. 안개 발생시 공간에 따른 상대습도는 외부, 조사당 외부, 조사당 내부 순으로 높았고, 조사당 외부와 내부의 차이는 평균 5.4%로 확인되었다. 계절별, 공간별 모두 안개가 발생하는 날의 상대습도가 맑은 날 대비 평균 6.3% 높았다. 남한강 의 강폭·면적이 보 건설 전 대비 건설 후 1.45배 증가하여 향후 증발량 증가에 따른 안개발생일수 변화가 예측됨에 따라 안개 발생과 상대습도에 대한 장기적인 모니터링이 요구된다.

The impact of a large water control project on surrounding environment(temperature and relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed, present weather and visibility) was monitored. The survey have targeted on Silleuksa temple which is located in the waterside. The number of foggy days emerged as an environmental factor that can cause damage to cultural heritage. Under construction of weir since 2011, monthly relative humidity of Yeoju and Icheon was dropped to 9.6%. It depends on decrease in the number of raining days and precipitation of each year. Silleuksa temple is contiguous to Namhan River and only 100 m away from the waterside. Average wind speed is 0.5 m/s. Silleuksa has a site environmental factors which is often foggy. The number of foggy days of Silleuksa temple declined to 53 days soon after weir's completion. In case of fog, relative humidity of outside was higher than that of outside and inside of Josadang Shrine. Relative humidity difference of outside and inside of Josadang Shrine was 5.4% on average. Relative humidity of the number of foggy days is 6.3% higher on average than that of fine days. The width and dimensions of Namhan River increased by 1.45 times after weir's construction. It can change the number of foggy days. A long-term monitoring is positively necessary on fog occurrence and relative humidity.

이 논문은 유대교와 이스라엘의 경전 중 하나인 탈무드의 등장 배경과 과정을 설명한다. 탈무드는 팔레스타인과 바빌론 지역에서 각각 집대성된 예루살렘 탈무드와 바빌론 탈무드로 나뉜다. 바빌론 탈무드는 예루살렘 탈무드에비해 보다 광범위하고 동시에 보다 잘 다듬어진 것으로 평가되고 있다. 결과적으로 많은 학자와 유대인들은 바빌론 탈무드에 대해 공부하고 집중적으로연구하고 있다. 역사적으로 두 개의 탈무드가 어떻게 형성되었고 왜 유대교는 바빌론 탈무드의 권위를 보다 더 인정하고 있을까? 이 질문에 대한 답을 찾기 위해 본연구는 두 탈무드가 형성된 역사적 과정을 살펴보았다. 특히 경전의 권위를뒷받침하는 정치·종교적 요인을 집중적으로 분석하면서 두 탈무드의 등장과발전 그리고 권위 형성과정을 분석하였다. 두 탈무드의 문체적 그리고 권위적 차이는 크게 세 가지 요인으로 설명될수 있다. 첫째, 바빌론 탈무드가 예루살렘 탈무드에 비해 역사적으로 보다 늦게 집대성되었다는 점에서 보다 긴 시간적 여유를 가지고 수정 및 편집될 수있었다. 바빌론 지역에 거주하는 성직자와 학자들은 예루살렘 탈무드를 접하면서 보다 포괄적으로 그리고 문학적으로 보완할 수 있었다. 둘째, 팔레스타인보다 안정적인 바빌론 지역의 정치적 상황이 종교와 이념을 더욱 발전시킬수 있는 환경을 제공하였다. 팔레스타인 거주 유대인들이 로마제국의 지속적인 박해와 탄압을 받으면서 폭동을 일으키던 반면 페르시아 제국의 통치 하에서 바빌론 유대인들은 상대적으로 평화롭고 안정적인 공동체를 유지할 수있었다. 마지막으로 양 지역의 정치·종교적 환경도 상당히 달랐다. 팔레스타인 지역에서는 로마제국이 기독교를 국교로 받아들이면서 유대인들은 소수종파로 전락했고 여러 사안에 있어서 로마 당국과 종교 및 이념적으로 충돌했다. 결과적으로 탈무드에 대한 편집은 상당히 시급히 그리고 불완전한 상태로이루어졌다. 반면 바빌론 지역에서도 조로아스터교와 기독교가 도입되었지만페르시아 당국은 종교적 차별정책을 취하지 않았다. 종교 및 이념적 갈등이 심각하지 않은 상황에서 바빌론 지역의 랍비와 학자들은 보다 차분하고 안정된 분위기에서 탈무드의 편집을 마칠 수 있었다.

With the PyeongChang Winter Olympics and Paralympics as an impetus, the two Koreas and the United States have cast diplomatic maneuvers incessantly to devise a peaceful solution to the North Korean nuclear issue and the Korean Peninsula issue overall. Recently, the inter?Korean Summit and DPRK?U.S. summit resulted in the signing of the Panmunjeom Declaration and the Joint Statement in Singapore after talks for North Korea’s complete denuclearization and the peace regime on the Korean Peninsula. In addition, Pyongyang declared that the byungjin line was successfully carried out and announced that the state will focus on “economic construction.” Nevertheless, the Kim Jong Un regime’s credibility and resolve for denuclearization are the preconditions for peace and prosperity of the Korean Peninsula. In this sense, this article commences with two research questions: Why has the Kim Jong Un regime changed its economic development strategy, departing from the previous byungjin line?; and How can we understand North Korea’s changes in a national policy? Most of all, this paper will analyze the inuence of North Korea’s transition to an “economy-first” strategy this year on the politics of the Korean Peninsula and discuss the South Korean government’s strategy regarding North Korea for peace on the Korean Peninsula in the future.

Recently, character motion have been used extensively in the entertainment business, and researchers have investigated algorithms of reproducing, editing, and simulating mimic human movements. Also, many recent researches have suggested how a character interacts with its surrounding environment in terms of motion. Specially, spatial relationships of the environment have been introduced for adapting and preserving character motion. In this paper, we propose a motion adaptation technique preserving a spatial property between a virtual character and the configuration of its surrounding space. Additionally, we report on experimental results of smoothly adapted motions in various environmental structures with original motions such as walk, jump, and tumbling.

The age of autonomous vehicles has come according to development of high performance sensing and artificial intelligence technologies. And importance of the vehicle's surrounding environment sensing and observation is increasing accordingly because of its stability and control efficiency. In this paper we propose an integrated platform for efficient networking, analysis and monitoring of multiple sensing data on the vehicle that are equiped with various automotive sensors such as GPS, weather radar, automotive radar, temperature and humidity sensors. From simulation results, we could see that the proposed platform could perform realtime analysis and monitoring of various sensing data that were observed from the vehicle sensors. And we expect that our system can support drivers or autonomous vehicles to recognize optimally various sudden or danger driving environments on the road.

본 연구는 공공시설물인 버스정류장의 특성을 조사하기 위해 이용자 행동유형(행동조사+선호도)과 관련된 연구를 진행하였다. 세부적인 분석에서는 버스정류장 속성분석과 특성을 조사하기 위해 각 지역자치단체에 설치된 50개의 샘플을 대상으로 수량화 3류(Quantification theory type 3) 분석을 실시하였다. 실험결과 버스정류장은 유동인구가 많음/적음, 기능적인, 단순함의 4개 축과 회사 밀집형 대도시, 지역성이 강한 지방도시, 유동인구가 많은 학교 앞, 한적한 시골마을, 박물관 같은 특정장소, 유동인구가 많은 농촌지역의 특성에 따라 버스정류장의 유형에 차이가 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 위와 같이 본 연구에서는 지역적 특성에 맞도록 시설물 자체의 조형성 이외에도 지역 환경, 이용자 특성 등이 고려된 디자인이 진행될 수 있도록 버스정류장 속성을 종합하여 세부항목을 제시하였다. 또한, 위의 내용을 바탕으로 지역 환경적 특성에 맞는 디자인과 모델이 적용된다면 앞으로 공공시설물로서 이용자에게 보다 긍정적인 평가를 받을 수 있는 공공디자인이 진행될 것이다.

This study had been carried out based on the users' behavioral pattern in order to survey characteristics of bus station, a public facility. As a detailed analysis, quantification theory type 3 was performed based on 50 number of samples installed at each local governments as targets in order to evaluate bus station attributes and to survey its characteristics. As a result of this experiment, it was revealed that installation pattern of bus station would differ depending on characteristics of four axis of migrating population density, functionality and simplicity, metropolitan city of densely populated companies, local city with strong locality, the front of school with dense migrating population, secluded rural village, specific place like museum, rural area with dense migrating population. Therefore, in this study, detailed items were suggested comprehensively so that the design considering local environment and users' characteristics, in addition to modeling features of bus stations suitable for local characteristics, could be progressed. If any design and model complying with local environmental features based on above contents should be applied, bus station would be assessed by the users more positively in the future.

Community-acquired antimicrobial resistant bacteria are an emerging problem whole world-wide. Generally, Hands are main mediator of pathogen transmission as compared with other body parts. So, the purpose of this research was to investigate the microbiological quality and antimicrobial susceptibilities of samples which were collected from the door knob and surface in public- and home-facilities, and also hand. Of total 191 samples, 71 samples (37%) were shown to be of high-level total bacterial count (>$10^8\;CFU/cm^2$). And presence of Staphylococcus and Enteric bacilli was observed in 61 samples (32%) and 76 samples (40%), respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of staphylococcal isolates from the samples were tested for six different antimicrobial agents, which are in wide spread clinical use in Korea, as well as four new antimicrobials, daptomycin, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin and tigecycline. Among staphylococcal isolates, antimicrobial resistance were observed in oxacillin (n=6), mupirocin (n=7), vancomycin (n=1), quinupristin/dalfopristin (n=2) and gentamicin (n=5). Fortunately, all the isolates were susceptible to new antimicrobial such as daptomycin, linezolid and tigecycline. Furthermore 4 Enterococcus faecalis were isolated from four hand samples, and all these isolates exhibited multidrug resistance to four different antimicrobial (oxacillin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, mupirocin, gentamicin). Also, 5 Escherichia coli were isolated from surface in home (n=3), door knob in public facilities (n=1) and hand (n=1). Escherichia coli isolated from hand was high-level resistant to tigecycline ($128{\mu}g$/ml) and gentamicin ($64{\mu}g$/ml).

This paper concerns the assessment of impact of deep excavation on surrounding environment with emphasis on the groundwater lowering. Fundamentals of ground excavation and groundwater interaction were reviewed and the stress-pore pressure coupled analysis approach as a tool for assessment was introduced. A case study concerning the use of coupled analysis for deep excavation design was presented. Implications of the finding from from this study were discussed.