Earticle

본 연구는 최근 1년간 OTT 플랫폼을 이용한 경험이 있다고 밝힌 만 20세 이상 우리나라 국민을 모집단으로 설정 했으며, 국내 최대 시장조사업체의 도움을 받아 무작위 표본추출법을 통해 온라인 설문조사를 실시했다. 아울러 설문에 참여한 1,184명 가운데 불성실 응답치를 보인 149명을 제외한 1,035명의 자료를 분석에 활용했다. 경제가치 추정기법 가운데 하나인 이산형 선택실험법을 적용한 본 연구는 선행연구 고찰과 포커스그룹 인터뷰를 통해 8개의 속성을 개발했 으며 속성별로 2~3개의 수준을 부여해 선택 집합을 도출했다. 또 본 연구는 프로스포츠 전문 OTT 플랫폼 속성에 대한 응답자의 선호를 파악하기 위해 속성별 상대적 중요도와 한계지불의사금액을 산출했다. 프로스포츠 전문 OTT 플랫폼을 구성하는 속성들의 상대적 중요도를 파악한 결과, 월 구독료 다음으로 프로스포츠 종목 수 속성이 가장 높은 중요도를 나타냈다. 또 콘텐츠로 다루는 프로스포츠 종목이 1개 늘어날 때마다 응답자들은 928원을 월 구독료로 지불할 의사가 있다고 밝혔다. 분석 결과를 토대로 본 연구는 스포츠 전문 OTT 플랫폼이 구독자의 만족을 최대화할 수 있는 구체적 마케 팅 전략을 제시했다.

This study targeted citizens aged 20 or older who reported using OTT platforms over the past year. Data from 1,035 participants were utilized for analysis after excluding 149 respondents whose answers were deemed insincere. This research focused on examining consumer preferences and the relative importance of attributes associated with professional sports OTT platforms. This study employed the discrete choice experiment, an economic valuation technique. This study also conducted a simulation analysis based on the results of random parameter logit model estimations. The findings revealed that the 'number of professional sports events' attribute held the highest importance, followed by the 'monthly subscription fee' attribute. Furthermore, respondents showed their willingness to pay 928 Korean won as monthly subscription fee for an additional professional sport streamed by an OTT platform. Based on study results, a variety of management implications and feasible strategies were discussed to retain existing subscribers and attract new consumers.

In this study, the impact properties of aluminum honeycomb core composite are investigated through simulation analysis. The specimens are applied with different impact energies of 50 J, 70 J, and 100 J. The maximum load occurs at 3.7 ms for 50 J, 3.7 ms for 70 J and 2.3 ms for 100 J. The maximum load occurs when the striker is penetrating the upper face sheet in all cases. In case of 50 J impact energy, striker does not penetrate the lower face sheet and honeycomb core sandwich can be stable as the energy of 38 J happens. In case of 70 J impact energy, the striker penetrates into the specimen. The striker then causes the damage to the lower face sheet after penetrating the upper face sheet and the core as the energy of 53 J happens. In case of 100 J impact energy, the striker penetrates through all of the upper face sheet, core and lower face sheet as the energy of 65 J happens. This study can be utilized at the design of aluminum honeycomb core sandwich composite structure by understanding stability through the impact property.

This study aims to analyze the structural behavior on TDCB models bonded adhesively with aluminum foam composite. These simulation models are designed on the basis of British industrial and ISO standards. The variable of configuration factor(m) is set up to investigate the fracture toughness of bonded joint due to the volume of material. Equivalent stress, deformation energy, pressure at bonded part, reaction force-crack length, energy release rate-crack length are obtained by this analysis. Through the data of this study, the fracture behavior can be analyzed by applying the practical composite structure bonded with aluminum foam and the mechanical property can be understood.

Purpose: To measure the level of reflection, this study analyzes diaries written by thirdyearnursing students before and after the debriefing stage in simulation training. Aqualitative study using diary entries from 15 nursing students to explore reflectiondepth. Methods: Students engaged in simulation training and the debriefing stage, documentingtheir reflections in diaries. Before and after debriefing, reflections were ratedfrom Level 1 (reflectivity) to Level 7 (theoretical reflectivity). Results: The total numberof reflection levels rose significantly from 545 to 829 post-debriefing, enhancing higher-orderreflection.The shift signifies a move from superficial to deep reflection, highlightingdebriefing’s role in fostering critical thinking. Conclusion: The findings underscorethe critical role of debriefing in enhancing reflective thinking in nursing education. There is a demonstrated need for further research into the specific elements of debriefingthat are most effective at promoting deep reflection. Future studies should conduct comparativeanalyses of different debriefing methods and approaches across various educationalsettings. This research could lay the foundation for designing more effective debriefingstrategies that foster critical thinking and improve learning outcomes in nursingeducation.

Purpose: This study analyzed nursing students’ guided reflective journals following simulation-based practice using standardized patients for the initial care of older adults experiencing falls. It aimed to provide a deeper understanding of how changes in students’ thinking occurred through the learning experience and to describe their levels of reflection. Methods: An eight-hour simulation-based education program was implemented during a geriatric clinical practicum. The program consisted of orientation, pre-learning activities, simulation practice, and a wrap-up session. Reflective journals from 53 third-year nursing students were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Fifty-three third-year nursing students participated and submitted reflective journals. Three categories emerged from the analysis: “preparing for simulation-based practice,” which involved students setting care plans and employing observation; (2) “experiencing patient fall management through simulation-based practice,” where students actively engaged in realistic fall management scenarios; and (3) “critical reflection after simulation-based practice,” encompassing students’ acquisition of new insights and their personal growth. In the first category, students prepared for patient encounters by developing care plans and conducting observations. The second category highlighted realistic fall management scenarios utilizing standardized patients. The third category focused on personal growth through critical reflection. In the 53 reflective journals (185,021 words), level 3 reflections accounted for 31.6% of the content, while level 5, the highest reflection level, comprised only 8.6%. Conclusion: Post-simulation reflective journaling stimulated critical thinking and self-assessment, enabling nursing students to analyze and reflect deeply on clinical practices. This process reinforced their knowledge base and behavioral foundations essential for clinical practice.

Purpose: This systematic literature review and meta-analysis explored extended reality (XR)-based pediatric nursing simulation programs and analyzed their effectiveness. Methods: A literature search was conducted between May 1 and 30, 2022 in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and CINAHL. The search period was from 2000 to 2022. In total, 6,095 articles were reviewed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 14 articles were selected for the final content analysis and 10 for the meta-analysis. Dataanalysis was performed using descriptive statistics and the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis program. Results: XR-based pediatric nursing simulation programs have increased since 2019. Studies using virtual reality with manikins or high-fidelity simulators were the most common, with six studies. The total effect size was statistically significant at 0.84 (95% confidence interval=0.50-1.19, z=4.82, p<.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings, we suggest developing standardized guidelines for the operation of virtual pediatric nursing simulation education and practice. Simultaneously, theapplication of more sophisticated research designs for effect measurement and the combined applications of various virtual simulation methods are needed to validate the most effective simulation methodology.

Purpose: This study conducted a systematic analysis of the effects of virtual reality (VR)-based simulation education on nursing students’ learning outcomes.Methods: Studies involving undergraduate nursing students who received immersive or non-immersive VR?based simulation education, compared with conventional nursing education, were identified from Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, ACM Digital Library, NDSL, KISS, DBpia, and RISS, from database inception through February 28, 2025. The primary outcomes were nursing skill performance and knowledge, while the secondary outcomes were self-efficacy and confidence in nursing performance. Only randomized controlled trials were included. A total of 21 studies met the inclusion criteria and were synthesized using a random-effects meta-analysis. Effect sizes were calculated as standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: Across 21 randomized controlled trials, the meta-analysis showed that VR-based simulation education had no statistically significant effects on nursing skill performance (n = 759, SMD = 0.18; 95% CI: ?0.47 to 0.82) or confidence in nursing performance (n = 1,157, SMD = 0.12; 95% CI: ?0.20 to 0.43). In contrast, statistically significant positive effects were observed for knowledge (n = 1,009, SMD = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.57) and self-efficacy (n = 696, SMD = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.81).Conclusion: VR-based simulation education represents an effective educational approach for improving nursing students’ knowledge and self-efficacy. Future implementations should align the type and complexity of VR simulations with specific educational goals and content, while accounting for potential variation related to instructional design, learner characteristics, and outcome measures.

Background: A NaI(Tl) survey meter was used in the pediatric thyroid screening conducted after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. However, this measurement method has the weakness that it is difficult to selectively identify 131I. In this study, we analyzed the performance of an energy-analyzable NaI(Tl) spectrometer using the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS), which allows Monte Carlo simulation of radiation transport. Materials and Methods: The spectrum of energy emitted by the NaI(Tl) spectrometer was simulated for a total energy absorption peak by adjusting factors that affect pulse wave height. From these simulation results, the detection limits of the NaI(Tl) spectrometer were obtained using Monte Carlo simulation. Results and Discussion: The energy spectrum results were reproduced with an accuracy of 0.1% to 44.0% for total energy absorption peaks. The calculated detection limit for 131I activity equivalent to 100 mSv in the thyroid under a 0.2 μSv· hr−1 ambient dose rate was approximately 80–90 Bq, which could be detected for up to 38 days after 131I intake in a 1-year-old child. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that pediatric thyroid screening using an NaI(Tl) spectrometer can practically provide greater accuracy than NaI(Tl) survey meters.

본 연구에서는 도시열섬 시뮬레이션 분석 시 다양한 환경에서 시뮬레이션이 가능하도록 건축물들의 건폐율·용적률·높이 등을 변경하면서 사용 가능한 필지 내에서 3D 건축물이 생성 가능하도록 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 생성모델은 법에서 정의하고 있는 몇몇 규제를 안에서 필지의 정보만 이용하여 각 필지마다 최대로 개발할 수 있는 건축물을 생성한다. 서 울시 마포구 서교동 대상으로 알고리즘을 적용하였으며 약 30초 후 모든 필지에 건축물이 생성됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

In this study, we developed an algorithm to 3D buildings within usable pacel information by changing the occupancy rate, volume ratio, height, etc. of buildings to enable simulation in various environments.. This algorithm to create a 3D building model in a parcel that can be used in performing an urban heat island simulation. By using the information on parcels within the legal limits, a 3D building model creates a building that can be constructed to the maximum for each parcel. The algorithm was applied for parcels in Seogyo-dong, Mapo-go, Seoul, and after about 30 minutes, buildings were found to be created in all parcels.

Carton clamps and forklift attachments allow users to efficiently handle shipping units including unitized loads, large shipping cases, and crates without the need for pallets. As the use of palletless handling by clamp trucks increases, the need for simulation research on clamp truck handling also grows. This study defines an analysis model for a segment of a heavyweight corrugated package (HCP) (L ×W× D = 1,003 × 980 × 1,880 mm, weight = 1,760 N). Finite element analysis (FEA) evaluated the slippage of the HCP under various conditions, using a representative load. The FEA results indicated minimal change in slippage beyond a certain clamping pressure. The slippage was lowest when the rubber contact pad on the carton-clamp truck arm was trapezoidal. Additionally, the slippage of HCP was reduced by more than 50% when using double-wall corrugated paperboard compared to single-wall corrugated paperboard. Under the same conditions, the error between the minimum clamping pressure estimated by the improved minimum clamping pressure model and the pressure analyzed through FEA was approximately 12%. Thus, if the physical properties used in FEA are enhanced, the FEA-based simulation technique can more accurately estimate the minimum clamping pressure during carton clamp truck handling.

기후 변화와 토지 개발로 인해 산지재난의 규모가 대형화되고 그 발생빈도 또한 증가하고 있다. 국토의 64%가 산지로 구성되어 있으며 대부분의 강우가 여름철에 집중되어 있는 우리 나라는 다양 한 산지재난에 취약한 특징을 가지고 있다. 특히, 산사태, 토석류와 같은 산지 재난의 발생 빈도가 높아지면서 산지 재난 저감을 위한 대책 마련이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 토석류 발생 현장에 대한 조사를 바탕으로 토석류를 모의하고 실제 피해가 발생된 시설물에 대한 취약성을 평가하였다. 모의에 따르면 실제 토석류 피해지역과는 약 62% 정확도로 일치하였고, 실제 피해가 발생된 시설물 이 위치한 구간에서는 약 2.0~24.8kPa의 충격력이 발생하였다. 또 취약성은 0.6 보다 높은 것으로 나타났다.

The scale of mountain disasters and the frequency of their occurrence are increasing due to climate change and land development. The country of 64% is composed of mountainous areas and most of the rainfall is concentrated in summer, making Korea vulnerable to mountain disasters. In particular, as the frequency of landslides and debris flow increases, countermeasures to reduce the mountain disasters are required. In this study, we simulated the debris flow based on the investigation on site where debris flows occurred and evaluated the vulnerability of the facilities that actually damaged. The simulation result coincided with an accuracy of about 62% for the area damaged by the actual debris flow. The impact forces about 2.0 to 24.8 kPa were generated in the section where the actual damage occurred. In addition, the vulnerability was found to be higher than 0.6.

Advances in digital tools and building structure technologies have enabled more flexible architectural design, with AI-based performance design gaining considerable attention as a new design methodology. Stadium design must consider the two primary elements of sports events: athletes and spectators. Given that the facade of a stadium directly impacts solar energy efficiency, it is essential to incorporate environmental performance considerations from the initial design phase. This study employs an AI-based Generative Design process to generate a facade form that efficiently manages solar radiation and daylight, satisfying two conflicting performance objectives: max- imizing sunlight for turf growth in the pitch zone and minimizing direct sunlight exposure in the stadium seating zone. The optimal solution derived ranks 331st for pitch zone sunlight and 408th for stadium seating sunlight out of a dataset of 1,000 models. While this solution does not represent the absolute best for either individual objective, it is evaluated as the most balanced alternative, achieving the goal of maximizing sunlight in the pitch zone and minimizing it in the seating zone

게임의 세계는 최근 몇 년간 빠르게 진화해 왔다. 특히 여성 게이머들의 수가 증가하면서, 이들의 구체적인 요구를 이해할 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구는 여성 데이트 시뮬레이션 모바일 게임 및 게임 캐릭터 디자 인 분야에서 여성 게임 이용자의 요구와 선호를 분석하고자 한다. 최근에는 여성 중심의 게임에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있지만, 여성 게임 플레이어를 대상으로 한 게임은 아직 충분히 개발되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에 서는 광범위한 문헌 검토와 설문조사를 통해 여성 게이머들의 선호를 파악하고, 이를 바탕으로 여성 데이트 시뮬레이션 모바일 게임의 캐릭터 디자인 방향을 제안한다. 이를 통해 게임 디자이너 및 개발자들은 현대 여 성들의 요구를 더욱 잘 이해하고, 높은 수준의 게임을 개발할 수 있을 것이다. 더 줄일 수 있다. 그리고 제안 된 모델은 앞으로 다른 게임이나 스포츠 게임에도 적용될 것이다.

The world of gaming has been evolving rapidly over the years, and with the increase in female gamers, there is a need to understand the specific needs of female gamers. This study aims to analyze the needs of female game users and the elements of game character design through a study of female dating simulation mobile games and game character design. In recent times, there has been a growing interest in female-oriented games, and the number of female game players has been increasing steadily. However, the history of games targeting female game players is short, and these games often fail to meet the expectations of female game players. To better understand the emotional needs of modern women and the current research on female dating simulation mobile games and the development of game roles, an extensive literature review was conducted. This review helped to identify the gaps in the current research on female gaming and provided a framework for this study. In order to propose a character design direction for female dating simulation mobile games, we conducted a questionnaire survey among game players. The survey showed that female gamers have specific preferences for game character design, which include personality, occupation and appearance characteristics. Based on the results of the literature review and the questionnaire survey, this study can provide valuable insights to game designers and developers on the direction of game character design for female dating simulation mobile games. This study highlights the importance of understanding the emotional needs of modern women and creating games that appeal to female game playing furniture.

본 연구는 시뮬레이션교육에서 간호대학생의 성찰일지를 분석하여 성찰 특성을 확인하여 성찰을 지도하 기 위한 가이드라인을 제공하기 위하여 후향적 혼합연구로 수행되었다. 대상자의 성찰일지를 분석하여 자가평가 점수와 교수자의 평가점수를 비교한 양적 자료와 대상자가 평가근거로 기술한 질적 자료를 통합적으로 분석하였다. 양적 분석 결과, 자가평가한 점수와 교수자가 평가한 성찰점수는 자기평가/자가 분석(χ2=195.13, p<.001), 개선의지(χ2=215.64, p<.001)에서 교수자와 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 교수자는 대상자의 성찰수준이 성취단계 이상인 경우가 없다고 평가하였으나, 대상자는 대부분 성취단 계 이상이라고 자가평가하였다. 대상자의 평가근거를 내용분석한 질적 자료에서 대상자는 성찰과정에 참여했고, 노력하였으며 개선의지가 있기 때문에 성찰수준이 성취수준 이상이라고 평가하였다. 시뮬레 이션교육에서 학습자가 효과적인 성찰을 하도록 하는 교육이 필요하며, 향후 연구에서는 반복 연구를 통해 확인하고 성찰을 평가하고 피드백하기 위한 평가도구를 고려한 연구를 제안한다.

This study aimed to identify the levels of reflection among nursing students and provide guidelines for improvement. A retrospective, mixed-methods approach was used to analyze reflective journals from simulation-based education. Quantitative data, comparing self-evaluation scores to instructor evaluation scores, and qualitative data based on participants' self-reported rationales for their scores were analyzed in an integrated manner. The quantitative analysis revealed statistically significant differences between self-assessed and instructor-assessed reflection scores in both self-assessment/self-analysis (χ2=195.13, p <.001) and commitment to improvement (χ2=215.64, p<.001). Instructors consistently rated the students' reflection levels as below achieving, whereas students self-rated themselves as mostly above achieving. Qualitative analysis revealed that participants believed their reflections were successful due to proactive participation, effort, and a willingness to improve. Future studies should replicate these findings and explore evaluation tools that provide feedback to enhance reflective practices.

About 50 years ago, authority of physics academy concluded that Big bang theory is right by the discovery of Cosmic Microwave Background radiation (CMB). But soon, people found serious problem in the Big bang theory so conception called ‘Inflation’ invited, which implies that there was great expansion of space after Big bang between 10-30 s and 10-33 s ~ 10-32 s. At that time, inflaton that caused inflation included asymmetry throughout space. After the inflation, the energy that inflaton had was released as the form of a matter. So, asymmetric inflaton also derived asymmetry of matter. Because of this asymmetry, large scale structure and CMB became to have these days’ shape. In this research, we are going to set simple model of inflaton that contains asymmetry and compare with these day’s CMB by using laplace series. Finally, we could get a result that resemble our universe’s CMB power spectrum.

미시적 시뮬레이션 모델은 차량과 차량, 차량과 교통제어와의 개별차량 상호작용을 분석할 수 있어 교통공학 분야에 광범위하게 사용되고 있다. 미시 교통 시뮬레이션 모형을 이용하여 교통시스템을 분석 및 평가할 때 많은 고려요소가 있다. 이 요소들은 현장의 분석 대상지, 시뮬레이션 소프트웨어, 분석 시간, 평가 척도, 패러미터, OD 자료, 랜덤 넘버 등을 포함한다. 이러한 요소들이 미시적 시뮬레이션 결과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 평가하기 위해 CORSIM과 TRANSIMS 결과를 토대로 민감도 분석이 실시되었다. 휴스톤에 위치한 I-10과 US290, 샌안토니오에 위치한 I-37 고속도로가 분석에 이용되었다. 오전 첨두, 오후 첨두, 비첨두 시간이 분석되었고, 세 개의 OD 자료가 이용되었다. 분석결과 모델의 패러메터와 OD 자료가 가장 큰 영향을 주었다. 또한 분석대상지와 분석 시간에 따라 민감도가 달라졌다

Microscopic simulation models, which focus on individual vehicles, are used extensively in the transportation operations in order to capture vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to traffic controls. There are many important factors involved when a micro simulation model is applied as an evaluation tool for the traffic system. They typically include test bed, software, simulation time period, measure of effectiveness, parameter for a software, OD matrix, and random seed number. To evaluate the effects of those factors, sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the effects of those factors based on CORSIM and TRANSIMS results. Three freeway corridors, two in Houston (I-10 and US 290) and one in Sin Antonio (I-37), were chosen as test beds. Three time periods (AM, PM, off-peak) and three OD matrix estimates were used for the analysis. It was found that the micro-simulation results were highly sensitive to the model Parameter sets and the OD information. The degree of sensitivity was a function of the test bed and time period.