Earticle

The monobath method is accomplished using chemical solution, as processing in a developing and fixing at the same time, into which the exposed photographic material is placed. For this study, we appointed some values to be a standard that to coming as a results by normal processing with the developer D-76 for film Fuji Neopan SS 35mm, and which is compared with a monobath process. The experimental results show that processed condition is useful and applicable in monobath, for FX-6a and Keelan No.315.

본 연구는 오픈스튜디오에서의 미술작업이 인생 후반기를 준비하는 중년여성에게 자기치유로서 어떠한 경험이 되었는지 탐색하는 것이다. 나아가 경험의 의미를 분석하고 경험을 돕는 요인은 무엇인지 논하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 미술을 전공하지 않은 50대 중년여성 3인을 대상으로 내러티브 탐구 방법론을 적용하였다. 내러티브 탐구는 인간 삶의 경험을 연구대상으로 하며 참여자의 경험을 이야기하기와 다시 이야기하기를 통해 연구한다. 내러티브 탐구의 진행을 위해 Clandinin과 Connelly(2007)의 시간, 공간, 관계의 삼차원 공간을 활용 하여 내러티브를 파악하였다. 연구 결과, 오픈 스튜디오에서 중년여성의 미술작업을 통한 자기치유로서의 경험은 중년이라는 타이밍에 미술을 시작하게 되면서 ‘기회가 왔다’, ‘오픈 스튜디오 공간에서’, ‘소통하다’, ‘발견하다’, 마주하다‘의 상위범주가 도출되었고 이를 이루는 하위주제로는 ‘표현’, ‘표출’, ‘자기이해’, ‘통찰’로 나타났다. 연구 결과를 통해 오픈 스튜디오에서 미술작업을 통한 자기치유를 돕는 요인들이 발견되었는데 제3의 손인 치료 사의 역할이 ‘표현’과 ‘표출’을 촉진시키는 요인이 되었고 오픈스튜디오가 이야기 공간으로 작용하면서 ‘자기이해’ 와 ‘통찰’을 돕는다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 결과적으로 오픈스튜디오에서의 미술작업을 통한 자기치유 경험은 인생 후반기를 준비하는 중년여성에게 자신을 발견하고 사회와 소통하는 기회를 부여함으로써 그들의 삶에 의미 있는 경험이 되었음을 밝혔다는데 의의가 있다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 중년여성의 삶에 자기치유로서의 경험을 가져다주는 오픈스튜디오의 인식이 높아지고 활성화되기를 기대한다.

This study explores the experiences of art work in open studios as self-healing for middle-a ged women preparing for the second half of their lives. Furthermore, the purpose is to analy ze the meaning of experience and discuss the factors that help the experience. To this end, narrative inquiry methodology was applied to three middle-aged women in their 50s who did not major in art. Narrative inquiry is the subject of research on the experiences of human life and is studied through telling and retelling the experiences of participants. For the progre ss of narrative inquiry, the narrative was grasped using the three-dimensional space of time, space, and relationship of Clandinin and Connelly (2007). As a result of the study, middle-ag ed women's experience as self-healing through art work in open studios was derived from the start of art under the name of middle-aged, and the upper categories of "opportunity came," "communicating," "discovery," and "face-to-face" were derived. The study found that factors that help self-healing through art work in open studios were found, and the role of a third hand therapist became a factor in promoting "expression," and it was found that open studios help "self-understanding" and "intelligence" by acting as a story space. As a result, the experience of self-healing through art work in open studios is meaningful in that it has revealed that middle-aged women preparing for the second half of their lives have become meaningful experiences in their lives by giving them the opportunity to discover themselves and communicate with society. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that the awareness of open studios that bring experiences as self-healing to middle-aged women's lives will increase and revitalize.

본 연구는 미술비전공 미술치료사가 다양한 미술작업을 체험하며, 그 과정을 통해 경험하는 것은 무엇인지, 미술 작업들이 미술비전공 미술치료사에게 주는 의미는 무엇인지를 탐구하고자 하는 목적을 가진다. 본 연구참여자는 미술치료사 중에서 학부, 석사과정에서 미술을 전공하지 않은 자로 선정하였으며. 연구참여자는 연구자를 포함하 여 총 4명이며 연구자의 저널과 참여자를 대상으로 한 서면인터뷰, 참여자들과 연구자의 미술작업을 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 질적 연구 방법 중 하나인 Giorgi의 현상학적 연구 방법을 적용하여 자료를 수집, 분석하였으며 총 7개의 핵심구성 요소와 21개의 하위구성요소가 도출되었다. 본 연구를 통해 미술비전공 미술치료사들이 미술 작업 경험에 관한 연구는 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 미술비전공 미술치료사는 미술작업 수행에 있어서 저항감과 어려움을 경험하면서도 동시에 미술에 대한 애정을 가진다. 둘째, 미술비전공 미술치료사는 다양한 미술작업 체험을 통해 미술에 대한 인식변화와 성장을 경험한다. 셋째, 미술작업은 미술치료사에게 주요한 자원이 자 힘이 되는 것을 재확인하였다. 이를 통해 미술치료사 중 많은 비중을 차지하는 미술비전공 미술치료사들의 미술작업에 대한 이해를 돕고 그들의 성장을 돕는 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것이라고 기대한다.

The purpose of this study was to inquire what non-art majored therapists experienced in creating artworks, and the meaning of these experiences. Participants in this study were selected among art therapists who did not major in art during their undergraduate or master' s degree. There were a total of four participants in the study including the researcher, and the data was collected through the researcher's journal, written interviews with participants, and artwork created by the participants and the researcher. For this qualitative research, Giorgi’s phenomenological method of analysis was adopted to analyze the collected data. The analyzed data by Giorgi’s analysis method produced seven core components, and twent y one sub-components. The result of what non-art majored therapists experienced in creati ng artworks in the study is as follows. First, these therapists not only experienced resistanc e and difficulties in creating artworks, but simultaneously showed affection towards creatin g art. Second, through the various experiences towards creating artworks, participants felt growth and changes in their perception towards art. Third, it was reconfirmed that the proce ss of art was a powerful tool to art therapists. As the researcher, hope is that this study can become base data to help non-art majored therapists who occupy a large portion of the art therapy profession in their understanding and growth.

A sewage treatment plant built with water plants and gravels in an open field has been operated for 3 years with a daily average flow of 50 m3. The quality of treated water was regularly analysed and the economic assesment of the process has been investigated. Seasonal performance of the plant has been investigated with emphasis on treatment efficiency, shock loading responses, effects of sewage evaporation rate, effects of high and low ambient temperature, long term shutdown and start-up. Analyses of sewage indicated that the quality and quantity of the sewage generated in farming and fishing villages depend mainly on the life pattern of the residents. A sewage treatment plant with mechanical equipments may have high operating costs and low treatment efficiency to treat this type of sewage.However, the sewage treatment plant suggested in this study employs natural purification processes and has showed stable long term treatment efficiency even with shock loading and ambient temperature variation. Treatment of phosphorus with mechanical processes may need high operating costs but the suggested processes using water plants and gravels removes phosphorus in natural ways resulting in high removal efficiency and low costs. The natural sewage treatment plant showed good efficiency for all year around to meet the discharge guide-lines of drinking water protection area with respect to BOD, COD, TN. TP and SS. The high treatment efficiency may be due to the action of microorganisms living attached on the surface of the gravels. However, the water plants showed limited treatment performance.

법과학자들은 범죄현장 증거물의 동정, 개별화 및 사건 재구성을 하기 위해 증거물을 기록, 인식, 분석 및 해석 능력이 요구되므로 응용과학 분야 실무 교육과 연계된 지식을 필요로 한다. New York에 위치하고 1964년에 설립된 John Jay 대학의 Criminal Justice는 지방, 주와 연방법 집행인을 위한 교육시설의 선두자로써 국제적으로 인정받고 있으며 그 중 Forensic science(법과학)학과는 800명 이상의 학부생과 석사과정의 학생이 범죄학, 분자생물학, 독성학의 세 분야에서 전공교육을 받을 수 있다. 법과학 전 공의 졸업생들은 FBI, DEA, ATF, USPS, SS, CIA, DOJ, 군대와 United States fish and Wildlife Services 와 같은 연방, 주, 지방 정부기관과 법과학, 독성학 실험실, 검시관/coroner offices, 병원, 대학, 경찰서에 서 활동하고 있다. 특수지인 감열, 감압지에 유류된 지문에 1,2-indanedione으로 현출하고 PCR-STR DNA profiles를 위한 추출방법이 확립되었다. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorohism (AFLP) profiles의 방법으로 40 Acerrubrum trees 개별화에 의한 식물 증거물의 종을 결정하기 위한 방법으로의 이용 가능성 을 확인하였으며 법곤충학에서의 응용가능성 및 앞으로의 연구과제 등에 대해 소개하였다.

Every crime leaves traces. This physical record is used by Forensic Scientists for identification, individualization, and reconstruction of the sequence of events. John Jay College of Criminal Justice is the only liberal arts college with a criminal justice focus in the United States. Founded in 1964 John Jay College is internationally recognized as a leader in forensic science and research. The faculty in the Department of Sciences at John Jay College specialize in various areas in the physical and biological sciences. Nationally recognized experts in the field of Forensic Science are housed at John Jay College. Graduates of John Jay College are well equipped to take advantage of the many opportunities available in forensic science and related fields. The research environment at John Jay is diverse and stimulating. Student and faculty present their research at local, national, and international conferences and publish in top-tier journals in the field. The effect of 1,2- indanedione on the ability to generate PCR-STR profiles from fingerprints deposited on thermal and carbonless paper was discussed. The development of genetic markers for botanical material using AFLP was presented.

최근 디자인영역에서 사회가 가지고 있는 문제나 이슈를 협업으로 해결해가는 소셜디자인 프로젝트가 주목되고 있다. 연구의 목적은 사회적 문제를 디자인비즈니스 관점에서 해결 하는 실행과정 속에 학습적 만족도를 높이는 것이다. 본 연구 는 교양교육과정인 ʻ디자인비즈니스ʼ 강좌로 문제기반학습(P BL)을 적용하여 진행되었다. 첫 번째 설계 단계에서는 PBL 수업의 가장 큰 특징인 ‘좋은 문제’를 제시하기 위해 프로젝 트 기획 단계에서 전문가 집단의 점검을 실시하였고, 학습자 에게 ‘푸드트럭 생산 및 판매’ 와 ‘푸드트럭 운영’ 등 2가지 프 로젝트를 제시하였다. 학습자는 2가지 프로젝트 중 관심 있는 주제를 선택하여 팀을 구성하였다. 실행단계에서는 문제해결 을 위한 방법으로 문제 탐색, 문제 공감, 문제 재확인 등 과정 별로 제시하였다. 문제 해결안 생성 과정에서는 전략분석, 이 미지분석, 경영분석의 등의 순서로 진행하였다. 이러한 문제 해결 과정 속에서 학습자는 팀 내에서의 역할분담과 문제에 대한 토론 및 협의의 과정들을 반복 학습함으로써 자기성찰 과 실행이 가능하였다. 마지막 평가 단계에서는 프로젝트의 실행단계평가와 학습자만족도 평가를 통해 디자인교육 프로 그램을 검증할 수 있었다. 그 결과 PBL수업을 적용한 디자인 교육 프로그램 개발은 사회 문제를 해결할 수있는 중추적 역 할로써 디자인 분야임을 확인할 수 있었다. 아울러 PBL수업 을 경험한 학습자들은 변화하는 사회의 다양한 문제를 인식 하고 해결하는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

Recently, In the field of design, there is a growing focus on social design projects that address societal problems and issues through collaborative efforts, garnering signifi cant attention. The purpose of the study is to increase lea rning satisfaction in the implementation process of solvin g social problems from the perspective of design busines s through teamwork in the liberal arts course. This study was conducted by applying problem-based learning to th e 'Design Business' class, a liberal arts course. First, ‘go od problems' were presented to learners through a group of experts to select topics, which are the biggest characte ristics of PBL classes. It is two projects -'Production and Sales of Food Trucks' and 'Operation of Food Trucks'. The learner formed a team by selecting a topic of interest among the two projects. In the implementation stage, it was possible to find solutions for problem solving by pro cess, such as problem exploration, problem empathy, and problem identification for problem solving by team. In the process of preparing the problem-solving plan, it was co nducted in the order of strategic analysis, image analysis, and management analysis. In this problem-solving proce ss, learners were able to self-reflect and implement by re peatedly learning the process of role-sharing and discuss ion and consultation on problems within the team. In the final evaluation stage, the design education program coul d be verified through evaluation of the execution stage of the project and evaluation of learner satisfaction. As the result, development of design education programs with P BL applied is confirmed as a field of design, as a pivotal roles in solving social problems. PBL class experience wi ll help the learners recognize and solve various problems in a changing society.

Lee, Da-hyun. “Screen Language on Textual Equivalent: Equivalent of the Marked Structure Language Semiotics(LS).” Studies on English Language & Literature. 35.4(2009): 109-123. Screen language is an information dissemination media for screen semiotics(SS) that is formed according to the supplementation and the clarification of the signal phenomenon and pictures. Screen translation based on the understanding of the salient ‘aspect’, as the first contact in the source language to offer a combination of mark-induced media has become an important practice. Screen translation is the process of fixing and supplementing signs into a target screen text by the phenomena of the semiotics. As for how to translate the screen language, seeing from the methodology, the first contact(translator) and the other contacts(spectator) to receive the image of language there is disparity between the starting points on the significance of the interpretation of the critical language semiotics of the screen language. Therefore, the investigation into the view of the original text is necessary. (Baek Seok Arts University)

Modern clothes are part of formative arts and express experimentation and originality. This tendency is especially prominent in structural fashion. This study set out to analyze structural fashion in various aspects, examining and analyzing the expressive and formative characteristics of Deformation and contribute to the development of creative fashion design. The approach of peer debriefing was used with three fashion experts to identify structural clothes in the women's haute couture collections from a total of 24 seasons from S/S of 2008 to F/W of 2019. The clothes with Deformation characteristics were then identified to analyze expressive and formative characteristics. The expressive characteristics of Deformation in structural clothes were exaggeration, distortion, and recombination. Exaggeration was expressed with exaggerated sizes, forms, and excessive use. Distortion was expressed with distorted forms and functions and through optical illusions. Recombination was expressed with the recombination of forms and roles. The formative characteristics of Deformation were maximum, playfulness, and unfamiliarity. The study connected the expressive characteristics to the formative ones and examined them simultaneously, finding that "distortion" and "playfulness" represented the expressive and formative characteristics, respectively. The characteristics of Deformation are expressed in various ways in structural fashion. If they are considered, they will make valuable contributions to creative ideas.

Neither credited with the title of a book reviewer, nor crowned with the achievements of numerous book reviews, Zhu Guangqian, as a master of aesthetics and artistic theory, somehow did took an active part in the 1930ss heated discussions of book review arts which used the issue of art of the Da Kong Bao as a battlefield. He made unique contributions to the development of book review arts and, under the guidelines of his prospective, he wrote a good number of characteristic book reviews. As a result, he proposed a series of review theories, which values the self-possession of the subject of review, applies the image-like and creative methods and, aims exclusively at serving the readers. Now in the modern time, another look of us at his theories is very much likely to play a constructive part in the contempory book review practice.