Earticle

본 연구는 재사용 패키지디자인을 접했을 때 사용자가 폐기하지 않고 실행으로 옮겨질 가능성을 높이기 위한 재사용 패키지디자인의 방안을 모색하는 것이다. 이를 위해 재사용 패키지디자인의 사례를 수집하여 다양한 활용도의 범위에 대해 살펴보았고, 실행으로 옮겨지기까지 작용하는 9가지 요소(창의성, 실용성, 심미성, 유희성, 희소성, 필요성, 장기 사용률, 제품연관성, 변형 난이도)를 추출하여 실행가능성과의 관련성을 설문조사하여 분석하였다. 그 분석결과를 바탕으로 재사용 패키지디자인의 방안을 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 다양한 아이디어와 결합하여 활용도의 범위를 넓혀 사용자가 다양한 경험을 할 수 있도록 개발한다. 둘째, 9가지 요소 중 실행가능성과 관련이 높은 장기 사용률, 필요성, 심미성에 중점을 둔다면 실행으로 옮겨질 가능성이 높을 것이다.

The purpose of this study is to find methods of reusable package design for improving applicability without being discarded when users use reusable package design. For achieving this purpose, the scopes of various uses were examined, based on reusable package design cases and nine elements (creativity, practicality, esthetics, amusement, scarcity, necessity, long-term utilization rate, product relevance and difficulty of transformation), which influence until it is applied, were extracted. Then a survey on the correlation with applicability was conducted. Based on the analysis findings, methods of reusable package design are as follows. First, there is a need to combine with diverse ideas and broaden the scope of use for providing diverse experiences to users. Second, focusing on long-term utilization rate, necessity and aesthetics, which are highly related to applicability, would increase the possibility of application.

In order to reduce packaging and logistics costs for any business, it is important to identify opportunities for improvement throughout an entire logistics system including measurement of the performance and cost of packaging. Although the importance of packaging in a supply chain has been recognized by many scholars and experts, the total cost and value of packaging have not been successfully estimated. This paper reviews the recent researches and articles that tried to quantify the value of packaging focusing on the business decision between reusable and expendable shipping container systems. Three key factors such as cost, ownership, and standardization are identified and discussed in terms of impact on supply chain costs and performances. It is important to understand that the decision of a package system can change a logistics activities and even entire logistical system. Hence, the total cost and value of transport packaging should be calculated with understanding of interactions with logistical activities throughout supply chain. Identifying the opportunities and constraints of packaging changes on total logistics cost and activities must be carefully examined before implementation of a packaging system.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to check the degree of residual microbial contamination after disinfection of reusable suction containers, used in an intensive care unit (ICU) and present basic data for efficient use through cost analysis in comparison to disposable suction containers. Method: This study was conducted on 32 reusable suction containers used in an ICU on a selected specific day. After disinfection and washing, specimens were collected from the used containers and cultured to check for microbial contamination. Additionally, a comparative narrative study analyzes the cost of using reusable suction containers and disposable suction containers. Data were analyzed with the SPSS WIN 20.0 program using real numbers and percentage χ2-test. Results: As a result of the study, microorganisms were found in all samples where in 30 were gram-positive (62.5%) while 13 were gram-negative (27.1%). Based on level of contamination, microorganisms were less than 10CFU/ml in 18 samples (56.3%); 11-99CFU/ml in six samples (18.8%); and more than 100CFU/ml in eight samples (25%). Cost per day for a reusable suction container was 10,655 + α while cost per day for a disposable suction container was 10,666 won. Conclusion: This study found that reusable suction containers, even after disinfection, accounted for factors of potential infection as well as microbial contamination. So, disposable suction containers are superior in cost-effectiveness and highly efficient for use with infected patients.

퍼지 추출기는 노이즈가 섞여 입력값이 항상 같지 않은 생체 데이터로 키를 생성하여 생체 정보 노출 없이 안전하게 인증을 수행하는 바이오-암호화 기술이다. 그러나 한 사용자가 생체 데이터를 여러 서버에 등록할 경우 퍼지 추출기의 인증 과정에서 키를 올바르게 추출하기 위해 공개되는 정보인 보조 데이터에 대한 다양한 공격으로 키가 노출될 수 있다. 따라서 여러 서버에 같은 사람의 생체 데이터를 등록해도 안전한 재사용 가능한 퍼지 추출기에 관한 연구가 많이 이루어지고 있으나, 현재까지 제시된 연구들은 키 길이가 늘어남에 따라 키를 복구하는 과정의 횟수가 점진적으로 증가하여 효율적이지 않고 보안성 높은 시스템에 적용하기 힘들다. 이에 본 논문에서는 키 길이가 늘어나도 인증 과정의 수행 횟수가 같거나 비슷한 LWE 기반의 효율적이고 재사용 가능한 퍼지 추출기를 설계하였고, 제안 기법이 Apon et al.[5]이 정의한 재사용의 안전성을 만족함을 보였다.

Fuzzy extractor is a biometric encryption that generates keys from biometric data where input values are not always the same due to the noisy data, and performs authentication securely without exposing biometric information. However, if a user registers biometric data on multiple servers, various attacks on helper data which is a public information used to extract keys during the authentication process of the fuzzy extractor can expose the keys. Therefore many studies have been conducted on reusable fuzzy extractors that are secure to register biometric data of the same person on multiple servers. But as the key length increases, the studies presented so far have gradually increased the number of key recovery processes, making it inefficient and difficult to utilize in security systems. In this paper, we design an efficient and reusable fuzzy extractor based on LWE with the same or similar number of times of the authentication process even if the key length is increased, and show that the proposed algorithm is reusably-secure defined by Apon et al.[5].

High efficiency production requires the improved performance of CAD/CAM system. Although the CAD and CAM have been significantly developed over the last three decades, they must still study on the reuse of information during process. In this study, we developed a new integrated CAD/CAM system which can reuse the information generated in previous processes, in order to improve its performance. In addition, the developed system was verified by comparing with working-time, and system reproducibility was also examined with tolerance in the unmanned operation. Experimental results showed 58% reduction in working-time of 2D Auto-CAM module, 80% in case of 3D Auto-Exchange module, and 54.5% in case of Auto-Design module.

본 논문은 온톨로지의 텍사노미에게 강력한 계층분류, 정확성, 그리고 상호운용성이 성공적인 재사용가능한 정보관리시스템을 위해서 요구되는 이유에 대한 이론적설명을 서술한다. 수많은 가용정보중 이용자의 요구와 정보관리시스템이 보유한 적절한 정보를 연결하는 것은 정보학이 성취해야하는 목적일 것이다. 컴퓨터기술과 방대한양의 정보를 처리하는 기술력의 발전으로 이 목적은 가시화되고 있다. 본 연구는 분류학자들과의 심층인터뷰를 통해 최종이용자들을 위한 지식기반정보시스템의 가용성과 상호운용성에 대한 쟁점들에 대해 토론한다. 효과적인 정보관리시스템을 위해 온톨로지는 뛰어난 텍사노미를 요구하며, 텍사노미는 강력한 상호운용성을 필요로 한다. 본 논문은 특히 정보관리의 측면에서 상호운용성의 요소가 효과적인 텍사노미 구성의 주요요소임을 제안한다.

This exploratory study outlines the rationalization of why Ontology's taxonomy requires a strong hierarchy, accuracy, and interoperability in order to be used as a successfully re-useable information management system. Finding the relevant information in a plethora of possible resources by bridging the gap between the user's needs and the resources of the information technology system is the goal that the information management field should find a way to achieve. This study is based on discussions and interviews with a taxonomist, information architect, and information manager, whose discussions were based on the usability and interoperability of the knowledge based information systems. These professional perspectives are necessary as they are the liaison between users and the information technology group. We found that in order for information managers to ensure successful sharing of knowledge across the end users, a common sense language must be issued in order to achieve reasoning for the artificial intelligence system.

본 연구의 목적은 지식경영을 도입하는 기업에 도움이 되는 성공요인을 제공하기 위함이다. 이를 위해 삼성 SDS의 지식경영 추진 사례를 분석하여 이들이 어떻게 성공적으로 지식경영을 도입하였는지 살펴보고자 한다. 이들의 추진과정을 통해 나타난 실패와 성공 과정을 통해 지식경영을 도입함에 있어서 실패를 줄이기 위해 고려해야 하는 요소들을 살펴보고 궁극적으로 성공에 도달하기 위해서 살펴보아야 할 요인들을 제공하고자 한다.

The purpose of this study is to provide success factors to help the firms who are supposed to initiate knowledge management. To do this, this study investigate the case of knowledge management practice of Samsung SDS in detail. In doing so, we can identify the success factors for knowledge management. We can find failure and success factors through knowledge management in Samsung SDS. By doing so, it may be possible to “how to do it”. “It” is about introduction to the knowledge management.

본 연구는 재사용 가능한 디자인 시스템 구출을 위한 프레임워크 제안을 위해 아토믹 디자인 시스템을 기반으로 블록을 구성하여 조합하는 방법에 대해 알아보았다. 그를 위해 디자인 시스템의 필요성과 스노우화이트, 스큐어모픽 디자인, 플랫디자인 및 머티리얼 디자인의 사례를 우선적으로 살펴보았다. 또 화학의 원리를 메타포로 사용하는 아토믹 디자인의 분자, 원자, 유기체, 템플릿 그리고 페이지를 문헌 연구를 통해 정의하였다. 새로운 프레임 워크를 구현하기 위해 인터페이스 인벤토리를 구성하고 그 중에서 폰트, 컬러, 이미지와 컨트롤 요소를 핵심 시각 요소로 추출하여 가이 드라인을 정의하였으며 그를 바탕으로 분자 요소를 분류하고 원자로 구성할 수 있었다. 블록은 콘텐츠 인벤토리에서 가장 많이 사용되는 디자인 패턴을 기반으로 블록 형태고 구성되도록 하여 블록의 조합을 통해 시각적 그리드를 바탕으 로 레이아웃을 구현하고 페이지를 디자인하도록 프레임워크를 구성하였다. 새로운 프레임워크는 블록의 재사용으로 팀 의 일관성과 협업을 도우며 파일의 공유와 업데이트를 지원한다는 것에 본 논문의 의의가 있다.

This study investigated the method of constructing and combining blocks based on the atomic design system in order to propose a framework for rescue of a reusable design system. For that, I first looked at the necessity of a design system and examples of snow white, skeuomorphic design, flat design, and material design. In addition, molecules, atoms, organisms, templates and pages of atomic design using the principles of chemistry as metaphors were defined through literature studies. In order to implement a new framework, an interface inventory was constructed, and among them, font, color, image and control elements were extracted as core visual elements, and guidelines were defined, and molecular elements were classified and composed of atoms based on them. Blocks are constructed in the form of blocks based on the design pattern most used in the content inventory, and the framework is constructed to implement a layout based on a visual grid and design a page through a combination of blocks. The significance of this paper is that the new framework helps team consistency and collaboration by reusing blocks and supports file sharing and updating.

In this study, we conducted a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of two different products, considering reusable and single-use packaging for fresh food distribution. For reusable packaging, we utilized expanded polyethylene (EPE), while for comparison, a disposable box made of widely used expanded polystyrene (EPS) was selected. We comprehensively analyzed the environmental impacts of production, transportation, reprocessing (for reused boxes), and disposal across 18 impact categories. Upon analyzing the actual reuse of 300 rounds of fresh food, the cumulative global warming potential (GWP) values for the EPE box were found to be 280.21 kg carbon dioxide (CO2) eq, demonstrating a significant 75% reduction compared to those of the EPS box. Furthermore, it was observed that the GWP values for the EPE boxes became equivalent to those of the EPS boxes after 12 rounds of reuse. In conclusion, reusable packaging shows substantial potential to contribute to the reduction of environmental burdens, aligning well with global environmental requirements for sustainable food distribution and related industries.

The details of the test frames, test instruments, set-up procedures, and test procedures were presented. The column and beam were connected by slit-plate dampers could initiate the plastic deformation during cyclic loading before damage develops in the beam and column. The precast concrete slab was designed releasable. The primary objective of this test was to verify structural performance of full-scale reusable steel frame. Test results confirm that the reusable frame showed stable hysteretic behavior without any serious damage up to a drift angle of 0.03rad.

클라우드 환경이 서로 다른 플랫폼의 연계 및 결합 운영으로 전환됨에 따라 클라우드 동기화 및 관리를 수행하는 멀 티 클라우드 기술의 중요도가 높아지고 있다. 그러나, 가상 머신을 구축하는 측면의 멀티 클라우드 기술은 단순히 가상 머신을 복제하여 활용하는 마이그레이션이 중점적으로 연구되고 있으며, 가상 머신 리소스의 부분적인 결합을 통해 클라우드 리소스의 재사용성을 높이는 기술 연구는 부족하다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 기운영되는 클라우드 가 상 머신 구성 요소 간의 유사도 유형과 정량화 방법을 정의하고 가상 머신의 탄력적인 변경 및 운영을 지원할 수 있 는 유사도 기반 가상 머신 분석 방법을 제시한다. 그리고, 가상 머신의 유사도 정량화의 방안으로 가상 머신을 구성 하는 핵심적인 요소인 소프트웨어와 하드웨어 리소스를 수치화하는 방안을 제시하고, 이를 활용한 가상 머신 유사성 을 도출하는 기법을 제시한다. 또한, 가상 머신 간 유사성에 기반하여 가상 머신을 구축하고 운영에 적용할 수 있는 아키텍처와 프로세스를 제시한다. 제안한 기법을 실제 클라우드 플랫폼인 오픈스택에 적용한 사례 연구를 수행하여 가상 머신 간의 유사성을 도출하는 과정을 나타내었다. 또한, 성능적 유사도의 적용 가능성을 확인하기 위한 실험으 로 스트레스 내구성 평가 결과, 기존 가상 머신 기준 0.988초의 CPU 내구성이 유사도 반영 대치 후 2.983초로 CPU 내구성의 향상을 확인하였다. 이 유사성 분석 방법은 멀티 클라우드 가상 머신을 운영시 가상 머신의 배치를 위한 군집화나 가상 머신의 탄력적인 변경 등 가상 머신 관리의 기반 기술로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

As the cloud environment transitions to the interconnection and combined operation of different platforms, the importance of multi-cloud technology that performs cloud synchronization and management is increasing. However, multi-cloud technology in terms of building virtual machines is mainly studied in migration that simply replicates and utilizes virtual machines, and there is a lack of research on technologies that increase the reusability of cloud resources through partial combination of virtual machine resources. Therefore, in this paper, we define the types and quantification methods of similarity between existing cloud virtual machine components and propose a similarity-based virtual machine analysis method that can support flexible changes and operations of virtual machines. In addition, as a method for quantifying the similarity of virtual machines, we propose a method for quantifying software and hardware resources, which are core elements that make up virtual machines, and we present a technique for deriving virtual machine similarity using this. Additionally, we present an architecture and process for building and operating virtual machines based on similarities between virtual machines. We conducted a case study applying the proposed technique to OpenStack, an actual cloud platform, and verified that similarities between virtual machines were analyzed and derived. In addition, as a result of the stress durability evaluation, an experiment to verify the applicability of performance similarity was conducted, and the CPU endurance was improved from 0.988 seconds based on the existing virtual machine to 2.983 seconds after similarity reflection. It is expected that this similarity analysis method can be utilized as a basic technology for virtual machine management, such as clustering for virtual machine placement or flexible changes to virtual machines when operating multi-cloud virtual machines.

재사용가능의료기기(Reusable Medical Devices)는 한명 이상의 환자에게 사용하거나, 한 환자에게 여러 번의 시 술과정에서 사용할 목적으로 세척, 소독 또는 멸균 등의 재처리(Reprocessing)를 수행하여야 하는 의료기기이다. 세척, 소 독, 멸균 등 재처리방법은 환자간 교차감염 방지를 위해 그 유효성이 입증되어야 하며, 이는 밸리데이션 등으로 입증 할 수 있다. 미국 등 해외 선진국에서는 재처리 밸리데이션을 위한 가이드라인이 및 시험규격이 발간되고 있으나, 국 내에서는 아직 구체적인 밸리데이션 기법에 대한 안내자료가 부족한 실정이다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 세척, 소독 및 멸균 밸리데이션 시 필요한 기술적 이해를 돕고, 과학적인 밸리데이션의 기술적 적용을 위한 해외 관련 정보 및 각 밸리데이션 기법에 대해 기술하였다. 본 연구의 결과로 작성된 재사용가능의료기기 평가 가이드라인을 통해 세척, 소독, 멸균 등 밸리데이션 수행 시 참고 기술자료뿐만 아니라 국내·외 인허가시 요구되는 대응자료로서의 활용을 기대한다.

Reusable Medical Devices is a medical device that is used for more than one patient or for a patient to perform reprocessing such as cleaning, disinfection, or sterilization for use in multiple procedures. Reprocessing methods, such as Washing, disinfection, and sterilization, should be proven effectiveness to preventing cross infection between patients, which can be proved by validation and the like. Guidelines and test standards for reprocessing validation are published in advanced countries such as the United States, but there is not enough information on specific validation techniques in South Korea. For this purpose, this study provides the technical understanding necessary for cleaning, disinfection and sterilization validation, and describes overseas related information and validation techniques for technical application of scientific validation. As a result of this study, it is expected that used not only as reference data but also as technical data for domestic and foreign certification when conduct the reprocessing validation such as cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization.

본 연구는 일회용 종이컵의 대안으로 관공서 업무환경에 도입된 다회용컵의 환경영향 저감효과를 분석하였다. ISO 14044 표준 절차에 따라, 1회 대여-반납-세척 사이클을 연구의 기능단위로 설정하여 요람에서 무덤까지(Cradle-to-Grave) 전과정평가(LCA)를 수행하였다. 다회용컵 생산 업체와 세척 서비스 제공업체로부터 데이터를 수집하고, 유틸리티(전력, 용수) 사용량에 대하여서는 경제적 할당을 수행하였다. EDP2013 방법을 사용하여 6가지 영향 범주를 평가한 결과, 세척 중 물 사용량은 지구온난화, 자원고갈, 산성화, 부영양화의 주요 원인으로 나타났으며, 오존층영향은 세제의 생산, 광화학스모그는 폴리프로필렌 생산으로 인한 환경영향이 높았다. 이를 일회용 종이컵 사용과 비교했을 때, 다회용컵 1회 사용은 4가지 범주에서 더 높은 환경 부담을 유발했지만, 오존층영향과 광화학스모그에서는 감소했다. 이는 다회용컵 사용에서 환경영향 저감효과를 얻기 위해서는 4-5개의 종이컵 사용 대체가 필요하며, 다회용컵의 환경적 이점이 충분한 재사용 횟수와 세척 시스템의 효율에 달려 있음을 의미한다. 그리고 이를 관공서 업무 환경에 적용하기 위해서는 다회용컵 관리 과정에서 소모되는 물과 에너지 사용에 대한 고려가 반드시 이루어져야만 정책의 지속 가능성을 확보하는 데 매우 중요함을 시사한다.

This study evaluates the environmental performance of reusable cups introduced in public offices as an alternative to single-use paper cups. A cradle-to-grave Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), following ISO 14044, was conducted using a functional unit of one rent–return–wash cycle. Data were collected from a reusable cup manufacturer and a washing service provider, with utilities allocated economically. Six impact categories were assessed under the EDP2013 method. Findings reveal that water use during washing dominated global warming, resource depletion, acidification, and eutrophication, while ozone depletion was driven by detergents and photochemical smog by polypropylene production. Compared with one-time paper cup use, a single reusable cycle produced higher burdens in four categories but reduced ozone depletion and smog formation. Break-even analysis showed that four to five paper cups must be displaced before net environmental benefits occur. The results highlight that environmental advantages of reusable cups depend on high reuse frequency and efficient washing systems. For public agencies, improving water- and energy-use efficiency in washing is critical to realizing the intended sustainability gains.

The integration of aspect oriented modeling approaches with model-driven engineering process achieved through their direct transformation to aspect-oriented code is expected to enhance the software development from many perspectives. This study aims to assess the existing UML-based aspect- oriented modeling techniques from the perspective of their suitability with regards to integration into model-driven engineering process through aspect-oriented code generation. For this purpose, we selected two mature aspect-oriented modeling approaches, Reusable Aspect Models and Theme/UML, and proceeded to evaluate them in a detailed way from the specific perspectives of design and its mapping to the implementation code. The in-depth comparison reveals some points equally shared by both approaches, and identifies some areas where one has advantage over the other. The study concludes that the Reusable Aspect Models approach may be seen as a preferred approach to handling the task of integration using aspect-oriented code generation.

Real-Time (RT) applications, which manipulate important volumes of data, need to be managed with RT databases that deal with time-constrained data and time-constrained transactions. In spite of their numerous advantages, RT databases development remains a complex task, since developers must study many design issues related to the RT domain. In this paper, we tackle this problem by proposing RT design patterns that allow the modeling of structural and behavioral aspects of RT databases. We show how RT design patterns can provide design assistance through architecture reuse of reoccurring design problems. In addition, we present an UML profile that represents patterns and facilitates further their reuse. This profile proposes, on one hand, UML extensions allowing to model the variability of patterns in the RT context and, on another hand, extensions inspired from the MARTE (Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time Embedded systems) profile.

제품 전환 시 Cross Contamination에 대한 우려가 증가되고, Lead Time의 감소, 초기 설비 투자비 및 기간의 단축 등 여러 가지 장점으로 인하여 전통적인 Reusable Bioreactor 대신 Disposable Bioreactor의 사용이 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 또한 Disposable Bioreactor의 최대 단점이었던 2000L 이상 Scale up이 어렵다는 문제는 현재 Upstream 공정 기술의 발전에 따라 Titer가 증가되고 있고, 5000L급 Disposable Bioreactor가 개발되고 있는 등, 이러한 단점은 극복되고 있는 상황이어서 향 후 Disposable Bioreactor의 이용 비율은 더욱 크게 증가할 것으로 보인다. 본 발표에서는 선진국에서 조사된 자료를 바탕으로 Disposable Equipment의 이용 추세를 알아보고, 다년간 Reusable Bioreactor와 Disposable Bioreactor를 이용하여 항체 의약품 생산했던 경험을 바탕으로 실제 Reusable Bioreactor와 Disposable Bioreactor의 Qualification 단계부터 준비, SIP, 배양공정, CIP등 단 단계별 두 가지 Bioreactor를 비교하여 그에 대한 장/단점을 알아보고, Disposable Bioreactor를 이용하며 공정 진행 시 주의해야 할 사항을 Case Study를 통해 알아보고자 한다.

Real-Time (RT) applications, which manipulate important volumes of data, need to be managed with RT databases that deal with time-constrained data and time-constrained transactions. In spite of their numerous advantages, RT databases development remains a complex task, since developers must study many design issues related to the RT domain. In this paper, we tackle this problem by proposing RT design patterns that allow the modeling of structural and behavioral aspects of RT databases. We show how RT design patterns can provide design assistance through architecture reuse of reoccurring design problems. In addition, we present an UML profile that represents patterns and facilitates further their reuse. This profile proposes, on one hand, UML extensions allowing to model the variability of patterns in the RT context and, on another hand, extensions inspired from the MARTE (Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time Embedded systems) profile.

Battery use is increasing worldwide to achieve carbon neutrality and improve energy efficiency, but batteries are a finite resource and their application is determined by capacity and specifications. Battery performance deteriorates as the number of uses increases. A certain level of battery performance degradation has become an issue in the field of reuse and recycling, and various studies are being conducted on reuse to solve power shortages. Waste batteries from electric vehicles are suitable for building ESS based on reusable batteries, and for stable use, technical skills are needed to accurately predict battery life and determine status information. Predicting battery life and determining status information are difficult due to non-linearity due to internal structure or chemical changes. In this paper, we manufactured a modular internal resistance measuring device and compared the measured values with Hioki equipment to minimize the error rate through a correction method. As a result of testing Hioki equipment and modular measuring instruments to ensure efficiency and safety based on reusable batteries, an accuracy of over 95% was confirmed.