Earticle

본 연구는 우리나라 중소제조업체가 신기술개발을 어떠한 방식으로 수행하고자 하는가를 살펴보는 데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구주제와 관련한 기존 연구를 살펴보면 주로 거래비용이론에 기초한 연구가 해외학회를 중심으로 다수 진행되어 왔으나 자원기반이론과의 통합적 적용을 통한 실증연구는 매우 드문 편이었다. 무엇보다 국내 중소기업의 핵심자원이라고 할 수 있는 기업가적 역량과 거래비용이론에서 제시하는 핵심변수와의 상호작용이 신기술개발방식 결정에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 가에 관한 연구는 전무하다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 이 같은 기존 연구의 한계를 극복하기위하여 작성되었다. 먼저 거래비용이론에서 제시하는 자산특화성, 환경적 불확실성, 기술적 불확실성 등의 3가지 변수가 기술개발방식을 결정하는 데 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지 살펴보았다. 그리고 이들 변수가 자원기반이론에서 제시하는 기업가적 역량과 어떠한 상호작용을 나타내는지 검증해 보았다. 271개의 기술집약적 중소기업(KSIC26)을 대상으로 한 실증분석을 한 결과, 취득하고자 하는 지식이 자산특화적 특성이 강하고 기술적 불확실성이 높을수록 해당기업은 내부화 방식을 통한 기술개발추진을 선호하는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 그러나 응답기업의 기업가적 역량 수준이 높을수록 이 같은 성향은 부(-)의 조절효과를 보이고 있는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 본 연구의 이론적 시사점은 다음과 같다. 먼저, 그 동안 신기술개발을 어떠한 방식으로 수행할 것인가에 대한 이론적 설명이 거래비용이론과 자원기반이론을 중심으로 각각 전개되어 왔으나, 본 연구 결과, 거래비용이론의 이론적 설명력이 자원거래비용이론의 그것보다 더 유효한 것으로 나타나고 있다. 그러나 거래비용이론에서의 핵심 설명변수들이 자원기반이론에서 제시하는 기업가적 역량과 통합적으로 적용될 경우 더 나은 설명력을 제시하고 있음이 판명되었다. 본 연구의 실무적 시사점으로는 무엇보다 자본과 경험이 풍부하지 않은 중소제조업체가 기술개발활동을 외부화 방식으로 추진할 경우 잠재적인 분쟁과 부당한 요구를 어떻게 대처해 나아갈 것이가를 고려해야할 만큼 리스크가 따르고 있음을 인지해야한다. 그러나 해당기업이 충분한 기업가적 마인드와 관계적 역량이 있다면 과감히 타기업과의 협력을 모색하는 것도 바람직한 방안이 될 수 있다. 마지막으로 지식방식을 위해 선택한 방식에 제도 환경적 요소가 고려되지 않은 것이 본 연구의 한계점으로 남아 있고, 선택방식이 어떠한 기업성과를 가져왔는지 확인하는 것이 향후 연구과제로 남아 있다.

This study investigated what factors influence small and medium Korean manufacturing firms in determining their technology development methods in pursuit of competitive advantages. There are two major limitations in this realm of inquiry. Firstly, the transaction costs perspective used to be a predominant theoretical approach in the field. However, questions have been raised regarding the explanatory power of the transaction cost perspective due to its weak applicability in some decision contexts, such as the technology development method decisions. Some have recommended that several theoretical perspectives be used in a contingent manner to enrich the explanatory power of the transaction cost approach. That is, several complimentary theoretical arguments can be adopted. Secondly, although small South Korean manufacturing firms are exhibiting growth in technology development activities, they have thus far received relatively little attention from academic researchers. Rather, researchers have mostly concerned themselves with the innovation activities of large multinational firms. An integrated theoretical approach to the use of the innovation activities of the Korean manufacturing small firms was pursued in this study to overcome the aforementioned limitation. Transaction cost (TC) and resource based (RB) perspectives were adopted as major theoretical approaches for our study. These two perspectives were selected because they represent the current leading views in the field. In addition, these two perspectives provide contrasting views of modal choice, which motivated us to combine and integrate them. Relying on the TC and RB perspectives in a contingent way, this study identified three major factors as core determinants for technology development methods: (1) specialized asset investment; (2) environmental uncertainty; and (3) technological uncertainty. Meanwhile, this study also suggested entrepreneurial capability as a moderating factor. Using these variables, a total of six hypotheses were proposed for empirical examination. For the empirical test, this study targeted South Korean small and medium enterprises(SMEs) in manufacturing sectors, mostly knowledge-intensive ones with the Korean Standard Industrial Classification (KSIC) 26. Potential subject SMEs were identified using selection guidelines appropriate for the purpose of the research. Of 1,021 Korean KSIC26 SMEs identified, 271 firms responded to the questionnaire survey (26.5% response rate). The data obtained from these 271 Korean SMEs were submitted to logistic regression analysis to test research hypotheses. The analysis revealed that respondent firms preferred an internal technology development approach when they perceived high levels of specialized asset investment and technological uncertainty. However, this preference was weaker for firms who possessed strong entrepreneurial capabilities. Perceived environmental uncertainty was not critically influential to choice of technology development mode, and entrepreneurial capability did not have a moderating effect on the influence environmental uncertainty. There are theoretical and practical implications of these results, Although the TC and the RB perspective may each form a good theoretical basis for understanding the pattern of technology development methods decision, combining them provides more powerful explanation than what could be achieved by either single theoretical view. In particular, this study found that the RB perspective was specially important in the case of small firms with an entrepreneurial strategic orientation. Those small firms were inherently confronted with their newness and smallness. The newness and smallness leads those firms to be more inclined to cooperate with other companies to learn and complement necessary resources and know-how. Hence entrepreneurial strategic orientation moderated how specialized asset investment and technological uncertainty influence the small firm’s choice of technology development method. Additionally, the present findings provide practical guidelines for Korean SMEs who may lack previous experience with choosing the optimal technology development strategy for innovation. For instance, these findings suggest small firms should be cautious about choosing an external technology development method if they are not highly technically confident and/or doing so would require an intensively specialized investment. However, small firms that possess a substantial external network and have an entrepreneurial strategic orientation can purse an external technology development method with confidence. There is a noteworthy limitation of this research that should be mentioned. That is, this work did not consider the impact of institutional factors. Moreover, questions remain regarding the outcomes of using knowledge acquisition methods.

The Internet has motivated firms to participate in electronic commerce. With the development of electronic commerce, SMEs (small- and medium-sized enterprises) may be forced to use e-intermediaries in export marketing. This study aims at assessing e-intermediaries in various aspects. Empirical and theoretical studies are conducted to investigate determinants and effects of eintermediary use in export marketing. Based on resource-based view (RBV), the study develops a conceptual model that can address the question of which international competence and export performance are closely related to e-intermediary use by SMEs. Based on literature review and theoretical foundations, this study made four hypotheses. With AMOS, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used for testing four hypotheses. The empirical findings support all hypotheses. Last, this study suggests examining comprehensive internal and external factors in terms of e-intermediary use as an interesting topic for future research.

IT 아웃소싱은 서로 다른 두 기업의 자원들이 계약이라는 관계를 통해 결합되는 특수한 상황이다. 자원기반 관점(Resource-Based View)에서는 IT 아웃소싱 제공 기업의 자원, 고객 기업의 IT 자원, 그리고 제공 기업과 고객 기업간의 관계 자원이 동시에 IT 아웃소싱 성공에 영향을 미칠 수 있다고 한다. 그러나 선행 연구들 중 이 세 IT 자원들의 영향력을 동시에 비교 분석한 연구가 드물다. 또한 IT 자원은 유형적 IT 자산과 무형적 IT 역량으로 구분되는데, IT 역량만이 IT 성과에 영향을 미칠 것이라는 Bharadwaj(2000) 등의 주장을 IT 아웃소싱 배경에서 실증 분석한 연구도 거의 없다. 따라서 본 연구는 1) 세 IT 자원이 IT 아웃소싱 성공에 미치는 영향을 동시에 비교검증하고, 2) 특히 고객 기업의 IT 자원을 IT 자산과 IT 역량으로 구분하여 IT 아웃소싱 성공에 대한 영향력을 검증하였다. 이 연구 목적을 달성하기 위해 최근 3년간 국내 순위 100위권 내에 속한 기업 138개 중 45개 기업의 62개 IT 아웃소싱 프로젝트를 대상으로 자료를 수집하였고, 수집한 자료를 PLS를 사용한 경로분석으로 분석하였다. 경로분석결과, IT 아웃소싱 제공 기업의 자원은 높은 신뢰관계가 있을 때만 IT 아웃소싱 성공에 영향을 미치고, 고객 기업이 높은 IT 역량을 확보할 때만 IT 아웃소싱이 성공할 수 있음을 발견하였다. 이를 통해 본 연구는 IT 아웃소싱 상황에서도 자원기반 관점을 다시 한번 확증하였다는 점에 그 의의를 둘 수 있다. 즉 Bharadwaj(2000)의 연구결과와 마찬가지로 기업의 IT 자산이 아닌 IT 역량이 IT 성과에 영향을 미친다는 것을 IT 아웃소싱 상황에서 실증적으로 보여주었고, 관계 자원의 중요성도 본 연구의 결과를 통해 제시하였다.

IT outsourcing (ITO) is an integration of two firms-external vendor(s) and a client firm-IT resources by contract. According to resource-based view(RBV), three different resources-ITO vendor’s resource, client firm’s resource, and the relationship resource between two firms- may have an impact on ITO performance. However, there have been few previous studies considering all three IT resources simultaneously. There have been also few empirical studies in ITO context, which test Bharadwaj (2000)’s findings: 1) IT resources can be divided into tangible IT asset and intangible IT capability, and 2) only IT capability has an impact on the IT performance. Therefore we examined whether, in ITO context, all three different resources have a significant impact on ITO performance. Adopting the findings of previous IT studies, we also divided IT resource into IT asset and IT capability. To achieve this research objective, we analyzed 62 ITO cases of 45 companies being listed in Korean top 100 companies for recent 3 years. Also, we analyzed the data with the Partial Least Squares method. The results of this research lead to the following conclusions: First, only when partnership is high, ITO vendors’ resource can have an influence on ITO performance. Second, only client firm’s IT capability, not IT asset, is directly related to the ITO success. Third, a firm’s IT capability can increase the partnership. Therefore, we concluded that 1) RBV is also an useful theory in ITO context, 2) Bharadwaj(2000)’s suggestion is valid in ITO context as well, and 3) the relationship resource is also important in ITO.

본 연구의 목적은 학교기업지원사업의 문제점을 파악하고, 조직론적 관점에서 학교기업지원사업의 자원의존적 문제의 발생 원인과 양상을 진단하는데 있다. 이를 위하여 학교기업 운영 및 지원사업 참 여 경험이 있는 현장 관계자(교수, 실무자)와 관련 연구 수행 이력이 있는 전문가를 대상으로 3회에 걸 친 초점집단면담(Focus group interview)을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 학교기업은 설치･운영의 근거가 되 는 규제적 법･제도가 학교기업의 원활한 운영을 저해하고 있었고, 조직의 여건에 대비한 달성 목표들 이 보유 역량 이상으로 높았는데, 이는 학교기업에 상당한 부담을 안겨 주었다. 또한 학교기업지원사업 은 조직 운영에 필수적 자원을 제공해주지만 성과지표, 선정 및 평가방식 등이 오히려 학교기업 활성 화에 제약요인으로 작용하고 있었다. 이상의 요인들은 전반적으로 학교기업의 활동을 저해함으로써 독 특한 기업으로서의 내부 조직혁신, 조직 성장을 달성하지 못하고 있었다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 학교기 업 제도의 규제개혁을 통한 기업가형 대학 전환 및 대학 혁신 달성 실현, 고등교육 재정지원사업의 자 원의존 문제 예방을 위한 성과지표 개선 및 단계별 지원 방안 등을 제언하였다.

The purpose of this study is to identify the problems of the School-Based Enterprise system and diagnose the causes and patterns of resource-dependence of School-Based Enterprise support projects in terms of organizational theory. To this ends, three rounds of FGI were conducted with field stakeholders (professors, practitioners) who have operated school-based enterprises and participated in support projects and experts who have conducted related research. The results showed that the regulatory laws and systems underlying the establishment and operation of school-based enterprise hindered its stable operation. In addition, the goals set for the organization were higher than the capacity of the organization, which caused considerable burden on school-based enterprises. In addition, the school-based enterprise support project provided essential resources for the operation of the organization, but the performance indicators and selection and evaluation methods added to the burden of school-based enterprises. Overall the above factors hindered the activities of school-based enterprises preventing them from achieving internal organizational innovation and organizational growth as a unique enterprise. Based on the results of the study, it was suggested that regulatory reform of the school-based enterprise system should be carried out to realize the transformation of entrepreneurial universities and achievement of university innovation and that performance indicators should be improved and step-by-step support should be provided to prevent the problem of resource dependence in higher education financial support projects.

The rapid development of e-commerce brings new opportunities for small and medium-sized enterprises, especially in developing countries as China. Under the background of e-commerce, enterprise's performance has been rapid ascension, at the same time, the enterprise performance evaluation is particularly important. In this paper, we make empirical analysis about the impact of human resource management innovation on enterprise performance, the result shows that high performance human resource management can promote enterprise innovation, improve enterprise's innovation ability. High performance human resource management includes training, employee involvement, job analysis, performance and employee development, variance contribution rate of each HRM factor is 71.7%, 63.0%, 66.3%, 88.9% and 69.2%, so that the result of empirical analysis is reliable. On this basis, we put forward relevant policy suggestions.

Despite the recognition of the importance of SCM management for firms' survival and growth, almost no empirical research has been devoted to examining the relationships between SCM integration and export performance. In addition, no empirical research has focused on the potential mediating role of SCM competence on the effect of SCM integration on export performance. Under these circumstances, this study construct a synthesized model of SCM integration, SCM competence, export performance. Then data for this study were collected from 84 export firms in Korea and suitable statistical methodologies were employed for analysis. This study represents an efforts towards an exploratory research for better understanding of the effect of SCM integration, SCM competence on export performance.

평균수명이 증가하고 은퇴연령은 낮아지면서, 은퇴 후 생활이 길어졌다. 이에 은퇴 후 달라진 생활에 적응하는 것에 대해 관심도 높아졌다. 본 연구에서는 개인이 가진 자원에 따라 은퇴 적응의 수준이 달라질 수 있다는 자원중심동적관점에서 우리나라 은퇴자들의 은퇴적응수준에 따른 유형과 유형별 영향 요인에 대하여 살펴보았다. ‘한국노동패널 4차 (2001년) 조사’의 은퇴자 576명을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 우리나라 은퇴자들의 은퇴적응 유형은 은퇴적응형, 관계적응형, 은퇴부적응형으로 구분할 수 있다. 은퇴적응형은 건강과 지역사회에서의 역할을 제외한 모든 영역에서 보통 이상의 적응 수준을, 관계적응형은 가족관계와 친구관계에서만 보통 이상의 적응 수준을, 은퇴부적응형은 모든 항목에서 보통 이하의 적응 수준을 보이고 있다. 각 유형은 사회인구학적 특성, 은퇴 후 경과기간, 자원의 수준에서도 명확한 차이가 있다. 은퇴적응형의 경우 70대 비중이, 자가 주택 소유의 비율이 높게 나타났으며, 은퇴 경과기간은 약 5년 6개월로 다른 유형에 비해 은퇴 후 기간이 짧다. 또한 모든 영역(신체적, 경제적, 동기부여적, 정서적, 사회적)에서 소유한 자원이 가장 높다. 관계적응형의 경우, 은퇴 후 경과기간이 약 6년이며, 정년퇴직이나 조기퇴직을 한 비율이 높았고, 저축금으로 생활비를 조달하는 비율이 높았다. 은퇴부적응형 경우, 40, 50, 80대의 비율이 높았으며, 본인의 근로소득이나 이전소득으로 생활비를 조달하고 있었으며, 은퇴 후 경과 기간이 약 7년 10개월로 가장 길다. 이 유형은 개인이 지닌 자원이 모든 영역에서 다른 유형에 비해 가장 낮은 수준이다. 둘째, 은퇴적응 유형에 따라 영향을 미치는 요인들은 각 유형별로 상이했다. 은퇴적응형과 관계적응형을 구분하는 요인은 정서적 자원과 혼인상태 변화 유무, 근로, 비활동이다. 정서적 자원이 낮을수록, 은퇴 후 혼인 상태가 변화가 없었을 경우, 근로활동을 하며 다양한 활동을 하지 않을수록 은퇴적응형보다 관계적응형에 속할 확률이 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 반면 관계적응형과 은퇴부적응형을 구분하는 요인으로는 신체적, 경제적, 동기부여적 자원, 연령, 성별, 비활동으로 나타났다. 신체적, 경제적, 사회적 자원, 연령이 적을수록, 여성보다 남성일수록, 평소 다양한 활동을 하지 않을수록 관계적응형보다 은퇴부적응형에 속할 확률이 높았다. 은퇴부적응형과 은퇴적응형을 차별화하는 변수는 동기부여 자원을 제외한 모든 자원들, 연령, 성별, 건강 상 이유로 퇴직, 비활동으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 은퇴적응의 개념을 종합적으로 이해하여, 이론을 바탕으로 한국의 은퇴자들의 은퇴적응수준을 확인하였다. 또한 각 은퇴적응 수준 유형별 특성 및 각 유형에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 파악하여, 은퇴 후 생활에 대해 보다 정교한 설계를 하는 것에 도움이 될 수 있도록 하였다.

As life expectancy increased and retirement age decreased, life after retirement became longer. After retirement, interest in adapting to a different life has also increased. In this study, we examined retirement adaptation and types of Korean retirees through the resource- based dynamic perspective that the level of retirement adaptation varies according to the resource. The results of the analysis of the 576 retirees of the "Korea Labor Panel 4th (2001) Survey" are as follows. First, the retirement adaptation level (economic, health, occupational role, relationship aspect) of Korean retirees was 2.76 points (average of 5 points). Second, retirement adaptation patterns of retirees in Korea can be divided into “well-adapted type”, “relational-adapted type”, and “mal-adapted type”. The “well-adapted type” showed a higher level of adaptation than usual in all areas except for health and community roles. “relational-adapted type” showed moderate or higher level of adaptation only in family relations and friendship. “mal-adapted type” showed lower level of adaptation respectively. Each type has a clear difference in socio-demographic characteristics, duration of retirement, and level of resources. Third, factors affecting retirement adaptation type were different for each type. This study comprehends the concept of retirement adaptation and confirms retirement adaptation level of Korean retirees based on the theory. In addition, the characteristics of each retirement adaptation types and the factors influencing each type were identified, and it was helpful to make a more sophisticated design for life after retirement.

정보통신과 미디어의 확산, 그리고 지역발전 기회 등의 이유로 올림픽, 박람회 등과 같은 메가이벤트(Mega-events)에 대한 관심이 확대되고 있다. 메가이벤트는 관광산업을 비롯하여 개최지역 산업전반에 걸쳐 경제적으로 큰 영향을 미치며, 지역인지도 및 삶의 질 향상 등 무형적인 효과도 동시에 발생시킨다. 최근 들어 메가이벤트의 효과분석에 대한 중요성이 커지고 있지만 실제적인 평가의 수행에는 많은 한계점이 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 전략관점에서 메가이벤트 성과분석을 위한 통합적인 프레임워크를 제시하는 것이다. 구체적으로 경쟁전략과 자원기반이론의 통합적 관점에서 개최지역의 자원활용과 포지셔닝을 중심으로 성과분석을 위한 투입요소와 산출요소를 새롭게 제시함으로써 경제적 영향과 무형적 효과를 동시에 고려하고 이를 통해 각종 메가이벤트 특성에 적합한 성과분석이 가능하도록 제시하였다.

The purpose of this study is to examine major factors affecting the e-CRM success. The e-CRM influence factors are identified as organizational perspective(process support, management support, and employee support) and resource-based perspective(customer orientation and technology orientation). This study investigates the relationship between e-CRM influence factors and e-CRM satisfaction and the relationship between e-CRM satisfaction and e-CRM success. We collected 171 questionnaires from e-CRM users, and analyzed the research model by AMOS 18.0. The results of this study are as follows. Firstly, process support, management support, employee support, and technology orientation had a positive effect on the e-CRM satisfaction, but the customer orientation had not an effect on e-CRM satisfaction. Secondly, e-CRM satisfaction positively influenced e-CRM success. This study would provide companies with valuable guidelines for the implementation and introduction of e-CRM systems.

There has been growing attention toward intangible resources as a source of competitive advantage. Due to the unique nature, organizations are concerned with enhancing ways of developing and managing intangible resources. Especially in the context of electronic commerce represented by intensive competition, it becomes increasingly important to understand the role of intangible resources which are inherently hard to identify. The objective of this study is to examine the role of intangible resources in generating potential benefits towards competitive advantage. For doing this, we suggest a framework for investigating the role of intangible resources and apply it to the B2C e-shop context to demonstrate a presented framework. Based on the insights from framework concepts and case findings, several propositions are derived for further related research.

Linking the Penrosean resource-based view (RBV) to firm's mode choice decision for entering into international markets, this paper proposes a dynamic model of mode choice based on the Penrosean resource-based theory. Specifically, the model suggests that firm's managerial resource developed for a particular mode (e.g., international acquisitions or alliances) in the past will affect the firm's subsequent choice of governance mode in the future. An empirical test based on a sample of U.S. firms' international strategic combination activities generally supported the adequacy of the proposed Penrosean model.

Despite the recognition of the importance of international operations for firms' survival and growth, almost no empirical research has been devoted to examining the relationships between market-based marketing resources and export performance. In addition, Although SMEs have been rapidly integrating the EAPs(export assistance programs) into their marketing activities, no empirical research has focused on the potential mediating role of EAPs on the effect of market-based marketing resources on export performance. Under these circumstances, this study construct a synthesized model of market-based marketing resources , export performance, market attractiveness, technological resources focusing on the mediating roles of EAPs in these relationships. Then data for this study were collected from 84 export smes in Korea and suitable statistical methodologies were employed for analysis. This study represents an efforts towards an exploratory research for better understanding of the effect of market-based marketing resources on export performance and mediating role of EAPs

The concept of sustainability is increasingly important with the notion of global threats to the environment. In a response to environmental sustainability, many organizations are facing a heavy pressure to invest in green IT initiatives. However, the concept of green IT initiatives is rarely defined and little research has focused on the green IT approach and strategies. The purpose of this paper is to present the phases of green IT maturity, focusing particularly on the factors that influence maturity process. From a resource-based perspective, we outline a green IT domain matrix and present a maturity model in terms of the degree of resource utilization. Several theoretical propositions are derived from a maturity model for identifying the effects of resource utilizations on green IT maturity.

글로벌 시장 진출의 중요성과 더불어 하이테크 기업의 수출에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있다. 본 연구는 자원기반관점에서 조직자원과 혁신능력을 중심으로 대구지역 하이테크 기업을 대상으로 수출 결정요인을 규명하였다. 실증분석 결과 조직연령과 해외IPR이 하이테크 기업의 핵심 수출 결정요인으로 규명되었다. 이는 정책적인 차원에서 하이테크 기업의 해외 수출을 강하하기 위해서는 상대적으로 창업 업력이 길며, 해외IPR을 획득하고 있는 기업을 중점적으로 지원할 필요성에 대한 시사점을 준다. 또한 하이테크 기업 실무 차원에서는 본(born) 글로벌 기업처럼 창업 초기부터 글로벌 시장을 대상으로 하기보다 자원기반관점에서 조직 업력과 해외IPR과 같은 내적 역량을 우선적으로 구축할 필요성을 시사하고 있다.

As advancement into global markets becomes increasingly important, there are increasing interests in high-tech companies' export. This study is an empirical investigation of the determinants of high-tech companies' export in the Daegu region seen from a resource-based perspective with focuses on organizational resources and innovative capabilities. The empirical analysis revealed that the export determinants hold truer for high-tech companies compared to companies overall, and that high-tech companies' key export determinants include organizational age as a organizational resource and international intellectual property rights (IPRs) as an innovative capability. In this sense, policies to promote high-tech companies' export should be designed to support high-tech companies that have a relatively longer history and international IPRs. The results also suggest that in the working level high-tech companies should establish their internal capabilities from a resource-based perspective, for example history and experience in their fields and international IPRs, rather than trying to target global markets from the beginning as born-global companies do.

온라인 상점에서 인공 지능 기술의 채택이 지속적으로 증가하는 중이다. 그러나 각 인공지능 기능이 온라인 쇼핑에 대한 소비자의 지속사용의도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 여부를 실증분석한 연구는 거의 없다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 실증연구를 통해 온라인 상점의 지속사용의도에 인공지능의 주요 기능이 미치는 영향을 이해하는 것이다. 특히 온라인 상점 자원으로서의 인공지능 기능이 자원 기반관점에서 온라인 상점의 차별성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 초점을 맞추고자 한다. 또한 인공 지능 기능과 지속사용의도 간의 매개 효과로서 온라인 상점 이미지를 고려하였다. 설문은 중국 소비자들을 대상으로 실시하였으며 분석 결과 온라인 상점에서 인공지능 기능의 존재가 자원 기반 관점에서 지속가능성에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 인공지능 기능은 제품 및 서비스의 이미지에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 인공지능 기능에 의한 온라인 상점 사용 의도에 영향을 미치는 방식에 차이가 있음을 발견했다.

The adoption of artificial intelligence technology is continuously increasing in online stores. However, there have been no empirical studies that examine whether each of the artificial intelligence functions affects consumers' continuance intent to shop online. This study aims to understand the effect of the main function of artificial intelligence on the continuance intention of online store via empirical analysis. In particular, we focus on how artificial intelligence as a resource affects the heterogeneity of online stores in terms of resource-based views. We also analyzed the mediating effect of online store's image (product and service) between artificial intelligence (AI) functions and continuance intention. The results suggest that the presence of AI function on online stores positively influence the continuance intention from the resource-based perspective. Furthermore, it was found that AI technology positively affects the image of a product and service. We also found that there was a difference in the way of influencing the intention to use online stores by AI functions.

본 연구의 목적은 자원기반학습에 기초한 과학교육수업에서 나타난 유아예비교사들의 과학에 대한 이해를 탐색하여 유아과학교육의 방향을 제시하고자 한 것이다. 이를 위해 한 학기 수업동안 자원기반학습의 준거 틀에 기초하여 자기주도적인 학습과정과 반성적으로 사고하고 토의하는 자기평가의 기회 그리고 동료 예비교사와 지도교수의 피드백을 지속적으로 제공하였다. 이를 바탕으로 예비교사들의 반성적 저널, 포트폴리오, 평가기록지, 심층면담 자료를 수집하여 질적으로 분석하였다. 본 연구를 통해 예비유아교사들은 과학에 대해 긍정적인 이해를 형성하는 방향으로 변화하였으며 유아 과학교수방법에 대한 실제적인 지식을 형성하는 것으로 나타났다. 뿐만 아니라 예비교사들은 교사 자신이 이론가이며 성인학습자라는 사실을 이해하고, 유아교육현장에서 강조되는 동료장학을 선행적으로 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 예비교사의 과학교수에 대한 지식은 학습자 스스로 목표를 세워 계획하고, 학습과정과 결과에 대해 점검하는 과정을 통해 향상되며, 자신과 다른 예비교사의 학습을 상호평가하는 것이 예비교사의 교수실제에 대한 이해에 중요한 역할을 한다는 사실을 알 수 있었다.

The purpose of this article was to suggest future directions for science education with examining early childhood preservice teachers' learning of science education from the perspective of resource-based learning. Resource-based learning were provided to preservice teachers during class hours for one semester. The assessment required the active participation of the learners for reflective thinking, discussion of contents, process of learning, and evaluation of participants' behaviors as well as required feedback from the peer and the advisor. Based on these activities, reflective journals, portfolios, self-assessments and in-depth interview data were gathered from preservice teachers and were analyzed by using qualitative methods. The analysis revealed that they are able to formulate positive understandings of science and to accumulate practical knowledge about childhood science teaching methods. In addition they are also able to recognize themselves as theorists and as adult learners They experience peer-coaching, accentuated in the act of early childhood education, in advance. This indicates that their knowledge about science teaching can be improved by planning, developing, and implementing early childhood education. The teachers also benefit by assessing his or her learning, by assessing the other preservice teachers and by providing mutual feedback between themselves and other teachers.

The importance of Information technology (IT) has been growing. Thus, it is critical for firms to choose the optimal information technology development mode in order to ensure that maximum benefit is derived from IT. Despite its importance, however, there is little comprehensive research on choosing the IT development mode that firms undertake. To fill this gap, this study attempts to propose a parsimonious as well as comprehensive IT development framework based on strategic value and the uniqueness of IT resources. In addition, this study analyzes the impact of the fit between the theoretically proposed IT development mode and the actually used mode on the performance of Korean firms. This study contributes to and expands the literature on IT development modes by considering various development modes in real time. Moreover, the results serve as a stepping stone for managers who want to develop or adopt IT effectively.

행정형 ADR 기구의 목적은 갈등당자사들 간 효과적인 갈등조정에 있다. 이와 관련해 본 연구에서는 자원기반이론 관점에서 행정형 ADR 기구가 지닌 자원과 갈등조정의 관계를 실증분석하였다. 보다 구체적으로 행정형 ADR 기구의 조정위원 자원(외부인사 비율과 전문성), 조직특성 자원[분쟁해결 수단 다양성, 기구독립성, 위원회 유형], 조정경험 자원(조정회의 개최와 위원회 역사)과 갈등조정(분쟁조정률)의 관계를 분석하였다. 그 결과 조정위원 자원은 분쟁조정률과 통계적으로 유의미한 관계가 나타나지 않았으며, 조직특성 자원 중에서 분쟁해결 수단 다양성이 낮을 때, 기구독립성이 낮을 때, 자문위원회 유형일 때 분쟁조정률은 통계적으로 유의미하게 높았으며, 조정경험 자원과 관련해 조정회의 수와 분쟁조정률은 통계적으로 유의미한 음의 상관관계가 나타났다. 하지만 조직역사와 분쟁조정률과의 관계는 유의미하지 않았다. 이러한 결과를 고려할 때 한국의 행정형 ADR 기구는 조정위원의 중립성과 전문성이 부족하고, 분쟁해결 수단도 다양화되지 못하였으며, 행정기관에 종속되어(독립성이 부족) 분쟁조정 기능을 효과적으로 수행하지 못하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 향후 행정형 ADR 기구가 효과적인 분쟁조정기구로서 역할을 수행하기 위해서는 적극적인 분쟁해결 자원 확보가 필요하다는 시사점을 제시하고 있다.

The purpose of the administrative ADR institute is to resolve effectively conflict between the parties to the conflict. For this purpose, our study empirically analyzed the relationship between the resources of the administrative ADR institute and its conflict resolution from the perspective of the resource-based theory. More specifically, we analyzed the extent to which administrative ADR institute’s mediation member resources (rate of outside personnel and expertise), organizational characteristics (variety of dispute resolution methods, independence (autonomy), committee type), mediation experience resources (conciliation meeting and committee history) were related to conflict resolution (dispute resolution rate). As a result, mediation member resources did not show a statistically significant relationship with dispute mediation rate. Among organizational characteristic resources, the lower the diversity of dispute resolution means, the lower the independence(autonomy), the higher the type of advisory committee, the higher the dispute mediation rate. In relation to this, the smaller the number of conciliation meetings, the higher the dispute resolution rate, but the relationship between organizational history and dispute resolution rate was insignificant. Considering these results, Korea’s administrative ADR institutions lacked neutrality and expertise of mediators, did not diversify dispute resolution methods, and were subordinate to administrative agencies and lacked independence to effectively perform dispute mediation functions. In order for the administrative ADR institution to play its role as an effective dispute resolution organization in the future, it will be necessary to secure active dispute resolution resources.

In the knowledge-information age, Korean society has tried to find the new driving force to be an advanced country. To do so, government innovation has been made too much but it's still difficult to say that our government's competitiveness meets the people's expectations. In this circumstances, one of the possible alternatives is to strengthen the Strategic Human Resource Management(SHRM), which makes the government maintain its competitive advantage by emphasizing human capital. Therefore this study examines not only the meaning and cases of the SHRM in the public sector but also the relationship with the government's competitiveness. The policy implication of this study is that each public agency has to strengthen the strategic planning aligned with HRM, consider the vertical and horizontal integration among HR practices and emphasize the importance of the human capital.