Earticle

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of the frequency of summary feedback on proprioception during knee extension in healthy subjects. Methods: Forty-eight young adults volunteered to participate and were randomly assigned to one of four groups (1*summary, 5*summary, 10*summary, and control). The power and velocity errors for proprioception in knee extension were measured using a PRIMUS RS system (BTE Tech., Hanover, USA). Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to determine the effect of the frequency of summary feedback on proprioception in knee extension of healthy participants. Scheffe post hoc tests were applied, and the level of significance was set at α=0.05. Results: In the acquisition phase to practice the effect, power, and velocity error scores in all summary groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (p<0.05) but did not differ significantly between the summary groups (p>0.05). In the retention phase to assess the learning effect, the power and velocity error scores in all summary groups were also significantly lower than those in the control group (p <0.05), and the score in the 5*summary group was significantly lower than those in the other summary groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: 5*summary feedback was effective for motor learning while reducing the error of proprioception.

Increased use of smartphones can cause abnormal alignment of head and neck, resulting in forward head posture (FHP). This can lead to change in the structures and function of the cervical vertebrae. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact on deep neck flexor muscles, proprioception, vestibular function, and balance of subjects with induced FHP by using smartphone. Twenty-two healthy persons were randomly divided into two groups. The FHP group maintained a craniovertebral angle (CVA) of <49° and a normal head posture group maintained a CVA of >50° watching the smartphone for 40 min. We measured the area of the longus colli and longus capitis muscles, cervi-cal joint position sense, Romberg test, subjective visual vertical test, and subjective visual horizontal test. There was no significant differ-ence in the deep neck flexor muscles, vestibular function, and static balance between the groups. However, there was a significant differ-ence in the cervical proprioception (P<0.05). Proprioception may be considered to be the most influential factor in induced FHP by smart-phone viewing.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of ankle strengthening exercise applied on unstable supporting surfaces on the proprioceptive sense and balance in adults with functional ankle insta-bility. As for the study method, 30 adults with functional ankle instability were randomly assigned to an ankle strengthening exercise group and a stretching group on unstable supporting surfaces, and the interven-tions were implemented for 40 min. Before and after the interventions, a digital dual inclinometer was used to measure the proprioceptive sense of the ankle, the Balancia program was used to measure static balance ability, and the functional reach test was used to measure dynamic bal-ance ability. In the results, both proprioceptive sense and static dynam-ic balance ability were significantly different between before and after the intervention in the experimental group (P<0.05). When such results are put together, it can be seen that ankle strengthening exercise ap-plied on unstable supporting surfaces may be presented as an effective treatment method for enhancing the proprioceptive sense and balance ability in adults with functional ankle instability.

Purpose: This study is to investigate the relationship between pitcher’s ball speed, shoulder muscle strength, and proprioception. Methods: Thirteen high school pitchers participated in this study. Ball speed was measured using a speed gun. A dynamometer and an electrogoniometer were used to measure the strength and proprioception, respectively, for both internal and external rotations in the shoulder. Results: This study demonstrated that pitcher’s ball speed was correlated with muscle strength and proprioception of shoulder internal rotation. Conclusion: This result will help to provide the basic knowledge for sports rehabilitation and athletic performance.

본 논문은 E 대학교 융복합 교양강좌 “여성의 몸과 창조적 움직임”을 수강한 대학생이 고유수용감각(Proprioception)을 체험하는 과정을 연구하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해서 본 강좌의 수강생 중 여성 대학생 5명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 연구방법으로 문헌연구와 연구 대상자의 체험자료를 분석하는 것을 병행하여 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 연구 대상자가 자신의 몸을 재인식하고, 몸의 감각을 회복하며, 몸의 주체성을 형성하는 과정을 살펴보았다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연구 대상자는 고유감각을 회복하는 과정에서 자신의 몸에 대한 자각과 신뢰가 형성되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 둘째, 연구 대상자는 고유감각으로 움직임을 탐구하며 자신의 몸에 대한 깊은 이해가 생기게 되었다. 셋째, 연구 대상자는 사회적 시선과 통제에 벗어나 자신의 몸을 긍정하는 태도로 변화하였다. 본 연구는 여성 대학생을 대상으로 진행되어 다양한 연령대나 성별에 따른 고유감각 회복과 몸의 주체성 형성과정의 차이를 포착하는 데 한계가 있다. 후속 연구로 보다 다양한 연령대와 성별을 포함하여, 고유감각의 회복이 몸의 주체성 형성에 미치는 영향을 연구할 필요가 있다. 본 연구를 통해 소외된 몸의 감각을 회복하고, 몸의 주체성을 형성하는 방식을 제공하는 하나의 사례가 되기를 바란다. 더불어 E 대학교 융복합 교양강좌 “여성의 몸과 창조적 움직임”을 수강한 대학생이 몸적학습을 통해 고유수용감각(Proprioception)을 회복하는 과정을 분석하고, 이를 통해 몸의 주체성 형성되는 과정을 살펴보는 것에 목적이 있다. 그리하여 본 연구를 통해 몸의 감각을 회복하는 과정이 몸적 주체성 형성과 어떻게 연결되는지를 탐구하고자 한다.

The purpose of this paper is to study the process of female college students who took the E University Interdisciplinary Course “Women's Body and Creative Movement” experiencing proprioception. To this end, five female college students among the students of “Women's Body and Creative Movement” class were studied. As this research method, literature review and Practice Based Research were used in parallel. The results of the study are as follows. First, it was confirmed that the participants developed self-awareness and trust in their bodies during the process of proprioceptive recovery. Second, the subject of the study explored movement with his own sense and developed a deep understanding of their bodies. Third, the subject of the study changed to an attitude that affirms their bodies, escaping from social gaze and control. This study was conducted on female college students, which limits its ability to capture differences in the process of proprioceptive recovery and the formation of embodied subjectivity across different age groups and genders. Future research should include a more diverse range of age groups and genders to further examine the impact of proprioceptive recovery on the formation of embodied subjectivity. It is hoped that this study will be an example of providing a way to restore the senses of the alienated soma and form embodied subjectivity. The purpose of this study is to analyze the process of university students who took the E University convergence liberal arts course "Women’s Body and Creative Movement” recovering their own sense of acceptance through physical learning, and to examine the process of forming the body's subjectivity through this study. Therefore, through this study, we intend to explore how the process of restoring the body's senses is connected to the formation of physical subjectivity.

Stroke leads to functional impairments related to proprioception deficits, which produce compensatory pattern to assure an independence in daily activities. Proprioception is one of essential elements to provide feedback and feedforward control, achieving appropriate motor control and learning. It’s fundamental for functional recovery after stroke. Proprioception is defined as a sense of position, motion, or force. It arises from sensory receptors (mechanoreceptors of muscle and joint) which locate in deep region of the body, or sensory receptors which locate in superficial region of the body. However, proprioception and tactile sense must be recognized to be different each other. Proprioceptors detect the change of proprioceptive information during posture and movement. Afferent information from proprioceptors plays an important role to build optimal motor control strategy for various activities in daily life, which needs integrative control in higher centers. This is completed by an integral mechanism interacting with a variety of environmental factors. Therefore, proprioception deficits after stroke result in serious functional problems. Although proprioceptive function has been essentially considered for functional recovery in clinical setting, there are many conflicts in evaluating the extent of its impairment. To test precisely proprioceptive function, it’s so important to understand that it requires working memory and interhemispheric connection to optimize proprioceptive integration in peripheral and central systems. Unfortunately, in stroke, neural control and its process frequently is difficult to be harmonized to achieve proper goal in motor control. In fact, such problems also contribute to the lack of beneficial treatment protocol in clinical setting. Therefore, clinicians should make an effort to develop objective, accurate, and reliable tools to measure proprioceptive function of patients with stroke. In addition, it needs to establish optimal treatment methods based on evaluation results. Accordingly, this study aimed to provide valuable information about peripheral and central mechanisms of proprioception, influences of proprioception deficits in stroke, and theeir evaluation and treatment using literature review.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of types of taping on ankle of ROM, Proprioception, Balance, Agility. Ten college students (N=10) were participated in this study. The subjects does not have experienced in surgery on lateral ligament of ankle and treatment on skeletal muscle for last 6 months. The mean and standard deviation of data was measured and one-way ANOVA (post-hoc: LSD) test was used to verify differences among groups using SPSS/PC 18.0 program. Significant level was set to α =.05. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Kinesio taping group showed significantly higher ROM values of plantar flexion (p=.007), dorsi flexion (p=.003), inversion (p=.001) and eversion (p=.002) than C-taping group. 2. ROM values of dorsi flexion (p=.040), inversion (p=.035) and eversion (p=.021) in None group were significantly higher than in C- taping group. 3. Proprioception of inversion was significantly higher in Kinesio taping group than in C-taping (p=.003) and None (p=.037) groups. 4. There was no significant differences among groups in the front (p=.095), the left (p=.374) and right (p=.273) back of balance. 5. The agility had no significant differences amomg groups (p=.770). Taken together, it is recommended that Kinesio taping is appropriated for normal people who has no experience in ankle injury, whereas C-taping might be useful for the patients with ankle instability.

The purpose of this study was to identify differences of proprioception and muscle strength in five years over chronic hyperextension stretching event in female athletes. Twenty-eight Female university students(Control, n＝7; Gymnastics, n＝7; Taekwondo, n＝7; Ballet, n＝7) were assigned to 1 of 4 groups. Subjects were excluded if they had a lower extremity injury, vestibular problems, visual problems or concussion in the 12 weeks before the study. Experimental data were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA using Window SPSS/PC program. And then, LSD was used as post hoc test. A significant level was considered as p<.05. The results are as follows; 1.There were significant differences in muscle function among groups. 1)There were significant differences in left knee extensor strength at 60°/sec among groups(p<.05) 2)There were significant differences in right and left knee extensor strength at 180°/sec among groups(p<.05) 3)There were significant differences in left knee flexor strength at 180°/sec among groups(p<.05) 2.There were no significant differences in proprioception among groups. In conclusion, muscle function among Gymnastic, Taekwondo, Ballet and Control group were significantly different, but differences of proprioception were not significant among groups.

이 연구는 경력에 따른 양궁 선수들의 상지의 관절가동범위 및 고유수용성 감각의 차이를 분석하고자 실시하였다. 이를 위해 대한 양궁협회 선수 등록이 되어 있는 대학생 20명 고등학생 10명으로 총 30명으로 피험자를 선정하여 어깨관 절 및 팔꿉관절의 관절가동범위, 어깨뼈 외측 활주, 고유수용성 감각을 측정하였다. 연구결과 좌측 팔꿉관절 신전 각도는 대학 여자선수가 대학 남자선수보다 유의하게 큰 것으로 나타났다(p=.015). 어깨관절 내회전 각도는 우측에서 고등학생 여자선수가 대학 여자선수에 보다 유의하게 작은 것으로 나타났으며(p=.05), 외회전 각도는 좌측은 대학 여자선수가 대학 남자선수와 고등학생 여자선수에 비해 유의하게 큰 것으로 나타났다(p=.004, p=.005). 우측은 대학 여자선수가 대학 남자선수에 비해 유의하게 큰 것으로 나타났다(p=.045). 우측 어깨뼈 외측 활주 거리는 대학 여자선수가 대학 남자 선수와 고등학생 여자선수에 비해 유의하게 활주길이가 긴 것으로 나타났다(p=.032, p=.21). 고유수용성 감각은 대학 여자선수가 대학 남자 남자선수에 비해 유의하게 내회전 고유수용성 감각이 낮은 것으로 나타났다(p=.014). 향후 이를 기초로 훈련과 재활프로그램에 응용할 수 있는 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

This study was performed to identify the differences of glenohumeral joint ROM, lateral scapula glide and proprioception of shoulder in high school and college archers according to exercise career. We selected 30 archery players composed of 20 college players and 10 high school players. The main findings of this study were as follows; Left elbow extension ROM was higher significantly in female college players than male college players(p=.015). Right IR ROM of shoulder joint was lower significantly in high school female players than college female players(p=.05). Left ER ROM was higher significantly in college female players than college male players and high school female players(p=.004, p=.005). Right ER ROM of shoulder was higher in college female players than college male players(p=.045). Right scapular lateral slide was longer significantly in college female players than college male players and high school female players(p=.032, p=.21). Left IR proprioception was lower significantly in college female players than college male players(p=.014). In conclusion, as longer as archer exercise career, left ER ROM and right scapular slide was high. According to gender, left elbow extension ROM, left and right shoulder external rotation and right scapular slide were high, left internal rotation proprioception was lower in female college players. Based on these facts, this study might be basic data for training and rehabilitation program.

본 연구는 한국프로골프협회(KPGA) 소속의 프로골프 선수와 일반인을 대상으로 견관절 ROM, 고유수용성 능 력 및 균형능력의 비교를 위해 실시하였다. 연구대상자는 최근 3개월간 근·골격계 질환이나 움직임, 가동범위에 제한 이 있는 대상자는 제외하였으며, 각 집단 모두 9명씩 선정하였다. 견관절 ROM 측정은 굴곡, 외전, 외회전, 내회전을 측 정하였으며, 고유수용성 감각의 측정은 능동·수동 관절위치감각(joint position sense) 검사를 실시하였다. 균형능력 은 지지판의 변화에 따른 피험자의 종합적인 균형능력을 평가하였다. 그 결과 견관절 가동범위에서 굴곡, 외전, 내회전 의 가동범위는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았으며, 외회전 가동범위에 프로골프 선수 집단이 일반인 집단보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<.05). 고유수용성 감각 검사에서 수동적 관절위치감각 검사에서는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았으나 능동적 관절위치감각 검사에서 프로골프 선수 집단이 일반인 집단보다 유의하게 오차각도가 낮게 나타났다(p<.05). 균형능력 검사에서는 프로골프 선수집단이 일반인 집단보다 전체적인 균형능력이 우수한 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 추후 프로골프 선수들의 경기력 향상을 위한 중요 요인으로써 훈련 프로그램 개발을 위해 계속된 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

The purpose of this study is to identify the differences of shoulder range of motion, proprioception and balance ability between general people and pro golfers (members of Korea Professional Golfers' Association). The subjects who have limitations in muscle, skeletal disease, movement, and range of motion during the last 3 months were excluded, The subjects were divided into 9 general people and 9 pro golfers. Shoulder ROM were measured for flexion, abduction, external rotation, and internal rotation, measurement of the proprioceptive sensory were conducted for active, passive joint position sense. The balance ability was measured for the total balance ability of the subjects according to the change of the support plate. Pro golfers group showed significantly higher range of motion than general people in external rotation (p<.05). In shoulder active joint position sense (AJPS) test, pro golfers group showed significantly low error angle than general people (p<.05). In balance ability test, pro golfers group showed tendency of higher scores than general people group, but did not show a significance between the groups. This results might come from the superior motor ability of the pro golfers, however to improve athletic performance and prevent injury& rehabilitation, exercises to improve shoulder range of motion and proprioceptive sense should be included.

본 연구는 사격선수들의 특성에 맞춘 보강 운동프로그램이 어깨 고유수용성 감각, 가동성 및 통증에 미치는 영향 을 분석하여, 사격선수의 부상 예방을 위한 효과적인 보강운동 전략을 제시하고자 실시하였다. 연구 대상자는 대한사격연 맹에 등록된 권총 선수 7명과 소총 선수 6명, 총 13명으로 구성하였다. 보강 운동프로그램은 주 5회, 각 세션 10분씩 단기 간 동안 진행되었다. 운동 전·후에 어깨 고유수용성 감각, 어깨 가동성, 시각 통증 척도(VAS), 그리고 어깨 및 팔꿈치 관절 기능(KJOC)을 측정하였다. 통계 분석에서는 집단 간 사전 차이를 Mann-Whitney 검정으로, 시기 간 차이는 Wilcoxon 부호순위 검정으로 확인하였다. 또한, 집단 구분 없이 모든 대상자의 사전·사후 데이터를 비교하기 위해 대응표본 t-검정 을 수행하였으며, 유의수준은 ⍺ = .05로 설정하였다. 분석한 결과, 소총 선수들의 고유수용성 감각과 통증에서 유의미한 개선이 나타났으며, 권총 선수들도 긍정적인 변화를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 어깨 보강 운동프로그램이 사격선수들의 어깨 기능 향상과 통증 완화에 효과가 있는 것으로 생각된다. 따라서, 장기적인 적용을 통해 어깨 부상 예방에 효과를 기대할 수 있음을 시사한다.

This study analyzed the effects of a reinforcement exercise program tailored to the characteristics of shooting athletes on shoulder proprioception, mobility, and pain, aiming to propose an effective strategy for injury prevention in shooting athletes. The participants consisted of 13 high school athletes registered with the Korea Shooting Federation, including 7 pistol athletes and 6 rifle athletes. The reinforcement exercise program was conducted over a short period, with five sessions per week, each lasting 10 minutes. Pre- and post-intervention measurements included shoulder proprioception, shoulder mobility, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Shoulder & Elbow Score(KJOC) shoulder assessment. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney test to assess between-group differences at baseline and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to evaluate within-group differences over time. Additionally, paired t-tests were conducted to compare pre- and post-intervention data for all participants regardless of group, with the significance level set at ⍺ = .05. The results demonstrated significant improvements in proprioception and pain among rifle athletes, while pistol athletes also showed positive changes. These findings suggest that the reinforcement exercise program effectively enhances shoulder function and alleviates pain in shooting athletes. Therefore, its long-term application is expected to contribute to shoulder injury prevention.

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 첫째, 체성감각 수용기의 활성화인 마찰에 의한 통증 입력이 고유수용성 감각에 미치는 영 향을 알아보고 둘째, 작업수행 기술 수준에 따른 작업수행 요인 중 하나인 고유수용성 감각의 변화를 규명하는 것 이다. 연구방법 : 실험군으로 1년 간 작업 실습에 참가한 제철 산업 전공 남자 대학생 22명과 대조군으로 일반 남자 대학 생 22명을 선정하였고. 3차원 동작분석 장비 Winarm을 이용하여 주관절 굴곡 신전, 수근관절 굴곡 신전 시 관절 위치 오차를 측정하여 고유수용성 감각 정도를 구하였다. 이 후 빗질을 이용하여 마찰 통증을 발현하였고 고유수 용성 감각을 재측정하였다. 수집된 자료는 계산식을 이용하여 오차의 평균을 산출한 뒤 통계분석 하였다. 결과 : 주관절 굴곡, 신전과 수근관절 굴곡, 신전 시 실험군과 대조군 모두 마찰에 의한 통증 입력 이후 자세 위치 오 차가 증가하였다(p<.05). 실험군과 대조군의 자세 위치 오차의 전후 차이를 비교한 결과 주관절의 y축 오차에서만 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났고 (p<.05) 다른 변인들은 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 결론 : 체성 감각인 통증의 증가는 위치조절에 필요한 고유수용성 감각 활성을 감소시키고 통증 발현 시 작업수행 기술 수준과는 상관없이 고유수용성감각 감소는 일정한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 산업재해 예방을 위해서는 통증 을 감소시키고 고유수용성 감각을 증가시키는 프로그램이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Objective : The purpose of this study was to know the effects of pain input from friction on proprioception, and to identify the change of proprioception, which is an occupational performance component. Methods : Twenty-two males who had participated in working practice during 1 year were recruited for this study as an experimental group. Also, twenty-two healthy university students were recruited for this study as a control group. We measured the mean positioning error using Winarm three-dimentional motion analysis equipment by having the subjects move their elbow flexion-extension and wrist flexion-extension. Next, the subjects were given an intervention of pain using a brush. We then conducted a retest. The collected data were calculated using a formula and analyzed. Results : Both the experimental and control groups showed significant increases in mean positioning error during an elbow flexion-extension and wrist flexion-extension after pain input (p<.05). However, the difference in mean positioning error before and after was not significant except for the elbow y axis error (p<.05). Conclusion : An increase of pain, which is a somathetic sensory receptor, reduced the firing of proprioceptions for positioning control. When pain appeared, a reduction of proprioception firing was constant without reference to the level of occupational performance skill. Therefore, a program for decreasing pain and increasing proprioception for the prevention of industrial injuries is needed.

본 연구는 해부학 교육 기반 키넥션 요가 프로그램이 목 통증을 가진 성인의 고유수용감각, 동적 균형, 통증에 미치는 효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 목 통증이 있는 성인 20명을 대상으로 중재군(n=10)과 대조군(n=10)으로 배정하여, 4주 동안 주 2회, 회당 60분씩 총 8회의 프로그램을 실시하였다. 중재 전·후로 고유수용감각, 동적 균형, 통증 강도를 측정하여 분석하였다. 중재군에서는 고유수용감각(p<.05), 동적 균형(p<.05), 통증 강도(p<.05)에서 유의한 개선이 나 타났다. 또한 그룹 간 비교에서도 모든 변수에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 확인되었으며(p<.05), 해부학 교육을 병행 한 중재군이 대조군에 비해 더 큰 효과를 보였다. 해부학 교육에 기반한 키넥션 요가는 목 통증 환자의 신체 인식 능력 을 향상시켜 기능 회복과 통증 완화에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 해부학적 이해를 돕는 시각화 와 교육이 포함된 운동 프로그램은 임상 현장에서 효과적인 중재 방법으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of an anatomy education–based Kinection yoga program on proprioception, dynamic balance, and pain in adults with neck pain. A total of 20 participants were assigned to an intervention group (n=10) and a control group (n=10), and the program was conducted over 4 weeks, twice weekly, with each session lasting 60 minutes (total of 8 sessions). Proprioception, dynamic balance, and pain intensity were assessed before and after the intervention. The intervention group showed significant improvements in proprioception (p<.05), dynamic balance (p<.05), and pain intensity (p<.05). Furthermore, between-group comparisons revealed statistically significant differences across all variables (p<.05), with greater improvements observed in the intervention group that received anatomy-based education. These findings suggest that Kinection yoga incorporating anatomical education may enhance body awareness and contribute to functional recovery and pain reduction in individuals with neck pain, supporting the clinical applicability of exercise programs that integrate visualization and educational components to facilitate anatomical understanding.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of linear and spiral exercises using elastic bands on proprioception, muscle strength, and balance in adults with chronic ankle instability. The subjects were 32 adults with chronic ankle instability who were randomly divided into 2 groups and applied linear exercise and spiral exercise using an elastic bands, respectively. A goniometer was used to measure proprioception, Commander echo muscle tester was used to measure muscle strength, and the Balancia software program and Y-balance test were used to measure balance. As a result, proprioception, muscle strength, and balance were significantly improved within the group in linear and spiral exercises using elastic bands (p<.05). In proprioception, the error angle was further reduced in spiral exercise using elastic band after intervention (p<.05). Therefore, we suggest that spiral exercise using elastic band is more effective for adults with chronic ankle instability.

본 연구는 청소년 태권도 선수 대상으로 4주간 발목 파워트레이닝을 실시하여 등속성 발목근력, 고유수용성감각 과 균형성에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 실시되었다. 연구대상은 20명 남자 선수들로 선정하였으며 집단의 분류는 발목파워트레이닝 그룹(n = 10)과 통제 그룹(n = 10)으로 구성하였다. 발목 파워트레이닝 적용은 주5일, 워밍업과 쿨다 운 시간을 포함하여 100분 실시하였다. 본 연구를 통해 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 파워트레이닝 프로그램 후 각속도 60°/sec와 180°/sec에서 등속성 하지근력이 통제그룹보다 증가된 결과를 나타냈다. 둘째, 발목 파워트레닝 그룹이 고유수용성감각에서 발목 파워트레닝 프로그램 후 향상된 결과를 나타냈다. 셋째, 청소년 태권도선수들에서 발목 파워트 레이닝 프로그램 후 균형성에서 발목 파워트레이닝 그룹이 유의한 증가를 나타냈다. 결론적으로 발목 파워트레이닝은 청소년 태권도 선수들에서 등속성 발목근력, 고유수용성 감각과 균형성 능력 향상에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다.

Although many studies have focused on strength or power for adults, no comprehensive researches have investigated the use of the ankle power training and analysis of ankle strength, proprioception and balance in young athletes. The study subjects were 20 male high school students in elite taekwondo atheltes. They were divided into the ankle power training group(PTG, n = 10) and a control group(CON, n = 10). Taekwondo athletes were treated with pover training five times per week for 4weeks. All the data was analyzed using ANOVA by repeated measures analysis of variance. Significant differences were observed between the two groups in PTG group an CON group isokinetic ankle muscle strength 60°/sec(left: DorsiFlexion; p < 0.001 and PlantarFlexion: p < 0.001; right: DorsiFlexion; p < 0.001 and PlantarFlexion; p < 0.001), isokinetic ankle muscle strength 180°/sec(left: DorsiFlexion; p < 0.001 and PlantarFlexion; p < 0.001; right: DorsiFlexion; p < 0.001 and PlantarFlexion; p < 0.001), proprioception(p < 0.01) and balance(p < 0.001) These results suggest that ankle power training improves strength fitness, lower body balance and proprioception of joint in young taekwondo athetes.

본 연구는 샌들을 이용한 균형 훈련이 만성 발목 불안정성 환자에 균형 능력과 고유수용성 감각에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 만성 발목 불안정성으로 진단받은 대상자 36명을 무작위로 샌들운동과 균형훈련, 대조군으로 할당하였 으며, 정적균형능력과 고유수용성 감각 평가를 중재 전-후 실시하였다. 12명의 샌들운동군은 균형샌들을 이용하여 실시하였 고, 12명의 균형훈련군은 고전적인 균형훈련을 실시하였다. 세 집단은 동일한 시간, 동일한 조건에서 30분 동안 주당 3회를 8주간 실시하였다. 샌들을 이용한 균형훈련 집단은 두 집단보다 균형능력에서 전반적인 유의한 효과를 보였으며(p<.001), 고유수용성 감각은 가쪽번짐에서 유의한 효과를 보였다(p<.001). 따라서 샌들을 이용한 균형훈련은 만성발목 불안정성 환자 뿐 아니라 노인의 낙상예방 훈련에도 긍정적인 중재 방법이 될 것이다.

The objective of the study was the effects of balance training using sandals on the balancing and proprioception of patients with chronic ankle instability(CAI). A total of 36 patients with CAI were assigned to sandal exercise(SE), balance training(BT), and control groups(CG). The groups were assessed for static balancing and proprioception before and after the intervention. The SE performed using balance sandals, while BT performed balance training. Intervention comprised a 30minute session. 3 times a week for 8 weeks. The SE showed significant effect in static balance, as compared to the other two groups (p<.001), whereas proprioception showed a significant effect on eversion (p<.001). Therefore, balance training using sandals can be a positive intervention method for prevention of falls in elderly as well as chronic ankle instability patients.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of thoracic mobility exercise on pain, range of motion, craniovertebral angle, proprioception, respiratory function, and neck disability index in university students with neck pain and forward head posture. Thirty participants were randomly assigned to either a thoracic mobility exercise group (n=15) or a craniocervical flexion exercise group (n=15). Both groups performed their respective exercises for 10 minutes per day, 3 sets per session, 7 times per week for 4 weeks, with a 1-minute rest period between sets, while diaphragmatic breathing was encouraged during exercise. Outcome measures, including visual analogue scale, range of motion, pressure pain threshold, craniovertebral angle, proprioception, respiratory function, and neck disability index, were assessed before and after the intervention. After the intervention, the thoracic mobility exercise group showed significant improvements in all outcome measures in the within-group analysis and demonstrated significantly greater improvements in pain, range of motion, craniovertebral angle, proprioception, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and neck disability index compared with the craniocervical flexion exercise group (p<.05). These findings suggest that thoracic mobility exercise may be an effective intervention for improving pain, functional outcomes, and respiratory function in patients with neck pain and forward head posture.

This study aimed to identify the effect of push up plus exercise using 8-figure shoulder orthosis (PUPE-8FSO) on pain, shoulder range of motion (ROM) and proprioception in patients with round shoulder posture. The participants were randomized into the PUPE-8FSO (n=10) and 8FSO groups (n=10). PUPE-8FSO group applied 8FSO on the shoulder, and both groups performed to PUPE for 3 sets of 10 times a day, 2 minutes break between sets, 5 times a week for 4 weeks. All participants have measured visual analog pain scale (VAS), shoulder flexion-abduction ROM, and proprioception in before and after the intervention. After the interventions, PUPE-8FSO group showed greater improvement in VAS, shoulder flexion-abduction ROM, and proprioception than in the PUPE group (p<.05). Furthermore, both groups had significantly improvement in the all outcomes compared to the pre-test (p<.05). These findings suggest that the PUPE-8FSO has a potential for benefits on pain and shoulder functions.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of ankle stabilization exercises performed on unstable surfaces on cervical vertebral alignment and postural control in adults with forward head posture (FHP). Methods: Thirty adults with FHP were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (training on an unstable surface) or a control group (training on a stable surface). Participants in both groups performed 20 min of resistance band exercises, focusing on dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. Outcome measures included the craniovertebral angle (CVA), cervical muscle characteristics, and static plantar pressure. Results: The experimental group showed significant improvements in CVA and plantar pressure distribution (p<.05). A significant increase in the tone of the upper trapezius (UTA) muscle was also observed. However, there were no significant changes in other muscle parameters, such as stiffness or decrement. Conclusion: Ankle stabilization exercises on unstable surfaces may be effective in improving cervical alignment and postural stability in individuals with forward head posture.