Earticle

Processing of medicinal plants and mushrooms plays a crucial role in oriental medicine. This study investigated the antioxidant potency and chemical composition of antler-shaped Ganoderma lucidumprocessed under different heating temperatures (120 to 180 °C) and times (10 to 20 minutes). Processed samples were analyzed for their antioxidant activities, including total phenol content, DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging capacity, NO assay, ROS scavenging capacity, and chemical composition changes. Antioxidant potency was highest with processing at 180 °C for 10 min and at 210 °C for 10 min. This enhanced activity is likely attributed to changes in compound functional groups due to heat processing, which in turn influences antioxidant activity. In contrast to antioxidant potency, chemical components, including ganoderic acid D, ganodermanonitriol, and ergosterol, showed decreasing trends with increasing temperature and time.

This study investigated the changes in the antioxidant activity, nitrite scavenging activity, and β-glucan content of processed raw materials (Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinula edodes, and Flammulina velutipes) brought about by storage at room temperature (20-25oC) and low temperature (4oC). The results indicated that DPPH free radical scavenging activity was the lowest in air-dried and roasted samples that were stored at room temperature,k with the exception of the airdried samples of P. eryngii and L. edodes. For total polyphenol contents, all roasted samples of the edible mushrooms stored at room and low temperature decreased compared with the samples pre-storage, except for the air-dried samples of P. eryngii, P. ostreatus, and L. edodes. Furthermore, the ferric reducing antioxidant power and reducing power of the air-dried and roasted samples stored at room temperature and low temperature tended to increase compared to that before storage. Moreover, the β- glucan content in the air-dried and roasted samples stored at room temperature was significantly lower compared to that before storage, as well as to that in the samples stored at low temperature (p<0.05). The results of this study may help predict the degree to which biological activities in processed edible mushrooms change when stored at room temperature and/or low temperature conditions.

This study was carried out to investigate the changes in the biological activity and nutritional content of Flammulina velutipes, Grifola frondosa, and Sparassis crispa extracts after roasting treatment. Regarding biological activities, the DPPH radical scavenging activity was the highest in the extracts of air-dried G. frondosa, while the nitrite scavenging activity was significantly higher in the extracts of roasted S. crispa (p<0.05). The total polyphenol contents of F. velutipes and S. crispa were significantly increased by the roasting treatment compared with those in fresh samples (p<0.05). Regarding the amino acid composition of edible mushrooms, the content of sweet-taste amino acids, including serine (Ser) and alanine (Ala), increased in G. frondosa after roasting, whereas bitter amino acids, including decreased in roasted versus samples. Moreover, the contents of essential amino acids such as leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile), methionine (Met), valine (Val), and histidine (His) in F. velutipes and S. crispa were increased due to the roasting treatment (versus fresh samples). Thus, it was confirmed that the r method is effective in improving the nutritional content of edible mushrooms.

Method for providing a human interface for media services in a user equipment. In order to provide the human interface, the background screen of the human interface may be formed from at least one image. Each image of the at least one image may represent a respective one of the retrieved media services. The human interface having the background screen formed from the at least one image may be displayed. A desired image may be selected from the at least one image of the displayed human interface, and a desired media service corresponding to the selected desired image may be played.

This experiment was conducted to establish the standard of quality evaluation in peony root (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) cultivated in Korea. The contents of extract and changes of extract pH in peony root with different root ages, cultivars and drying method were investigated. The contents of extract and changes of extract pH in peony root with the removed and the unremoved cork layer showed no difference among different root ages. On the other hand, the contents of extract in the root with the unremoved cork layer which was two-to four-year-old, were higher by 3.7 to 9.2% than those in the root with removed cork layer. This suggests that cork layer might be a good source of extracts. The contents of extract in root of Youngchonjakyak in both the removed and the unremoved cork layer were 36% and 30%, respectively and were higher than of Euisungjakyak and Jomjakyak, but the extract pH was not significantly different among three cultivars which were four-year-old. It showed that the contents of extract and the changes of extract pH in peony root with the removed and the unremoved cork layer of Euisungjakyak, which being four-year-old, showed clear difference at various drying methods. Among the different drying methods, it showed that the contents of extract of that with unremoved cork layer in the room temperature drying method was 32.8%, and that of root with the removed cork layer in the 80℃ hot water treatment drying method was 28.1% which were the highest values, respectively. The pH of extract in freeze drying was the highest (about 5.1),and the 80℃ hot water treatment drying showed the lowest (about 3.7).

This study was carried out to determine changes in general chemical composition, free sugars, physicochemical properties of extract, and ginsenoside contents depending upon processing methods. Ginseng roots harvested from the same field were employed for the processing into white ginseng (WG), taegeuk ginseng (TG), red ginseng A (RGA, steamed one time), and red ginseng B (RGB, steamed three times). The fat content decreased by increasing duration of treatment and number of steaming treatment. On the other hand, there was no significant variation in contents of ash and carbohydrate depending on processing methods. Contents of sucrose and maltose was higher in Taegeuk and red ginseng than those of white ginseng. Steamed ginseng root (taegeuk and red ginseng root) showed higher amount of water extractable solid than the unsteamed white ginseng, but the variation of crude saponin content was not distinctive depending on processing methods. The contents of total ginsenosides increased by the order of white,taegeuk, red A, and red B root. In summary, chemical composition and total ginsenoside content were different according to part of root and processing methods, thus implies the importance of quality control as well as pharmacological activity of ginseng root.

최근 빅데이터를 수용하기 위한 대용량 저장 장치가 필요한 엔터프라이즈 저장 시스템에서는 비용과 크기 대비 직접도가 높은 대용량의 플래시 메모리 기반 저장 장치를 많이 사용하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 엔터프라이즈 대용량 저장 장치의 신뢰도와 이용성에 직접적인 영향을 주는 플래시 메모리 미디어의 수명을 극대화 하기 위해 경사하강법을 적용한 고효율 수명 예측 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 불량 발생 빈도를 학습하기 위한 메타 데이터를 저장하는 매트릭스의 구조를 제안하고 메타데이터를 이용한 비용 모델을 제안한다. 또한 학습된 범위를 벗어난 불량이 발생 했을 때 예외 상황에서의 수명 예측 정책을 제안한다. 마지막으로 시뮬레이션을 통해 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법이 이전까지 플래시 메모리의 수명 예측을 위해 사용되어 온 고정 횟수 기반 수명 예측 방법과 예비 블록의 남은 비율을 기반으로 하는 수명 예측 방법 대비 수명을 극대화 할 수 있음을 증명하여 우수성을 확인했다.

Recently, enterprise storage systems that require large-capacity storage devices to accommodate big data have used large-capacity flash memory-based storage devices with high density compared to cost and size. This paper proposes a high-efficiency life prediction method with slope descent to maximize the life of flash memory media that directly affects the reliability and usability of large enterprise storage devices. To this end, this paper proposes the structure of a matrix for storing metadata for learning the frequency of defects and proposes a cost model using metadata. It also proposes a life expectancy prediction policy in exceptional situations when defects outside the learned range occur. Lastly, it was verified through simulation that a method proposed by this paper can maximize its life compared to a life prediction method based on the fixed number of times and the life prediction method based on the remaining ratio of spare blocks, which has been used to predict the life of flash memory.

암호화된 공간데이터베이스와 같은 최근의 여러 응용에서는 질의 기준이 최대근접객체가 되는 객체들을 찾는 역최대근접질의가 자주 발생한다. 실세계의 검색공간에는 강, 호수 그리고 고속도로 등과 같은 다양한 장애물이 존재하며, 이러한 환경에서 검색성능을 높이기 위해서는 장애물을 고려한 검색거리 측도가 반드시 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 장애물이 존재하는 검색공간에서 역최대근접질의 처리를 최적화하기 위한 검색거리 측도들과 질의처리 알고리즘을 제시한다.

It is occurred frequently the reverse nearest neighbor queries to find objects where a query point can be the nearest neighbor object in recently applications like the encrypted spatial database. In a search space of the real world, however, there are many physical obstacles(e.g., rivers, lakes, highways, etc.). It is necessary the accurate measurement of distances considered the obstacles to increase the retrieval performance such as this circumstance. In this study, we present the algorithm and the measurement of distance to optimize the processing performance of reverse nearest neighbor queries in a search space with the presence of obstacles.

사회재난의 위험성이 증가함에 따라 리스크 평가에 대한 중요성이 증가하면서 이에 대한 연구가 활발하게 수행되고 있다. 리스크 평가를 바탕으로 위험지도를 제작하여 이를 바탕으로 정책 결정과 시민들에게 공표하는 등 재난안전 측면에 있어 위험 지도는 매우 중요한 연구이다. 그러나 위험지도를 제작하는 과정에서 데이터의 속성마다 적절한 표준화가 이루어지지 않을 경 우 최종 위험지도의 결과를 신뢰하기 어렵다. 사회재난의 경우 지역 특성에 따라서 일부 지역에만 발생하거나 계절적 요인으로 인해 특정 기간에 집중되어있다. 따라서 특정 재난은 이상치 속성을 보이는 데이터 분포를 가지고 있어 위험지도를 작성하기 전 전처리 과정이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 이상치 속성을 갖는 재난을 대상으로 새로운 표준화 기법을 제안하였으며 이상치 탐색을 위해 통계적 기법을 적용하였다. 또한 이상치 탐색 후 제안한 방법을 통해 표준화를 위한 범위설정을 재검토하였다. 이 상치를 고려하기 전과 후의 결과를 비교하였으며 이를 바탕으로 데이터 전처리의 필요성을 제시하고 가축질병을 중심으로 적 용한 결과를 나타내었다.

처리과란 문서의 수발 및 사무처리를 주관하는 부서를 말하며 업무와 기록물생산의 시작점이다. 처리과에서는 기록물을 생산하는 것뿐만아니라 편철·정리·보존기간 책정·이관 등 기록물관리 업무의 대부분을 수행하고 있다. 이러한 처리과 기록물관리의 중요성에도 불구하고 처리과의 기록물관리 문제는 업무담당자들의 의지부족 등 개인적인 문제로 치부되곤 했다. 이 연구는 처리과 기록물관리의 중요성과 업무담당자가 생각하는 기록물관리를 설문조사를 통해 조사한 후, 기관 기록물관리 업무에서 개선해야 할 사항들을 도출하였다.

The department of processing is one to supervise the care for documents and the transaction of business and is also the starting point for task and production of records. In the department of processing, it not only produces records but also performs most tasks including keeping on file, organizing, arranging the period of preservation and transferring. Despite the importance of this record management in the department of processing, the problem of record management in the department of processing is considered to the private problem such as lack of will of task performers. After investigating the importance of record management and the record management that task performers think through a survey, this study deducts the matters to improve in the task of record management at the institution.

In this study, the ultra-smooth surface of Inconel 625 workpieces were achieved by 40000-RPM grade magnetic abrasive polishing (MAP) process. This process created the high rotational speed of workpiece and the movement of magnetic pole to produce the polishing action of magnetic abrasive tools on the surface of Inconel 625 workpieces. The input parameters used in this experiment were selected as the rotational speed of workpiece (40000 rpm), movement of magnetic poles (Feed rate: 2 mm/sec), grain size of abrasive tool (PCD abrasive: 1- ㎛), magnetic poles (A-shape, B-shape, and C-shape) and the polishing times (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 min). The results of this study showed that the smooth surface of Inconel 625 bar was achieved, which the surface roughness of Inconel 625 were significantly improved from 0.33 μm to 0.03 μm within 10 min of the polishing time via B-shape of magnetic poles. This can be confirmed that the 40000-RPM grade MAP processing method is an effective process to achieve high surface quality of Inconel 625 workpieces.

Purpose: This study aims to compare the internal and marginal accuracy of provisional crowns fabricated using the digital light processing (DLP) three-dimensional (3D) printing method, considering build directions of 0° and 90°, as well as layer thicknesses of 50 μm, 75 μm, and 100 μm. Methods: Provisional crowns were fabricated using a DLP 3D printer, and six experimental groups were created, each comprising 10 specimens. Provisional crowns were designed with computer-aided design software and printed using a liquid resin material. Internal and marginal accuracy were assessed using root mean square (RMS) values. Statistical analyses, including two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (α=0.05), were conducted to evaluate the effects of build direction and layer thickness on RMS values. Results: For the trueness of the internal surface, the lowest RMS value (31.56±4.47 μm) was observed at a 0° build direction with a layer thickness of 100 μm. At 90° with 100 μm, the RMS value was 64.72±4.96 μm (p<0.05). Marginal trueness at a 0° build direction with 75 μm showed the lowest value of 31.88±6.89 μm, while at 90° with 75 μm it was 85.40±22.45 μm (p<0.001). Differences between build direction and layer thickness combinations were confirmed for both internal and marginal trueness (p<0.001). Conclusion: The effects of build directions (0°, 90°) and layer thicknesses (50 μm, 75 μm, 100 μm) on the internal and marginal accuracy of printed crowns were analyzed, revealing a significant interaction in both internal and marginal trueness.

본 연구는 동일한 위치라도 어떻게 표기하는지 환경적 단서에 따라 소비자 행동이 달라질수 있음을 검증하였다. 구체적으로, 문자와 숫자의 표기 방식에 따라 달라지는 소비자 반응을 살펴보고, 이러한 위치 표기 단서가 어떤 상황에서 소비자 행동에 더 큰 영향을 미칠 수있는지 확인하였다. 연구 1에서는 문자와 숫자 단서가 구매의도에 미치는 효과에 있어, 거리지각과 좌석가치지각의 매개적 역할을 검증하였다. 연구결과, 문자가 숫자 단서에 비하여 목표 대안을 가깝게 지각하고 대상에 대해 높은 가치를 부여하며, 이러한 과정이 구매 의도에영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 연구 2에서는 이러한 문자와 숫자 단서의 효과를 조절하는근접성의 효과를 살펴본 결과, 문자와 숫자 단서의 효과는 근접한 조건보다 일정 거리가 있어 객관적 거리를 가늠하기 어려운 상황에서 크게 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 문자와 숫자 단서에 대한 소비자의 심리적 반응을 이해하고, 환경적 단서를 통한 효과적인 설득 방안에 대한 실무적 시사점을 제시한다.

This study demonstrates that environmental cues about how the same location is represented can change consumer behavior. Specifically, we examine how consumer responses vary depending on how letters and numbers are represented, and we explore under what circumstances these location cues may have a greater impact on consumer behavior. In Study 1, we examined the mediating role of distance perception and seat value perception in the effect of letter and number cues on purchase intention. The results showed that letters, compared to numeric cues, perceive the target alternative as closer and assign a higher value to the target, and that these processes influence purchase intention. Study 2 examined the effect of proximity in moderating the effect of these letter and number cues, and found that the effect of letter and number cues was stronger in situations where the objective distance was harder to judge due to a certain distance than in close proximity conditions. These findings contribute to our understanding of consumers’ psychological responses to letter and number cues and provide practical implications for effective persuasion through environmental cues.

공공기관을 필두로 민감정보를 취급하는 기업들은 사이버 공격 예방을 위하여 업무망과 인터넷망을 분리 구축하고, 강한 접근통제를 바탕으로 중요 데이터를 보호하고 있다. 그렇기에 업무망과 인터넷망이 연결되는 접점을 수반하는 시스템은 관리 적, 기술적으로 안전한 보안환경 구축이 필수적으로 요구되고 있다. 기관에서 사용하고자 하는 모바일 장치의 경우 기기를 통 제하기 위한 MDM(Mobile Device Management) 솔루션이 그 예라 할 수 있다. 이 시스템은 모바일 장치 정보, 사용자 정보 등의 민감정보를 인터넷망에서 취급하여 동작하므로 운영 시 각별한 보안대책이 요구된다. 본 연구에서 인터넷망에서 반드시 운영되어야 하는 시스템에서의 민감정보 데이터 처리를 내부망에서 관리할 수 있도록 모델을 제시하였으며, 이를 망연동 솔루 션을 기반으로 한 MDM 솔루션을 중심으로 기능 설계 및 구축하였다.

Companies that handle sensitive information, led by public institutions, establish separate networks for work and the Internet and protect important data through strong access control measures to prevent cyber attacks. Therefore, systems that involve the junction where the Intranet(internal LAN for work purposes only) and the Internet network are connected require the establishment of a safe security environment through both administrative and technical measures. Mobile Device Management(MDM) solutions to control mobile devices used by institutions are one such example. As this system operates by handling sensitive information such as mobile device information and user information on the Internet network, stringent security measures are required during operation. In this study, a model was proposed to manage sensitive information data processing in systems that must operate on the Internet network by managing it on the internal work network, and the function design and implementation were centered on an MDM solution based on a network interconnection solution.

A Korean seasoned meat product, seasoned bulgogi was developed in processing and packaging for improved convenience and extended shelf life. The optimal process conditions were found to consist of aging for 20~30 hours at 5oC and air heating for 20 minutes at 210oC Aging of 24 hours could attain soft texture with little change in pH, color and total aerobic bacterial count. Appropriate drip level could be achieved at air heating of 20 minutes at 210oC, while the air heating at 180oC could not give suitable level of texture. Modified atmosphere packaging of 60% CO2 and 40% N2 could preserve the product significantly better compared to control of air package and vacuumed package.