Earticle

The context of innovation in which we evolve today, subtracts us in a spacial reality and virtuality (digital) that aimed less and less to interact with natural processes which could converge to new possible relationships in the world. We constantly live in presence of fluctuations and imperceptible natural energies (wind, solar radiation, etc.) defined by flows, their own physicality, which remains without being virtual, elusive. This study first outlines how these energies already exploited within the framework of production, could be thought as interactive of our habitat’s space dimension, as a prolongation of a physical and material environment built by men and for men, giving rise to new social, cultural dynamics, and making natural complexity of our space vivid, comprehensible with new visual and physical clues. In recent days, where lifestyles are changing, architecture no longer needs to limit its scope of creation to only built structures. Based on a deeper understanding of human and through new potential advanced technologies (kinetic system, etc), it is time to fundamentally diagnose what environments or devices contribute to our lives. Architecture becomes «interface», step up its fundamental role, and newly defines the sturdy image and tectonics of existing environment, establishing a stance to search for a new typology. In the end, building will show two simultaneous and distinctive connections related to its physical existence: reality in its function and irreductibility, in its ability to forge new dynamic connections with its environment, hybridizing the spatial dimension to a new form of physicality, adaptive and incessantly flexible in the dimension time, becoming a vessel for ever changing contemporary lifestyles.

A large-scale analysis to evaluate complex material and structural behaviors is one of interesting topic in diverse engineering and scientific fields. Also, the utilization of massively parallel processors has been a recent trend of high performance computing. The objective of this paper is to introduce a parallel process system which consists of general purpose finite element analysis solver as well as parallelized PC cluster. The later was constructed using eight processing elements and the former was developed adopting both hierarchical domain decomposition method and balancing domain decomposition method. Then, to verify the efficiency of the established system, it was applied for structural analysis of steam generator in nuclear power plant. Since the prototypal evaluation results agreed well to the corresponding reference solutions it is believed that, after reinforcement of PC cluster by increasing number of processing elements, the promising parallel process system can be utilized as a useful tool for advanced structural integrity evaluation.

Purpose: In Japan, the long-term care insurance and health insurance acts have stipulated the visiting rehabilitation system to provide support at the national level. The prior case of Japan would provide guidelines for seeking a suitable policy direction in South Korea. This study aims to examine the historical transition process of the visiting rehabilitation system in Japan, and the issues that emerged in the process of the institutionalization of this system. Methods: To examine the historical transition process of the system, the regulations announced by the government and their reports were reviewed. The relevant issues were qualitatively analyzed based on the opinions of scholars, therapists, and interested organizations that were reported in published papers on the topic. Result: The visiting rehabilitation system has been implemented in the following chronological order: The Health and Medical Service Act for the aged (1982-2006), the Health Insurance Act (1988-), and the Long-term Care Insurance Act (2000-). Currently, visiting rehabilitation is provided through hospitals, clinics, visiting nursing stations, etc. The following issues came to the fore in the process of the institutionalization of the system: (1) the complexity of the system, (2) the necessity of changing perceptions into a life model approach, (3) insufficient service provision by therapists, (4) the lack of human resources and an education system, (5) the lack of awareness of care managers and doctors about visiting rehabilitation, and (6) the necessity of quality enhancement through a team approach. Conclusion: It is deemed worthwhile to refer to the visiting rehabilitation system in Japan and the issues that emerged in the process of institutionalizing the system while seeking a policy direction for a similar system in South Korea.

A novel stereolithography method using evanescent light has been proposed as a means to realize 100-nanometer resolution. An in-process measurement system with high accuracy has been introduced to the nanostereolithography apparatus. Specifically, an optical microscopic system was developed to monitor the exposure process and a confocal positioning system was established to improve the longitudinal positioning accuracy in the layer-by-layer process. A high-power objective lens, a tube lens, and a charge coupled device (CCD) were included in the optical microscopic system, whereas a laser, a high-power objective lens, a piezoelectric (PZT) stage, a condenser lens, a pinhole, and a photomultiplier (PMT) made up the confocal microscopic system. Two verification experiments were conducted, and the results indicated that the optical microscopic system had a horizontal resolution of 200 nm and that the confocal positioning system provided a depth resolution of 30.8 nm. These results indicate that nanostereolithography can be successfully performed with this system.

While conventional business administration-based information technology management methods are applied to the risk analysis of information systems, no security risk analysis techniques have been used in relation to information protection. In particular, given the rapid diffusion of information systems and the demand for information protection, it is vital to develop security risk analysis techniques. Therefore, this paper will suggest an ideal risk analysis process for information systems. To prove the usefulness of this security risk analysis process, this paper will show the results of managed, physical and technical security risk analysis that are derived from investigating and analyzing the conventional information protection items of an information system.

The blanking of thin sheet metal using progressive dies is an important process on production of precision electronic machine parts such as IC leadframe. This paper summarizes the results of simulating the progressive blanking process by means of LS/DYNA. In order to verify the influence of blanking order on the final lead profile and deformed configuration, simulation technique has been proposed and analyzed using a commercial FEM code, LS/DYNA. The results of FE-simulations are in good agreement with the experimental result. After then, to construct rule base in progressive blanking process, FE-simulation has been performed using a simple model. Based on this result rule base is set up and then the blanking order of inner lead is rearranged. Consequently, from the results of FE-simulation using suggested method in this paper, it is possible to predict the shift of lead to manufacture high precision lead frame in progressive blanking process. The proposed method can give more systematic and economically feasible means for designing progressive blanking process.

In this paper, the characteristics in mechanical properties of ultrasonic cold forging treatment (UCFT) used for the trimming knife and the effects of ultrasonic vibration energy (UVE) into the trimming process on the state of the strip cutting face were studied, And a diagnosis system to quality control for trimming knife and strip cutting face was developed and installed in plant. By the plant application of UCFT, service life of knife was more increased over 100% than that of conventional knife and using the developed diagnosis system, the knife breakage and saw ear have been perfectly detected and quality control of trimming face is effectively obtained.

To investigate a relation between vortex clusters and large-scale structures in the outer layer of wall turbulence, direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flows have been conducted up to $Re^{\tau}$= 1270. The vortex clusters in the outer layer consist coherent fine scale eddies (CFSEs) of which diameter and maximum azimuthal velocity are scaled by the Kolmogorov length and the Kolmogorov velocity. The CFSE clusters are inside the large-scale structure, which contributes to the streamwise velocity deficit. The scale of those clusters tends to be enlarged with the increase of a distance from the wall. The CFSE clusters are composed of the relatively strong CFSEs, which play an important role in the production of the Reynolds shear stress and the dissipation rate of the turbulent kinetic energy. The most expected maximum azimuthal velocity of the CFSEs in these low-momentum regions of the outer layer is 30 ${\sim}$70% faster compared with those of the CFSEs in unconditioned regions (i.e. all regions of the outer layer), while the most expected diameter of the CFSEs is not changed greatly.

The use of computers in architectural professions has grown with the power of easy data management, increased sophistication of standalone applications, inexpensive hardware, improved speed of processing, use of standard library and tools for communication and collaboration. Recently, there has been a growing interest in distributed CAAD (Computer-Aided Architectural Design) integration due to the needs of direct collaboration among project participants in different locations, and Internet is becoming the optimal tool for collaboration among participants in architectural design and construction projects. The aim of this research is to provide a new paradigm for a CAAD system by combining research on integrated CAAD applications with recent collaboration technologies. To accomplish this research objective, interactive three-dimensional (3D) design tools and applications running on the Web have been developed for an Internet-based distributed CAAD application system, specifically designed to meet the requirements of the architectural design process. To this end, two different scopes of implementation are evaluated: first, global architecture and the functionality of a distributed CAAD system; and, second, the association of an architectural application to the system.

The classroom learning process is multi-dimensional and comprehensive, and formative evaluation is the key way to measure its effectiveness. When conducting the evaluation, teachers need to comprehensively examine the diverse performance of students and carefully establish evaluation criteria to ensure an objective and fair assessment of the learning behavior. This not only aids in testing the teaching effect but also provides robust support for the continuous improvement of classroom instruction. This study applies the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to thoroughly analyze each aspect of the Business English Listening and Speaking Course, establish the logical relationship between formative elements, and subsequently construct an evaluation matrix. Simultaneously, the paper employs fuzzy theory to quantify the evaluation process, making it more precise and operational, and thereby produces a model for the formative evaluation system. Through comprehensive analysis and interpretation of the evaluation results, a more scientific and equitable evaluation of students' learning processes is achieved.

There are the national science and technology standard classification system used in Korea, the classification according to the standard classification system for educational organization units, and the Korean standard education classification by the National Statistical Office. It is not suitable for calculation or evaluation, and classification is still mixed depending on the purpose of use. Therefore, in this study, the current status of academic standard classification, issues related to the standard classification system such as research foundation associations and research institutes, and issues related to the academic standard classification through the analysis of existing prior research issues, etc. As a result of the research, first, it is necessary to maintain and strengthen the linkage of the academic classification system, such as maintaining the linkage between the relevant departmental classification systems and strengthening the linkage with the relevant classification system, as a result of analysis of major issues in the academic standard classification system, and the systematic improvement cycle of the revision process and management system and settings are required.

Concerns about food safety continue to rise and under this situation, governments of some countries have reinforced their regulations more strictly for food safety. In order to prevent food safety incidents or, at least to minimize the impact, the preparedness is very important. As a consequence of this, traceability system has become an essential tool for food safety. Recently, it requires more prevention-based food safety control system. One of the most generally used systems for food safety control is Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP). Both traceability and HACCP systems can be integrated through Electronic Product Code (EPC) Sensor Network technologies which have four value propositions. In this paper, we will introduce the concept of product and process traceability system (P2TS) through the integration of three systems to improve food safety management. The final aim is to find out the added values of the P2TS.

본 연구는 사면회의에서 진행자가 미치는 영향이 매우 중요하다는 인식에서 시작하였으며, 향후 진행자 교육방법과 진행과정의 개선을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구대상 지역인 인도네시아 메라피 화산은 세계에서 가장 활동적인 화산 중 하나로서 정상 분출구에서 종종 화산 쇄석암이 분출되며, 양질의 모래로서 평가 받아 건축자재로 활용되고 있다. 따라서 모래 채취사업이 급속도로 확산되었으며 지역에 경제적 이득을 제공한다. 그러나 한편으로 경제적 수익과 지역의 이해관계가 복잡하게 연루된 탓으로 채취 작업 활동에 대한 적절한 통제가 어려운 형편이다. 과도한 채취 작업으로 인하여 사방댐과 하천 기반시설들이 파괴됨으로서 자연재해가 일어날 경우 막대한 인명과 재산피해가 발생한다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 가능한 비구조적인 방재수단을 정착시키고, 또한 모래 채취관리 능력을 향상시키기 위한 방안으로 협동적인 역할이 필수적이고, 사면회의는 적용될 수 있는 대안이라고 할 수 있으며 워크숍에 유능한 회의진행자가 반드시 필요하다. 사례 연구에서는 7명의 사면회의 진행자를 선발하여 교육 후 3개 시범마을에서 사면회의를 실시한 뒤 그 결과를 분석하였다. 결론적으로 효과적인 방재 활동수단의 하나로서 지역주민들의 협력적인 팀워크와 통제를 적절하게 이끌어 내는 것이 중요하다고 할 수 있다.

Mt. Merapi of Indonesia is one of the most active volcanoes in the world. Lava dome collapse has often generated pyroclastic flows. A huge mount of pyroclastic material has sand of good quality and is popular as construction material. The sand mining has extended rapidly and become an important income source of rural areas. However, the sand mining activity is uncontrollable so far because of social problems such as complex right and interest. Improper sand mining causes serious damage to sabo facilities and the other river infrastructures. In order to cope with this problem, sand mining management system, which can be a part of non-structural disaster control measure, should be established as soon as possible. In order to improve the capacity for sand mining management at the local community level, collaborative action is necessary. The Yonmenkaigi system is one alternative that may be utilized. The Yomenkaigi System Method workshop needs facilitators to lead the process of workshop. Seven facilitator candidates had been selected to participate in the training program. After training, the Yonmenkaigi workshop conducted in three villages. The evaluation of facilitators were relatively affirmative effect to the participants, but facilitators need to lead control and collaborative team-work with participants.

Analyzing and defining specific business process in applications such as CRM is complicated and changeable on demand as it has to support the enterprises to meet the business goals and requirements. Also, business process needs to be flexible enough to adapt the dynamic business strategies. MDA provides a standard way of defining business process meta-modeling and unifies the diverse business process containing well defined business rules. In this paper, we have designed the business process meta-model, which focuses on sales, marketing and service areas. The cross-functional relationship between the components within and across the CRM system shows the integrated business process. Thus, this paper provides a meta-modeling paradigm of business processes of the CRM system, and it is able to apply business rules of the domain to have more flexibility of the functional components and increase the system as well as the business value.

우리나라의 국민기초생활보장법은 2015년 7월에 개정되었다. 국민기초생활보장법 (NBLSA)의 개정 이후 에너지 빈곤에 대한 서비스 제공 시스템의 미흡함이 관찰되었 다. 본 연구는 영국의 에너지 복지 전달 시스템을 분석하고 한국의 에너지 복지 전달 시스템 적용을 목표로 한다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 영국의 에너지 복지 정책은 다음과 같은 내용이 목격되었 다. 첫째, 에너지 빈곤의 개념이 명확하게 정의되어있다. 둘째, 사회는 적절한 온도가 인간의 건강에 영향을 미친다는 것에 동의한다. 이에 건강 유지를 위한 에너지 지원정 책의 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 셋째, 에너지복지 정책에는 다양한 이해관계자가 참여 하고 있다. 이해 당사자는 정부, 에너지 공급 기업, 기후 안전과 관련된 시민단체, 에너 지 소비자이다. 이에 저소득층 에너지복지와 에너지를 지원하기 위한 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 영국의 에너지복지 정책과 에너지복지의 역사적 맥락은 한국의 에너지복지에 다음 과 같은 시사점을 가지고 있다. 첫째, 한국의 상황에 맞는 에너지 빈곤층의 정의가 마 련되어야 한다. 둘째, 한국의 에너지 빈곤의 규모, 특성, 원인에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 셋째, 입법을 통해 에너지 빈곤층을 위한 구체적이고 정교한 지원체계를 마련할 필요 가 있다.

The National Basic Livelihood Security Act(NBLSA)in South Korea was reformed in July, 2015. After reforming National Basic Livelihood Security Act(NBLSA), the inadequacy of the service delivery system for the energy poverty was observed. This study analyzes the UK’s energy welfare delivery system and aims to apply Korea's energy welfare delivery system. The analysis results are as follows. the UK's energy welfare policy are as follows. First, the concept of the energy poverty are clearly defined. Second, society agrees that appropriate temperatures affect health in humans. As a result, the importance of energy support policies is emphasized to maintain health. Third, various stakeholders are involved in energy welfare policies. Interested parties are the government, energy supply companies, civic groups related to climate safety, and energy consumers. As a result, various studies are being conducted to support energy welfare and energy for low-income families. The UK's energy welfare policy and historical path to energy welfare have the following implications for energy welfare in Korea. First, a definition of the energy poor according to the situation in Korea should be prepared. Second, it is necessary to study the size, characteristics, and causes of energy poverty in Korea. Third, it is necessary to prepare a specific and sophisticated support system for the energy poor through legislation.