Earticle

Edible mushrooms are recognized as a rich source of diverse metabolites, including polysaccharides, amino acid derivatives, terpenoids, polyphenols, sterols, and flavonoids. These compounds have been extensively reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anticancer, and metabolic regulatory activities, thereby underscoring their scientific and industrial significance in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. However, conventional extraction methods, which are simple and cost-effective, have limitations in large-scale processes, including long processing times, excessive use of solvents, low yields, and degradation of heat-sensitive compounds, which limit scalability. Therefore, eco-friendly extraction methodologies have emerged as sustainable alternatives. Advanced extraction strategies using food-grade solvents, such as deep eutectic solvents, in conjunction with ultrasound or microwave assistance, enable selective recovery of metabolites under mild conditions, enhancing yield and minimizing the environmental impact. In this review recent progress in advanced extraction methodologies, with respect to efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability, are critically assessed. The industrial implications, including case studies of advanced extraction methodologies applied to secondary metabolites, and the potential of edible mushrooms as renewable bioresources or the development of nextgeneration functional foods and natural therapeutics, are also discussed.

In January 2013, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) announced the CAESAR (Competition for Authenticated Encryption: Security, Applicability, and Robustness) contest to identify authenticated ciphers that are suitable for a wide range of applications. A total of 57 submissions made it into the first round of the competition out of which 6 were announced as winners in March 2019. In the process of the competition, NIST realized that most of the authenticated ciphers submitted were not suitable for resource-constrained devices used as end nodes in the Internet-of-Things (IoT) platform. For that matter, the NIST Lightweight Cryptography Standardization Process was set up to identify authenticated encryption and hashing algorithms for IoT devices. The call for submissions was initiated in 2018 and in April 2019, 56 submissions made it into the first round of the competition. In August 2019, 32 out of the 56 submissions were selected for the second round which is due to end in the year 2021. This work surveys the 32 authenticated encryption schemes that made it into the second round of the NIST lightweight cryptography standardization process. The paper presents an easy-to-understand comparative overview of the recommended parameters, primitives, mode of operation, features, security parameter, and hardware/software performance of the 32 candidate algorithms. The paper goes further by discussing the challenges of the Lightweight Cryptography Standardization Process and provides some suitable recommendations.

Rabri is a concentrated whole milk product from India that has been heat desiccated and sweetened. Herbs are reported to possess therapeutic properties. The addition of these herbs in the food enhances the functionality of the food. Herbal apple rabri was prepared by adding two herbs (brahmi and shatavari). The herbal apple rabri was optimized based on its organoleptic attributes. The sensory evaluation revealed that adding brahmi up to 2.5% and shatavari up to 1.5% is acceptable. The optimized rabri was further analyzed for its texture profile. The shelf life was evaluated based on the physicochemical, antioxidant, phenolics, and microbial content like total plate count and yeast and molds count. The DPPH inhibition activity shows that the optimized rabri has antioxidant potential (58.41 ± 0.03%) compared to control rabri (34.30 ± 0.04%) due to adding herbs. The microbial spoilage in the optimized sample was less as compared to the control sample.

To achieve designed quality and reliability from R&D to force integration, an establishment of precise and distinct specifications and standards are required. However, the recent process of R&D standardization on defense acquisition system, has brought plenty of corrections on specifications and standards that may cause not only difficulties to production line and retardation to the military forces, but also a degradation of provided weapon systems. Therefore, a technical review should be performed by the developer, the producer, and the client, establishing the standard that include mass production requirements as well as clients' requirements. This paper propose a specified solution on process of R&D standardization, by applying a substantial FCA(Functional Configuration Audit) and PCA(Physical Configuration Audit) which implies participation of related agencies. By the improved PCA, 2,023 corrections on 74 types of QAR(Quality Assurance Requirement)s and 12,715 corrections on drawings are identified.

In the present study the newly developed CAD/CAM system is applied to the process of the molding design, machining for mini-sized and precise processive die, and the production of press-stamped parts. When the design of a die was completed by means of CAD, wire cut NC data were generated with the aid of a design drawing in the CAD system and then inputed into the wire cut machine, and with the aid of a hole chart which had been made for this purpose, all the data were classified into the categories of CNC milling, jig boring, jig grinding, and machine center, and then developing a program of generating NC data, errors in process were reduced and programming time was shortened. The program was developed by using Autolisp language which was built-in the CAD, and realizing the intergation of designing a die, generating and processing NC data directly by a designer, designing time and machinery processing time were shorted. And the traditionally required working time for design. NC program required 6 days of work becomes 4 days of work by using the developed CAD/CAM system so that the efficiency shows 150% of the reduction working time. The prpgram of the design of the automation a progressive die mold was developed in the PC-Class Autocad system, therefore development expense could be reduced, and the integration of the CAD/CAM of the progressive die mold with the standard DB being built could be realized.

The recent crisis of environmental pollution and resource depletion has become a major global issue, resulting in an increasing interest in remanufacturing in many countries. However, manufacturing for environmental protection is considered an additional cost factor by most companies. Therefore, governments worldwide have actively implemented remanufacturing policies to encourage the participation of numerous companies in the remanufacturing industry. As an eco-friendly technology, remanufacturing has impacted the environmental improvement and resource savings by reducing raw materials and production processes. In particular, the effect of machine tool and automobile part remanufacturing is very remarkable, since most parts are reusable. In this study, the standardization technology for remanufacturing process of machine tools is developed by remanufacturing of used vertical machining center. Based on the work operation sheet for establishing the process, the remanufacturing process chart and program were developed. The performance evaluation of machining centers before and after remanufacturing was also executed, to check the performance improvement of the remanufactured product. The performance evaluation criteria were established to improve reliability.

공공부문 경영컨설팅은 해외 주요국가에서 일반적인 상황이나, 국내에서는 정부 부처 등의 수요가 형성되면서 이제 시작 단계로 접어들고 있다. 다만 국내에는 공공부문에 대한 전문적인 컨설팅 회사가 드물고 이를 위한 연구가 진행된 사례가 없다. 따라서 Mathias Weske의 비즈니스 프로세스 관리모델을 기준으로 대표적 글로벌 경영컨설팅 3개사의 공공부문 경영컨설팅 프로세스를 도표 표준방식으로 비즈니스 프로세스 표준화하여, 국내 공공부문 경영컨설팅을 수행하고자 하는 관계자가 활용할 수 있는 이론적 배경을 마련하고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 프로세스에 상당한 일관성이 나타나 표준화가 가능했으나 공공부문 맥락을 반영하는 전략 수립 프로세스는 구체적으로 제시되지 않아 이의 보완이 요구되었다. 또한 공공부문 경영컨설팅 비즈니스 프로세스 표준화는 기존의 민간부문 프로세스와 유사하게 나타남으로서 결과적으로 민간부문과 공공부문 경영컨설팅의 차이는 공공의 맥락에 따르는 전략 설계에 의해 구분됨을 최종적으로 확인하였다.

In the major countries, management consulting service for government is a generalized. management consulting firms consulted a variety of participating in the range to the concrete government projects; build national future strategy, construction of information technology systems, improvement on the distribution network for the disease of therapeutic vaccine. As a result, the management consulting service on public sector(i.e. public management consulting) are formed in a special consulting market. For example, public management consulting has been subdivided into federal, state and local government in United States, so major consulting firms was established a formal specialized department and doing work in ordinary. However, public management consulting in Korea was at an early stage because government agencies formed domestic need recently. In Korea, specialized consulting firm was a rare and specialized studied for public management consulting wasn't reported. Important difference exist between public and private organizations and it can not be overlooked so the problem has occurred in public management consulting because management consulting methodology was optimized manner to private sector organizations. For this reason, I compared analyzed in the process units on BCG, McKinsy and Accenture's management consulting methodology for public sector according to Mathias Weske's model based on graphics standard, through this provided a theoretical background. The results of the study, appearance of a significant consistency in process was possible PBS. However strategies process to reflect of public sector context has not been specifically presented, so supplement was required. In addition, BPS result of public management consulting was similar to the existing private sector's process. As a result, the difference of management consulting process between private and public sector, was confirmed separated by strategy designed in accordance with the public context eventually.

양자 컴퓨팅의 급속한 발전으로 현재의 공개키 암호화 방식이 취약해지자, 미국의 국립표준기술연구소(NIST)는 양자 컴퓨터 공격에 대응할 수 있는 새로운 암호화 표준을 개발하기 위한 Post-Quantum Cryptography(PQC) 프로젝트를 시작 했다. 이 프로젝트는 전 세계 연구자들이 제안한 다양한 암호 알고리즘들을 검토하고 평가하는 과정을 포함한다. 초기에 선택된 양자 저항성 암호화 알고리즘은 격자와 해시 함수를 기반으로 개발됐다. 현재는 BIKE, Classic McEliece, HQC 등 다양한 기술적 접근 방식을 제공하는 알고리즘들이 네 번째 라운드에 검토 중이다. CRYSTALS-KYBER, CRYSTA LS-Dilithium, FALCON, SPHINCS+는 세 번째 라운드에서 표준화 대상으로 선정됐다. 2024년에는 네 번째 라운드에서 선정된 알고리즘들과 현재 평가 중인 알고리즘들에 대한 최종 결정이 내려질 예정이다. 양자 컴퓨팅 시대를 대비해 공 개 키 암호 시스템의 보안을 강화하는 중요한 단계로, 미래의 디지털 통신 시스템을 위협으로부터 보호하는 데 큰 영향 을 미칠 것으로 예상된다. 본 논문에서는 양자 내성 암호 알고리즘의 보안성과 효율성을 분석하여 그 동향을 제시한다.

As the rapid development of quantum computing compromises current public key encryption methods, the Nation al Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in the United States has initiated the Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) project to develop new encryption standards that can withstand quantum computer attacks. This project invol ves reviewing and evaluating various cryptographic algorithms proposed by researchers worldwide. The initially sele cted quantum-resistant cryptographic algorithms were developed based on lattices and hash functions. Currently, alg orithms offering diverse technical approaches, such as BIKE, Classic McEliece, and HQC, are under review in the fo urth round. CRYSTALS-KYBER, CRYSTALS-Dilithium, FALCON, and SPHINCS+ were selected for standardizatio n in the third round. In 2024, a final decision will be made regarding the algorithms selected in the fourth round an d those currently under evaluation. Strengthening the security of public key cryptosystems in preparation for the qu antum computing era is a crucial step expected to have a significant impact on protecting future digital communicati on systems from threats. This paper analyzes the security and efficiency of quantum-resistant cryptographic algorit hms, presenting trends in this field.

In these days, many services including professional services are being transacted in electronic commerce, and the scope of electronic commerce application in service sector is being expanded through entrepreneurs’ attempts to develop new service areas. In this study, the impacts of service process standardization, extent of process substitution by online, service quality, and price level on customer purchase intention in service electronic commerce are explored. From the research results, the construct of service process standardization directly affected service quality, and in turn, customer purchase intention in service electronic commerce. In addition, appropriative price level also significantly affected customer purchase intention. The results of this study could give meaningful implications to entrepreneurs who have intentions to develop new application areas in service electronic commerce.

This paper considers a six sigma project for increasing the productivity of the resistance standardization of winding process in manufacturing firms. The project follows a disciplined process of five macro phases : define, measure, analyze, improve and control(DMAIC). The need of customers is used to identify the critical to quality(CTQ) of project. And a process map is used to identify process input factors of CTQ. Two key process input factors are selected by using an input factor evaluation of teams; a tension and a revolution per minute(RPM). DOE is utilized for finding the optimal process conditions of the two key process input factors. The six sigma level of defects rate becomes a 5.80 from a 3.98 at the beginning of the project.

본 연구는 중소기업의 정보화를 추진함에 있어, 정보화 중에서도 중단기적인 도입 성과를 낼 수 있는 생산정보관리시스템 구축을 위하여, 화학제조업 분야의 핵심 업무 프로세스에 대하여 표준화를 연구하고 그에 따른 생산정보관리시스템을 구축 적용하는데 제공하고자 한다. 화학제조업 생산정보관리시스템 표준화를 위한 개발방법론은 중소기업기술정보진흥원에서 기 연구 개발된 생산정보관리시스템 개발 방법론(PSDM)을 적용하며, 표준화 대상은 시스템 구성도, 업무절차 흐름도, Menu Structure 등과 같이 시스템구축 시 골격이 되는 핵심 업무 프로세스이다. 본 연구로 생산정보관리시스템을 구축하고자 하는 화학제조업 중소기업 및 관련 전문 IT업체들이 표준화된 핵심 업무 프로세스를 적용하여 시스템을 보다 효과적으로 구축 할 수 있으며, 시스템에 대한 구축 용이성과 신뢰성을 제공하며 아울러 핵심 업무 프로세스의 활용이 극대화되기 위해서 사후관리 교육훈련 및 유지보수 방안도 제시하고 있다. 본 연구 결과를 적용함으로써 생산 공정의 불합리한 요소제거, 생산제품 품질 향상, 생산비용절감이 가능하다.

The purpose of this study is to study the standardization of the core business process in the chemical manufacturing industry and to establish a production information management system for the purpose of establishing the production information management system that can achieve mid -To be applied. The development methodology for the standardization of the chemical manufacturing information system is applied to the production information management system development methodology (PSDM) that was developed and developed by the Agency for Technology and Information Promotion of Small and Medium Enterprises. The standardization target is the system structure, It is a core business process that becomes a skeleton during construction. In this study, the chemical manufacturing SMEs and related professional IT companies who want to build the production information management system can apply the standardized core business process more effectively to build the system more effectively, and provide ease of installation and reliability to the system, In order to maximize the utilization of processes, follow-up education training and maintenance measures are suggested. Applying the results of this study, it is possible to eliminate the unreasonable elements of the production process, improve the quality of production product, and reduce production cost.

The conventional meju samples were collected from various districts and the improved kokja were prepared in laboratory. The changes of components in the process of the conventional soysauce and the improved soysauce preparation was studied. The experimental results are as follows; 1. The conventional soysauce is less than the improved soysauce in the extent of utility of total nitrogen. 2. The former is less than the latter in amino-type nitrogen content.

최근 ISO 15489 개정판에서는 기록의 평가에 관한 표준화를 시도하였다. 어떠한 기록이 중요하며 어떠한 방식으로 선별할지 는 국가 및 지역, 조직마다 서로 상이하기 때문에 그동안 표준화된 원칙 및 방법론 적용이 어려웠고, 이러한 이유로 인해 평가를 둘러싸고 수많은 이론 및 방법론이 제기되어 왔다. 하지만 ISO 15489 개정판에서는 평가에 대한 새로운 시각을 기반으로 최근의 기록생산 환경에서 전 세계적으로 적용 가능한 평가의 표준화 기반을 마련하였다. ISO 15489는 레코드 컨티뉴엄 이론을 기초로 전자기록 환경에 부합하는 기록관리의 원칙 및 방법론을 제시한다는 점에서, ISO 15489 개정판에서 제시하는 평가 원리 및 방식은 심층적으로 분석될 필요가 있다. 이에 본고에서는 최근의 전자기록 환경에 부합하는 평가 상의 개선방향 모색을 위한 일환으로, ISO 15489 개정판에서 제시하는 평가의 개념 및 논리를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 우선 ISO 15489 개정판의 평가 논리가 도출된 배경 파악을 위해, AS 4390의 제정부터 ISO 15489 개정작업이 이루어지게 된 연원을 고찰하였다. 이를 기반으로 ISO 15489 개정판에서 제시하는 평가 개념 및 논리를 고찰한 후, 중요기록 선별의 전제가 되는 평가의 준거 및 절차를 분석하였다.

In recent years, ISO 15489-1:2016 has attempted to standardize the appraisal of records. It is difficult to apply standardized principles and methodologies to the appraisal of records because it is different for each country, region, and organization to distinguish what kind of records are important and how to select them. For this reason, numerous theories and methodologies have been proposed around the appraisal of records. ISO 15489-1:2016, on the other hand, has laid the groundwork for the standardization of the appraisal of records that are applicable globally in recent record management environments based on a new perspective on the appraisal of records. ISO 15489 presents the principles and methodology of records management that are consistent with the electronic record environment based on the record continuum theory, and the principles and methods on the appraisal of records presented in ISO 15489-1:2016 need to be analyzed in depth. This paper analyzes the concept and the logic of the appraisal of records presented in ISO 15489-1:2016 to find an improvement direction in accordance with the recent electronic record environment. For this purpose, it reviewed courses from the enactment of AS 4390 to the revision of ISO 15489 to understand the background of the appraisal principles of ISO 15489-1:2016. Based on this, the appraisal concepts and principles presented in ISO 15489-1:2016 were examined, and the process of the appraisal was analyzed.

Recently, the increased handling of on-line standards information has emerged as an important feature of information and communications technology (ICT) standardization. In order to meet market needs for on-time standards deployment, most standards organizations are actively seeking more efficient ways of standardization using electronic means in order to accelerate the standards making process. This paper suggests a virtual standard development environment designed for standards developers to carry out their standards-related activities on-line. In this paper, we outline a conceptual model of a concurrent standardization process and describe the design and implementation of an Extranet-based network system called standards information cooperative network (SICN). The system was created with a view to fostering faster standards development with functionalities such as a virtual management of networked standards developers, collaboration support tools, a workflow-based electronic signature system, and dynamic links for ready retrieval of standards information stored in a database. We conclude this paper with an introduction to the concept of a virtual standards development organization (VSDO) that supports all the features needed by the relevant standards making bodies to carry out their activities in a dynamic on-line environment.

이 논문에서는 MATEC99에서의 형태소 분석기 및 품사 태거의 평가를 위한 Test Suites, 즉, 평가용 시험문제와 문제에 대한 정답을 정하기 위하여 마련한 여러가지 표준안의 도출과정상에서 발견된 문제점의 유형을 기술하고자 한다. 그리고, 각각의 문제점 유형별로 현실적 제약으로 인한 어려움을 살펴보고, 한편으로는 일부 문제에 대해서는 시간적 제약 때문에 현재의 표준안에는 반영되지 않았지만 향후 점진적인 개선을 위한 방안을 제안하고자 한다. 대부분의 문제에 완전한 해결책이 발견되지 않고 있어 관련 전문가들의 조언을 이끌어 내기 위하여 문제를 공론화하고자함에도 목적이 있다.

The paper is examining the development of the Montenegrin literary language idiom and the process of standardization of language until final phase in the period of transition between 19th to 20th centuries. Author is defining the differences between concentrating on the grammatical system, which remained the same with some more expressed differences in the lexical system, in the orthoepy, in the system of accentuation and in some of syntactic features.

In this paper, a standardized phonological rule should be embodied for all people who want to use Hangul beyond nationality. This researcher suggested a phonological process protocol in unicode for the purpose of developing a computer system-based program as one of methods to pronounce Hangul correctly. First of all, to solve a problem of standardizing Hangul pronunciation, it is necessary to develop a phonological process system. In other words, when a mobile phone or a keyboard is used, inputted strings should be changed exactly by an automatic device made according to the phonological rule. For this, a phonological process table is the most important and unicode which digitalizes Hangul is the most effective. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to complete a phonological process table, suggest an algorithm by the table, and develop a computer program pursuing correct Hangul pronunciation. For the methodology of this study, the features of unicode was used to solve a problem of coding each syllable by phonemes after strings were inputted from the phonological process program. This study suggested a protocol that sounds of inputted strings were automatically changed via recombination using a phonological process table. The ultimate purpose of the study was to help pronounce Hangul correctly according to the pronunciation rule.

we proposeand promote global standards of the e-Trade process on the basis of ebXML & web services. For the ebXML Framework-based e-Trade to be facilitated, it is urgent for each country to implement and use national ebXML registry Registry & Repository and Web Service such as standardize electronic documents, electronic catalog and electronic payment. In UNCEFACT, ebXML-based UN Central Registry & Repository and Web Service is in the process of development Japan, Taiwan and Canada are also implementing national ebXML-based central registries& Repositories and Web Service. Just as the Internet is globally interconnected for intercommunication, the global e-Trade is enabled by the federation of ebXML-based registries & Repositories and Web Service at the country-level as well as at the sectoral level.

This study reexamines the origins and development of Hebrew inscriptions within the broader Northwest Semitic continuum. By analyzing three chronological horizons?formative (Proto-Sinaitic, Mount Ebal, Tel Lachish), transitional (Izbet ?ar?ah abecedary, Khirbet Qeiyafa ostracon, Gezer Calendar), and standardized (Iron Age II inscriptions such as Lachish Letters, Arad, Samaria, and Siloam)?the research demonstrates that Hebrew script did not emerge abruptly but rather followed a layered and cumulative trajectory. The formative stage reflects experimental alphabetic adaptations in Canaanite contexts; the transitional stage reveals both archaic spellings and emergent Hebrew-related features; and the standardized stage shows the consolidation of Hebrew orthography across administrative, military, and religious domains. This diachronic framework highlights the gradual crystallization of Hebrew writing traditions and situates them within the cultural and linguistic matrix of the southern Levant.