Earticle

최근 패션 이미지는 디지털 콘텐츠로 전환되어 동영상 기반의 소셜 미디어를 통해 움직이는 영상 이미지로 소비자에게 보급되고 있으며, 몸의 움직임과 의상이 관찰자에게 미치는 시각적 효과에 관한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구는 시각적 관찰을 통한 지각과 관련된 몸, 움직임, 의복의 관계에 관한 연구로 몸과 의복의 움직임을 Moving CBC라 하고 움직임이 극대화된 댄스 의복을 중심으로 Moving CBC 형태 지각의 특수성을 고찰하였다. 이를 위해 먼저, 선행연구를 통해 신체, 움직임, 의복 관찰 체계를 알아보고, 이를 적용한 심층 인터뷰를 포함한 실험 연구로 수행하여 Moving CBC 지각의 특성이 논의하였다. 본 연구에서 도출된 Moving CBC의 지각 특성은 신체와 의복의 정지 이미지와 움직이는 이미지 간의 지각 차이와 신체와 의복의 움직이는 모양의 원리를 설명한 다. Moving CBC의 형태를 지각할 때, 실제 사물의 구조적 형태보다 움직임에 의해 발생하는 변화에 대한 주관적 인상이 형태 지각에 더 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 그리고 Moving CBC의 지각은 정지 이미지와 달리 시간성을 가진 다차원에서 지각되어, 관찰자는 자신이 처한 조건이 변화함을 인지하고 다차원적으로 바뀌는 형태 구조를 능동 적으로 명확히 파악하였다. 본 연구는 미디어 환경의 변화에 따른 시대적 상황을 반영하여 움직이는 의복의 조형적 측면을 구축하기 위한 기초 연구라는 점에서 의의가 있으며, Moving CBC의 형태 지각의 특성은 Moving CBC를 분석하고 해석하는 데 적용될 수 있다. 또한, 본 연구에서 제시된 형태 지각의 특성이 3차원적이고 역동적인 디자인 사고와 표현 방법을 사용하여 새로운 디자인을 만드는 데 활용되기를 기대한다.

This article is a study on the relationships between the body, movement, and clothing in relation to perception through visual observation. In the first part, the observation system for body, movement, and clothing was introduced; this paper applies that system in practice to investigate how these elements are perceived. This study defines the movement of the body and clothing as Moving CBC. It investigates the perception of Moving CBC forms, focusing on dance clothing where movement is maximized. An experimental study involving in-depth interviews was conducted. The perceptual system and the characteristics of Moving CBC perception were discussed. The perceptual characteristics of Moving CBC derived from this study explain the difference in perception between static and moving images of the body and clothing, and also clarify the principles governing moving shapes of the body and clothing. In perceiving the form of Moving CBC, subjective impressions of changes created by the movement of the actual object had a greater impact on form perception than its structural form, Additionally, the perception of Moving CBC, unlike that of static images, was experienced in multidimensional spaces with temporality. Observers actively recognized the changes in their own conditions and clearly identified the multidimensional, transforming structural forms. This study serves as foundational research for constructing the formative aspects of moving clothing, reflecting the temporal trends resulting from changes in the media environment. The characteristics of form perception in Moving CBC can be applied to analyze and interpret Moving CBC.

The purpose of this study was to investigate crucial factors on HACCP system implementation in domestic livestockproduct plants, and to offer job satisfaction and the career prospect of HACCP system operators. The survey wascarried out by selecting 150 HACCP system operators who implemented HACCP system. The respondents claimedthat the most important contents in HACCP system operation were to assemble HACCP team (21.8%), and thesecond was to monitoring (20.0%). Documentation and recording (16.9%) and verification (11.1%) were followed. The respondents answered the major factor in sanitation management was cleaning/washing/disinfection (18.9%)and inspection (18.4%). The results showed that there were significant differences in the prospect of occupationin HACCP system operator by the gender (p < 0.015), age, livestock product facilities, service period, and position(p < 0.001). The respondents from HACCP system operator were satisfied with their job (73%) and also showedoptimistic prospect of occupation (82%).

Environment perception and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction tasks are used to provide unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) with driving awareness interfaces. The speed of obstacle segmentation and surrounding terrain reconstruction crucially influences decision making in UGVs. To increase the processing speed of environment information analysis, we develop a CPU-GPU hybrid system of automatic environment perception and 3D terrain reconstruction based on the integration of multiple sensors. The system consists of three functional modules, namely, multi-sensor data collection and pre-processing, environment perception, and 3D reconstruction. To integrate individual datasets collected from different sensors, the pre-processing function registers the sensed LiDAR (light detection and ranging) point clouds, video sequences, and motion information into a global terrain model after filtering redundant and noise data according to the redundancy removal principle. In the environment perception module, the registered discrete points are clustered into ground surface and individual objects by using a ground segmentation method and a connected component labeling algorithm. The estimated ground surface and non-ground objects indicate the terrain to be traversed and obstacles in the environment, thus creating driving awareness. The 3D reconstruction module calibrates the projection matrix between the mounted LiDAR and cameras to map the local point clouds onto the captured video images. Texture meshes and color particle models are used to reconstruct the ground surface and objects of the 3D terrain model, respectively. To accelerate the proposed system, we apply the GPU parallel computation method to implement the applied computer graphics and image processing algorithms in parallel.

The purpose of this research is to evaluate teachers' perception of Korean's achievement standard-based testing system (ASTS) and its process of implementation, and to propose a method of evaluating students' academic aptitude based on university entrance examinations. The core of the 2015 Revised National Curriculum is asserted by changes in classroom instruction, specifically encouraging students' participation in class based on a new method to evaluate student achievement. A total of 124 teachers in charge of student career counseling in middle and high schools in the Jeonbuk province participated in the study. The schools implementing the new method of ASTS were using 61.6% for unit school cut-off point, as opposed to the existing fixed cut-off point of 38.4%. The teachers understanding of the achievement evaluation method was rated 3.54 on the 5-point Likert scale, implying that they had a relatively good understanding of the method. Some of the challenges associated with reflecting the scores from the new student ASTS include difficulty of comparing scores across schools; grade inflation; advantages and disadvantages associated with the type of high school; and the increased importance of university entrance examination. In the ASTS, the fairness during the evaluation of the high school grades and the consequently the reliability of the evaluation prove worrying. As an ultimate result, selecting students based on university admissions data became untrustworthy. There should be further discussions on how students' achievement obtained from the new ASTS should be applied during the university admission process and how students' academic aptitude can be assessed in order to set a direction for secondary school education.

This study aims to analyze the perception differences between disaster management administrative officials and fire-fighters in disaster management resource operation system. To achieve the research purpose, we surveyed the perception of disaster management resources operation between local government disaster management administrative officials and fire-fighters, and difference analysis was conducted through the SPSS program. As a result of this study, we found that the two groups had similar perceptions in terms of the possibility of disaster damage and the needs for disaster management resources. And there are differences on cooperation factors and the effectiveness of the disaster management resource operation system between two groups, and local government disaster management administrative officials have a relatively positive perception than fire-fighters. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the perception and opinion of various participating departments in disaster management resource operation system, including local government disaster management administrative officials and fire-fighters when making plans in the future.

과거의 프랜차이징은 환대산업에 있어 패스트푸드업와 외식업에서 주로 사용되었다. 최근에는 호텔업에 있어 프랜차이징을 통한 체인의 활발한 확장이 이루어지고 있다. 그러나, 호텔 프랜차이징에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 연구는 그리 많지 않은 실정이다. 본 연구의 목적은 특정 프랜차이징을 어떻게 선택하는 지에 관한 프랜차이지의 인식을 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해, 먼저 프랜차이징의 개념과 역사적인 배경을 이해하고 프랜차이징의 장․단점을 파악하였다. 다국적 호텔 프랜차이지의 인식을 조사하기 위해 개별 집중면접이 사용되었으며 12개의 다국적 호텔이 연구표본으로 선택되었다. 프랜차이징을 하게 되는 하는 주된 이유는 세계적인 인지도, 관련 서비스의 제공, 용이한 시장침투, 브랜드 충성고객, 재무적 혜택 등의 여섯 가지 요인이었다. 명성, 브랜드 이미지, 프랜차이저의 경험, 예약시스템, 광고와 홍보, 마케팅과 전략적 계획, 교육 프로그램 등이 특정 프랜차이징 시스템을 선택하게 되는 주요 요인으로 밝혀졌다.

본 연구는 몽골 울란바토르시 시민을 대상으로 생활안전에 대한 위험 인식을 실증적으로 분석하여 몽골의 생활안전 위기관리체계 개선 방안을 도출하는 데 목적이 있다. 몽골은 1990년 민주주의 시장경제 체제로 전환한 이후 울란바토르시를 중심으로 급격한 도시화와 산업화가 진행되었고, 교통, 주거, 범죄, 환경 등 생활안전 문제가 심화되었다. 본 연구에서는 생활위기(범죄, 화재, 교통사고 등), 생활환경(대기·수질·토 양오염 등), 생활시설(학교·작업장·공공시설 등), 생활기반(전력·정보통신·교통시스템 등) 네 가지 영역에서 위험 인식을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 시민들은 생활안전의 중요성을 전반적으로 높게 인식하고 있으며, 특히 대기오염, 교통사고, 범죄, 화재에 대한 우려가 두드러졌다. 생활환경 요소 중 대기오염이 주거환경 안전 인식에 가장 강한 영향을 미쳤으며, 정보통신과 전력시스템은 상대적으로 영향력이 낮았다. 정책적 개선 방안은 다음과 같다. ① 고효율 에너지 전환 및 대기오염 모니터링 시스템 구축, ② 교통사고 및 범죄 예방 교육과 법·제도 강화, ③ 화재 안전 점검과 교육 확대, ④ 생활안전 전담 조직과 위기관리 법제도의 정비, ⑤ 시민참여 기반 위기 대응 역량 강화 및 커뮤니티 중심의 훈련 체계 구축 등이다.

This study aims to enhance Mongolia’s living safety crisis and emergency management system by empirically analyzing citizens’ risk perceptions in Ulaanbaatar. Since 1990, rapid urbanization has intensified issues in traffic, housing, crime, and the environment. Risk perception is categorized into four areas: living crises (crime, fire, traffic accidents), living environment (air, water, soil pollution), living facilities (schools, workplaces, public facilities), and living infrastructure (power, ICT, transport). Findings show that citizens view living safety as highly important, with particular concern about air pollution, traffic accidents, crime, and fire. Air pollution most strongly influenced perceptions of residential safety, while information and power systems had limited impact. Based on these results, the study proposes: (1) adopting high-efficiency energy and real-time air pollution monitoring, (2) reinforcing traffic and crime prevention education and legal systems, (3) expanding fire safety inspections and training, (4) establishing specialized safety institutions and legal frameworks, and (5) strengthening citizen-centered crisis response and community-based training systems.

본 연구는 한국 PA간호사 제도 합법화에 대한 간호대학생들의 인식을 조사하여 역할과 요구, 법적 지위, 제도적 문제라는 세 가지 주요 주제를 파악하였다. PA간호사는 의료인력 부족 문제를 해결하고 의료서비스 질을 향상시킬 수 있는 대안으로 주목받고 있다. 모호한 정체성으로 인한 역할 갈등을 방지하 려면 역할과 책임에 대한 명확한 정의가 필요하다. 법적 명확성이 부족하여 PA간호사의 성과가 제한되며 법적 보호와 명확한 상태 정의의 필요성이 강조된다. 이 연구는 미국, 영국, 캐나다의 성공적인 PA모델을 한국 상황에 맞게 적용할 것을 제안한다. 권고사항으로는 법규정 제정, 이론과 실무를 결합한 종합교육 프로그램 개발, 인증제도 시행 등이 있다. PA간호사로서의 자격을 공식적으로 인정하기 위해 국가자격 시험을 실시한다. 간호사를 한국 의료 시스템에 효과적으로 통합하려면 정부 차원의 제도적 지원이 중요하다.

This study investigates nursing students' perceptions of the legalization of the PA nurse system in Korea, identifying three main themes: roles and demands, legal status, and institutional issues. PA nurses are highlighted as a solution to the problem of medical staff shortages and a means to improve the quality of medical services. To prevent role conflicts due to ambiguous identity, there is a need for a clear definition of roles and responsibilities. The lack of legal clarity limits the performance of PA nurses and emphasizes the need for legal protection and clear status definition. This study suggests applying successful PA models from the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada to the Korean context. Recommendations include the establishment of legal regulations, the development of comprehensive education programs combining theory and practice, and the implementation of a certification system. Government-level institutional support is crucial for effectively integrating PA nurses into the Korean healthcare system.

Risk perception is the starting point of crisis management. It is a research finding in the academic community that there are differences between objective risk assessments and subjective risk perception. Through an analysis of the objective risk perception of the local safety index and the subjective risk perception of the safety sensitivity, no correlation was found between the two, and the difference in risk perception was verified through statistical analysis. The greater the difference, the more various problems such as dissatisfaction with policy effectiveness, distrust, political risk, and safety indifference can occur. To overcome this, measures have been proposed, such as establishing an information system that provides risk information promptly and accurately, improving the survey methods of the local safety index and safety feeling that stakeholders related to crisis management can empathize with, activating risk communication, and building a risk governance system. In crisis situations, policy authorities need to accurately perceive the risks that the general public feels and take active actions to alleviate them. The general public also needs to make efforts to enhance their awareness and preparedness for risks to contribute to building a safe society.

This study develops an integrated theoretical framework for understanding how information fatigue, risk perception, and behavioral resilience interact under high-frequency disaster warnings in the context of the Korean Public Alert System (KPAS). Drawing on Habituation Theory, the Protective Action Decision Model (PADM), dual-processing theory, and the Social Amplification of Risk Framework (SARF), the manuscript conceptualizes a pathway linking warning characteristics, information fatigue, risk perception, and behavioral resilience. Information fatigue is proposed as a key mechanism through which repeated warning exposure may weaken sustained protective action, while risk perception is expected to moderate this relationship. As a theory-building and research design study, the manuscript presents a dual-pathway model, outlines an SEM framework for future empirical testing, and discusses implications for stratified alerting, action-oriented messages, and targeted communication. The proposed framework also recognizes that alert frequency may, under conditions of high message quality and institutional trust, reinforce preparedness and vigilance, thereby shifting attention from alert quantity alone to alert rhythm and information quality.

Purpose : This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of the clinical ladder system (CLS) by identifying the perception of the CLS, professional self-concept, self-efficacy, and organizational commitment among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses. Methods : Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 173 nurses working in 11 ICUs at a tertiary hospital in Seoul. Results : The perception of the CLS, self-efficacy, and organizational commitment showed significant difference according to the CLS level. As a result of the partial Spearman correlation analysis after adjusting for demographic difference according to CLS (age, marital status, education, and clinical career), CLS positively correlated with the perception of the CLS (r=.16, p=.045), professional self-concept (r=.24, p=.001), and self-efficacy (r=.21, p=.007). On the contrary, organizational commitment negatively correlated with the perception of the CLS (r=-.43, p<.001) and self-efficacy (r=-.32, p<.001). Conclusion : The CLS is effective for professional self-concept and self-efficacy. However, specialists 2 nurses, who had high professional self-concept and self-efficacy, showed low level of organizational commitment. Thus, it is necessary to examine the factors of work burden and career plateau that are imposed after promotion and improve experience and planning according to the growth needs. Moreover, regular evaluation of the CLS will require hospital support to ensure that ICU nurses appreciate and actively participate in the support.

Purpose: This study was done to identify the ways regional public hospital nurses perceive the healthcare accreditation system as related to their patient safety management activities and nursing performance Methods: The participants were 190 nurses chosen with convenient sampling from nurses who worked at regional public hospitals that had obtained healthcare accreditation as of May, 2016 and who had experienced the healthcare accreditation process at least once and whose clinical experience was one year or longer. Collected data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis. Results: There were significant positive correlations between perception of the Healthcare Accreditation System, patient safety management activities and nursing performance. Factors affecting patient safety management activities were activities to improve medical service quality, patient dissatisfaction and difficulties, changes and values. These factors explained 55.4% of variance in patient safety management activities (F=22.25, p<.001). The factors affecting nursing performance were being charge nurses and activities to improve medical service quality. These factors explained 48.1% of the variance in nursing performance (F=16.57, p<.001). Conclusion: Finding indicate that positive perception of the healthcare accreditation system by nurses at local government institutions is a factor in heightening patient safety management activities and nursing performance.

본 연구는 Q방법을 활용하여 현행 우리나라 노인 장기요양인력 양성체계에 관하여 다양한 이해관계집단의 구성원들이 갖는 주관적인 인식을 찾고, 인식 유형별 특성 등 논의과정을 통해 현행 노인 장기요양인력 양성체계와 관련한 사회복지적 함의를 찾고자 하는데 있다. 노인 장기요양인력 양성체계에 관한 인식 연구 결과, 기존 인력의 재교육을 강조하는 유형(유형1: 재교육 강조형), 공공서비스 제공자로서 윤리의식을 강조하는 유형(유형2: 전문직 윤리지향형), 실기 실습 중심의 교육을 강조하는 유형(유형3: 실기 실습 중심 교육지향형), 정부의 정책 판단의 중요성 등 공공부문의 역할을 강조하는 유형(유형4: 정부의 정책 판단 강조형), 그리고 장기요양 수급자의 증가에 따른 인력 수요를 강조하는 유형(유형5: 장기요양 수요 강조형) 등 다섯 가지 유형으로 나타났다. 또한 본 연구에서는 Q연구가 갖는 일반화의 한계를 보완하기 위한 양적 접근방법이자, 도출된 Q유형의 신뢰도와 타당도를 높이기 위한 Q사정도구로서 Q블록을 개발하였고, Q유형과 Q사정도구를 활용한 조사 결과에서는 높은 일치도를 나타내 보였다.

The purpose of this study is to find out subjective perception types and needs of interested group on manpower training system with long-term care service by Q methodology, then to search for political measures to improve long-term care system in the implication of the sorted subjective perception types. The result of the study showed that there are five major sorts of subjectivities on manpower training system with long-term care service: emphasizes retraining of existing care worker(Type1), emphasizes ethics of public service provider(Type2), emphasizes practice-oriented education(Type3), emphasizes policy judgement of government(Type4), emphasizes training of long-term care worker in demand(Type5). And to try quantity approach methods, this study was developed Q-Block as a assessment tool to enhance validity and reliability of Q-types. The results of the survey showed high conformity.

Purpose: This was a correlational study to identify effects of perception of clinical ladder system on job satisfaction and intention to leave in perioperative nurses. Methods: Participants were 154 of perioperative nurses from larger general hospitals in Seoul. Data were collected from April, 16 to 22, 2013 using self-report questionnaires which included items on perception of clinical ladder system, job satisfaction, and intention to leave. Data were analyzed using frequency, t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple stepwise regression. Results: The average mean score for perception of clinical ladder system was midline at 2.69 point out of 4 point. Perception of clinical ladder system correlated positively with job satisfaction (r=.38, p<.01) and negatively with intention to leave (r=-.88, p<.01). Perception of clinical ladder system was the factor which most influenced job satisfaction explaining 17.1% of the variance, also perception of clinical ladder system was the factor which most influenced intention to leave, explaining 12.7% of the variance. Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that there is a need to enhance the perception of the clinical ladder system and to find ways to fulfill the expected effects for improving perioperative nurses' job satisfaction and reducing the intention to leave.

연구목적: 본 연구는 간호사의 임상경력단계에 따른 경력개발제도에 대한 간호사의 인식을 파악하고, 경력개발제도에 대한 인식, 전문직 자아개념과 임파워먼트와의 관계를 파악하여 간호사 경력개발제도의 개선의 근거 마련하고 전문직 자아개념과 임파워먼트의 증대 방안 모색을 통한 인적자원관리에 기여하고자 시도 된 서술적 상관관계 연구이다. 연구방법: 서울시 소재 일 상급종합병원에서 근무하는 중환자실, 수술실, 응급실 간호사 162명을 대상으로 설문지를 이용하여 경력개발제도에 대한 인식, 전문직 자아개념, 임파워먼트를 측정하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 18.0 프로그램을 활용하여 서술적 통계, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, Multiple linear Regression을 시행하였다. 연구결과: 간호사의 임상경력단계에 따른 경력개발제도에 대한 인식은 전임 2 간호사가 신입 간호사, 일반 간호사, 전임 1 간호사보다 높은 인식을 가지고 있었다. 경력개발제도에 대한 인식과 전문직 자아개념, 임파워먼트에는 통계적으로 유의한 양의 상관관계가 있었다. 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과 경력개발제도에 대한 전반적 이해, 경력개발제도에 대한 기대효과, 최종학력, 임상경력단계가 전문직 자아개념의 42% 설명하는 것으로 나타났고, 경력개발제도에 대한 전반적 이해, 전문적 활동 참여에 대한 인식, 경력개발제도에 대한 기대효과, 임상경력단계가 임파워먼트를 42% 설명하였다. 결론: 전문직 자아개념과 임파워먼트에 영향을 미친 변수로 나타난 경력개발제도에 대한 인식을 향상시킬 수 있는 방안을 개발하여 적용을 통한 효과 검증이 요구되며, 간호 관리자들의 제도 운영과 관련된 장애요인의 파악 및 세심한 제도 개선이 필요하다.

본 연구는 포천, 양주, 의정부시 공무원이 인식하는 사회복지서비스전달체계의 구성원칙 중 어떠한 원칙이 업무만족도에 영향을 미치는지를 규명하여 사회복지서비스전달체계의 개선에 정책적 시사점과 발전방향을 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 문헌연구와 실증연구를 병행하였다. 문헌연구에서는 연구의 이론적 근거를 확보하기 위해 국내외에서 발표된 논문과 저서 등을 통하여 기존의 사회복지서비스전달체계의 구성원칙, 업무만족도에 관련된 이론을 고찰하였다. 실증분석에서는 사회복지서비스전달체계의 구성원칙이 공무원의 업무만족에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 검토하여 연구모형을 제시하고 이를 실증적으로 검증하였다. 실증연구에서 분석방법으로는 빈도분석, 평균분석, 신뢰도분석, 요인분석, 일원배치분산분석, 상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 실증분석을 위해서 기존의 선행연구에서 활용된 설문지를 통해 분석하였다. 통제변수로는 성별, 연령, 학력, 현부서경력, 자격증 소지 유무를, 독립변수로는 사회복지서비스전달체계의 구성원칙 중 선행연구에서 활용빈도가 가장 높은 5가지 즉, 책임성, 적절성, 전문성, 접근성, 통합성을 선정하였다. 종속변수로는 공무원이 인지하는 업무만족도를 선정하였다. 분석결과, 대상지역별로 다소 차이를 보였다. 포천시 공무원은 적절성, 접근성, 통합성이, 양주시는 접근성이, 의정부시는 적절성, 전문성이 높을수록 업무만족도가 높았다. 이러한 분석결과를 토대로 포천시, 양주시, 의정부시의 사회복지서비스전달체계와 관련한 정책적 제언을 하였다.

The purpose of this study is to find the alternative for improving of delivery system in social welfare service at Uijungbu, Yangju and Pochen city. This study examined the effect which perceptional differences of delivery system in social welfare service have influence on the job satisfaction among constituent member of organization. Methodology of this study of literature research and questionnaire research were performed at the same time. Analysis of questionnaire research was utilized SPSS WIN 12.0 Korean version program in analyzing data. And Frequency, Means, factor, reliability, correlation and regression of analysis were enforced to verify differences of recognition, effect factor, and correlation among the respondents. The results of analyses are as followings. First, Social welfare officers in Pochen and Uijungbu city gave the highest score to accessibility. But Social welfare officers in Yangju city gave the highest score to reasonableness. Second, the results of multiple regression analyses, the reasonableness, accessibility and integration of delivery system in social welfare service had influence on the job satisfaction in Pochen city. The accessibility of delivery system in social welfare service had influence on the job satisfaction in Yangju city. The reasonableness and professionalism of delivery system in social welfare service had influence on the job satisfaction in Uijungbu city. The results of this study, we suggested to improve the delivery system of social welfare service to sure the reasonableness, accessibility, integration and professionalism.

This paper has tried to research the perception of pilots in a commercial airliners or full service carriers focusing on the airliner's safety management system (SMS). ICAO requires the airliners to set up the basic standards of SMS since the SMS is believed to be the core of the aviation risk management. According to the previous study, it was proved safety climate of an airline affects the safety behavior of cockpit crews. Safety climate is different from safety culture and the safety climate has an advantage to be measured more quantitatively than the culture. That is, the safety climate could be represented as SMS. As the results of the empirical study based on Chen & Chen(2014)'s SMS practice sacle, it had been assumed at the beginning the major factors such as Clarification of SMS, Safety Training for Crews and Sharing of SMS Information have positive effects on the motivation for safety behaviors. The motivation is directly correlated to crews' safety behaviors. However, the result showed the clarification of SMS has not a significant effect on their safety behaviors. The main reason is cockpit crews, through the survey, perceived airline seemed to have no definite standards of SMS and the senior management to have less interest in aviation safety.

본 연구는 도서관자동화시스템에 대한 현황 분석을 기반으로 향후 개선 방향을 모색하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구에서는 KESLI와 KCUE 컨소시엄에 참여하는 기관의 담당 사서를 대상으로 설문을 진행함으로써 도서관자동화시스템의 현황과 만족도, 오픈소스 기반 도서관자동화시스템의 현황과 인식을 조사하였다. 연구 결과, 현재 도서관에서 사용하는 자동화시스템은 대부분 2000년대 혹은 2010년대에 외주도입 방식으로 개발되었으며, 도서관자동화시스템 전반에 대해서 50% 이상의 응답자가 만족 의견을 보였다. 전반적인 만족도는 개별 기능 만족도와 고객지원 서비스 만족도, 시스템의 구축 및 운영관리 만족도의 영향을 받는 것으로 확인되었다. 현재 도서관자동화시스템은 대부분 오픈소스 혹은 클라우드를 활용하지 않고 있었으나 향후 활용 의사가 높게 나타났으며, 특히 3년 이내에 도입하겠다는 답변도 40% 이상을 차지했다. 본 연구는 향후 오픈소스기반 도서관자동화시스템 구축을 위한 중요한 기초 자료가 될 것으로 기대된다.

This study aims to analyze the current status of library automation systems and explore future directions for improvement. The study was conducted by surveying librarians at institutions participating in the KESLI and KCUE consortia to investigate the current status and satisfaction with library automation systems, and the current status and awareness of open source-based library automation systems. The study found that most automation systems currently in use in libraries were developed through outsourcing in the 2000s or 2010s, and that more than 50% of respondents were satisfied with the overall library automation system. Overall satisfaction was found to be influenced by satisfaction with the functionality, customer support services and construction and operational management of the system. Most current library automation systems are not based on open source software or cloud services, but the intention to use them in the future is high, with more than 40% of respondents saying they would use them within three years. This study is expected to serve as an important foundation for building an open source-based library automation system in the future.

본 연구는 코로나19 팬데믹 시대를 맞이하여 국내 대학생들에게 전면적으로 실 시된 온라인 대학교양강좌와 코로나 시기 이후 정상적인 오프라인 대학교양강좌 수강을 모두 경험한 학생들을 대상으로 각각의 수업 진행 과정에서 갖게 된 인식 체계를 현상학적 관점에서의 심층면접법을 통해 분석했다. 정상적인 오프라인 강 좌에 참여하게 된 현시점에서 과거 실시간 온라인 강좌 참여를 통해 내재된 인식 체계를 상호작용론적 관점에서 고찰했다. 분석 결과, 코로나 시기 때문에 구조적으 로 학습자 본인의 의사와 관계없이 국가적으로 진행된 실시간 온라인 강의와 현재 운영되고 있는 오프라인 강의를 통해 갖게 된 수강 학생들의 인식체계는 행위자로 서의 인식체계인 상황적 행위의 상호작용성 범주와 강의구조를 둘러싼 환경과의 상호작용성 범주로 이원화되어서 나타났다. 상황적 행위의 상호작용성 범주는 다시 상황지표성과 상황반영성의 주제군으로 구분할 수 있으며, 환경과의 상호작용 성은 사회심리적 제약성과 정보문화에 내재한 가상성의 주제군으로 구성되었다. 본 연구를 통해 코로나19 팬데믹 시기의 실시간 온라인 대학교양강좌와 그 이후의 오프라인 대학교양강좌 수강 경험에 대한 대학생의 양가적 인식체계는 인문학 및 사회과학적 연구방법론의 한 영역인 상호작용론적 관점에서의 커뮤니케이션 과정 에 근거하여 분석가능했다. 그리고 이 인식체계가 외현되는 현상은 하나의 사회심 리학적 개념이 포함된 의식 주체 및 객체 간 의미의 재구성 과정이라고 할 수 있 다. 추후 코로나 시기가 완전히 종식된 후 대학교양강좌를 새롭게 정립할 때, 이 같은 문화현상의 상호작용론적 의미를 정확하게 파악하여 더욱 체계적인 대학교양 강좌 구조의 다양성을 구현해낼 수 있을 것이다.

This study analyzed phenomenologically the perception system of real time online university liberal arts courses during the COVID-19 pandemic and normal offline ones in the post-COVID-19 era that domestic university students experienced using an in-depth interview. Their perception system which has been inherent from the experience of real time online courses was examined from the perspective of interaction theory at this time when they have normal offline ones. The students who had no choice but to take the real time online courses that were conducted structurally over the nation regardless of their intention due to COVID-19 are taking currently offline ones. Their perception system of online and offline courses is divided into two categories of interactivity: the situational behavior of students as an actor, and the environment surrounding the lecture structure. The interactivity category of situational behavior is again divided into two theme clusters: indexicality and reflexivity while the interactivity category of the environment is into two theme clusters: socio-psychological constraints and virtuality in information culture. The ambivalent perception system of the students' experience of online university liberal arts courses during the COVID-19 pandemic and offline ones after the era was analyzed based on a communication process from the perspective of interaction theory, an area of research methodologies in the humanities and the social sciences. And this phenomenon that the perception system becomes obvious can be said to be a process of reconstructing the meaning between the conscious subject and the object, including a social psychological concept. In the future, it will be possible to accurately get the meaning of interaction theory of such cultural phenomenon and to implement a more systematic diversity of the structure of university liberal arts courses when establishing new ones after the COVID-19 pandemic is completely over.

우리나라의 대학입시제도가 근래 다양화되면서 제도의 공정성 문제가 꾸준히 제기되어오고 있다. 대학입시의 공정성에 대한 선행연구는 일반적인 정책대안 혹은 교사집단의 인식을 중심으로 이루어졌으나 이 연구는 대학입시제도의 가장 직접적인 당사자라고 할 수 있는 학생들이 대학입학전형제도의 공정성에 대해 느끼는 인식을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이 연구는 대학생 11명의 인터뷰자료를 이용하여 근거이론(Grounded Theory) 방법을 적용하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 인과적 조건은 수능시험위주에서 벗어난 대입전형의 다양화과정에서 일어난 잦은 제도의 변경이며, 중심현상은 절차적 측면과 분배적 측면에서의 근본적인 대입제도의 불공정성으로 나타났다. 또한 맥락적 조건으로는 서울과 지방의 차이를 중심으로 한 대학입학에 관한 정보와 인프라의 격차로 분석되었으며 중재적 조건으로는 정보화기술의 발전과 개인 혹은 집단 차원의 노력으로 분석되었다. 결론적으로 대학생들은 대학입학전형의 불공정성이 일회적 처방으로 해결할 수 없는 사회구조적인 문제를 배경으로 하고 있는 것으로 인식하고 있었다.

Diversification of college admission system has recently brought up the problem of system fairness. Studies on fairness of college admission system mainly focused on policy proposal or investigation of teacher's perception. Different from previous works, this study aims to analyze college students' perceptions of fairness of the current college admission system. This study used grounded theory and interviews from eleven students. Results of analysis are as follows. Causal condition proved to be frequent change in admission system happened in the course of diversifying admission criteria. The core phenomenon is fundamental unfairness in both procedural and substantive aspects of admission system. Contextual condition is information and infrastructure asymmetry among students which has a root in regional gap in Korea. Mediatory condition is advance of information technology and individual or group effort to overcome disadvantages. In conclusion, students consider that unfairness in college admission system reflects social structural problems that cannot be solved in a one-time prescription.