Earticle

This paper addresses the Korean plural suffix -tul which started out as a noun with the meaning of ‘others (of a similar kind)’ or ‘these (just listed)’ and grammaticalized into a bound plural suffix. One peculiarity in Present-Day Korean is that it became reanalyzed as a formant whose function is not merely a pluralizer but also a discourse marker signaling the speaker's attitudes. Its development presents a number of intriguing aspects of grammaticalization. It shows not only the traditional [lexical > grammatical] change but also [grammatical > discourse] change. It also exhibits ‘persistence’ in that its presence usually implies plurality of the sentential subject. Further, it strongly suggests that language users often use intercategorial analogy in grammaticalization, a point argued for in recent literature. This paper shows the intercategorial fluidity that lingers around the grammaticalizing form and intersubjectification that constantly pushes a form into the interpersonal domain.

Visual object recognition has been growing quickly in the field of computer science, as it can be applied to such diverse areas as robotics, smartphones, and artificial intelligence. Although there have been a countless number of researches and methods to develop an effective visual object recognition software, there have been only few attempts to combine visual object recognition with data science. Data science analyzes large volumes of data in different forms and derives useful information from the results. In the experiment, this study developed a specific method to generate sentences that describe what’s happening in a picture by combining visual object recognition software with text mining technologies. This study utilizes CamFind to identify a number of objects in a picture and applies NodeXL from Microsoft Excel to obtain online data from Twitter, a social network service. Information from the analysis of texts induced from objects is used to make stories for the whole image.

2024년 현재까지 이강백 <알>의 연구는 70년대의 시대상황과 알의 의미를 연결 짓는 연구가 대다수로 자리한다. 반면에 이 논문은 기존 연구에서 선행되지 않았던, ‘탈진실’이라는 새로운 축을 더해 <알>의 오브제 ‘알’을 분석했다. <알>은 오브제 ‘알’을 통해 탈진실의 함정에 빠진 시민들을 극화하고 있다. 공공선을 도출하지 못하는 시민 사회의 빈틈을 노리는 박물관장은 진실을 대신하는 탈진실로 권력을 독점하려고 한다. ‘알’에 임금이나 공룡이 있다는 거짓말을, 진실로 숙의하지 못하는 시민들은 결국 탈진 실로서의 사유에 빠져들게 되는 것이다. 그러나 <알>에 나타난 시민들과 다르게 관객 은, 해설자가 현대와 원시를 오고 가며 말을 거는 무대구성으로 오브제 ‘알’ 속의 ‘진실 과 실재’가 무엇인지 제3자의 객관적인 시선에서 사유하게 된다. 아울러 이강백이 <알> 을 창작했을 당시의 오브제 ‘알’의 의미는 70년대 독재정권의 암울한 고통을 상징하는 작품이었지만, 독재정권이 종식된 오늘날의 관객입장에서는 오브제 의미가 확연히 달 라진다. 따라서 <알>의 오브제 분석 또한 시대 변화에 따른 관객의 감수성을 감지하며 새롭게 해석해야 할 필요성을 낳는다.

Until now in 2024, most of Lee Kang-baek's studies on <Egg> appear to be studies linking the situation of the times in the 1970s with the meaning of ‘Egg’. Therefore, this paper analyzed the object ‘Egg’ of <Egg> by adding a new axis called Post-Truth, which was not preceded in previous studies. <Egg> is dramatizing citizens who have fallen into the trap of post-truth through the object ‘Egg’. The museum director, who seeks to find the gaps in civil society that cannot derive the public good, tries to monopolize power with post-truths that replace the truth. Citizens who cannot truly meditate on the lie that there are kings and dinosaurs in Al end up falling into thinking as post-truths. However, unlike the citizens in <Egg>, the audience contrasts and makes them think about what "truth and reality" in the object ‘Egg’ is because the narrator directly talks to the audience. In addition, when Lee Kang-baek created <Egg>, the meaning of the object ‘Egg’ was a work that symbolized the grim pain of the dictatorship in the 1970s, but the meaning of the object is clearly different from the perspective of today's audience after the dictatorship ended. Therefore, the object analysis of <Egg> also senses the sensitivity of the audience according to the change of the times and creates a need to interpret it anew.

Kim Hee-kyoung. 2013. A Study on the Functional Characteristics of Meta-Text. The language and Culture 9-2: 121-143. This research explores the various textual characteristics of Korean material. Korean material can be categorized as either ‘Object Text’ or ‘Meta Text’. While object texts contain knowledge of Korean and Koran Culture, Meta Texts function as a tool for teaching and learning of Object Texts. So the Object Text is included teaching and learning contents, whereas the Meta Text is included teaching and learning methods. On this basis, an analysis of the characteristics of Meta Texts serves as a clear explanation for the educational functionality of Korean materials. However, Meta Texts have not been researched as much as Object Texts have until now. This study aims to reveal the textual characteristics of Meta Text through representative Meta Text such as a learning objective and an activity directions etc. A learning objectives is a text that states the objective of a relevant text. A activity directions on the other hand illustrates the progress of the implementation process of lessons, especially its chronological aspect. As evidenced by how the two Meta Texts types comprise a significant proportion of material's elements, those can be defined as the main Meta Text used to determine the characteristics of Meta Text. (Hansung University)

CAPTCHA is an important technology to prevent auto-script attack. Currently most of the CAPTCHA systems are text based, which firstly distort, rotate different characters and then use some obfuscation, aiming to make the text difficult to be recognized by auto-script while still can be learnt easily by real users. However, such kind of CAPTCHA schema either too simple, which can be attacked easily by using optimal character recognition (OCR) or machine learning based technology, or it is too complex that even real users cannot tell it. By observing such contradiction between security and usability, we propose a novel object and text recognition based image CAPTCHA system called OTRCaptcha. In OTRCaptcha, some object images (each has a label) and their names are attached into a background image respectively. In order to pass this CAPTCHA, users have to identify all the object images, labels within those objects and their names. Besides, users also need to identify the semantic relationship between object and its name. Both the theoretical analysis and experiment result show that OTRCapthcha can provide both high security and strong usability.

객체지향 텍스트 프로그래밍 및 시각 프로그래밍 교육에 대한 연구는 학생들이 프로그램 개발을 진행하는 과정 혹은 프로그래밍을 교수하는 방법론과 프로그램 개발을 위한 적합한 분석 및 설계 방법론을 찾는 것이다. 이 논문에서는 컴퓨터 프로그래밍 교육에서 객체지향 텍스트/시각 프로그래밍 교육을 적용하고 평가하기 위한 평가 지표를 개발한다. 이 지표는 시각적 혹은 텍스트 기반 프로그래밍 언어/도구를 사용할 때 학생들의 프로그래밍 교육에 대한 적합성을 측정하고 분석하여 학생들의 이해력, 추상화 능력, 프로그램 구현 능력과 학생들의 수준별 적합성을 측정하고 분석하며, 또한, 측정/분석 방법론을 개발하고 적용하는데 활용할 수 있다.

Recently, with the development of IT technology, unmanned systems are being introduced in many industrial fields, and one of the most important factors for introducing unmanned systems in the automobile field is vehicle licence plate recognition(VLPR). The existing VLPR algorithms are configured to use image processing for a specific type of license plate to divide individual areas of a character within the plate to recognize each character. However, as the number of Korean vehicle license plates increases, the law is amended, there are old-fashioned license plates, new license plates, and different types of plates are used for each type of vehicle. Therefore, it is necessary to update the VLPR system every time, which incurs costs. In this paper, we use an object detection algorithm to detect character regardless of the format of the vehicle license plate, and apply a handwritten Hangul recognition(HHR) algorithm to enhance the recognition accuracy of a single Hangul character, which is called a Hangul unit. Since Hangul unit is recognized by combining initial consonant, medial vowel and final consonant, so it is possible to use other Hangul units in addition to the 40 Hangul units used for the Korean vehicle license plate.

최근의 읽기 교수·학습 이론을 살펴보면 결과 중심의 읽기 교육에서 과정 중심 읽기 교육으로 변하고 있다. 그러나, 교육 현장에서는 학생들의 읽기 내용을 지도할 때 읽기 후 활동 중심으로 교육하고 있는 실정이다. 특히, 교사의 역동적인 개입이 부족했으며, 전략에 대한 강조가 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 또한, 읽기를 통해 고등수준의 사고 기능을 신장하는데 소홀했다. 더불어, 지금까지 국어과 교육에서 국어과 고유의 교수-학습방법을 연구하거나, 각각의 지도 요소에 알맞은 학습 전략을 이용해 교수-학습을 체계화하려는 노력은 드물었다. 이러한 여러 가지 읽기 교육의 문제점을 해결하기 위해 학생들이 수준에 적합한 읽기 전략 수업지도 방안을 모색하는 노력이 필요하다. 즉, 읽기 활동에 대한 참여도와 흥미를 키워 주기 위한 방법의 일환으로, 읽기 전 활동, 읽기 중 활동, 읽기 후 활동에 대한 수준별 읽기전략 수업 지도 방안이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구는 초등 학교 국어과 읽기 능력을 향상시키기 위해 글의 목적(정보전달하는 글, 설득하는 글, 정서표현의 글, 친교의 글)에 따른 수준별 읽기전략 수업 지도 방안을 모색하는데 의의가 있다.

광학 위성 영상(Optical)과 합성개구레이더(SAR)를 함께 사용하는 다중소스 객체 검출 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으나 대부분은 이미지 특징 융합에만 집중하여 클래스 의미 정보를 충분히 활용하지 못한다. M4-SAR[1]는 정렬된 Optical-SAR 쌍과 대규모 회전 박스 주석으로 구성된 대표 벤치마크이다. 본 연구에서는 E2E-OSDet[1]에 비전-언어 모델(VLM)의 텍스트 임베딩을 결합한 TA-OSDet를 제안하고 클래스별 텍스트 프로토타입과 이미지 컨텍스트를 검출 헤드의 분류 로짓과 융합하는 Text Fusion Module을 도입하였다. TA-OSDet는 AP@0.5 = 85.7%, AP@0.75 = 71%, mAP@0.5:0.95 = 61.7%을 달성하며 비전-언어 기반 텍스트 융합의 효과를 확인하였다.

Although multi-source object detection using both optical imagery and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been actively studied, most approaches focus only on feature-level fusion and do not fully exploit class-level semantic information. M4-SAR is a representative benchmark consisting of well-aligned optical-SAR image pairs with large-scale rotated bounding box annotations. In this work, we propose TA-OSDet, which augments E2E-OSDet with text embeddings from a vision-language model (VLM), and introduce a Text Fusion Module that fuses class-wise text prototypes and image-level context with the classification logits of the detection head. TA-OSDet achieves AP@0.5 = 85.7%, AP@0.75 = 71%, and mAP@0.5:0.95 = 61.7%, demonstrating the effectiveness of VLM-based text fusion.