Earticle

This study focused on evaluating the phytoextraction of heavy metals (Co, Pb, and Zn) induced by bioaugmentation of button mushroom compost (BMC) in Helianthus annuus (sunflower). When the potential ability of BMC to solubilize heavy metals was assessed in a batch experiment, the inoculation with BMC could increase more the concentrations of water-soluble Co, Pb, and Cd by 35, 25, and 45% respectively, compared to those of non-inoculated soils. BMC-assisted growth promotion and metal uptake in H. annuus was also evaluated in a pot experiment. In comparison with non-inoculated seedlings, the inoculation led to an increase in the growth of H. annuus by 27, 25, and 28% in Co-, Pb-, and Zn- contaminated soils, respectively. Moreover, enhanced accumulation of Co, Pb, and Zn in the shoot and root systems was observed in inoculated plants, where metal the translocation from root to the above-ground tissues was also found to be enhanced by the BMC. Evidently, these results suggest that the BMC could be effectively employed in enhancing the phytoextraction of Co, Pb, and Zn from contaminated soils.

The purpose of this study was designed to analyze the effects mobilization and active stretching on the difference of weight-bearing distribution, low back pain, and flexibility in pronated-foot subjects. The subjects of this study were 16 chronic low back pain patients. They were randomly divided into the control and experimental group. The experimental group had used the model of ankle mobilization and calf muscle active stretching three times per week, for 4 weeks. The control group did same method without an ankle mobilization. The range of flexion and extension motion of the lumbar vertebrae and low back pain degree and difference of weight-bearing were measured before and after the experiment. The model of ankle mobilization and calf muscle stretching of pronated-foot significantly improved the range of flexion and extension motion of the vertebrae. And the visual analogue scale and distribution of weight-bearing were decreased in both of two groups. In other word, the exercise of this study showed that the model of ankle mobilization and calf muscle stretching of pronated-foot had positive effects on improving the range of flexion and extension motion of the vertebrae. The calf muscle stretching was easy and it is effective in therapy that patients by themselves and helped to recover the balance of the vertebrae to combine ankle mobilization and muscle stretching.

The potential ability of Button mushroom compost (BMC) to solubilize heavy metals was estimated with metal contaminated soils collected from abandoned mines of Boryeong area in South Korea. The bacterial strains in BMC were isolated for investigating the mobilization of metals in soil or plant by the strains and identified according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. When metal solubilization potential of BMC was assessed in a batch experiment, the BMC was found to be capable of solubilizing metals in the presence of metals (Co, Pb and Zn) and the results showed that inoculation of BMC could increase the concentrations of water soluble Co, Pb and Cd by 35, 25 and 45% respectively, than those of non- inoculated soils. BMC-assisted growth promotion and metal uptake in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) was also evaluated in a pot experiment. In comparison with non-inoculated seedlings, the inoculation led to increase the growth of H. annuus by 27, 25 and 28% respectively in Co, Pb and Zn contaminated soils. Moreover, enhanced accumulation of Co, Pb and Zn in the shoot and root systems was observed in inoculated plants, where metal translocation from root to the above-ground tissues was also found to be enhanced by the BMC. The apparent results suggested that the BMC could effectively be employed in enhancing phytoextraction of Co, Pb and Zn from contaminated soils.

이 논문은 전시체제기 동원체제 하에서 종교계의 동향과 천도교의 대응을 중심으로 살펴보고 있다. 일제강점기 1931년 8월 류타오후사건을 계기로 만주를 침략하여 만주사변을 일으켰으며 1937년 중일전쟁, 1941년 태평양전쟁으로 이어지면서 이른바 전시체제기가 형성되었다. 중일전쟁 이후 국가총동원법을 제정하면서 전시동원 체제가 성립되었다. 이 시기 총독인 우가키는 민심작흥운동을 강화하기 위해 종교계를 중심으로 심전개발운동을 추진하였다. 심전개발운동을 종교계를 매개로 한 것으로 조선인에 대한 교화정책이기도 하였다. 즉 신앙을 통한 정신적 교화가 사회의 불평과 불만을 완화시키고, 이를 통해 식민통치에 보다 효율적으로 활용하고자 하는 목적이 깔려있다. 이러한 심전개발운동에는 주로 불교와 유교가 동원되었다. 이는 두 종교가 오랫동안 조선에 영향을 미쳤기 때문이었다. 뿐만 아니라 일상생활에서도 두 종교가 미치는 영향 역시 컸기 때문이었다. 불교는 조선불교중앙종무원을, 유교는 각지의 유림을 중심으로 각종 강연회 개최하면서 내선융화를 강조하고 황민화운동을 적극 추진하였다. 이러한 일제의 동원체제에 천도교는 교의 변용과 인적, 물적으로 동원되었다. 특히 민족종교임에도 불구하고 천도교는 중일전쟁 이후 강제적 동원이 강화되었다. 전시체제기가 형성되기 시작한 만주사변 이후에는 일제협력 단체인 시중회를 조직하는데 중요한 역할을 하였으며, 중일전쟁 이후에는 이른바 ‘전향 성명’를 통해 일제의 식민통치에 협력하였다. 일제 협력은 교의 변용을 통한 시국인식을 강조하였으며 황도정신을 이식시키고자 하였다. 이를 위해 전국 순화 시국인식 강연회를 가졌다. 뿐만 아니라 교단의 핵심적인 교의를 식민체제에 협력하는 것으로 변용하고 왜곡하였다. 일제의 천도교 동원은 교의 변용뿐만 아니라 신체동원으로 이어졌다. 이로 인해 천도교는 전국 순회 시국인식 강연회를 개최하였으며, 이를 통해 이른바 ‘신앙보국’, ‘수도보국’이라는 논리를 내세웠다. 이러한 시국강연 역시 중일전쟁 이후 강화되었으며, 태평양전쟁기에는 신궁참배와 근로동원으로 확대되었다. 교단의 주요 지도자들은 부여신궁 조성 근로봉사에 동원되었으며, 일반 교인들 역시 근로보국대에 동원되었다.

This paper focuses on the trend of the religious community and the response of Cheondogyo under the mobilization system during the wartime system. Japanese colonial era In the wake of the Ryutao Incident in August 1931, Manchuria invaded Manchuria and caused the Manchurian Incident, and the so-called wartime system was formed as it led to the Sino-Japanese War in 1937 and the Pacific War in 1941. After the Sino-Japanese War, the War Mobilization System was established by enacting the National Mobilization Act. During this period, Ugaki, the governor-general, promoted the Simjeon Development Movement centered on the religious community to strengthen the movement to create public sentiment. It was also a policy of enlightenment for Koreans as the medium of the Simjeon Development Movement. In other words, the purpose of spiritual enlightenment through faith is to alleviate social complaints and dissatisfaction, and to use it more efficiently for colonial rule. Buddhism and Confucianism were mainly mobilized in these electrocardiographic movements. This was because the two religions influenced Joseon for a long time. In addition, the influence of the two religions in everyday life was also great. Buddhism emphasized internal integration and actively promoted the Hwangminification movement by holding various lectures centered on the Joseon Buddhist Central Staff and Confucianism around Confucian scholars. In this Japanese mobilization system, Cheondogyo was mobilized for the transformation of the bridge, human and material. In particular, despite being a national religion, Cheondogyo was strengthened in forced mobilization after the Sino-Japanese War. After the Manchurian Incident, when the wartime system began to form, it played an important role in organizing the Japanese cooperation organization, and after the Sino-Japanese War, it cooperated with the Japanese colonial rule through the so-called Forward Statement. Japanese-Japanese cooperation emphasized the perception of the times through the transformation of religion and attempted to implant the spirit of the ecliptic. To this end, he held a nationwide lecture on purification. In addition, the core doctrine of the denomination was transformed and distorted to cooperate with the colonial system. The mobilization of Cheondogyo in Japan led to not only the transformation of the bridge but also the mobilization of the body. For this reason, Cheondogyo held a national tour-style lecture, and through this, he put forward the logic of so-called “faith of a safe country” and “meditation of a safe country” These state-of-the-art lectures were also strengthened after the Sino-Japanese War, and during the Pacific War, they were expanded to visit the shrine and work mobilization. The main leaders of the denomination were mobilized for the construction of Buyeo Shrine, and ordinary members of the church were also mobilized for the Labor Security Corps.

본 연구는 정상 성인에게 있어 수정된 벽 스쿼트 운동과 천장관절가동술이 정상성인의 균형능력에 미치는 영향을 연구하고자 실시하였다. 34명의 대상자를 선발하여 실험군 17명(여자 10명, 남자 7명) 또는 대조군 17명 (여자 10명, 남자 7명)으로 무작위 배치하였으며, 실험군은 6주간 주 3회, 회당 3세트의 수정된 벽 스쿼트 운동과 천장관절가동술을 받았다. 실험군과 대조군의 실험 전과 실험 후 그룹 내 균형을 비교한 결과 실험군은 체중분포지 수와 우측 발 뒷부분과 발 앞부분(힘 판 CD), 좌, 우 발 뒷부분(힘 판 AC)과 좌측 발 뒷부분과 우측 발 앞부분(힘 판 AD)에서 통계적 유의성이 있었고, 대조군은 전체 항목에서 통계적 유의성이 없었다. 본 연구에서 수정된 벽 스쿼트 운동과 천장관절가동술이 정상성인의 균형능력에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of modified wall squat exercise after sacro-iliac joint mobilization on balance in normal adults. The total number of subjects was 34, and 17 were randomly placed in the experimental group(EG) and 15 in the control group (CG). The subjects in the EG have conducted the 3 sets of modified wall squat exercise after sacro-iliac joint mobilization per day, 3 times a week for 6 weeks and CG did not conducted the intervention. Comparing the EG’s balance pre-test and post-test this study, there was a statistical significance in WDI, CD, AC and AD. In this study, it was confirmed that modified wall squat exercise after sacro-iliac joint mobilization affects balance in normal adults.

2023년 11월 일본정부는 유네스코 세계기록유산(Memory of the World)에 <히로시마 원폭의 시각적 자료-1945년의 사진과 영상>을 등재 신청했다. 여기에는 1945년 8월 6일부터 12월말까지 촬영된 ‘원폭피해’의 참상이 담겨 있다. 신청결과는 2025년 봄에 발표될 예정이다. 등재가 결정되면 원폭피해에 대한 ‘세계의 기억’이 공식적으로 인정될 것이다. 그렇다면 공식화된 기억의 ‘주체’는 과연 누가 될 것인가. 다시 말해 원폭피해를 받은 ‘히바쿠샤’란 과연 누굴 지칭하는가가 문제되지 않을 수 없다. 본고에서는 2024년 현재 일본의 ‘히바쿠샤’ 담론을 비판적으로 검토할 것이다. 이를 위해,Ⅰ장에서는 현재 일본의 히바쿠샤 담론이 이중의 표상을 지니고 있다는 점을 밝힐 것이다. Ⅱ·Ⅲ장에서는 히바쿠샤 담론의 새로운 유형이라 할 수 있는 ‘다국적 히바쿠샤 공동체’의 실상을 살펴볼 것이다. 다국적 히바쿠샤 공동체란 1945년 8월에 히로시마와 나가사키에서 원자폭탄의 피해를 받은 ‘히바쿠샤’안에 ‘외국인’의 존재를 받아들인 담론으로 일종의 ‘상상의 공동체’라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 그 실상을 밝히는 본고의 시도는 이 담론에 내포된 ‘내셔널리즘’의 계기를 비판적으로 포착하는 일과 상통한다. 실상파악은 두 방향으로 수행할 것이다. 먼저 Ⅱ장에서는 ‘외국인 히바쿠샤’란 누구인지 주로 언급되는 사례들을 살피는 작업을 수행한다. 이를 토대로 Ⅲ장에서는 피폭의 ‘평등성’—원폭은 국적이나 민족의 구별없이 모든 사람을 덮쳤다—을 대명제로 성립하고 있는 다국적 히바쿠샤 공동체에서 누락시킨 맥락을 ‘동원’이라는 관점에서 복원시키는 작업을 수행할 것이다. 마지막 Ⅳ장에서는 이상의 분석을 바탕으로 다국적 히바쿠샤 공동체 담론이 갖는 문제성을 아감벤의 ‘배제적 포섭’이라는 관점에서 논의해 보고자 한다. 끝으로 유네스코 세계기록유산에 등재 신청된 <히로시마 원폭의 시각적 자료>의 결과발표를 앞두고 ‘조선인 피폭자’ 문제를 어떻게 논의해 나가야 할지 향후 과제를 제시하겠다.

In November 2023, the Japanese government submitted an application to UNESCO’s International Memory of the World to inscribe the Visual Archives of Hiroshima Atomic Bombing-Photographs and Films in 1945. This collection comprises images that depict the devastation caused by the atomic bombings captured between August 6 and the end of December 1945. The results of the application will be announced in the spring of 2025. If it is accepted, the world’s memory of the atomic bombings will receive official recognition. However, if this occurs, who will be the subject of this officially sanctioned memory? In other words, the question of who the hibakusha are cannot be ignored. This article aims to examine the Japanese discourse on hibakusha from a critical perspective. First, I tried to show that the current hibakusha community is represented in two distinct ways. One representation emphasizes the hibakusha as part of a national community, highlighting Japan as the only country to have experienced atomic bombings, with focus primarily on Japanese nationals. The other representation encompasses a multinational community that includes non-Japanese, or foreign hibakusha. It is important to note that the Japanese government officially recognizes this latter type of community. (Ch.Ⅰ). Second, I revealed the reality of this new type of discourse (Ch.Ⅱ-Ⅲ).This is a kind of imaginary community that accepts the existence of foreigners among the hibakusha. Therefore, to reveal its reality would be an at tempt to critically capture the impulse of nationalism. I employed two approaches to address this question. First, I examined individual cases of foreign victims that have been uncovered to date (Ch.Ⅱ). Second, I explored the historical context of foreign victims through the lens of mobilization for the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere and the war effort. (Ch.Ⅲ). In the conclusion, I evaluated the problematic nature of the multinational hibakusha community from the perspective of Agamben’s exclusionary inclusion. I also provided insights into the limitations of the existing framework concerning Korean victims in order to respond to the results of Japan’s application to UNESCO’s International Memory of the World (Ch.Ⅳ).

The coupled motions of tibial internal rotation (T-IR) and ankle dorsiflex-ion (DF) are necessary for proper lower-limb function. Anecdotally, cli-nicians have been performing techniques to restore T-IR to improve an-kle DF, however, no evidence exists to support their efficacy. Therefore, the two objectives were to: (a) determine the effectiveness of a manual therapy technique for improving T-IR range of motion (ROM) and (b) Ex-amine the relationship between ankle DF and T-IR ROM. Twenty-four participants qualified to participate and were randomly allocated to ei-ther the control (n=12) or manual therapy (n=12) group. Closed-chain ankle DF and T-IR ROM were assessed at baseline and immediately posttreatment. Control group participants sat quietly for 5 minutes. The experimental group performed 3 sets of 15 repetitions of a manual ther-apy, mobilization with movement technique. With the patient in a kneel-ing lunge position, the examiner wrapped an elastic band around the tibia and fibula and was instructed to lunge forward while the examiner simultaneously manually internally rotated the lower leg. T-IR ROM sig-nificantly increased following the intervention for the manual therapy group when compared to the control group. There were no significant changes in standing or kneeling DF ROM. No significant correlation was found between T-IR and both standing and kneeling DF ROM. A single mobilization with movement treatment is effective for improving tibial IR ROM in the short-term compared to no treatment. However, ac-tive tibial IR and end-range dorsiflexion range of motion do not appear to be correlated based on these methods.

최근 국내외적으로 자연 및 인적재난에 의한 피해는 매년 증가하고 있다. 이들 재난에 대한 피해는 완전히 방지할 수는 없으나 국가적으로 잘 준비된 예방 및 관리대책 수립에 의하여 막대한 인명 및 재산피해가 발생되는 경우에 이를 충분히 저감할 수 있다. 방재자원은 재난발생 시 투입되는 인력, 물자, 장비, 시설자원을 의미한다. 실제 재난발생 시 이들 자원의 신속하고 적절한 투입은 실제 그 재난을 최소화하는데 매우 중요한 요소이다. 그러나 현재 국내 방재자원의 경우, 적절한 방재자원 동원을 위한 기준이나 분류가 체계적으로 구성되어 있지 못한 상황으로 이로 인한 효과적인 자원관리 및 투입이 효율적으로 운영되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구는 현행 국내에서 불규칙적으로 적재, 활용되고 있은 방재자원의 효율적인 동원체계 구축을 위한 초기단계의 연구로서 보다 효율적인 방재자원의 관리 및 운영을 위한 방재자원의 기능별, 역할별 분류를 구축하고 이를 제시 보다 효과적인 방재자원 관리 및 동원시스템을 구축하는 토대를 마련하고자 한다.

The damage caused by natural and human disasters has been increasing year by year. While the damage from these disasters are unavoidable, reduction of damage level by proper establishment of control measures could be sufficiently achievable. Disaster prevention resources include resources introduced in the event of disaster, such as human, materials, equipments and facilities. Rapid yet proper inputs of these resources are the key factor to minimize any damages from the disaster. Currently, however, the standard and/or criteria for mobilization of the disaster prevention resources have not yet systematically established. Therefore, proper resource management as well as efficient resource input has not been in place. This research is an early stage construction of efficient mobilization resources, which had been irregularly loaded and applied before. Also this study has tried to provide a classification rule for efficient disaster prevention resource management and mobilization, and indeed, provide a foundation for efficient resource management system.

전자정부는 정보통신기술을 활용하여 시민들에게 정보를 제공하고 시민들로 하여금 정부의 정책결정과정에 참여를 확대하도록 하는 것을 말한다. 이 가운데 웹 2.0은 쌍방향성과 열린 미디어를 지 향하며 각 국에서 이를 도입하여 활용하고 있다. 이 논문은 웹 2.0이 정치 참여에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 검토했다. 대통령 직속 미래기획위원회(이 하 위원회)가 2008년 10〜12월 운영한 ‘드림코리아’(DreamKorea)라는 위키 사이트에 접속한 사용자 가 운데 이들이 게재한 글을 분석하고 이들이 이미 인터넷상에서 정치 참여를 활발히 했었는지 아니면 처 음 참여했는지 평가를 시도했다. 이 글은 우선 웹 2.0이 무엇인지를 정의하고 이에 해당되는 블로그와 위키의 특징을 비교 설명했다. 이어 호주와 영국에서 시행되어 비교적 성과를 거둔 웹 2.0을 공공정책에 적용한 예로 들어 전자정부의 하나로 웹 2.0을 사용하는 국가가 증가하고 있음을 분석했다. 3장은 드림코리아 사이트의 기원과 운영방 식을 다른 블로그와 비교 설명했다. 이어 3개월 동안 운영했던 성과, 그리고 이용자를 대상으로 한 설문 조사를 통하여 이 사이트가 방문자들의 정치 참여를 강화했는지 아니면 동원했는지를 조심스럽게 결론 을 내렸다. 이 기간동안 이 사이트의 일일 평균 방문자 수는 689명 이었고 29,512의 페이지 뷰를 기록했다. 그러나 이 사이트에 게재된 글은 15건에 불과했다. 이 사이트 방문자들은 저탄소 녹색성장에 관련된 들에 15건 의 비판과 정책 제안을 올렸다. 미래기획위원회가 다루는 안건이 시민들의 일상생활에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것이 아니라 정부의 중 장기 전략 을 다루었기 때문에 방문자가 적지 않았음에도 게재된 글은 극소수였다고 추정된다. 또 등록된 사용자들을 대상으로 한 설문조사는 회수율이 1.5%에 불과하여 확정적으로 결론을 내기가 쉽 지 않다. 그러나 이들을 대상으로 한 설문조사에서 절반 정도는 이미 선거에 참여했거나 정부 사이트에 글을 게재한 적이 있다고 대답했다. 그러나 절반 정도는 이런 활동에 참여한 적이 없다고 응답했다. 이러한 설문조사를 결과로 볼 때 웹 2.0은 기존의 정치 참여를 강화하거나 정치 참여를 유도(동원)했 다는 해석이 둘 다 조심스럽게 가능했다. 그러나 이 해석은 설문조사 회수율이 1.5%에 불과하여 매우 잠정적일 수밖에 없다.

Electronic government (e-government) refers to the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), the Internet in particular, to deliver public services and to facilitate civic participation in policy-making process. Many governments around the world have been moving toward online actively for over a decade to enhance administrative efficiency and democratic decision-making (Homburg 2008; Edmiston 2003). In particular, Web 2.0 has been widely used due to its efficiency and as a way of two-way communication. This paper seeks to clarify the relationship between Web 2.0 and political participation. Based on the contents of “DreamKorea,” which was an experimental government Web 2.0 wiki website operated separately from the official blog of the Presidential Council for Future and Vision in South Korea (the Republic of Korea), the paper finds probable evidences for both reinforcing and mobilizing effects of the Internet on civic participation in the policy-making process. The paper proceeds with explaining the wide use of the Web 2.0 in such countries as Australia and United Kingdom. The two countries utilized it as a way to further civic participation in the decision-making process since 2008. Chapter three discussed the origin and operation of DreamKorea from October to December 2008. During the period, the site posted 689 visitors and 29.512 page views a day. Yet only 15 contributions were made on the site. Registered users gave their opinions on low-carbon green growth strategy. The section on green growth prodded the registered users to write their comments. This seems to be the nature of contents, as the site addressed the mid-term and long-term policy visions rather than the immediate issues that concern the citizens. A survey was conducted to find the political orientation of the registered users. But only 1.5% of the users responded to the survey. Based on the survey outcome, it was cautiously argued that the two factors, the reinforcement and mobilization effects, are not always mutually exclusive, but may often occur simultaneously. Specific content of the site and more accessible style also mattered in attracting more users to the site. Thus the wiki site extended opportunities for civic engagement in policy-making process. The paper recommends that further detailed research need to be conducted to specifically explore the relationship between the reinforcement and mobilization effects of the web 2.0.

1958년 헌법에 의해 탄생한 제 5 공화국의 제도상 특징은 행정부에 두 수반 즉, 실권을 지닌 국가의 수반인 대통령과 정부의 수반인 총리가 존재한다는 것이다. 헌법 초안자들은 이 둘이 동일 정당이나 연합 출신일 것을 가정하였으나 1986년 이래로 의회선거 결과로 인하여 대통령이 총리를 야당에서 임명해야 하는 경우가 세 차례 있었으며 이와 같이 선택이나 서로간 선호에 관계없이 공존해야 하는 현상을 “동거정부(cohabitation)”라고 한다.세 번의 동거정부에서 총리는 대통령 선거에 출마하였으나 계속 패배하였으며, 세 번 중 두 번은 제2차 선거에도 나가지 못했다. 이는 동거정부 하에서 총리가 실제 행정권을 행사하는데 비해 대통령은 국내문제에 전면으로 나서지 않음으로써 총리는 유권자들에게는 정부의 실패의 주범으로 그리고 유권자들의 실망과 좌절의 희생양이 됨으로써 동거정부기간동안 그의 이미지를 점차 잠식당하기 때문인 것으로 보인다.2002년 프랑스 대통령 선거에서는 놀라운 결과가 나타났다. 선거 여론조사에 의한 예측과는 달리 제1차 선거에서 온건 좌익 후보는 16%로 3위에 머물렀으며, 프랑스 정치 스펙트럼에서 극우를 대표하는 국가 전선(Front national) 후보인 장 마리 르 펜(Jean-Marie Le Pen)이 17%로 2위 그리고 자크 시라크(Jaque Chirac)는 20%에 미치지 못하는 투표율로 1위를 하였다.과거 수년간의 선거를 보면 소위 주류 정치권 밖의 군소정당에 대한 지지가 점차 증가하는 것을 알 수 있다. 2002년 4월의 제2차 선거는 한편으로는 안심스러운 결과이기도 하지만 프랑스의 정치인들은 유권자들이 분명하게 보여준 불만의 근본적인 원인이 무엇인지 시급히 찾아야 할 것이며, 그렇지 못할 경우 제 5공화국은 얼마가지 못할 것이다.

Objective: To examine the association between the mobilization level during intensive care unit (ICU) admission and independence in activity of daily living (ADL), defined as Barthel Index (BI)≥70. Methods: This was a post-hoc analysis of the EMPICS study involving nine hospitals. Consecutive patients who spend >48 hours in the ICU were eligible for inclusion. Mobilization was performed at each hospital according to the shared protocol and the highest ICU mobility score (IMS) during the ICU stay, baseline characteristics, and BI at hospital discharge. Multiple logistic regression analysis, adjusted for baseline characteristics, was used to deter-mine the association between the highest IMS (using the receiver operating characteristic [ROC]) and ADL. Results: Of the 203 patients, 143 were assigned to the ADL independence group and 60 to the ADL dependence group. The highest IMS score was significantly higher in the ADL independence group than in the dependence group and was a predictor of ADL independence at hospital discharge (odds ratio, 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.07?1.38; adjusted p=0.002). The ROC cutoff value for the highest IMS was 6 (specificity, 0.67; sensitivity, 0.70; area under the curve, 0.69). Conclusion: These results indicate that, in patients who were in the ICU for more than 48 hours, that patients with good function in the ICU also exhibit good function upon discharge. However, prospective, multicenter trials are needed to confirm this conclusion.

Background The limitation of hip internal rotation (IR) is a risk factor for various musculoskeletal disorders. However, there has been no study yet on comparison of MWM (mobilization with movement) in non-WBP (weight-bearing position) and WBP and for increasing hip IR. Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the immediate effects of MWM in non-WBP and WBP and for increasing hip IR. Study design One group pre- and post-design. Methods Fifteen subjects with limited hip IR participated in two interventions: MWM in WBP and in non-WBP. The outcome measures included the passive seated internal rotation test (SIRT) and functional internal rotation test (FIRT) and for the hip. The measurements were taken immediately before and after the interventions. Results For SIRT and FIRT, no significant differences were noted between MWM type (non-WBP vs WBP) (p>.05). For SIRT, MWM techniques did not increase significantly the hip IR range of motion however, for FIRT, both MWM in non-WBP and WBP improve significantly the hip IR range of motion. Conclusions Both hip MWM have treatment effects on functional hip IR. Therapists may consider patient’s comfort when selecting the most appropriate MWM technique to treat functional limitation of hip IR range of motion.

Background: Scapular depression syndrome is associated with weakness or elongation in the upper trapezius and a lower pressure pain threshold. Purpose: This study aimed to compare the pressure pain thresholds of the upper trapezius and median nerve trunks and muscle activity during shoulder flexion before and after scapular alignment exercises and nerve mobilization in subjects with scapular depression alignment. Study design: Two-group pre- and post-test design Methods: The subjects were 30 men with scapular depression alignment aged 20?40 years old. Thirty subjects were randomly divided into the nerve mobilization group (n=15) and the scapular alignment exercise group. The scapular alignment exercise group repeated the scapular setting exercise 15 times a session while maintaining 1 min per trial, and the nerve mobilization group performed five sets of nerve mobilization, with set including 10, 12, 14, 16 and 20 times. The subjects were measured in terms of the pressure pain threshold and muscle activity during shoulder flexion. The pressure pain threshold was measured in the median nerve and upper trapezius. Muscle activity was measured in the upper trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior muscles during 120° shoulder flexion. Results: There was a significant increase in the pressure pain threshold of the upper trapezius before and after intervention in the scapular alignment exercise group (p<0.05). A significant increase in the muscle activity of the serratus anterior before and after intervention was observed in the scapular alignment exercise group (p<0.05), and a significant difference was found in the muscle activity of the serratus anterior between the two groups according to the intervention (p<0.05). Conclusions: The scapular alignment exercises enable subjects with scapular depression alignment to reduce the mechanical sensitivity of muscles and nervous tissues and bring immediate activation in muscle activity of serratus anterior. This study recommend that scapular alignment exercise could help scapular depression syndrome as a therapeutic exercise method in clinical field.

Background The range of motion of the ankle joint in stroke patients facilitates the smooth performance of functional movements and highlights the necessity of adequate ankle joint range of motion for performing these functional movements. Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of sit-to-stand exercises combined with joint mobilization with movements (MWM) and passive ankle stretching followed by sit-to-stand exercises on lower extremity functions, balance, and gait performance in stroke patients. Study design Two-group pre- and post-test design Methods A total of 34 chronic stroke patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. Sit-to-stand using MWM group (SUG) performed sit-to-stand exercises combined with MWM. Passive stretching group (PSG) performed passive ankle stretching followed by sit-to-stand exercises. A two-way ANOVA was used to examine the interactions between the two groups. The statistical significance level (α) was set at 0.05. Results SUG showed statistically significant difference in the dorsiflexion active range of motion (AROM), the five time sit-to-stand (FTSTS) and the 10-meter walking (10MWT) (p < 0.05). PSG showed statistically significant difference in the FTSTS and 10MWT (p < 0.05). A post-hoc analysis was conducted to compare pre- and post-test outcomes between groups; however, no statistically significant differences were found in dorsiflexion AROM, the FTSTS and 10MWT. (p >0.05). Conclusions Sit-to-stand exercise combined with MWM may be suggested as an effective program for improving lower extremity functions, balance, gait performance of stroke patients.

Background Various therapeutic methods have been suggested to increase the flexibility of shortened muscles in patients with knee pain. However, no previous study has directly compared the hip joint range of motion (ROM) and muscle stiffness as a mechanical property following the active stretching (AS) and instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) for shortened tensor fascia lata (TFL). Purpose To compare the effects of AS and IASTM on hip joint ROM and TFL stiffness in subjects with shortened TFL. Study design Two groups pre- and post-test design Methods Twenty healthy male subjects with shortened TFL were selected. The subjects were randomized between the AS group (n=10) and the IASTM group (n=10). A smartphone was used to measure the hip joint adduction ROM and Myoton was used to measure the TFL stiffness. Paired t-test was performed to analyze the within-group variation before and after the intervention, and an independent t-test was used to compare the between-group variation. Results In the within-group comparison, both the AS and IASTM groups showed a significant increase in the hip joint adduction ROM after the intervention, whereas neither group showed a significant difference in the TFL stiffness after the intervention. In the between-group comparison, a greater increase in the hip joint adduction ROM was observed for the AS group compared to the IASTM group. Conclusions This study found that the hip adduction ROM of the subjects with TFL shortness increased immediately in both AS group and IASTM group, although the TFL stiffness was not decreased. And the greater increase of the hip adduction ROM was revealed in AS group than IASTM group.

ABSTRACT Background Hamstring tightness is a major cause of low back pain (LBP). The active knee extension (AKE) test is frequently used to measure hamstring tightness in supine-positioned subjects. In patients with musculoskeletal pain, it is important to maintain the axis of rotation for accurate range of motion assessment. Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the intrarater test-retest reliability of an AKE test with belt-guided inferior gliding of the hip, which was designed to minimize excessive anterior-superior gliding of the hip in LBP patients with hamstring tightness. We also compared the range of AKE with versus without inferior gliding of the hip in this study population. Study design Reliability study. Methods Thirty-eight patients with LBP and hamstring tightness were recruited to this study. Hamstring tightness was measured in a supine AKE test, with and without inferior gliding of the hip, using the Smart KEMA device. Test?retest reliability was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Significant differences in the range of AKE between the groups were detected using a paired sample t-test. Results The hamstring flexibility tests with and without inferior gliding of the hip exhibited good to excellent test-retest reliability (ICC=0.89 for both). The range of AKE with inferior gliding of the hip was significantly less than that of AKE without inferior gliding of the hip. Conclusions Assessment of hamstring flexibility via an AKE test with inferior gliding of the hip is reliable when applied to patients with LBP; the range of AKE was lower in this test compared to those that do not incorporate inferior gliding of the hip.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of distention arthrography (DA) alone and in combination with translational mobilization (TM) for treatment of patients with frozen shoulder (FS). Methods Eighty-five patients diagnosed with unilateral FS (freezing or frozen stage) were included. Forty-one patients were treated with DA and TM (group 1) and 44 patients with DA alone (group 2). Clinical assessments including visual analogue scale (VAS), Cyriax stage, and shoulder passive range of motion (PROM) including forward flexion, abduction, external rotation, and internal rotation were measured at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months following treatment. Results There were no significant differences in gender, side affected, symptom duration, presence of diabetes mellitus, VAS score, Cyriax stage, or shoulder PROM between the two patient groups at baseline. Compared with baseline metrics, patients in both groups demonstrated significantly improved outcome parameters at two post-treatment time points. However, mean all shoulder PROMs were significantly greater, and mean VAS score and Cyriax stage were lower in patients treated with DA and TM than in those treated with DA alone group at two post-treatment time points. At these times, mean interval change of all outcome parameters was significantly greater with DA and TM than DA alone. No serious complications were observed following treatment in either patient group. Conclusion Compared with DA alone, DA combined with TM more effectively alleviates shoulder pain and increases PROM in patients with freezing or frozen stage FS.

Objective: To investigate the effect on early mobilization in patients undergoing extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and acute blood purification therapy in the intensive care unit (ICU).Methods: We conducted this multicenter retrospective cohort study by collecting data from six ICUs in Japan. Consecutive patients who were admitted to the ICU, aged ≥18 years, and received mechanical ventilation for >48 hours were eligible. The analyzed were divided into two groups: ECMO/blood purification or control group. Clinical outcomes; time to first mobilization, number of total ICU rehabilitations, mean and highest ICU mobility scale (IMS); and daily barrier changes were also investigated.Results: A total of 204 patients were included in the analysis, 43 in the ECMO/blood purification group and 161 in the control group. In comparison of clinical outcome, the ECMO/blood purification group had a significantly longer time to first mobilization: ECMO/blood purification group 6 vs. control group 4 (p=0.003), higher number of total ICU rehabilitations: 6 vs. 5 (p=0.042), lower mean: 0 vs. 1 (p=0.043) and highest IMS: 2 vs. 3 (p=0.039) during ICU stay. Circulatory factor were most frequently described as barriers to early mobilization on days 1 (51%), 2 (47%), and 3 (26%). On days 4 to 7, the most frequently described barrier was consciousness factors (21%, 16%, 19%, and 21%, respectively)Conclusion: The results of this study comparing the ECMO/blood purification group and the untreated group in the ICU showed that the ECMO/blood purification group had significantly longer days to mobilization and significantly lower mean and highest IMS.

본 연구에서는 시스템 다이내믹스 방법론을 활용하여 지자체 간 재난관리자원 상호연계형 운영모델을 제시하였다. 이때 분석 대상은 서울시 내 시군구별 제설제 비축량으로 선정하여 인과지도와 저량-유량도 를 구성하였다. 그리고 통계자료 기반으로 실제 대설 재난 상황과 유사하도록 서울시에서 11개의 시군구 에서 5일간 대설 예상 생량 3수준, 대설 대응 규모 4수준에 해당하는 대설이 발생한다는 시나리오를 설정하였다. 모의실험 결과, 대설 발생지역은 4.5일 차에 제설제 비축량이 최소비축량 이하로 떨어지며, 대설 미발생지역은 약 14.5일 차에 제설제가 최소비축량 이하로 떨어진다. 또한 서울시 재난관리자원 통합관리센터의 제설제 비축필요량은 약 2,155ton으로 추정되었다. 본 연구는 제설제가 최소비축량 이하 로 떨어지는 시점을 기반으로 제설제 필요량 수급의 RTO 설정에 활용할 수 있으며, 통합관리센터 내 적정 제설제 비축량을 제시하여 재난관리자원 상호 연계에 활용될 수 있다는 의의가 있다.

In this study, a disaster management resource simulation model between local governments was suggested using the system dynamics methodology. At this time, the subject of analysis was selected as the stockpile of deicing agents for each district in Seoul. Based on statistical data, a scenario was set in which the expected amount of heavy snowfall reached level 3, and the response to heavy snowfall reached level 4 for 5 days in the 11 districts of Seoul. The simulation shows that in areas with heavy snow, the deicing agent stock falls below the minimum by the 4.5th day, and in areas without heavy snow, it happens by the 14.5th day. Additionally, it was estimated that the Seoul Disaster Resource Integrated Management Center required about 2,155 tons of deicing agents. This study is meaningful because it can be used to set the RTO(Recovery Time Objective) for the mobilization and support of deicing agents. Furthermore, it can be used to interconnect disaster management resources by suggesting an appropriate stockpile of deicing agents for the Seoul Disaster Resource Integrated Management Center.