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Background/Objectives: Most colleges and universities in the Philippines consider acquiring a speech laboratory equipment a tough matter to manage due to the prices and after-sales support. Methods/Statistical analysis: Many speech laboratory equipments from abroad exist but would not serve for a long time, particularly in terms of durability and maintainability. Findings: The researcher developed a digital innovation in developing speech laboratory equipment that suitable for the end-user to operate the system quickly using a personal computer (PC). An interface was connecting serial communication via USB port to a Fuzzy Logic Controller to facilitate the switching of speaker and microphone in the student cubicles/headsets in real audio while in peer-to-peer communication. Moreover, the monitor or console of the teacher operates in a more comfortable and user-friendly manner. When the teacher clicks the desired function or button, the Fuzzy Logic Controller module responds and processes the command to enable or disable the student's headset. On the student's side, there is a call button function to highlight the teacher console. Improvements/Applications: Hence, the system is maintainable and flexible that can even run on Windows Operating Systems and Linux.

프로그래밍 수업은 실습 중심의 특성으로 인하여 기술 변화의 영향을 많이 받았다. 이제는 학습 내용 뿐만 아니라 학습 방법에서도 변화가 요구되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 생성형 AI를 활용하여 Atmega128 마이크로콘트롤러 프로그래밍 학습에 대한 동기를 증진시키고, 학습 과정에서 회복탄력성을 높일 수 있는 가능성을 제시하고자 한다. 회복탄력성의 하위요소 분석을 통하여, 생성형 AI가 Atmega128 마이크로콘트롤러 프로그래밍 교육에서 학습자를 위한 프로그래밍 학습 방식으로 활용될 수 있고, 프로그래밍 학습 과정에서 발생할 수 있는 학습된 무기력을 해결하거나 학습 동기를 높이는데 기여할 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 교수자에게 교육 과정을 설계하고 실행하는 단계에서 생성형 AI를 활용할 때 고려할 점을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통하여 Atmega128 마이크로콘트롤러 프로그래밍 수업에서의 새로운 방향성을 제시하고, 교육 분야에서 AI 활용의 잠재력을 탐색하는 기초를 마련할 것으로 기대할 수 있었다.

Programming classes have been greatly influenced by technological changes due to their practical nature. Now, not only the content but also the learning methods are being demanded to change. Therefore, this study proposes the potential of using generative AI to enhance motivation and increase resilience of students in Atmega128 microcontroller programming learning. Through the analysis of sub-factors of resilience, it was revealed that generative AI can be utilized as a programming learning approach in Atmega128 microcontroller programming education. It also helps to address learned helplessness problems and increase learning motivation during the programming learning process. Thus, it was found that educators may benefit from incorporating generative AI into the design and implementation of educational programs. This research presents a new direction for Atmega128 microcontroller programming courses and sets the groundwork for exploring the potential of AI in the field of education.

본 논문에서는 IoT 기기에 내장되는 마이크로컨트롤러의 1개 아날로그 포트를 이용해 1개의 아날로그 입력과 2개의 디지털 스위치 입력을 각각 입력받을 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. 제시한 방법은 아날로그 입력포트의 입력전압 범위 중 상한선과 하한선을 정해 이 구간은 아날로그 입력 전압을 입력받고, 디지털 스위치들은 각각 상한선과 하한선의 경계를 초과하도록 구성하였다. 제시한 방법의 성능을 입증하기 위해 마이크로컨트롤러를 이용해 회로를 구성하고 실험하 였으며, 그 결과 3종류의 입력들이 모두 1개의 아날로그 포트를 이용해 각각 감지할 수 있으므로 본래 필요했던 3개의 입력포트가 1개의 입력포트로, 즉 33%로 줄어드는 효과가 나타남을 확인하였다.

In this paper, a method of inputting one analog input and two digital switch inputs by using one analog port of microcontroller embedded in IoT device was proposed. In this method, the upper limit and the lower limit of the input voltage range of the analog input port are determined, and the analog input voltage is input to this interval. The digital switches are configured to exceed the boundaries of the upper and lower limits, respectively. To verify the performance of the proposed method, an experimental circuit was constructed and tested using a microcontroller. As a result, all three inputs can be sensed using a single analog port, thus confirming that the three required input ports are reduced to one input port, ie, 33%.

본 논문에서는 IT기기에 사용되는 마이너스 전압을 생성할 때 이를 기동하는 기능과 과부하를 감지해 이에 대처하는 기능을 마이크로컨트롤러를 이용해 제어하는 방법을 제시하였다. 이를 위해 기존의 마이너스 전압 생성회로가 가지는 제약점 및 과부하시 발생되는 문제점을 분석하고, 별도의 전류감지 회로 없이 과부하 상태를 검출해 제어하는 방법을 제시하였다. 제시한 방법의 효과를 확인하기 위해 실험회로를 구성하여 실험을 진행한 결과 기존의 마이너스 전압 생성회로에서는 과부하 시 래치-업 상태로 돌입해 회로가 위험한 상태로 진입하는 것에 비해 제시한 회로는 이를 감지해 회로의 동작을 차단하고 이러한 이상상태를 사용자에게 알려 조치를 취할 수 있으며, 회로의 기동시점을 시스템 상태에 맞춰 결정하므로 기동시간이 타임스위치 방식에 비해 약 23%정도로 크게 단축되는 실험결과를 확인하였다.

In this paper, the function of starting the negative voltage used in the IT equipment when it is generated and the method of controlling it using a microcontroller for the function to detect the overload and respond to it are presented. To do this, the limitations of the existing negative voltage generation circuit and the problems that occur during overload were analyzed, and a circuit that detects and controls the overload condition without a separate current sensing circuit was presented. In order to confirm the effect of the proposed method, an experiment was conducted by configuring an experimental circuit. As a result of the experiment, compared to the existing negative voltage generation circuit, which falls into a latch-up state when overloaded and enters a dangerous state, the proposed circuit detects this, stop the operation of the circuit, and informs the user of such an abnormal state to take action. have. In addition, since the starting point of the circuit is determined according to the system state, the experimental result was confirmed that the starting time was significantly shortened by about 23% compared to the time switch method.

마이크로컨트롤러(Microcontroller Unit, MCU) 환경에서 연속학습(Continual Learning)은 새로운 태스크 학습 시 기존 지식의 망각(Catastrophic Forgetting) 문제와 제한된 메모리라는 이중 도전에 직면한다. 본 연구에서는 적응적 레이어 선택 기법과 저비트 양자화를 결합하여 메모리 효율적인 연속학습 방법을 제안한다. 실험 결과, 제안한 적응적 방법은 384KB 예산에서 고정 방법 대비 망각률을 15.3%p 감소시켰으며, SIEF-QPG 양자화는 기존 INT8 대비 손실 분산을 17.1% 개선하였다. 또한 동적 선택 모드는 정적 모드 대비 평균 3.8%p 높은 정확도를 달성하면서 수렴속도를 9.2% 향상시켰다. 본 연구는 자원 제약 엣지 디바이스에서의 지속적 모델 적응 가능성을 제시한다.

In microcontroller unit (MCU) environments, continual learning faces the dual challenges of catastrophic forgetting when learning new tasks and limited memory. This study proposes a memory-efficient continual learning method by combining an adaptive layer selection technique with low-bit quantization. Experimental results show that the proposed adaptive method reduced the forgetting rate by 15.3 percentage points compared to the fixed method within a 384KB budget. SIEF-QPG quantization improved loss variance by 17.1% compared to conventional INT8. Furthermore, the dynamic selection mode achieved an average accuracy 3.8 percentage points higher than the static mode while improving convergence speed by 9.2%. This research demonstrates the feasibility of continuous model adaptation on resource-constrained edge devices.

Background/Objectives: In recent years studies were done to determine the relationship of water content of the soil and its electrical resistivity, devices of different application can be construct using these relationship. The following applications benefitted from these findings like automatic water irrigation, soil moisture test for construction and watering system using soil moisture sensor. Methods/Statistical analysis: This study took advantage of the feature of microcontroller to sense varying resistance and controlling the solenoid water valve. The device is equipped with soil moisture sensor that varies its resistance depending on the conductivity of the soil. When the weather is to hot and the soil is dry, the resistance of the soil increases, if the soil is moist resistance of the soil decreases. Findings: The specific value of resistance was set in the microcontroller that signifies the need to water the plant using solenoid water valve. The controller will automatically open the gate valve of the water source, if the set resistance for watering was reached by the sensor. Improvements/Applications: Since water continuously enters the soil, it changes the resistivity of the soil. When the sensor reaches a resistance set in the microcontroller this will trigger the gate valve to close and signifies wet condition of the soil.

Altitude measurement in fields, forestry and engineering remain essential but still conventional methods of altitude measurement remain challenging. Present altitude measurement methods include height poles for trees and photogrammetric instruments. Both methods remain arduous as either process is both time and money consuming or susceptible to large parallax errors. In this innovative work an altitude and distance calculating device out of potentiometers based on trigonometry was developed. A laser diode was attached to a potentiometer, and the other components were soldered together in a circuit board. Device accuracy and precision was determined. User satisfaction survey was also noted. For the altimeter testing, the lasers were pointed at the top of the object and the device was placed at a 1-meter distance from the base of the object. The device was set to measure different heights from 0.5 m to 2.5m. For the distance sensor, the lasers were pointed at a 1-meter height and the device was set to measure different distances from 0.5m to 2.5m. Three replicates for each trial were performed and device readings were then compared to actual measurements to determine accuracy. Standard deviations of reading were then computed to determine precision. Net Promoter Score was used in order to assess external evaluator feedback. An Arduino based altimeter and distance sensor was successfully fabricated with 94.2 percent degree of accuracy and 95.4 percent precision for height measurement. For the distance sensor, a 91.4% accuracy, and 95.4% precision was determined. The device garnered a net promoter score of 66%.

가시광통신은 기존에 설치된 LED등을 사용하기에 무선통신을 위한 방법 중의 하나이다. 본 논문은 이미지 처리 기술을 이용한 광카메라 통신(OCC: Optical Camera Communications) 기술을 제안한다. LED등은 빠른 속도로 on 및 off를 변경할 능력을 가지고있기에 인간의 눈이 인지할 수 없을 정도로 일정한 조도와 함께 데이터를 전송해야 한다. 하나의 데이터 프레임에서 비트 ‘1’ 및‘0’ 사이의 밝기 불균형에 의해 flickering 문제가 발생한다. Manchester code, 4B6B, 8B10B 및 VPPM과 같은 다양한 Run lengthlimited(RLL) coding 기법이 사용될 수 있지만 LED

Visible Light Communication is one of the promising technologies for wireless communication due to the possibility to useexisting LED lightening infrastructure to transmit data. LED has the ability to turn on and off very fast enough that ourhuman eyes can’t recognize so it can be used to transmit data via visible light along with illumination. But it faces flickerproblem due to the brightness discrepancies between ‘1’ and ‘0’ bit patterns inside a data frame. Various run length limited(RLL) coding scheme like Manchester code, 4B6B, 8B10B or VPPM can be used to solve flickering problem. So we proposepseudo Manchester codding which can transmit data without modifying LED modulator and demodulator circuit as well assolve flickering problem.

This paper presents a CoAP(Constrained Application Protocol) implementation in an I-Safety IoT Platform for indoor safety services to users in home network environment. CoAP is a compact web transfer protocol based on REST(Representational State Transfer) architecture and designed to be over datagram-oriented transport such as UDP. Also, it designed a succinct header and a simple parsing algorithm so it is suitable for constrained nodes and networks. In this paper, a CoAP implementation has been developed in Linux and runs on Contiki OS. A development verification of it can confirm using a web browser.

최근 생활 속에서 다양하게 사용되어 지고 있는 IoT 제품들 중 모터를 사용하고 있는 제품이 늘고 있다. 이에 다중의 모터를 손쉽게 제어할 수 있는 마이크로컨트롤러유닛의 개발과 이를 제어할 수 있는 어플리케이션을 개발하여 다양한 곳에 사용되고 있는 모터들을 본 연구를 통해 개발된 마이크로컨트롤러유닛을 이용하여 제어 가능하게 하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 본 연구는 마이크로컨트롤러유닛을 개발하기 위해 아두이노 보드를 기본으로 하였고, 아두이 노에 블루투스 모듈과 지그비 모듈 그리고 모터컨트롤러를 연결하여 하드웨어를 개발하였다. 또한 이를 제어하기 위해 어플리케이션을 개발하였으며 어플리케이션의 디자인을 진행하였다. 이렇게 개발된 마이크로컨트롤러유닛과 어플리케 이션은 전동커튼, 전동블라인드, 로봇 및 다양한 IoT제품에 응용될 수 있기를 기대한다. 또한 향후 연구를 통해 스테핑 모터 외의 다양한 모터를 제어할 수 있는 하드웨어 개발이 이어질 것이다.

In recent years, among the IoT products that are used in various ways in everyday life, motorized products are increasing. This study aims to develop a microcontroller unit that can easily control multiple motors and develop an application that makes use of this microcontroller unit. The basis of the hardware developed by the research was the Arduino board, and to it, the Bluetooth module, Zigbee module, and a motor driver were connected. To control the device, an application was designed. The final microcontroller unit and its application may be applied to electric curtains, electric blinds, robots, and other various IoT products. Further research will lead to hardware development that can control various types of motors other than stepping motors.

Recently, the development of Machine to Machine (M2M) communication has been largely accomplished in a variety of fields including smart home. In M2M communication, the role of sensor node is only limited to gather data and send them to upper application layers. In this research, the limited role of the sensor node in traditional M2M communication is improved in order for the sensor node to make inference based on the sensor data. If the sensor node can make inference, it is possible to provide basic context-aware services within sensor node level. Therefore, in this paper, implementation of rule-based inference system on microcontroller for smart home is proposed.

The main purpose of the research was to develop an Automatic Weather Station (AWS) data logger using microcontroller Netduino. It will be useful to each sector which affected by weather. This research implement a telemetry system on Netduino logger in purpose to place it on remote area application, beside the study was developed a switching channel method to expand the number of I/O analog pin on Netduino. A correction factor resulted by data analysis during calibration and validation using linear regression method was “0.8594x + 4.7486” with R2 = 0.9367. This research conclude that processing analog signal on Netduino has an alteration between its real value even not significantly, some treatment has implemented to reduce the error of data output, with using good power resource and moving averaging on each data reads (FAH).

Based on microcontroller, an audio source switcher which can be used for medium wave transmitter is proposed in this paper. According to the default priority, the proposed switcher can correctly realize the function of switch among other signal channels when the current audio source is in transmission fault. In order to improve the stability and practical value, the switcher can correctly distinguish the statuses of speech pause and transmission fault according to default time. Moreover, the trap filter is also used in switcher to inhabit the high frequency interference of transmitting station. It is expected that this switcher has potential application in future.

Recent impact of 4th industrial revolution is increasing usage of IoT technology along with smartphones and tablet PC. However blue light emitted from electronic devices such as smartphones and tablet PC causes detrimental change to human bodies. As the controversy over the harmfulness of blue light became known through the media and various communities, related markets were formed, and various blocking films, software, and vision protection monitors were released. In this paper focuses on utilizing IoT technology to protect human organizations from blue light. It presents anti-blue light system which prevents excessive exposure to blue light through Arduino module such as ultrasound, piezo buzzer and blue light measurement module.

Factory monitoring systems are gaining importance in wide areas of industry. Especially, there have been many efforts in implementation of vibration measurement and analysis for monitoring the status of rotating machines. In this paper, a digital signal processor (DSP) based monitoring system dedicated to the vibration monitoring and analysis on rotating machines is discussed. Vibration signals are acquired and processed for the continuous monitoring of the machine status. Time domain signals and fast Fourier transform (FFT) are used for vibration analysis. All of the signal processing procedures are done in the DSP to reduce the production and maintenance cost. The developed system could also provide remote and mobile monitoring capabilities to operator via internet connection. This paper describes the overview of the functional blocks of the implemented system. Test results based on signals from small-size single phase motors are discussed for monitoring and defect diagnosis of the machine status.

Shrimp farming is one of the most important aqua cultural activities, but farmers are facing many serious problems like shrimp diseases partly due to problems with the shrimp having to cope with poor water quality during cultivation. After the long survey with the farmers in different regions about their practices in farming methods, the current paper provides some solutions to ensure our product Auto Switch Aqua Feeder 1(ASAF1) with new technologies replace with automation of the farming methods with their traditional practicing methods unchanged, and designed a user interface convenient and compactable for farming. User interface design, and timer controls are implemented on dsPIC30F5011 for automation of feeding methods and substantially reducing the labor cost and improve the quality of commodity.

This paper presents the design and development of a microcontroller based heartbeat and body temperature monitor using fingertip and temperature sensor. The device uses the optical technology to detect the flow of blood through the finger and offers the advantage of portability over conventional recording systems. However, wireless body area network based remote patient monitoring systems have been presented with numerous problems including efficient data extraction and dynamic tuning of data to preserve the quality of data transmission. Evaluation of the device on real signals shows accuracy in heartbeat measurement, even under intense physical activity. This paper presents these challenges as well as solution to these problems by proposing an architecture which allows a network to be formed between the patient and doctor in order to enable remote monitoring of patient by analyzing the data of patient. The device consists of sensors which are used to measure heartbeat as well as body temperature of a patient and it is controlled by a central unit. The readings from these sensors are further processed and sent via GSM module to a remote location where it is displayed on cell phone. The optical heartbeat sensor counts the heartbeat per minute and temperature sensor measures the temperature from the body and both the measured data are sent to a receiving end utilizing wireless technology where the data is displayed in a cell phone for further processing and patient care. Moreover, the superiority of this device is shown in comparison to traditional system.

Conventional mechanical switching of household electrical appliances is location bound. It is not without limitations such as arcing, bouncing, heat, noise and needs to directly ‘ON’ and ‘OFF’ the switch manually at every time of need. This paper present Bluetooth based switching automation of domestic electrical powered appliances through application software on android phone platform. The system makes switching boundless within the Bluetooth 10m coverage. The design was done in two major stages: hardware and software. The hardware involved the physical construction of the system while the software was the programming design of the application to suite android phone.

This paper presents a design and implementation of real time electrical energy computing tool to measure and record the electrical energy based on type of detection devices, Hall Effect current sensor and Microcontroller. The tool was installed on the system power supply of the room and compared with kWh meter. Finally, we found that the energy record has error of average power calculating results is 0.077%.

Gesture Controlled Robot is a robot that can be moved according to our limb movements. All we need to do is just wear a gesture device which consists of a sensor such as accelerometer. The sensor mounted on your hand will judge the movement of hand in a particular direction which will result in the movement of the robot in the direction of the hand movement. In this era of modern technology, technology has decreased working hours and has made complicated operations more effortless. Robotics is a very vast field that has helped us make some wonderful machines that assist us in our daily lives or even commercially. Typical industrial robots usually perform tasks that are difficult, dangerous, too complex or dull. They lift heavy weights, and a lot of manual work such as welding can be done using robots. They can perform the same course of action in lesser time with more accuracy. This robotic arm is focused on developing a device by interfacing the hardware with software and creating something which makes the performance of complicated activities comfortable. Though the working of a robotic arm is very simplified, the implementation of this arm requires a good knowledge of Engineering Mechanics, Arduino platform, Electronics Devices mainly sensors and Embedded Systems as well.