Earticle

이 글은 전근대 의학지식의 형성 과정을 탐구하고자 작성되었다. 본문에서는 중국의 의서인 『태평성혜방(太平聖惠方)』의 신효결명산(神效決明散)이 한반도에 전래된 후의 경과 과정을 추적하였다. 신효결명산은 맹인에 가깝게 시신경이 위축된 증상을 치료하는 처방이다. 고려의 『향약구급방』에서는 시력이 심각하게 약화되는 증상을 동아시아의학의 이론에 따라서 ‘청맹(靑盲)’으로 규정하였다. 그리고 ‘순무의 씨앗[眞菁実]’이라는 향명(鄕名)의 만청자로 치료하도록 처방하였다. 주변에서 쉽게 구할 수 있는 약물로서, 향약(鄕藥)의 초기 모습이었다. 하지만 고려에서는 이미 승려와 무당과 점쟁이들이 실명의 원인과 대응법을 나름대로 제시하고 있었다. 따라서 신효결명산의 수용을 둘러싸고, 불교⋅도교⋅무속 등에 의존하던 종교신앙적인 대응과 병리학⋅본초학 이론으로 무장한 동아시아의학 사이에는 경쟁이 벌어졌다. 물론 청맹에 대한 의학적인 대응으로 신효결명산만이 제시된 것은 아니었다. 이미 『향약구급방』에서는 돼지 쓸개[猪膽] 처방도 수록되었다. 조선 세종대까지의 청맹 처방들을 조사해보면 신효결명산 외에도 잠사 처방, 개젖 처방 등등이 출현하였다. 동아시아의학 내부에서도 처방들 사이에 경쟁이 벌어졌던 것이다. 그러나 16세기 말부터는 신효결명산이 보이지 않는다. 대신 가감발운산, 양간원, 본사방양간원, 정전양간원, 상지전탕 등이 등장하였다. 조선전기에 약재 생산이 활성화된 덕분이었다. 즉 신뢰를 바탕으로 『향약구급방』에 수록되었던 신효결명산은 수백 년 동안 사용되면서 친숙해졌으나, 새로운 처방들이 지닌 신뢰에 밀려 도태되었다. 이렇게 본다면 처방이나 의료체계의 선택요인은 친밀도, 신뢰도, 제반 비용 등이었다.

This article is intended to explore the formation of Medical knowledge in the pre-modern era. I tracked the progress of Sinhyogyeolmyeongsan(神效決明散) of Taepyeongseonghyebang(太平聖惠方), Chinese medical book, after it had introduced into the Korean Peninsula. Sinhyogyeolmyeongsan is a prescription to treat the symptoms of atrophy of the optic nerve close to the blind. In Goryeo's Hyangyakgugupbang(鄕藥救急方), the symptom of severely weakened vision was defined as ‘Optic nerve atrophy(靑盲)’ according to the theory of East Asian medicine. And it was prescribed to be treated with turnip seeds(蔓菁子) produced in Goryeo. However, monks, shamans, and fortune-tellers of Goryeo were already presenting their own cause for blindness and how to respond. Thus, there was a competition between religious responses that relied on Buddhism, Taoism, and shamanism, and East Asian medicine armed with pathology and herbal theory, over the acceptance of Sinhyogyeolmyeongsan. Of course, Sinhyogyeolmyeongsan was not the only medical response to Optic nerve atrophy. In Hyangyakgugupbang, a prescription for pig gallbladder(猪膽) had already been included with Sinhyogyeolmyeongsan. And the prescription for sleeping silkworm and prescription for dog's milk appeared when investigating the prescriptions for Optic nerve atrophy up to the reign of King Sejong in Joseon. So there was also competition among prescriptions inside East Asian medicine. However, Sinhyogyeolmyeongsan was not seen from the end of the 16th century. Instead, a variety of other prescriptions appeared. In other words, Sinhyogyeolmyeongsan based on trust, became familiar after hundreds of years of use, but was wiped out by the trust of new prescriptions. In this way, the choice factors of prescription or medical system are familiarity, trust, and cost. The combination of these three factors determines the fate of prescription and medical system.

The digitization of traditional medical knowledge in Tanzania will greatly enhance its preservation and dissemination. This is especially important given the challenges facing the current methods of preserving and managing such knowledge. This study presents the requirements engineering approaches and requirements for a web-mobile application that would successfully digitize indigenous knowledge of phytomedicine and relevant practitioners licensing and registration processes. To establish the requirements of such a digital system application, the study sought the opinion of 224 stakeholders whose suggestions were used to analyze and model the requirements for designing such a web-mobile tool. The study was carried out in Arusha, Kagera and Dar es Salaam regions of Tanzania which involved ethnobotanical researchers, herb practitioners, curators from herbaria and registrar officers from Traditional and Alternatives Health Practice Council. Structured interview, survey, observation and document review were employed to find out the basic functional and non-functional requirements for possible designing and implementation a web-mobile application that would digitize indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants. The requirements were modelled using the use case and context diagrams. Finally, the study came up with a list of items for both functional and non-functional requirements that can be used as guidelines to develop a web-mobile application that will capture and document traditional medical knowledge of medicinal plants in Tanzania and, enabling relevant authorities to regulate and manage stakeholders.

Purpose This study investigated Korean medical students’ knowledge about and attitudes towards plagiarism according to their commission of plagiarism. Furthermore, the institutional environment regarding plagiarism was assessed. Methods A questionnaire provided by Turnitin was distributed to 67 first-year medical students of Hallym University, Korea in December 17, 2015 through SurveyMonkey, a web survey platform. Of the 67 subjects, responses from 60 students (89.6%) were analyzed with descriptive statistics and a comparative analysis. Results The respondents’ average knowledge level about plagiarism, measured as the item difficulty index for the relevant 8 items, was 0.658 (maximum 1). More than half did not know where they could find guidance about how to reference others’ work. They were only a little confident (41.7%) or not confident (11.7%) in referencing others’ work. They felt that plagiarism was not dealt with seriously at the university (53.3%). Eighty percent of students wanted their instructors to use text-matching software to check students’ work, and many of them thought that text-matching software helps them to spend more time making sure that references are correct (48.3%). Forty-six (75.4%) students reported having copied and pasted from the internet for their work without citing the original work. There were no significant differences in knowledge about plagiarism, attitudes towards classmates who plagiarize, or recommended actions against classmates who plagiarize according to whether students had committed plagiarism. Conclusion The medical students’ knowledge about plagiarism was insufficient. This medical school should introduce more intensive training on how to correctly reference others’ work and on the concept of plagiarism.

Purpose: This study investigated the knowledge, performance, and barrier awareness of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) medical staff concerning the prevention and management of Pain, Agitation/Sedation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep Disruption (PADIS) in critically ill adult patients, and aimed to identify the factors influencing the performance of evidence-based PADIS management. Methods: This cross-sectional and correlational study included 189 medical staff (17 physicians, 172 nurses) working in ICUs in two hospitals and recruited between July 13 and 31, 2022. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with the PADIS-related performance of medical staff. Results: The evidence-based performance level for PADIS prevention and management had a mean score of 3.55±0.37 out of 5 points, and the mean knowledge score was 28.23±3.00 out of 33 points. The mean awareness score for barriers to implementing PADIS prevention and management guidelines was 2.91±0.39 out of 5 points. Multiple regression analysis indicated that knowledge of delirium (β=.19, p=.014) and awareness of barriers within the individual domains of medical staff (β=-.20, p=.034) significantly influenced PADIS-related performance. Conclusion: To implement evidence-based practices for the prevention and management of PADIS, steps should be taken to improve the knowledge and awareness of medical staff regarding PADIS. This could be improved through organizational support, such as systematic education and staffing. Specifically, an education program centered on delirium could significantly improve PADIS-related knowledge and performance.

14세기 영국의 시인 초서는 자신의 캔터베리 이야기에서 아프리카 출신의 콘 스탄티니누스(Constantinus Africanus )를 저주받을 수도승이라고 비난했다. 이 논문은 이러한 비난이 어떤 배경에서 이루어졌는지에 관한 의문에서 출발한다. 11세기 말 아프리카에서 이탈리아 남부로 이주한 그는 베네딕투스 수도승이 되 었고, 이슬람 의서를 라틴어로 번역했다. 그가 번역한 여러 의서 중 [성교에 관 하여 De Coitu ]가 기독교 사회에 파문을 일으켰던 것이다. 11세기 이후 13세기 까지 유럽은 의학뿐만 아니라 다양한 학문 분야의 아랍어 저서를 라틴어로 번 역했다. 새로운 학문과 지식의 수용에는 저항이 있었다. 특히 성교에 관한 이슬 람 의학 지식은 중세 기독교의 성 윤리와 극단적으로 배치되었다. 이 논문은 중 세 기독교 성 윤리와 이슬람의 의학 지식이 어떤 측면에서 달랐고, 이러한 차이 가 어떤 결과를 낳았는지를 분석하려고 한다. 기독교가 처음부터 성교를 포함한 성 문제를 억압적인 관점에서 다루지 않았 지만, 중세 후반으로 갈수록 성에 대한 교회의 태도는 강경해져 갔다. 성교는 에덴동산에서의 추방에 따른 벌이었고, 그래서 즐거운 행위가 되어서는 결코 안 되었다. 합법적인 부부 사이에서만 가능했고, 그 목적도 즐거움이 아니라 재생 산이어야 한다고 교회는 역설했다. 그런 이유로 교회는 이 수치스러운 행위를 가급적 피하라고 말하면서, 성교가 허용된 날을 명시하기도 했다. 반면 11-13 세기 유럽에 번역 소개된 이슬람 의서들은 성교에 대한 긍정적인 지식을 제공 했다. 성교는 즐거운 것이며, 여러 질병을 치료하는 수단으로 활용할 수 있다고 가르쳤다. 이처럼 성교를 바라보는 서로 다른 시각과 입장은 갈등을 촉발했고, 그런 연유로 번역 과정에서 일부 내용이 누락되기도 했다. 이 논문에서 밝히지 는 못했지만, 새로운 지식의 유입은 중세 기독교 사회의 인식을 조금씩 변화시 키는데 일정정도 기여했다.

In his The Cantebury Tales, the 14th century English poet Geoffrey Chaucer denounced Constantine the African as a damned monk. This article starts with the question of against what background this accusation was made. Moving from Africa to Southern Italy at the end of the 11th century, Constantine became a Benedictine monk and translated Arabic medical texts into Latin. Among the many medical books he translated, [De coitu ] proved to be the most scandalous in Christian society. From the 11th century to the 13th century, Christian Europe translated Arabic writings in various fields of the sciences, including medicine, into Latin. There was resistance to the acceptance of new science and knowledge. In particular, Islamic medical knowledge about sexual intercourse was at odds with Medieval Christian sexual morals and ethics. This article attempts to analyze in what respect the Medieval Christian sexual ethics and Islamic medical knowledge differed, and what results these differences produced. Even though from the beginning, Christianity had not dealt with sexual issues (including sexual intercourse) from an oppressive point of view, the church’s attitudes towards sexual intercourse came to be more and more oppressive. The church argued that sexual intercourse was a punishment following the expulsion from the Garden of Eden and, as such, was never to be a pleasurable act. It was permitted only for legally married couples and the church emphasized that its purpose should be reproduction, not pleasure. For that reason, the church declared that Christians should avoid this shameful act as much as possible, and even specified the days when sexual intercourse was permitted. On the other hand, Islamic medical texts translated and introduced to Europe in the 11th to 13th centuries provided positive knowledge about sexual intercourse. In these texts, it was taught that sexual intercourse was pleasurable and that it could be used as a cure for many ailments. These different perspectives and positions on sexual intercourse sparked conflict, and for that reason, some content was omitted in the process of translations. Although this article does not explain it in detail, the influx of new knowledge that was not omitted in translation contributed, to a certain extent, to gradually changing the perceptions of medical and sexual knowledge in Medieval Christian society.

The medical industry is rapidly evolving into a combination of artificial intelligence (AI) and ICT technology, such as mobile health, wireless medical, telemedicine and precision medical care. Medical artificial intelligence can be diagnosed and treated, and autonomous surgical robots can be operated. For smart medical services, data such as medical information and personal medical information are needed. AI is being developed to integrate with companies such as Google, Facebook, IBM and others in the health care field. Telemedicine services are also becoming available. However, security issues of medical information for smart medical industry are becoming important. It can have a devastating impact on life through hacking of medical devices through vulnerable areas. Research on medical information is proceeding on the necessity of privacy and privacy protection. However, there is a lack of research on the practical measures for protecting medical information and the seriousness of security threats. Therefore, in this study, we want to confirm the research trend by collecting data related to medical information in recent 5 years. In this study, smart medical related papers from 2014 to 2018 were collected using smart medical topics, and the medical information papers were rearranged based on this. Research trend analysis uses topic modeling technique for topic information. The result constructs topic network based on relation of topics and grasps main trend through topic.

Background: Ionizing radiation is widely used as a diagnostic and treatment tool in healthcare. Nurses play a significant role in healthcare environments, accompanying patients during examinations, including exposure to inward X-ray procedures, and requiring them to keep up with radiation safety protocols. This study aims to assess the radiation knowledge and understanding of the ionizing radiation physics, protection, and safety principles of the associated hazards among nurses. Enhancing safety culture and establishing standardized guidelines at both national and international levels are crucial for developing radiation protection measures for nurses. Materials and Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, a validated self-administered survey was conducted in person with 40 nurses at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Jeddah. The Healthcare Professional Knowledge of Radiation Protection (HPKRP) scale is distributed via an online platform using Google Forms. Data were analyzed using JMP Pro 14 software (SAS Institute Inc. ; 1989–2019). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to evaluate associations related to the HPKRP scale. Results and Discussion: Nurses reported the highest knowledge level in safe ionizing radiation guidelines, with a mean of 6.26±2.74. The second highest is radiation protection with 5.97± 3.00, but low knowledge levels in radiation physics and radiation use principle have a mean of 4.15±2.60. The SEM explained significant direct pathways were knowledge/safety and knowledge/ protection (p<0.001), but also a significant indirect pathway to knowledge/principle (p=0.035). Conclusion: Previous research in Saudi Arabia has investigated nurses’ awareness of radiation; however, none have used the HPKRP scale, indicating a gap that warrants further investigation. This study highlighted the crucial role of radiation education for healthcare organizations to enhance the knowledge and training standards for all nurses who work with or are exposed to ionizing radiation.

Background/Objectives: This study aims to present basic data for developing an intervention strategy to prevent safety accidents in medical institutions of Korea. Methods/Statistical analysis: Data collection was conducted for 197 health workers at four hospitals in 2021. Data analysis was performed using frequency, percentage, independent t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression. Findings: The educational background (p<.051), work experience (p<.05), and salary level (p<.05) were found to have a significant effect on the awareness, and the explanatory power was 10.5%. The educational background (p<.001), work experience (p<.05), and salary level (p<.05) had a significant effect on the knowledge and the explanatory power was 13.8%. Improvements/Applications: In the future, it is necessary to develop an intervention program to increase the awareness level and response knowledge of safety accidents among medical institution workers, and repeated studies are needed to identify factors that affect this.

본 연구에서는 의료 질의응답 환경에서 거대 언어 모델이 보이는 환각 문제와 정확도 한계를 완화하는 방안으로 지식 그래프 기반 Retrieval-Augmented Generation 구조의 효과를 분석하였다. GPT-2와 LLaMA-2 모델을 대상으로 객관식 질의응답 데이터 세트인 MedMCQA와 서술형 질의응답 데이터 세트인 PubMedQA를 활용하여 실험을 수행하였으며, PrimeKG와 PubMedQA 지식 그래프를 적용하였다. 실험 결과 지식 그래프를 결합한 모델은 기본 모델 대비 정량적인 성능 향상을 보였다. MedMCQA 데이터 세트에서는 GPT-2 모델의 정확도가 0.2596에서 0.2737로 향상되었으며, PubMedQA 데이터 세트에서는 LLaMA-2 모델의 정확도가 0.3838에서 0.43으로 증가하였다. 또한 서술형 답변의 문장 의미 유사도는 GPT-2의 경우 0.7041, LLaMA-2의 경우 0.8116까지 향상되어 지식 그래프 기반 외부 지식이 생성 품질 개선에 기여함을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 질의응답 유형과 요구되는 전문 지식 수준에 따라 외부 지식 활용 효과가 다르게 나타날 수 있음을 보여주며, 의료와 같이 전문성이 요구되는 환경에서 지식 그래프 기반 접근이 LLM의 응답 신뢰성과 정확도를 향상시키는데 효과적일 수 있음을 시사한다.

This study analyzes the effectiveness of a knowledge graph based Retrieval-Augmented Generation framework as a means to mitigate hallucination issues and accuracy limitations observed in large language models in medical question answering environments. Experiments were conducted using GPT-2 and LLaMA-2 models on the MedMCQA dataset for multiple-choice question answering and the PubMedQA dataset for descriptive question answering, incorporating PrimeKG and a PubMedQA-based knowledge graph. Experimental results show that models integrated with knowledge graphs achieved measurable performance improvements compared to their baseline counterparts. On the MedMCQA dataset, the accuracy of the GPT-2 model improved from 0.2596 to 0.2737, while on the PubMedQA dataset, the accuracy of the LLaMA-2 model increased from 0.3838 to 0.43. In addition, sentence-level semantic similarity of descriptive answers improved to 0.7041 for GPT-2 and 0.8116 for LLaMA-2, indicating that knowledge graph-based external knowledge contributes to enhancing generation quality. These findings suggest that the effectiveness of external knowledge utilization may vary depending on the question answering format and the level of domain expertise required. Furthermore, the results imply that knowledge graph-based approaches can be effective in improving the reliability and accuracy of LLM responses in medical environments where specialized knowledge is essential.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out how much influence nursing students’ environmental consciousness and knowledge of medical waste have on their attitudes toward medical waste. Methods: The subjects were 211 nursing students recruited from 2 universities. Data were collected with a structured self-report questionnaire comprising measures of environmental consciousness, and knowledge of and attitude toward medical waste. Data analysis was conducted with the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program. Results: A total of 211 copies of the questionnaire were used for the final analysis, except for 9 untrusted responses out of 220 that included missing values. Those subjects’ environmental consciousness who received environmental education in middle and high schools was higher (t=3.15, p=.002). The higher their grades, the better their knowledge of medical waste (F=3.40, p=.035). Those subjects’ knowledge of medical waste who received medical waste education was relatively high (t=3.14, p=.002). Those subjects with clinical practice experience had more sensitive attitudes toward medical waste (t=2.06, p=.041). Those subjects’ attitudes toward Medical waste who received medical waste education at the universities were relatively high (t=2.04, p=.043). The subjects’ environmental consciousness was positively correlated with their attitudes toward medical waste (r=.44, p<.001). The most influential factor in their attitudes toward medical waste is their environmental attitudes and medical waste education. Conclusion: The higher the nursing students’ environmental consciousness, the higher their attitudes toward medical waste. It is necessary to provide environment and medical waste education for nursing students in order to strengthen their environmental consciousness and attitude toward medical waste.

Purpose : To survey relationships between health literacy, disease-related knowledge and compliance to medical recommendations in patients with hypertension. Methods: The subjects were 315 patients conveniently selected from public health centers in Gangwon province. Data were collected through a questionnaire (from January 10, 2013 to February 10, 2013) and analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test and Pearson's correlation coefficient using the PASW statistics 18.0 program. Results: There were significant differences in health literacy according to age, marital status, monthly family income and education. In regard to disease-related knowledge, there were significant differences according to gender, marital status and monthly family income. There were positive correlations between health literacy and disease-related knowledge (r = .39, p = <.001), disease-related knowledge and compliance to medical recommendations (r = .28, p = <.001). However, there was no correlation between health literacy and compliance to medical recommendations. Conclusion: Health literacy and disease-related knowledge have a significantly positive correlation. Further studies are needed to confirm the effects of health literacy on chronic diseases.

본 연구는 세계 최대의 의학도서관인 미국 국립의학도서관과 국내 국립의학도서관인 국립의과학지식센터 서비스 비교·분석을 통해 그 개선점 제언을 목적으로 수행되었다. 개선해야 할 핵심적인 서비스는 주제특화 서비스, 지역사회 서비스, 이용자 유형별 서비스, 교육 서비스, 기술 및 시설·공간 서비스, 연구지원 서비스, 마케팅 및 홍보와 협력 서비스이다. 주제특화 서비스와 대국민 서비스는 전문도서관에서도 점차 많은 관심을 가지고 있다. 이용자 유형별 서비스를 통한 접근의 효율성이 필요하며 대상의 제한을 두지 않는 다양한 유형의 교육 서비스도 필요하다. AI, 가상현실 그리고 장애인 지원을 위한 기술·시설·공간 서비스, 연구윤리와 연구 보조금 및 프로그램 중심의 연구지원 서비스, 국내외 관종별도서관, 타 관련 분야 학회, 기관, 지역사회와의 협력 서비스를 통한 마케팅 및 홍보도 필요하다.

This study was conducted with the purpose of providing suggestions for improvement through a comparison and analysis of the services of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, the world's largest medical library, and the National Center for Medical Information and Knowledge, Korea's national medical library. Core services that need to be improved are topic-specific services, community services, services by user type, educational services, technology, facility/space services, research support services, and marketing and public relations and cooperation services. Specialized libraries are also increasingly interested in topic-specific services and public services. Efficiency in access through services for each type of user is needed, and various types of educational services that do not limit the target audience are also needed. Marketing through AI, virtual reality, and technology, facility, and space services to support the disabled, research support services centered on research ethics, research grants, and programs, and collaborative services with domestic and international libraries, academic societies, institutions, and local communities in other related fields and publicity are also needed.

본 연구는 공공의료기관에 근무하는 간호사의 감염 표준주의지침에 대한 지식, 안전환경, 수행도를 조사하고 표준주의지침에 대한 수행도에 미치는 영향 요인을 확인하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구방법은 S시, N시의 2개의 공공의료기관 간호사 192명을 대상으로 설문지를 통해 자료를 수집하였고 SPSS WIN 22.0 통계프로그램을 사용하여 결과를 분석하였다. 연구결과 표준주의지침 지식은 근무경력에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었으며 표준주의지침 안전환경은 직위에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 표준주의지침 지식 정도는 평균 21.98(25점 만점), 안전환경은 평균 5.68(7점 만점), 수행도는 평균 40.28(60점 만점)이었으며, 표준주의지침 안전환경과 표준주의지침 수행도(r=.21, p<0.01)는 유의한 양의 상관관계가 있었다. 표준주의지침 수행도에 미치는 영향요인은 표준주의지침 안전환경(𝛽=.22, p=.003)으로 나타났다. 따라서 공공의료기관에서 간호사의 감염관리를 위한 표준주의지침 수행도를 증진 시키기 위해서는 재정적 지원 및 지지적 안전환경을 제공하고 현 상황을 고려한 차별화된 감염관리 교육프로그램과 모니터링이 요구된다.

This study is a descriptive research to investigate the, safety environment, and performance of nurses working in public medical institutions on standard precautions for infection, and to identify factors affecting the performance of standard precautions for infection. As for the research method, data were collected through a questionnaire on 192 nurses from two public medical institutions in S city and N city, and the results were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 22.0 statistical program. From the research results, there was a significant difference in the knowledge of standard precautions according to work experience, and there was a significant difference in the safety environment of standard precautions according to the position. The average level of knowledge of standard precautions was 21.98/25 points, the average safety environment was 5.68/7 points, and the average performance was 40.28/60 points. There was a significant positive correlation between the safety environment of standard precautions and the performance of standard precautions (r=.21, p<0.01). The affecting factor on the performance of standard precautions was found to be the safety environment of standard precautions(𝛽=.22, p=.003). Therefore, to improve the performance of standard precautions for nurses' infection control in public medical institutions, Different and persistent infection management educational programs that consider the Historical situation and monitoring are required other than providing financial support and supportive safety environment.

전자 건강 기록 데이터에서 구축된 의료 지식 그래프는 의료 코드 간의 관계를 담고 있으며, 이를 통해 환자에 대한 포괄적인 이해를 제공한다. 위와 같은 특성으로 인해 지식 그래프를 진단 예측 작업 에 활용할 수 있으며, 기존의 연구들에서 지식 그래프를 활용하는 것이 진단 예측 작업의 정확성 및 해석성을 효과적으로 향상 시킬 수 있다는 것이 입증되었다. 하지만 지식 그래프는 효과적인 의학적 관계 외에도 잘못된 관계와 같은 잡음을 포함하고 있으며, 모든 의학적인 관계를 포함하지는 못한다는 불완전성 또한 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 몇몇 연구들은 의료 지식 그래프에서 진 단과 무관한 노드 및 관계를 마스킹하는 것으로 잡음을 필터링하는 방법을 제안하였다. 하지만 기존의 연구들의 경우 환자 개개인의 지역적인 관점에서의 특성을 중점적으로 다루었으며, 이러한 접근은 환 자 집단의 전역적인 관점에서 공유되는 핵심적인 특성을 고려하지 못할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서 는 프로토타입과 그래프 대조 학습 방법을 활용하여 환자의 지역적인 관점뿐만 아니라 환자 집단의 전역적인 관점에서 의료 지식 그래프를 정제하고, 효과적인 표현을 추출하는 방법을 사용할 것을 제안 한다.

This study considers a case of collaborative translation of an English medical textbook that took place during Korea’s modernization process in the late 19th and early 20th century. The transmission of Western medical knowledge in Korea is associated with the rise of Christian missionary movement, expansion of Japanese colonial governance and changes in local attitudes concerning Western knowledge and institutions. In this study, we explore the visibility of two translators affiliated with Chechungwŏn (House of Universal Helpfulness), Korea’s first royal Western-style hospital and medical school that was operated by Protestant missionaries. Based on an analysis of Korean translation of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, originally written by John M. Bruce, and drawing on the concepts of "paratextual visibility" and "extratextual visibility" (Koskinen 2000), we argue that different levels of translator visibility are identified with regard to Oliver Avison and Pil-Soon Kim, the two translators of the source text. Compared to his Korean collaborator, Avison, a medical specialist, missionary, and a man from the "Western civilization," is identified as having higher paratextual and extratextual visibility resulting from his relatively high social position and status in late Chosun society; however, Kim, despite his comparatively low extratextual visibility during and shortly after the time of translation, is anlayzed as having moderately high paratextual visibility due to his expertise concerning matters associated with translation method and strategy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify levels of knowledge, need, and usage of medical terminology in clinical nurses. Methods: Participants for this study consisted of 127 clinical nurses who work at one general hospital located in Seoul in Korea. The data was collected from April 1st to the 22nd in 2014. Participants responded to self-administered questionnaires about their knowledge, need, and usage of English medical terminology, Chinese character medical terminology, and Korean medical terminology. The data was analyzed using an independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan’s test as post hoc and Pearson’s correlation. Results: The mean scores of knowledge and needs with English medical terminology were high. English medical terminology and Chinese character medical terminology were more useful tools for disease than Korean medical terminology. Knowledge of medical terminology was positively correlated between needs and correct use with the clinical nursing situation. Conclusion: Based on these results, it can be concluded that medical terminology education for bio-nursing curriculum is important for clinical nurses and standardization of essential medical terminology is needed.

This study was designed to identify knowledge and performance level of infection control among oriental medical doctors and nurses and further to identify factors that may influence practice. Methods: Data were collected using the survey method. Two hundred and forty two healthcare workers (HCW) from five oriental medicine university hospitals in Korea (140 physicians and 102 nurses) completed a survey about infection control. The study was conducted from February 1 to 28, 2011. Results: The average knowledge level of infection control among HCW was 0.75 ± 0.13 (score range 0~1) and the average performance level of infection control was 3.16±1.05 (score range 0~5). ‘Disinfection and sterilization’ were ranked the highest in both the knowledge and performance level. In the knowledge level, ‘hand washing/hand hygiene’ were ranked the lowest. ‘Bloodstream infection prevention’was the lowest among the infection control categories in performance. Total average knowledge and performance level of nurses was significantly higher than that of the physicians. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the oriental medical doctors and nurses’knowledge and performance level of infection control differed. The education on infection control is required to oriental medical doctors and nurses and it would contribute to preventing healthcare associated infections in oriental medicine hospitals.

미래 사회로 접어들면서, 건강한 삶의 증대를 위한 노력은 현대인들의 주요 관심 분야이다. 특히, ICT 기술과 경쟁력 있는 의료산업 환경을 융합하여 건강한 삶을 위한 기술 개발은 차세대 성장 동력으로 자리잡고 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 건강 검진 프로세스에서 검진 결과에 대한 인공지능 기반의 데이터 분석을 적용하여 종합 판정의 신뢰성을 향상시킬 수 있는 지식 베이스 모델링을 구축하는 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위해, 딥러닝 분석을 통한 알고리즘을 설계하여 검사 결과지수를 산출, 검증하고, 판정 지식을 통한 종합 검진 정보를 제공하는 모델링을 연구하였다. 제안한 모델링의 적용을 통해, 국민 건강에 대한 빅데이터 분석, 활용이 가능하여 의료비 절감 및 건강 증대의 효과를 기대할 수 있다.

As we enter the society of the future, efforts to increase healthy living are a major area of concern for modern people. In particular, the development of technology for a healthy life that combines ICT technology with a competitive healthcare industry environment is becoming the next growth engine. Therefore, in this paper, artificial intelligence-based data analysis of the examination results was applied in the health examination process. Through this, a research was conducted to build a knowledge base modeling that can improve the reliability of the overall judgment. To this end, an algorithm was designed through deep learning analysis to calculate and verify the test result index. Then, the modeling that provides comprehensive examination information through judgment knowledge was studied. Through the application of the proposed modeling, it is possible to analyze and utilize big data on national health, so it can be expected to reduce medical expenses and increase health.