Earticle

To evolve a management plan for rheumatoid arthritis, it is necessary to understand the patient's symptom experience and disablement process. This paper aims to introduce and critique two models as a conceptual foundation from which to construct a new model for arthritis care. A Disability Intervention Model for Older Adults with Arthritis includes three interrelated concepts of symptom experience, symptom management strategies, and symptom outcomes that correspond to the Theory of Symptom Management. These main concepts influence or are influenced by contextual factors that are situated within the domains of person, environment, and health/illness. It accepts the bidirectional, complex, dynamic interactions among all components within the model representing the comprehensive aspects of the disablement process and its interventions in older adults with rheumatoid arthritis. In spite of some limitations such as confusion or complexity within the model, the Disability Intervention Model for Older Adults with Arthritis has strengths in that it encompasses the majority of the concepts of the twomodels, attempts to compensate for the limitations of the two models, and aims to understand the impact of rheumatoid arthritis on a patient's physical, cognitive, and emotional health status, socioeconomic status, and well-being. Therefore, it can be utilized as a guiding theoretical framework for arthritis care and research to improve the functional status of older adults with rheumatoid arthritis.

In this paper, we select evaluation criteria by construction progress, classify into several categories, and regard potential danger which often occurs, as a evaluation criterion. Further step is to allow workers or collaborated companies to express their expert opinions or experiences and to encourage quality and process control and autonomous safety control by applying PSM method. The reason why PSM method should be quantitative and substantial progress is because it contributes Korean constructing companies to enhancing their safety control ability and to taking an equal stance just like developed countries,' thereby strengthening there competitive edges. Boost of safety control system by PSM method will make an enormous contribution to preventing construction accidents on the site by establishing and securing an autonomous safety control system.

In this study, the cases of Korea and Japan were compared to identify the problems of private participation in disaster management and improvement measures. Comparisons were made in terms of establishing and activities for Participatory network and activity, Organization and resource support, Knowledge information sharing and utilization, and Capacity building through education and training. According to the analysis, problems in Korea include the absence of private organizations to prepare for non-profit disasters, the lack of technology volunteers, the provision of relief supplies without considering the characteristics of consumers, and the lack of regional disaster response manuals. In Japan, problems such as overlapping aid management and lack of relief supplies for women and children have arisen. Improvement measures included establishing a continuous participation guarantee system, expanding participation in disaster management, establishing a relief goods management system, mandatory regional disaster guidance, and creating a private-led disaster training environment.

본 연구의 목적은 시스템 다이나믹스를 활용하여 최근 국내에서 사회적 재난의 하나로 논의되고 있는 미세먼지에 대한 동태적 생애주기 인과지도를 구축하고, 지속가능한 도시 메타볼리즘 패러다 임을 적용한 통합적인 미세먼지 재난관리 틀을 제안하는 것이다. 이러한 목표를 이루기 위해, 본 연구는 미세먼지 및 재난관리와 관련된 이전의 연구들을 통합적으로 검토했다. 결과적으로 본 연구 는 미세먼지 재난의 주요 요인들을 추출하고, 생애주기에 따라 요인 상호 간의 부적 또는 양적 인과 관계를 확인하여 관계가 확인된 변수들을 지속가능 도시메타볼리즘의 주요요소인 경제, 사회, 환경 의 특성 및 새로운 재난 관리단계에 따라 인과지도를 구축하였다. 새롭게 제안하는 재난관리 틀은 기존 재난관리의 단계 틀 보다 분류기준이 명확하고, 재난의 시간적 동태적 특성 및 지속가능성을 반영할 수 있어 미세먼지와 같은 사회적 재난을 미리 예측하고 모니터링하기 용이할 것이며, 이에 따라 정책결정 당국자들이 적절하고 빠르게 재난대응 계획을 수립하고 실행할 수 있게 할 것이다.

This study used system dynamics to build a dynamic life-cycle causal loop diagram for fine dust, one of social disasters recently discussed in Korea in order to propose an integrated disaster management framework for fine dust disaster with a sustainable urban metabolism paradigm. To reach this goal, this study reviewed the previous research related to fine dust and disaster management comprehensively. As a result, this study extracted the major factors of fine dust disaster, checked a mutual causal relationship, and then built a causal loop diagram using variables in each factor according to a sustainable urban metabolism paradigm composed of economic, social and environmental characteristics and a new disaster management framework. The proposed disaster management framework has clearer classification criteria than the existing framework and reflects the time-dynamic characteristics of disasters and sustainability, making it easier to predict and monitor fine dust disaster in advance and enabling policy makers and practitioners to prepare action plans and implement them in an appropriate and prompt manner.

This paper presents a new approach to managing dynamic business process changes based on business process change patterns. We identify and categorize business process change patterns that occur recurrently in a dynamic business environment. Several issues regarding management of process versions are discussed, and a pattern-based version management method for handling process changes more flexibly is explained in detail. We propose a mechanism for abstract process execution with runtime encapsulation of a business process, which can maximize the flexibility of process execution using multiple process versions. In addition, we propose a concept of process promotion and demotion that can dynamically choose an actual version of the process at run-time. With our pattern-based process change management and versioning approach, it is expected that the flexibility and efficiency of BPM systems can be enhanced significantly.

As the utilization of information technology and the turbulence of technological change increase in organizations, the adoption of IT outsourcing also grows to manage IT resource more effectively and efficiently. In this new way of IT management technique, service level management(SLM) process becomes critical to derive success from the outsourcing in the view of end users in organization. Even though much of the research on service level management or agreement have been done during last decades, the performance of the service level management process have not been evaluated in terms of final objectives of the management efforts or success from the view of end-users. This study explores the relationship between SLM maturity and IT outsourcing success from the users' point of view by a analytical case study in four client organizations under an IT outsourcing vendor, which is a member company of a major Korean conglomerate. For setting up a model for the analysis, previous researches on service level management process maturity and information systems success are reviewed. In particular, information systems success from users' point of view are reviewed based the DeLone and McLean's study, which is argued and accepted as a comprehensively tested model of information systems success currently. The model proposed in this study argues that SLM process maturity influences information systems success, which is evaluated in terms of information quality, systems quality, service quality, and net effect proposed by DeLone and McLean. SLM process maturity can be measured in planning process, implementation process and operation and evaluation process. Instruments for measuring the factors in the proposed constructs of information systems success and SL management process maturity were collected from previous researches and evaluated for securing reliability and validity, utilizing appropriate statistical methods and pilot tests before exploring the case study. Four cases from four different companies under one vendor company were utilized for the analysis . All of the cases had been contracted in SLA(Service Level Agreement) and had implemented ITIL(IT Infrastructure Library), Six Sigma and BSC(Balanced Scored Card) methods since last several years, which means that all the client organizations pursued concerted efforts to acquire quality services from IT outsourcing from the organization and users' point of view. For comparing the differences among the four organizations in IT outsourcing sucess, T-test and non-parametric analysis have been applied on the data set collected from the organization using survey instruments. The process maturities of planning and implementation phases of SLM are found not to influence on any dimensions of information systems success from users' point of view. It was found that the SLM maturity in the phase of operations and evaluation could influence systems quality only from users' view. This result seems to be quite against the arguments in IT outsourcing practices in the fields, which emphasize usually the importance of planning and implementation processes upfront in IT outsourcing projects. According to after-the-fact observation by an expert in an organization participating in the study, their needs and motivations for outsourcing contracts had been quite familiar already to the vendors as long-term partners under a same conglomerate, so that the maturity in the phases of planning and implementation seems not to be differentiating factors for the success of IT outsourcing. This study will be the foundation for the future research in the area of IT outsourcing management and success, in particular in the service level management. And also, it could guide managers in practice in IT outsourcing management to focus on service level management process in operation and evaluation stage especially for long-term outsourcing contracts under very unique context like Korean IT outsourcing projects. This study has some limitations in generalization because the sample size is small and the context itself is confined in an unique environment. For future exploration, survey based research could be designed and implemented.

본 연구는 서울시민 인권 헌장을 제정하는 참여적 의사결정 과정 도입에서의 갈등과 위기에 초점을 두고 있다. 새로운 형태의 정부 의사결정은 공공 부문과 민간 부분 간의 상호작용과 파트너십을 강조한다. 시민은 참여를 통해서 시민사회의 자율성과, 시민의 권리를 향상시키게 된다. 참여적 과정 에서의 갈등과 위기와 관련해서, 논문은 다음과 같은 세 가지를 보여준다. 첫째, 갈등과 위기는 그 자체로서 민주적 결정과정이다. 민주적 결정은 다양한 집단 간의 사회적 갈등을 관리하는 민주적 과정에 기초해서 결정된다. 둘째, 시민 헌장 제정에 필요한 시민들의 정서적 합의는 충분한 시간이 필요하며 정부의 노력 또한 필요하다. 셋째, 민주적 절차의 위기에 있어서 제도와 갈등 관리뿐만 아니라 충분한 시간도 매우 중요하다는 것을 확인하였다.

This study focuses on the conflict and crisis in a participatory process of making the Seoul Citizens’ Human Rights Charter. A new form of governmental decision-making process emphasizes interaction and partnership between public and private sectors. Citizens acquire autonomy in civil society and enhance civil rights through participatory governance. Regarding conflict and crisis in a participatory process, this study shows three things as follow. First, conflict and crisis are considered as a democratic process which manages social conflicts among various groups. Second, the emotional consensus among citizens for the enactment of the Charter needs sufficient time and governmental efforts. Third, as for the crisis of democratic procedures, not only institutional conflict management but also sufficient time is of great importance.

본 연구는 프로세스 마이닝 기법을 활용하여 지방자치단체의 재난관리 프로세스를 분석하고, 이를 바탕 으로 효율적이고 효과적인 재난관리체계를 구축하기 위한 개선 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 강원권 A 기초자치단체의 풍수해 대응과 관련된 2022년도 전자결재 문서 1,615건을 대상으로 주요 기능별 빈도, 업무 부하, 대응 소요 시간 등을 정량적으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 특정 기능과 부서에 업무 부하가 집중되며, 일부 대응 절차가 장기화되는 문제가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 개별 재난대응 프로세스 간 구조적 차이가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석 결과를 바탕으로 업무 부하의 완화 및 관리를 통한 재난관리 프로세스의 최적화 방안과 더불어 프로세스 마이닝 기법을 활용한 재난관리체계 고도화의 필요성을 제안하였다. 본 연구는 프로세스 마이닝 기법을 적용하여 지방자치단 체의 재난관리 프로세스를 분석하고, 이에 기반하여 재난대응체계의 효율화를 위한 정책적 시사점을 제공하였다는 점에서 의의가 존재할 것이다.

This study analyzes the disaster management processes of local governments using process mining techniques and proposes measures to establish a more efficient and effective disaster management system. To this end, a quantitative analysis was conducted on 1,615 electronic approval documents related to wind and flood disaster responses from a local government in the Gangwon region in 2022. The analysis revealed that workloads were concentrated in specific functions and departments, and that certain response procedures were unduly prolonged. Additionally, structural differences were identified across individual disaster response processes. Based on these findings, this study proposes an optimization strategy aimed at mitigating excessive workloads and improving workload distribution, while emphasizing the need to enhance disaster management systems through process mining techniques. This study contributes to the field by empirically applying process mining techniques to the analysis of local government disaster management processes and providing practical policy implications for improving disaster response efficiency.

When we think about the economy of the 21st century, globalization and multinational enterprises (MNEs) cannot be ignored. Therefore, my Master Thesis is going to look into Anton Paar, a multinational company that is based both in Austria and South Korea, in this case the mother company is based in Graz Austria and their South Korean subsidiary is based in Seoul. When thinking about an MNE the first step of the company is the internationalization process, the journey of coming to the South Korean market. The obstacles that had to be overcome where in the field of law, language, culture and many more. After looking at the internationalization process that was concerned with external factors, an MNE must turn to some of their internal factors. One of the most important internal factors in a globalized economy is knowledge management. Knowledge management of a MNE must figure out how they will transfer their knowledge from the mother company to their subsidiary, how and if they should adapt their original strategy or use some of the knowledge they gain from the subsidiary in different fields of their mother company and other subsidiaries. Another big concern is the management of knowledge loss and what they will do to enforce their employees to share and transcribe their knowledge. These questions and many more are of utmost importance when it comes to an MNE and their way of working in a globalized economy. In my Master Thesis I will try to answer these questions for the company Anton Paar, via semi structured interviews and an intensive literature review.

Mechanisms can provide useful strategy guide for most emergency coping activities to improve the efficiency of modern emergency management. In this paper, the two major aspects of fundamental mechanism of modern emergency management are introduced firstly. The process optimization mechanism is proposed with a detailed discussion and description of the principle and logic secondly. A circle of procedures for dynamic decision making to optimize the emergency disposal process based on Bayesian approach is developed thirdly. Lastly, a case study is given to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the mechanism.