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The purpose of this investigation is that, the combination of resistance training exercise based on the way cortisol, IGF-1, testosterone and agonist of the iEMG, MEF changes, total momentum was to compare the effects. After the measurement of 1RM from 12 Physical Education Students in good health. Light to Heavy system and Heavy to Light system was conducted at random for them. Blood samples were collected throughout the pre and post. Result of the investment is that cortisol levels were higher in the LTH system, but IGF-1, testosterone, there was no significantly different. After the bench press, pectoralis major muscle, and triceps brachii’s iEMG were significantly higher in the LTH system. In the HTL system from a set of triceps brachii were significantly higher. The result of comparison about total momentum, the LTH system were significantly higher at 1st set, and the HTL system were higher at 2nd and 3rd set. In conclusion, the secretion of cortisol is depending on the degree of stress, in the case of IGF-1, the secretion is activated with low degree of stress. Started from a low-intensity momentum is more effective way.

본 논문에서는 모바일 데이터 처리를 위한 XML 기반 모바일용 RFID 미들웨어 시스템을 구현하였다. 개발된 RFID 미들웨어 시스템은 태그 데이터를 수집하는 모바일 리더 인터페이스, 태그 데이터를 의미있는 데이터로 가공하여 응용인터페이스에게로 전송하는 모바일 필터링 엔진, 그리고 기존 응용과의 인터페이스를 위해 SOAP 응용접근프로토콜을 지원하는 모바일 응용 인터페이스를 설계 구현하였다. 웨어러블 환경을 위해 이동형 핸드헬드 유형의 PDA형 리더를 지원하도록 어댑터 형태로 구현되었다.

We implement the moblie RFID middleware system based on XML for wearable data processing. The implemented middleware system are consist of the moblie reader interface for tag data collection, the moblie filtering emgine for a data filtering, and a mobile application interface for the RFID application using SOAP. The implemented RFID middleware system is to support portable type's reader such as the PDA for the wearable field environments.

Genetic screening is being widely applied to trace the origin of global developmental delay or intellectual disability. The 5q14.3 microdeletion has recently been uncovered as a clinical syndrome presenting with severe intellectual disability, limited walking ability, febrile convulsions, absence of speech, and minor brain malformations. MEF2C was suggested as a gene mainly responsible for the 5q14.3 microdeletion syndrome. We present the case of a 6-year-old girl, who is the first patient in Korea with de novo interstitial microdeletions involving 5q14.3, showing the typical clinical features of 5q14.3 microdeletion syndrome with a smaller size of chromosomal involvement compared to the previous reports. The microdeletion was not detected by subtelomeric multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, but by array comparative genomic hybridization, which is advisable for the detection of a small-sized genetic abnormality.

[PURPOSE] The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different squat exercises on iEMG and MEF on Rectus femoris, biceps femoris and gastrocnemius. [METHODS] In this study, 12 male college students who had more than two years of weight trainingexperience were recruited, and conducted3 sets of three different squat exercises (isometric, isotonic, and jump squats) with 60 seconds rest between sets. The iEMG and MEF were analyzed on three different muscles during these exercises(Rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius). Two way repeated ANOVA was used to find out statistical significance at the level of alpha = .05. [RESULTS] Rectus femoris'siEMG during isotonic and jump squats was greater than that of isometric squat (p<.01, p<.001). iEMG on biceps femoris when performing isotonic and jump squats was significant different from that of isometric squat (p<.01, p<.001). iEMG on gastrocnemius was the highest during jump squat and that of isotonic squat was the second highest, and so on (p<.001). As sets in squat exercises proceeded, iEMG of gastrocnemius during isotonic and jump squats decreased (p<.001). The MEF of bicepsfemoris during isometric squat was the highest and that of jump squat was the second highest. MEF of gastrocnemius during isometric squat was greater than isotonic and jump squats (p<.001). As sets proceeded, MEF of gastrocnemius was increasedduring isotonic and jump squats(p<.001). [CONCLUSIONS] As a result, it is concluded that iEMG during isotonic and jump squats was greater and MEF during isometric squat was higher than the other exercise types, and iEMG during isotonic and jump squats tended to be lower as MEF increased.

운동학 학술지, 2010, 12(4): -79. 중량부하방법에 따른 펙덱 운동 후 벤치프레스 운동시 주동근의 iEMG, MEF 및 근력 비교 . [서론] 본 연구의 목적은 중량부하방법에 따른 펙덱 all-out 선행운동(사전 탈진)을 실시한 후 벤치프레스 운동을 실시하였을 때 나타나는 근전도 반응(iEMG, MEF)과 근력발현의 차이를 검증하는데 있다. [방법] 본 연구의 대상은 저항운동 경험이 6개월 정도인 7명의 남자대학생을 선정하여 1RM을 측정한 다음 본 연구에서 제시된 중량부하강도에 따른 근전도 반응, 펙덱 선행운동 후 10RM 벤치프레스 운동 시 주동근에 나타나는 근전도 반응과 근력발현의 정도를 측정하여 종속 t-test와 급내설계 one-way ANOVA 및 사후비교(contrast)로 분석하였다. [결과] 대흉근의 iEMG는 [펙덱 50%10RM X 벤치프레스 10RM ] 조건이 벤치프레스 10RM ] 조건보다 통계적으로 높았다(p< .05). 상완삼두근의 외측두의 iEMG는 [벤치프레스 10RM ] 조건이 [펙덱 10RM X 벤치프레스 10RM ] 조건과 [펙덱 50%10RM X 벤치프레스 10RM ] 조건보다 통계적으로 낮게 나타났다(p< .05, p< .000). 대흉근의 MEF는 [벤치프레스 10RM 실시] 조건이 [펙덱 10RM X 벤치프레스 10RM ] 조건과 [펙덱 50%10RM X 벤치프레스 10RM] 조건보다 통계적으로 낮았고(p< .05, p< .000), 상완삼두근 장두의 MEF는 [펙덱 50%10RM X 벤치프레스 10RM ] 조건이 [벤치프레스 10RM ] 조건보다 통계적으로 높았다(p< .05). 벤치프레스 10RM 실행 횟수는 [펙덱 50%10RM X 벤치프레스 10RM 실시] 조건이 [펙덱 10RM X 벤치프레스 10RM ] 조건보다 통계적으로 낮게 나타났다(p< .05). [결론] 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 벤치프레스 운동시 대흉근의 근피로도가 높을 때는 상완삼두근의 iEMG가 높아지는 보상효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

KINESIOLOGY, 2010, 12(4): 71-79. The Effect of Adaptation of Exercise Intensity on Agonist iEMG, MEF, and Muscular Strength on the Supine Bench Press after Pec Deck. [INTRODUCTION] The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise intensity on agonist muscle activation, muscle fatigue, and muscular strength on the bench press. [METHOD] Seven healthy college age students participated in this study. All subjects were tested for their one repetition maximum(RM) strength on the supine bench press. Surface electrodes were attached on the belly of the pectoralis major and the bellies of the triceps brachii; long, medial, and lateral head. Normalized iEMG and MEF were collected and compared to three sites on the triceps brachii and measured iEMG and MEF according to the intensity resistance training loading method. One-way ANOVA repeated measurement and t-test were used to identify significant differences between single and multi-joint exercises on the different intensity variables. An alpha level of .05 was used to determine the significance level. [RESULT] 1.the result of the 10RM after pectoralis major single joint all-out pre exercise on the exercise load method showed [bench press 10RM after pec dec 50% 10RM all-out exercise] was higher than [bench press 10RM without pre exercise] in the iEMG of pectoralis major(p<.05). The [bench press 10RM without pre exercise] was lower than [bench press 10RM after pec deck 10RM all out exercise] and [bench press 10RM after pec deck 50% 10RM all out exercise] in the iEMG of the lateral head of the triceps brachii(p<.05, p<.001). The MEF of the pectoralis major on bench press 10RM after pre fatigue exercise showed [bench press 10RM without pre exercise] which was lower than [bench press 10RM after pec deck 10RM all out exercise] and [bench press 10RM after pec deck 50% 10RM all out exercise] (p<.05, p<.001). The long head of the triceps brachii showed [bench press 10RM after pec deck 50% 10RM all out exercise] which was higher than [bench press 10RM without pre exercise] in the EMF(p<.05). 2. the practice number of bench press 10RM after single joint all-out pre exercise on exercise load method showed [bench press 10RM after pec dec 50% 10RM all out exercise] which was lower than [bench press 10RM after pec deck 10RM all out exercise] (p<.05). [CONCLUSION] When the muscle fatigue(MEF) of pectoralis major was high, the muscle activity(iEMG) of triceps brachii became high.

[서론] 본 연구의 목적은 큰가슴근과 위팔세갈래근의 단순관절운동을 통한 사전탈진 운동이 Bench Press 운동 시 근활성도, 근피로도 및 반복횟수를 통해 Bench Press 운동 시 주동근의 역할을 알아보고자 한다. [방법] 본 연구의 대상은 저항운동 경험이 6개월 이상인 14명의 남자대학생을 선정하여 10RM과 50% 10RM강도로 Lying Triceps Extension과 Peck-Deck Fly 사전탈진 운동 후 10RM Bench Press 운동 시 주동근에 나타나는 근전도 반응과 근력발현의 정도를 측정하여 종속 t-test와 one-way ANOVA 및 사후비교(contrast)로 분석하였다. [결과] 첫째, Lying Triceps Extension과 Peck-Deck Fly 운동 시 위팔세갈레근과 큰가슴근의 iEMG는 10RM 강도가 50% 10RM 강도 보다 높게 나타났다(p<.000). 둘째, Lying Triceps Extension과 Peck- Deck Fly 운동 시 위팔세갈래근과 큰가슴근의 MEF는 10RM 강도가 50% 10RM 강도 보다 높게 나타났다(p<.000). 셋째, 10RM Bench Press 운동 시 큰가슴근의 iEMG는 Peck- Deck Fly 사전탈진 운동 후 Bench Press가 Lying Triceps Extension 사전탈진 운동 후 벤치프레스 보다 높게 나타났다(p<.000). 넷째, 10RM Bench Press 운동 시 큰가슴근과 위팔세갈래근의 MEF는 10RM Peck- Deck Fly 사전탈진 운동 후 Bench Press가 가장 높게 나타났다(p<.000). 다섯째, 10RM Bench Press 운동 시 반복횟수는 사전탈진 운동이 10RM Peck- Deck Fly, 50% 10RM Pec Deck Fly, 10RM Lying Triceps Extension, 50% 10RM Lying Triceps Extension 순으로 높게 나타났다(p<.000, p<.05 ). [결론] Bench Press 운동 시 위팔세갈래근의 역할이 매우 중요하며, 위팔세갈래근의 높은 근활성도와 낮은 피로도는 Bench Press 운동시 많은 반복횟수를 수행하게 된다.

[INTRODUCTION] The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Method and Intensity of Resistance Exercise on agonist muscle activation(iEMG), muscle fatigue(MEF), Repetition at 10RM Bench Press after single joint all out pre Exercise. [METHOD] Fourteen healthy college students participated in this study. All subjects were tested for their 10RM, 50% 10RM strength on the Lying Triceps Extension, Peck Deck Fly and 10RM, strength on the Bench Press. Surface electrodes were attached on the belly of the pectoralis major and the bellies of the triceps brachii; long, medial, and lateral head. Normalized iEMG and MEF were collected and compared to three sites on the triceps brachii and measured iEMG and MEF according to the intensity resistance training loading method. One-way ANOVA repeated measurement and t-test were used to identify significant differences between single and multi-joint exercises on the different intensity variables. An alpha level of .05 was used to determine the significance level. [RESULT] 1. The result from the Lying Triceps Extension and, Peck Deck Fly exercise showed that 10RM intensity was higher than that of 50% 10RM in the iEMG of Triceps brachii and Pectoralis major(p<.000). 2. the result from the Lying Triceps Extension and, Peck Deck Fly exercise showed that 10RM intensity was higher than that of 50% 10RM in the MEF of Triceps brachii and Pectoralis major(p<.000). 3. the result from the 10RM Bench Press showed that Bench Press exercise after peck deck fly all-out exercise was higher than that of Bench Press exercise after Lying Triceps Extension all-out exercise in the iEMG of Pectoralis major(p<.000). 4. the result from the 10RM Bench Press showed that Bench Press exercise after 10RM peck deck fly all-out exercise was the highest in the MEF of Triceps brachii and Pectoralis major(p<.000). 5. The order of the intensity in all-out pre-exercise was 10RM peck deck fly, 10RM Lying Triceps Extension, 50% 10RM Lying Triceps Extension in the Repetition of 10RM Bench Press(p<.000, p<.05 ). [CONCLUSION] Triceps extension in the 10RM plays very importanct role in bench press exercise. High levels of muscle activation and low muscle fatigue of tricep brachii leads to greater Bench Press repetition

이동 백홀 망에서 RAN은 이동통신 기지국을 이동 백홀망에 연결시켜 준다. 이 시스템은 여러 세대의 이동통신 기술에 따른 인터페이스, 즉 셀 사이트 영역에서는 TDM, ATM, 그리고 이더넷, 이동 백홀 영역에서는 이더넷인터페이스로 구성된다. 조만간에 TDM 기반의 이동통신 네트워크는 모두 IP/Ethernet으로 전환될 것이고, 궁극적으로 이더넷 및 TDM 트래픽이 IP 네트워크를 통하여 전달될 것 이다. 따라서 이들 기술들을 이동 백홀 망으로 전송되기 위하여 각각은 캡슐화가 되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 각각의 캡슐화, 즉, ATM, MPLS, IP/UDP, 그리고 MEF8에 따른 성능이 측정되었다.

RAN in mobile backhaul network connects base station to mobile backhaul network. This the interfaces for several generations mobile communication technologies, such as TDM, ATM, and Ethernet in cell site, and then Ethernet in mobile backhaul site. In near future, the mobile communication network will be changed to all IP/Ethernet one, and then ultimately Ethernet and TDM traffics will be transferred through IP network. So these technologies have to be encapsulated for transferring to the mobile backhaul network. The performances are measured for each encapsulation, such as ATM, MPLS, IP/UDP, and MEF8.

본 연구는 중년여성을 대상으로 하여 요가 수행 전․후 근전도 분석을 이용하여 근 긴장도, 근 피로도 등 요가수행이 요부 근 활성도의 변화에 미치는 운동생리학적 효과를 검토하였다. Yoga Group(YG)은 J시 생활체육협의회 요가 회원 14명을 선정하여 1회 60분, 1주일에 3회, 총 8주간 24회에 걸쳐 요가를 실시하였고, Control Group(CG)은 J시 소재 K아파트 부녀회원 중 규칙적인 운동을 하지 않는 14명을 선정하였으며 아무런 처치를 하지 않았다. 요가 수행 후 측정치를 비교 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 요부 RMS 변화는 YG의 경우 사후 결과, 사전에 비해 유의차 있게(p< .001) 감소한 반면, CG의 경우 거의 변화가 없었다. 요부 MEF 변화 역시 YG의 경우 사후 결과, 사전에 비해 유의차 있게(p< .001) 증가한 반면, CG의 경우 거의 변화가 없었다. 결론적으로 요가 수행이 근 긴장도, 근 피로도 등 요부 근 활성도의 변화에 전체적로 긍정적인 효과가 있음을 알 수 있다. 요가 수행은 심신의 안정과 신체 기능의 향상을 가져오고, 특히 지속적인 요가 수행을 실시한다면 근육상태의 개선과 건강유지를 위한 중년 여성들이 즐기면서 수행할 수 있는 운동의 대안으로 권유할 수 있는 좋은 운동방법이 될 것으로 사료된다.

This study search that yoga performance of middle age women effect the waist muscle activation. In this study, examined exercise physiology effect of waist that yoga performance pre and post was measured change of muscle tension, muscle fatigue and muscle activation using muscle electromyogram. Yoga Group(n=14) participated in this study did exercise 60min and 3times/week during 8 weeks. The results of this study are as follow; YG reduces and increase more post-exercise than pre-exercise at RMS and MEF of wast muscle(p<.001). Conclusively, Could know that yoga performance is positive effect for the waist muscle activation and muscle tension and muscle fatigue. The yoga accomplishment affects effective in stability of the body and mind, and bodily function improvement, if the suitable resistance with the yoga accomplishment is continuous executes, The middle-aged women for the improvement and a health maintenance of muscular power is a possibility of doing to enjoy and is thought in good kinetic method one.

O-GlcNAc modification is glycosylation that occurs on Serine and Threonine residues of proteins located in nucleus and cytoplasm. O-GlcNAcylation regulates various cellular events including transcription, translation, cell death and cell proliferation as cellular nutrient sensor. It also has important roles in development processes such as neurogenesis, osteogenesis, adipogenesis and myogenesis. Although some roles and molecular mechanism of O-GlcNAcylation in various development process has been studied, the relationship between O-GlcNAcylation and muscle differentiation is not clearly established. We confirm that physiological conditions to regulate cellular O-GlcNAc level as well as O-GlcNAcase inhibitor treatment influenced the myogenin expression and myogenesis. We also confirm that this results was shown in mouse model system. We demonstrate that these phenomenons result from O-GlcNAc of Mef2c. Furthermore, we identify the 3 O-GlcNAc sites in Mef2c and find that one of these site has role regulating the DNA binding affinity with promoter of myogenin. Our results suggest that one specific O-GlcNAc site of Mef2c is closely associated with muscle differentiation through the regulation of myogenin transcription.

Chronic and heavy alcohol consumption is one of the causes of heart diseases. However, the effects of ethanol on insulin sensitivity in myocardium has been unclear. To investigate the effects of ethanol on the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), all of which are involved in the regulation of insulin sensitivity, in the myocardium, we performed three parts of experiments in vivo and in vitro. I: Rats were injected with 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR, 0.8 mg.kg-1) for 2 h. II:Rats received different dose (0.5, 2.5 or 5 g.kg-1.d-1) of ethanol for 22-week. III: Primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were isolated and treated with or without 100 mM ethanol or 1 mM AICAR for 4 h. The cardiac protein and mRNA expression of AMPKα subunits, MEF2and GLUT4 were observed by western-blotting and RT-PCR, respectively. Serum TNFα levels were assessed by ELISA. The results showed chronic ethanol exposure induced insulin resistance. Ethanol decreased the mRNA levels of AMPKα1 and α2, the protein levels of total- and phospho-AMPKα in cardiomyocytes. Similarly, ethanol showed inhibitory effects on both the mRNA and protein levels of MEF2A and 2D,and GLUT4 in a dose-response-like fashion. Correlation analysis implied an association between phospho-AMPKα and MEF2A or MEF2D, and between the levels of MEF2 protein and GLUT4 transcription. In addition,ethanol elevated serum TNFα level. Taken together,chronic ethanol exposure decreases the expression of AMPKα and MEF2, and is associated with GLUT4 decline in rat myocardium.