Earticle

배경: 황토면 침구의 사용이 불면증 환자에 미치는 연구는 보고되지 않았다. 목적: 본 연구에서는 원적외선을 방사하는 황토면 침구를 불면증을 겪는 15명에게 사용하게 한 후에 ‘삶의 질’ 및 ‘수면의 질’에 어떠한 변화를 일으키 는지를 연구하였다. 방법: 실험군에는 황토면 침구 그리고 대조군에는 일반 황색면을 사용하게 한 다음에 대상자들의 ‘WHO의 삶의 질’에 대한 설문 양식으로 연구하였다. 결과: 전체 삶의 질 평가는 대조군은 사전과 사후의 변화가 유의 성이 없었고, 실험군에서는 사전과 사후 간의 변화에는 유의한 차이로 개선되었다. 실험군의 ‘신체적 변화’는 황토면 침구를 사용하여 유의성이 있게 호전되었다. ‘수면시간’은 실험군의 실제 수면시간이 5.21시에서 7.2시간으로 유의하 게 증가하였고, 수면의 질도 유의성이 있게 증가하였다. ‘수면의 기간’은 실험군에서 사전보다 사후에 유의하게 길어 졌다. 습관적 수면 실험군에서는 사전보다 사용 후에는 유의하게 높아졌다. ‘수면 방해’는 실험군의 사전보다 사후에 는 유의하게 낮아졌다. ‘수면 약물 이용’ 및 ‘낮시간 실험군’에서는 사용하기 전보다 사용 후에는 유의하게 수면 효과 가 개선되었다. ‘사회성 척도, 환경변화 척도’와 ‘삶의 질 척도’의 실험군에서는 사전과 사후 간에는 편차가 유의하게 개선되었다. ‘삶의 질 간’의 상관관계는 실험군에서는 14개의 항목에서 Pearson 상관관계분석에서 유의 확률 p < .05 및 p < .01에서도 상관성이 높게 나타났다. ‘주간 졸음, 우울증 및 불안 척도 변화’는 실험군에서는 사전과 사후 간에는 유의한 차이로 개선되었다. 예후 조사에 의하면 실험에서 황토면 침구사용 중 및 사용 후에 마음과 신체의 편안함을 느 끼었고, 수면의 질도 좋았다고 평가하였다. 결론: 수면 및‘삶의 질’에 대한 전체 평가는 일반 황색면을 사용한 대조군 에서는 사전과 사후 간에는 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 황토면 침구를 사용한 실험군에서는 유의한 차이를 보이었다. 실 험군의 전체적인 삶의 질은 황토면 침구를 사용하여 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

Background: No studies have reported on the effects of loess beddings on insomnia patients. Purpose: It studied the change in quality of life and quality of sleep after having 15 insomnia subjects use the bedding that emits far- infrared rays. Methods: After using loess bedding for the test group and general yellow bedding for the control group, the study was conducted in the form of a questionnaire on the WHO quality of life of the subjects. Results: In the overall quality of life evaluation, the pre-and post-changes significantly improved in the test group. Using loess bedding was greatly enhanced the physical change, the actual sleep time, and the quality of sleep of the test group. The period of sleep was significantly longer post-treating, and the habitual sleep efficiency was considerably higher, and sleep disturbance was significantly lower than before in the test group. Sleep drug use and daytime dysfunction after treating in the test group significantly improved the sleep effect. Changes in the Sociality Scale, Environmental Change Scale, and Quality of Life Scale significantly improved in the test group. The quality of life for 14 items in the test group was significantly correlated. Daytime drowsiness, depression, and anxiety scale changes were significantly improved in the test group. According to the predictive survey, the subjects felt warmth in their body and comfort in mind during and after using loess bedding and evaluated that sleep quality was good. Conclusions: The overall quality of life in the test group increased using loess bedding.

목적: 본 연구는 반려견의 건강과 인간에게 돌아오는 피해를 줄이기 위하여 인간에게 좋은 원적외선 방출 황토 섬유로 반려견 방석을 제조하여 반려견에게 적용하여 선호도를 조사하였다. 방법: 바디유 원적외선방출 황토방석과 보통의 황색방석을 놓고 소형 반려견 12마리를 대상으로 선호성을 관찰하였다. 결과: 반려견들이 황토방석과 일반방 석의 선호도에서는 83.3%가 황토방석에 주로 앉거나 수면을 취하였다. 물어뜯기 성격은 83.3%가 개선되었다. 황토방 석을 이용 후에는 4 마리에서는 눈병, 1 마리에서는 습진 및 2 마리가 알레르기 등이 개선되었고, 나머지 개는 변화가 없었다. 활동 상태는 체험 후에는 50%가 조용해지었다. 성격 변화는 87.5%가 순해지었다. 결론: 황토방석이 반려견들 의 취향과 성격에 많은 변화를 주고, 피부병이 완화되는 결과를 발견하였다. 새로운 황토방석을 반려견이 스스로 선택 하는 선호성에 대한 탐색연구로서 이 분야의 기초연구 자료로서 가치가 있다고 판단한다.

Purpose: For the health of pet dogs and to reduce harm to humans, we investigated the preference of pet dogs on cushions made from functional ocher textile, which is known to be beneficial to human health. Methods: The preference of 12 small dogs between cushions made using functional ocher textile and normal yellow colored fabrics was observed. Results: The observation study showed 83.3% preference on cushions made from functional ocher textile where dogs rested or slept mostly. The biting behavior was improved by 83.3%. After using the functional cushions, four dogs with eye disease, one with eczema, and two with allergy showed improvements while others showed no improvement. After the experience, 50% of dogs became quieter. 87.5% of dogs showed more mild temperament. Conclusions: The functional ocher cushions showed preferences by dogs as well as brought positive improvements with the temperament and health conditions. This study proves to be a valuable fundamental research in this field of functional ocher cushions.

본고는 자연환경이 서안이 고대 중국의 천년의 수도로 기능하는 데 중요한 요인이었다는 가정 하에, 토양 과 산맥의 두 가지 환경 요인을 설정했다. 이 환경 요인들이 어떻게 서안의 수도 기능에 기여했는지 살피고자 했다. 서안이 위치한 황허 강 중류의 산시 성 지역은 풍부한 황토층 토양을 보유했는데, 황토는 풍화토에 비해 영양분이 풍부하여 생산성이 높아 농업에 유리하다. 추가적으로 황토는 토목건축에도 유용한 소재로서, 대규모 토목건축을 시행했던 고대 왕조에게 중요한 입지 요인이었을 것이다. 나아가 서안이 위치하고 있는 관중평원은 동서남북으로 고원과 산맥으로 둘러싸여있다는 점에서 ‘사색지국’이라고 불린다. 이에 서안은 산맥으로 둘러싸여 방어에 유리한 전형적인 군사적 요충지로서 고대 중국의 수도로서 기능하기에 좋은 입지였다

Assuming that the natural environment was an important factor in functioning as the capital of ancient China, this report set up two environmental factors, including soil and mountain range. Then this report examined how these environmental factors contributed to Xi'an's capital function. The Shanxi province in the middle of the Hwanghe River, where Xi'an is located, is rich in Loess. Loess is more nutritious than weathering soil and is more productive for agriculture. In addition, Loess is a useful material for civil architecture, and the abundance of Loess would have been an important location factor for the ancient dynasty. Furthermore, the northern, eastern, southern, and eastern plains of Xi'an are called 'country of four frontier' in that they are surrounded by highlands and mountains. Xi'an, therefore, was a typical military stronghold for defense, surrounded by mountains, and was a good place to function as the capital of ancient China.

하이패스 단말기의 확대 보급에 따라 DSRC 교통정보시스템이 지방부 도로를 중심으로 확대 설치되고 있다. 그러나 지방부 도로의 경우 고속도로와 달리 단말기 장착차량이 많지 않아 프로브 표본수가 충분하지 않는 경우가 종종 발생한다. 이 경우 프로브 통행시간은 적 은 샘플수로 인해 많은 변동이 발생하고 이는 교통정보 오차를 증가시킨다. 본 연구는 부족 한 샘플수로 인해 발생하는 통행시간 단기변동을 완화하여 신뢰성 있는 교통정보를 수집․ 제공하기 위해 프로브 통행시간 데이터에 이동평균, Loess, Savitzky-Golay 등 평활화 기법을 적용하였다. 그 결과, 낮은 샘플링(5%) 환경에서 통행시간 오차가 원시자료에 비해 45%까지 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 본 연구결과는 국내에서 운영 중인 프로브 기반 교통정보시스템에 적용되어 교통정보 신뢰도를 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

With the increasing popularity of electronic toll collection system using 5.8 GHz dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) technology, DSRC-based travel-time collection systems have been deployed on major urban and rural arterial routes in Korea. However, since probe sample sizes are frequently insufficient in probe-based systems, the gathered travel times from probe vehicles fluctuate significantly compared to those of the population; as a result, the accuracy of the collected travel times could decrease. To mitigate the fluctuations (also known as biases), smoothing techniques need to be applied. In this study, some smoothing techniques—moving average, the Loess, and Savitzky-Golay filtering—were applied to probe travel times. Resultantly, the error in the smoothed travel times at the lowest sampling plan (5%) decreased as much as 45% compared to those in non-smoothed travel times. The results of this study can be practically applied to probe-based travel-time estimation systems for providing reliable travel times along the travel corridor.

문화재의 손상 부위를 대상으로 하는 보존 처리는 원 유물의 재료와 유사한 물질로 복원하고 재처리가 가능하도록 해야 한다. 흙으로 구성된 우리나라의 사찰 벽화는 연질의 재질적 특성을 지니고 있는데, 그간 벽화의 균열과 박락 부위 보강에 사용되는 충전제(메움제)에 관한 연구들이 진행되었고, 전통 재료 활용의 적합성이 여러 연구 결과를 통해 밝혀졌다. 그러나 현재 이러한 연구 결과만을 가지고 사찰 벽화 보존 처리 현장에서 적용하기에는 몇 가지 제한점이 있다. 이는 충전제의 물리적 특성 연구가 부족하였으며 실제 보존 처리 시 요구되는 다양한 혼합 비율에 대한 규격이 마련되어 있지 않다는 점이다. 본고에서는 토벽화 충전제의 물리적 특성을 파악하기 위하여, 1 차 실험은 토양 혼합비 및 유기 매제를 달리한 12 조건의 의사시료를 제작하여 비교 분석을 실시하고, 2 차 실험은 1 차 실험에서의 안정적인 조건의 결과를 토대로 실제 보존 처리 대상의 벽체 조건에 맞는 충전제를 제작 및 테스트 후 보존 처리에 적용하였다.

The conservation of damaged object should be restored by the similar material with the original and they have to reversibility as possible as. The characteristics of Buddhist mural paintings composed of clay are with soft material. So far, there have been a number of researches done on filling material that reinforces cracks and exfoliation of mural painting. Based on the application of traditional materials, it was found that they are appropriate to various applications. However, only based on those research results, there are some constraints to the application in the field. In addition, there has been only a few researches done on physical characteristics of filling materials. A major issue is that there is not any standard established on various mixing ratio, which is required for treatment of mural painting. This study was carried out to understand the physical characteristics of filling materials on clay mural painting. The 1st test was conducted to analyze test specimen in twelve different conditions by varying soil mixing ratio and organic medium. The 2nd test was conducted to manufacture filling materials appropriate to the mural painting, based on the result of stable condition from the 1st test, and which was applied to treatment in field.

본연구는수산폐기물인폐굴껍질과우리나라에넓게분포되어있는황토를이용하여응집제를제조하기위한것으로서응집제원료의성분조사결과, 폐굴껍질은 CaO 성분이 55.43(wt%) 로가장많이함유되어있었고, 황토는 SiO2가 45.30(wt%) 로주성분임을알수있었다. 폐굴껍질내의 CaO 순도를높이기위해 900oC에서 2시간동안소성하였으며, ball mill 을사용하여 0.074 mm(200 mesh) 로분쇄하였다. 소성된폐굴껍질분말과황토분말을각각 6 : 4, 7 : 3, 8 : 2, 9 : 1 의비율로혼합하여응집제를제조하였다. 또한제조된응집제와화학소석회와의비교실험을통해화학소석회의대체가능성을확인하였다.

This study was performed to investigate removal efficiency of wastewater by the prepared coagulant using waste oyster shell and loess. Waste oyster shell and loess contain respectively high CaO(55.43% by weight), SiO2(45.30% by weight). Waste oyster shell was calcined to improve the purity of CaO at the calcination condition of 900oC for 2hours, and then crushed 0.074 mm(200 mesh) size by ball mill. Also, coagulant was prepared with calcined waste oyster shell and loess powder by hydration reaction. Calcined waste oyster shell and loess powder were combined with mixing ratio of 6 :4, 7 :3, 8 :2 and 9 :1. Though comparison experiment between prepared coagulant and chemical Ca(OH) 2, prepared coagulant was proved as having replaceable possibility of chemical Ca(OH)2 in wastewater treatment plant

목적: 본 연구는 원적외선을 방사하는 황토 침구를 15명의 불면증 대상자에게 사용하게 한 후에 인체의 자율신 경에 어떠한 변화를 일으키는지를 연구하는 것이 목적이었다. 방법: 황토침구를 사용한 대상자들의 변화는 심장박동변 이(HRV)로 측정하였다. 결과: 임상군이 황토침구를 사용하기 전의 HF고주파수 평균은 220.8 msec2이었고, 사용한 후 의 평균치는 5.1 msec2로 저하되었다. LF저주파수는 사용 전의 평균은 418.1 msec2이었고, 사용한 후의 평균치는 5.2 msec2로 저하되었다. VLF주파수의 사용전의 평균은 1463.3 msec2이었고, 사용한 후의 평균 측정치는 6.8 msec2로 저하되었다. TP주파수는 사용하기 전의 평균값은 977.3 msec2이었고, 사용 후의 평균값은 6.7 msec2로 저하되었다. 이 상의 4항목의 사용 후의 측정치의 저하는 통계적으로 모두 유의성이 있었으며, 사용전의 대상자들의 높은 측정치는 대 상자들이 모두 장기간 수면장애가 매우 높아서 스트레스와 불안 등이 높은 이유이었다고 유추하였다. 황토침구 사용전 의 임상자들의 맥박은 69.3 bpm, 사용 후의 맥박은 70.6 bpm로 유의한차이가 없었다. SDNN 및 RMSSD도 사용전후에 차이가 유의하지 않았다. 결론: 자율신경 HF, LF, VLF, TP주파수는 황토가 발생하는 원적외선의 조사에 영향을 받는다 고 평가한다. 본 연구데이터는 이 분야의 기초자료로서 가치가 높다고 평가한다.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the autonomic nervous system of the human body after the use of ocher bedding radiating far-infrared rays to 15 insomnia subjects. Methods: Changes of autonomous nerve in the subjects after using loess bedding estimated by heart rate variability. Results: The mean HF before the use of ocher bedding was 220.8 msec2, and the mean after use decreased to 5.1 msec.2 The average value of LF before use was 418.1 msec2, and the mean after use decreased to 5.2 msec2 . The average before use of the VLF was 1463.3 msec2, and the average after use dropped to 6.8 msec2. The average value of TP before use was 977.3 msec2, and the average after use dropped to 6.7 msec2. The decrease in postoperative values of all four items was statistically significant, and the high value of the subjects before use inferred to be the reason that all of the subjects had high stress and anxiety due to their long-term sleep disorder. There was no significant difference in the pulses of the subjects before the use of the bedding. SDNN and RMSSD were not significantly different before and after use. Conclusions: Autonomic nerves HF, LF, VLF, TP frequency is evaluated to be affected by the investigation of far-infrared radiation that occurs ocher. This research data regarded as high value as primary data in this field.

The purpose of this study is to expand coverage loess by architectural material to represent the eco- friendly construction to solve low-intensity of loess and the problem of crack. Therefore, loess mortar compound with slaked lime and quick lime as a binder to compensate for the vulnerability of loess analyze as a result of intensity measured. The result shows the possibility of improving the durability of loess and this study is to provided the basic data for the development of eco-friendly construction. If it proceed the experiment to complement the problem of quick lime exothermic reaction, lime and loess eco-friendly building materials is expected to variety applicability.

Water erosion is progressing in the Loess Plateau, especially in gullies, and the sediment runoff to the Yellow River amounts to 975 million tons every year. Natural factors for water erosion include climate, soil, geological feature, terrain and vegetation. Many development projects due to the increasing population reduced the forest coverage ratio to 10%, and 200 million people in the downstream area are suffering from the damage during intense rainfall. Accordingly, the Chinese government is continuously trying to efficiently prevent the erosion by establishing measures for water erosion, including fish-scale pits, terrace technique, and check dams.

The purpose of this study was experimented by reviewing the possibility of applying non-sintered loess as a building material. And this study was to evaluate and compare chemical characteristics of cementless mortar with non-sintered loess according to percentage of non-sintered loess without adding any cement. To evaluate non-sintered loess mortar which is one of the natural resources as cememt admixture, we examined the durability and resistance to sulfate attack. As the result of this study, the resistance to sulfate attack of non-sintered loess mortar and durability is increased more than OPC. So, we concluded that the durability of non-sintered loess mortar is more effective than OPC.

황토의 다른 의미는 사전에 소개된 학 술적인 것으로 “바람에 의해 운반되어 퇴적된 담황색 내지 황회색을 나타내는 미사질 퇴적물(loess)”을 말하며 이 황토의 특징은 입 자가 매우 작고 균질하며 0.05-0.005mm인 미사(silt)가 50% 이상이 되고 탄산염의 결핵체 를 포함하고 있으며 점토 크기가 0.005mm 이 하의 입자들은 5-10% 정도이다. 아동기에 시작된 우울증의 경우 성인기에 재 발율이 매우 높다는 점 등이 확인되는 시점에 서 우울과 일상생활 스트레스를 경감시키고 나 아가 자존감을 향상시키는 데 도움을 줄 수 있 는 황토를 이용한 심리치료프로그램을 개발하 고 그 프로그램의 효과를 검증해 보고자 한다.

High-efficiency wetland systems combining various types of wetland and a porous microbial media have been studied. The adsorption characteristics of ceramic media was investigated through the adsorption isotherms. As a result of water analysis, treatment efficiency based on the CODcr were approximately 60%, and the effluent CODcr is 10.75 mg/L. The nitrogen uptake rate of Eichhornia crassipes were the 47.11 mg/day·ea that was highest among five kinds of aquatic plants like Eichhornia crassipes, Typha orientalis, Leersia japonica, Iris pseudoacorus, and Phragmites japonica steud. The Phosphorus uptake rate of Eichhornia crassipes, Typha orientalis, Leersia japonica, Iris pseudoacorus, and Phragmites japonica steud were 0.57 mg/day·ea, 0.2 mg/day·ea, 0.16 mg/day·ea, 0.17 mg/day·ea, and 0.92 mg/day· ea respectively. The main mechanisms removing contaminants from total reactors are phytoremediation and sedimentation. As a result, CODcr and BOD5 of average effluent concentration is 17.49 mg/L and 2.09 mg/L respectively. This contactconstructed wetland systems were applied to the demonstration plant, and the water quality of that system were satisfactory by inoculation of soil microorganisms and increasing amount of aquatic plants.

This study dyed rayon fabric using loess as a natural colorant. To obtain the optimal dyeing conditions, various dyeing conditions were examined (temperature, pH, time, and concentration). The color fastness was evaluated using standard washing and rubbing fastness tests. The results were as follows: The loess powder particle size ranged from 0.4 to 1.7 ㎛with a distribution range of 1.1 to 1.4 ㎛, representing a fine and uniform manufactured loess powder. The loess component analysis showed a large amount of silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide. TheFT-IR spectra showed that the ammonium group in the rayon fabric produced N-H banding at 1,540 ㎝-1 . The highest K/S value for the rayon fabric was obtained when the pH was 8.0, and this value increased rapidly with a longer dyeing time and when increasing the loess concentration to 30% (w/v). Pre-treatment with a soybean solution produced the highest K/S value for the rayon fabric with a loess concentration of 30% (w/v). The SEM analysis showed a higher amount of loess adhered to the rayon fabric surface when increasing the loess concentration. However, pre-treatment with a cationic agent and soybean solution resulted in a much higher attachment of loess to the fabric surface. Thus, the experimental results showed that using a cationized fabric and pre-treatment with a soybean solution are more effective when dyeing rayon fabric with loess than when using only loess.

본 연구에서는 황토의 알려진 효능 중 하나인 원적외선 방출에 의한 스트레스 치료 효과를 과학적으로 검 증하였다. 광공해, 소음 스트레스, 공간 스트레스를 쥐에게 지속적으로 가하여 복합적 스트레스 모델을 제작하였 고, 이들 쥐에게 황토방을 이용한 치료를 적용하기 전 후로 강제 수영 부하 실험(Forced Swimming Test), 발빠 짐 실험(Foot Fault Test), 혈액 검사 등을 실시하여 황토에서 방출된 원적외선이 쥐의 심리 안정, 운동 신경 조 절 능력, 면역 능력 등에 미치는 긍정적인 효과를 확인하였다. 그 결과 황토방을 이용하여 치료를 진행한 쥐들에 게서 심리적 안정 효과 및 운동 신경 조절 능력, 면역력 회복 효과를 관찰할 수 있었고, 그 중에서도 특히 입자 크 기가 작은 황토방으로 치료를 진행한 쥐일수록 그 효과가 크다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 전통 재료인 황토에서 방출되는 원적외선에 의한 치료 효과가 있다는 근거이며 치료기간이 길어질수록 그 효과가 증가하였음 을 통해 나아가 쥐뿐만 아니라 사람에게도 지속적인 치료의 가능성 또한 제시하였다. 이러한 결과는 많은 사람들 이 찾고 있는 황토 치료에 대해 과학적 근거와 효과적 방법을 제시하는 중요한 기초가 될 것이다.

The object of this study is to scientifically prove the therapeutic effect of far-infrared rays, which is one of the prevailing effects of loess. We made a multiplicative stress mouse model by applying light pollution, noise pollution and limited space. Behavior tests such as FST, Foot Fault Test, and blood tests were conducted before and after the treatment using loess. The behavior tests were done in order to see if the far-infrared rays had positive effects on the model's psychological stability, neuromotor control, and immunity. The results showed that mice treated with loess, especially those who had been treated with small particle-sized loess, had improved psychological stability, neuromotor control, and acquired increased immunity. These results imply the possibility of loess being used as measures of therapy on people as well.

Chitin is a polysaccharide formed from β-1,4-links of N-acetyl-Dglucosamin, which is widely distributed in fungi, crustaceans, mollusce, coelenterates, protozoan and green algae. More than 50 isolates showing the potential antifungal activity by chitinase production were screened from loess. Among them, two isolates exhibited strong antagonistic effect against the indicator fungi Fusarium oxysporum KACC 40031 and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum KACC 40457. The major isolates with antifungal activity were identified as Paenibacillus chinjuensis and P. elgii by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Chitinase was purified by 80% ammonium sulfate fractionation and chitin affinity chromatography, then antifungal spectrum was examined against phytopathogenic fungi.

Urban forests have important aesthetic values contributing to the quality of urban life. The aesthetic difference in urban forests can cause negative or positive externalities, e.g., the loss or increase of non-priced benefits. Urban forestry planning, therefore, should systematically assess and commensurately measure the aesthetic value of urban forests, i.e., in monetary terms with material values. Here we present an empirical study for assessing the aesthetic value of urban forests using on-site survey data from 1,000 visitors in the loess hilly-gully area of Loess Plateau (Yan’an, northern Shaanxi, China). An assessment model is established by logistic regression and automated neural networks for measuring the objective and subjective influencing factors of aesthetic attitude and individual willingness to pay (WTP) recreation fees for consumption of the urban forest environment. The objective factors are directly linked to WTP and gains the largest weight in the system; The subjective factors exert strong influences on WTP; additionally, quality of urban virescence strongly affects the respondents’ aesthetic attitudes, thus influencing their WTP. Our results are useful for assessing ecosystem service function in urban forests, thus contributing to the management and sustainable development of urban forests in the study area as well as other forests in similar settings.

A bacterium having strong chitinolytic activity was isolated from a loess in Haenam-gun, South Korea and identified as Paenibacillus chitinolyticus. The erlenmeyer flask culture was employed to research the culture condition of Paenibacillus chitinolyticus BC35-2 for producing antifungal chitinase. The results showed that the optimal carbon and nitrogen source were colloidal chitin and yeast extract, respectively. It was beneficial to synthesize chitinase when the initial pH was 6.0. In addition, the synthesis of chitinase was inhibited and activated by Cu2+ and Ca2+ ion, respectively. Chitinase isolated from Paenibacillus chitinolyticus BC35-2 suppressed the growth of phytopathogenic fungi including Fusarium oxysporum KACC 40031 and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides KACC 40003.

Recently, microbial chitinase were widely used in various processes including agricultural, biological and environmental fields, especially, to control plant pathogenic fungal. Chitinases cleaves the b (1-4) glyscosidic linkage of N-acetly-D-glucosamine present in the fungal cell wall. In the present study, 10 different chitinase producing bacterial sps. were isolated from soil samples collected at barren losses agricultural soil (Cabbage, potato and beans field). To obtain enhanced chitinase producing bacterial sps., was performed using 0.5% swollen chitin as carbon source with modified M9 media. The temperature, pH and incubation time was followed as: 30°C, 6.8 and seven days respectively. These enhanced samples were used to screen the chitinase producing bacterial with clear zone appearance in the chitin agar plates. The genomic DNA extracted from the isolated colonies was used to identify the chitinase producing gene. Further, biochemical tests, 16srDNA amplification and sequencing were carried out to identify the organism. From the results, there are 6 Pseudomonas sps., 3 Stenotrophomonas sps., and one Paenibacillus sp. were obtained with higher chitinase producing bacteria sps.

유리인산 생산균을 생물비료화 하기위한 노력의 일환으로 인산가용화능이 우수한 Penicillium sp. GL-101의 액침배양시 pellet 형성에 미치는 황토의 영향을 조사하였다. Penicillium sp. GL-101의 분생포자를 황토를 포함하는 PDB배지에 접종하여 59rpm의 낮은 속도로 교반하여 배양하면 무정형의 불규칙적인 pellet을 형성하는 반면에 150rpm의 높은 속도에는 구형의 규칙적인 pellet을 형성하였다. 또한 0~1.5%(W/V)범위의 황토첨가시에는 황토의 농도가 높을수록 pellet의 크기가 작게 형성되었으며, 1.5% 황토 농도에서 0.4±0.1mm의 가장 작은 pellet이 형성되었다. 이 결과는 황토를 첨가하지 않을 경우에 비하여 7배 작아진 것이었다. 그러나 황토 농도가 2.0% 이상되면 pellet의 크기가 오히려 증가하였다. 또한 황토의 주성분인 불용성 염의 분말을 0~1.0% 농도로 배지에 첨가하여 pellet 형성에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 염의 농도가 높을수록 작은 크기의 pellet이 형성되었으며, CaSO4를 첨가했을 때 가장 작은 크기의 pellet을 형성하였다.

In order to investigate effects of loess on the mycelial pellet formation a phosphate dissolving fungus, Penicillium sp. GL-101, was cultured in potato dextrose broth containing loess. The strain formed an amorphous pellet or loose aggregates agitated at a low speed(50rpm) while spherical and regular pellets at a high speed(150rpm). The higher concentration of loess, the smaller size of a pellet in the medium formed by the strain. Cultured in the medium supplemented with 1.5% loess the pellet size was reduced to a seventh compared to the control. In the case of addition of several insoluble salts, which are main components of loess, to the culture medium the higher concentrations of salts, the smaller sizes of pellet formed by the strain and the smallest pellet was formed by the addition of calcium sulfate.