Earticle

Purpose: Health literacy has been attracting increasing attention because low health literacy is considered an important predictor of adverse health outcomes in many chronic conditions, including diabetes. However, it is unclear how health literacy is associated with health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to formulate a hypothetical structural equation model linking health literacy to self-efficacy, selfcare activities, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was employed, and 459 patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited from outpatient clinics in two university hospitals. The patients completed a pack of questionnaires. The hypothetical model was tested using structural equation modeling analysis. Results: The values of multiple fit indices indicated that the proposed model provided a good fit to the data. Health literacy exerted not only a direct effect on self-care activities, but also an indirect effect on self-care activities via self-efficacy. However, health literacy exerted only an indirect effect on HRQOL. This structural model was invariant across hemoglobin-A1c-controlled and hemoglobin-A1c uncontrolled groups. Based on R2 values, the final model accounted for 20.0% of the variance in selfefficacy, 61.0% of the variance in self-care activities, and 16.0% of the variance in HRQOL. Conclusions: This study suggests that self-care activities are crucial to the link between health literacy and HRQOL. Both health literacy and self-efficacy need to be considered in clinical practice for enhancing self-care activities in patients with type 2 diabetes. This approach may ultimately improve HRQOL in these patients.

This study aims at empirically analyzing the relation between employees’ personality and their knowledge sharing intentions, on which enough light has not yet been shed in spite of its importance. By integrating the big five model of personality with social capital theory and social cognitive theory, this study develops six hypotheses concerning the relation and empirically tests them by using 724 samples collected from employees in practice. The empirical analysis results from this study reveal that employees’ extroversion and agreeableness are positively associated with their social relations and that their openness to experience and conscientiousness are positively associated with their knowledge self-efficacy, which are positively related to their knowledge sharing intentions. Based on the new findings, theoretical and practical implications are provided for knowledge management researchers and managers in practice.

본 연구는 게임 이용자의 부정적 행동 특성이 자아효능감을 매개로 e스포츠 핵심 역량으로 전환되는 과정을 이론적으로 규명하는 데 목적이 있다. 게임에 대한 사회적 담론이 오랫동안 중독성과 폭력성등 부정적 측면에 집중되어 온 반면, 게임 경험이 교육적 자원으로 전환될 수 있는 조건과 경로에 관한 이론적 논의는 상대적으로 미진하였다. 이에 부정적 행동 특성을 윤리위반형과 자기조절 실패형의 두 범주로 재개념화하고 각 유형의 발생 기제와 조작적 정의를 제시하였다. 매개 변수로는 일반 자아효능감과 게임 효능감을 구분하여 설정하였으며, 자기성찰적 학습 경험을 두 변수 간 관계를 조절하는 환경 변수로 위치시켰다. 종속변수인 e스포츠 핵심 역량은 전략적 사고, 협업 의사소통, 자기관리, 디지털 수행성의 네 가지 하위 차원으로 개념화하였다. 아울러 제안된 모형의 후속 실증 검증을 위한 양적 연구 설계 절차를 함께 제시하여, 이론적 논의가 경험적 검증으로 이어질 수 있는 방법론적 토대를 마련하였다. 도출된 모형은 학교 e스포츠 교육의 제도화 논의와 e스포츠 인재양성 정책 설계에 학술적 근거를 제공하는 데 활용될 수 있다.

This study theoretically examines how negative behavioral characteristics of game users may be transformed into core esports competencies through the mediating role of self-efficacy. While social discourse on gaming has long centered on its negative dimensions—addiction and violence accounts of the conditions under which gaming experience can become an educational resource have remained underdeveloped. To address this gap, the study reconceptualizes negative behavioral characteristics into two distinct types: an ethics-violation type, characterized by intentional harm to others within the game community, and a self-regulation failure type, arising from deficits in self-regulatory resources. General self-efficacy and game self-efficacy are differentiated as mediating variables, and self-reflective learning experience is positioned as a moderating variable that conditions the relationship between negative behavioral characteristics and self-efficacy. Core esports competencies, the outcome variable, are conceptualized along four dimensions: strategic thinking, collaborative communication, self-management, and digital performance. A quantitative research design for future empirical validation of the proposed model is also outlined. The framework is intended to provide a theoretically grounded basis for policy debates on school-based esports education and esports talent development, moving those debates beyond assumption toward empirically testable claims.

The purpose of this study is the growing elderly hierarchy who are experiencing various problems of poverty, alienation, loss of role, a rupture of social relations and ways to eliminate a portion of a recreational activity is to seek ways to activate. To this end, Korea Institute for Health and Social Life Survey of the Senior Citizens of Ministry of Tourism and Sports and Cultural Activities in the literature for research activities through the participation of the elderly appeared actual condition clarify the issue of these problems by improving there creational policies and activities for seniors elderly's mental and physical health maintenance. to meet the evolving needs as well as other personal intimacy that can be formed by forming a network of older people in the community can integrate socially. Utilized as part of a healthy elderly leisure recreational activities for the young and the elderly to give the value of life is more effective than any method or means of studies have proven many policies, practices and State and local governments, so spare. Recreation continues to promote policies and academic research and the investigation that suggest sit should be.

The cooperation between universities and industries is already one of the most important factors driving the national economy in the knowledge-based society of the 21st century represented by the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The Korean government has also been carrying out legal and institutional re-adjustments to promote industrial-university cooperation in line with demands for such changes in the times. However, despite this industry-academic cooperation system, there is still a significant mismatch between industrial demand and the university's workforce development system. By the way, there is a Cooperative Education(CO-OP) in Canada and the United States. It’s an innovative link between the university and the industry. The reason is that the CO-OP program not only allows students to gain experience with their majors in the industrial field, but also plays a positive role in improving their specialty expertise. In particular, field information, ideas, and job insights that students acquire through CO-OP also serve as motivation for starting a business beyond employment after graduation. Furthermore, CO-OP experience is an important opportunity for future researchers to come up with commercialized research results that are not separated from the field sites The purpose of this study is to overcome the gap between industrial demand and the college manpower training system, and develop a Korean-style coaching program model as a growth engine for creative talent-building policies, represented by 'creation of start-ups and new industry.' In addition, this study suggested measures that can be applied in real universities. In addition, the study also highlighted that the introduction of CO-OP programs with field practices in Korea could also boost start-ups. Based on the Korean CO-OP program model, the curricula applicable to domestic universities consisted of two types : general and research-oriented university types.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to develop a linking model between industrial injury insurance organs and local organizations providing social welfareㆍhealth services, for the activation of medical rehabilitation services for industrial injury patients. Method: Research design for this study was a multi-step research through literature review, field research, and group interviews with persons in charge, to compare local society-oriented medical rehabilitation programs. The term of researchs Sep.1 ~ Nov. 30, 2004. Results: 1. Home nurses from Workers Accident Medical Corporation have been taken to be adequate to case managers, who link industrial accident insurance institutions to local society services for the activation of medical rehabilitation services for industrial injury patients. They have been chosen for case managers because they have richer understanding and experiences of objects of industrial accidents than any other specialists, and because they have proved to be able to provide direct home services as a specialist. We have established the center for case management affairs within the workers accident general hospital, organized the committee for case management with doctors in charge, doctors in rehabilitation, rehabilitation consultants, social welfare workers, physical therapists, and nurses, determined objects of case managements from those of long-term recuperation, and constructed a course of case management containing from case management plans to evaluation. 2. We have made files of community resources, and organized the council of industrial accident administration to have it in charge of the adjustment and linking of services in case management affairs. 3. Because there are inequality of community resources between areas, differences in experiences in and bases for linking, and disparity of core organizations with active linking in the system of linking between public and civil sectors, we have taken a system of linking between parallel organs to be the core. In our linking model, workers accident general hospital, hospitals designated for industrial injury, and rehabilitation hospitals are linked in parallel, inadequate long-term recuperation managers are trusted to an workers accident medical corporations through examination by the examination committee in Korea Labor Welfare Corporation, and are dealt with by the committee for case management. Of the hospitals designated for industrial accidents, those running a home caring center provide home caring services for the handicapped at home from industrial injury. 4. Workers Accident Medical Corporation take part in medical rehabilitation, and Korea Labor Welfare Corporation in vocational/social rehabilitation. Furthermore, in the model, the latter should construct a system for job opportunities through Internet portals and provide cyber vocational consultation and introduction. Conclusion: Improvement of systems is needed to apply the linking model to practical affairs. Because this model is centered for practical affairs, it should be put under the analysis of effects, and evaluation of its adequacy to practical application, and its effects and efficiency through experimental running in the 8 workers accident general hospital in Korea.

Service learning is not just an activity. It needs to be conducted in a way that students develop their own problem-solving skills. Teachers also should understand the meaning of service learning and recognize the need for educational cooperation. However, practical cooperation is difficult. In particular, because the college entrance exam is important in schools, there are many restrictions on the realization of service learning. Considering this reality, service learning tasks should be developed into educational contents. This study was initiated by necessity in this context. The purpose of this study is to develop a highly useful template by dividing the service learning program into subject, goal, content, method, and composition. For this purpose, this study analyzed the programs conducted at the autonomous district volunteer center and practice school. As a result, this study presents templates that are easy to link course content, core competencies and activities.

Even though many scholars and practitioners have praised the merits of team diversity on team creative outcomes, organizations often fail to reap the benefits from diversity, or even suffer losses. The inconsistent consequences of diversity have prompted researchers to resolve this puzzle, shifting the direction of research toward identifying mediating mechanisms and/or boundary conditions of the relationship between diversity and creativity. In this paper, we proposed a model to test the effect of cognitive team diversity on team creativity through team information elaboration, and further examined the conditional effect of team-member exchange (TMX) on aforementioned mechanism. We tested our hypotheses with multi-source data composed of 62 teams (293 respondents) in Korean electronic and construction companies. Results demonstrated that cognitive team diversity was positively related to team creativity, mediated by team information elaboration. In addition, findings also showed that TMX played an important moderating role such that it amplified the indirect positive effect of cognitive team diversity on team creativity. Drawing upon the findings of this research, we discussed theoretical and managerial implications, limitations, and directions for future research.

A corpus-based analysis of the use of linking adverbials (LAs) in model essays for students of English and authentic essays composed by professional writers was conducted with a self-established model essay corpus (MEC) and the New York Times Annotated Corpus (NYTAC). Data from the two corpora were retrieved and analyzed by means of Antconc 3.2.4. It was found that the percentages of the top ten most frequently used LAs accounted for 46% and 52% of the total number of LAs used in MEC and NYTAC, respectively. The model essays contained far more instances of additive, adversative, causal/resultative, and sequential LAs, but significantly fewer types of LA than did NYTAC. Further, LAs in MEC were predominantly placed at sentence initial position whereas those in NYTAC were employed at varying positions in a sentence.

우리나라의 물관련 이슈는 수자원뿐만 아니라 사회, 경제 환경 등의 범위까지 확대되어 복합적이며, 기존 방법론과 기술만으로는 해결에 어려움이 있다. 따라서 새로운 기술적/방법론적 도구 개발의 필요성에 따라 통합수자원관리가 하나의 방법으로 받아들여지고 있다. 통합수자원관리는 지속가능한 수자원관리를 목표로하며, 물과 이와 관련 다양한 요소를 고려하는 통합적인 방법론이다. 그러므로 의사결정에 있어 전체론적인 접근이 필요하며, 세부적인 요소와 요소간의 연관관계를 파악하는 것이 중요하다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 통합수자원관리의 기반 도구 중의 하나인 통합수자원관리 모델링 환경인 WaterRing 시범시스템을 개발하였다. WaterRing은 모델연계에 있어 필수적인 표준성, 사용편의성 및 모델공유를 제공하며, 모델코드 자체보다 모델의 개발에 많은 노력을 기울일 수 있도록 설계되었다. 따라서 수자원분야 및 다양한 분야의 모델을 연계할 수 있다. 모델의 연계를 위하여 기본모델단위를 설정하고 각각의 기본모델단위의 결합을 통하여 보다 큰 시스템으로 구성할 수 있도록 하였다. 기본모델단위는 입력/상태/출력의 세 가지 기본요소와 내부수행 루틴으로 구성되어 있다. 기본모델단위 사이의 결합을 정의하기 위하여 BPM(Business Process Management)(Arkin, 2002)와 STELLA의 모델 결합방식을 활용하였다. 기본모델단위는 독립적인 수행단위로 표준적인 입력과 출력을 수행한다. 따라서 입력과 출력의 속성이 같은 기본모델단위는 결합할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 시범적으로 개발된 수자원통합모델링환경 WaterRing은 통합수자원관리의 실현에 있어 평가, 계획에 이용될 수 있다. 그러므로 향후 시스템의 개발이 완료되면 우리나라의 통합수자원관리의 실현을 위한 기반도구로서 많은 역할이 기대된다. 홍수기에 측정된 성과를 바탕으로 고수위대의 수위-유량관계 곡선식을 개발하여야 할 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구를 통해 일부 확인된 바와 같이, 일반적인 자연하천이 아닌 감조하천의 경우는, 각각의 수위대별 유량 값의 변화가 발생하는 바 기간별 혹은 간조와 만조부를 포함하여 유량측정을 하여야 할 것으로 판단된다. 청폐화담탕(淸肺化痰湯)은 LPS로 유도된 macrophage에서 NO와 염증Cytokine 생성량을 억제하였고 murine macrophage에서 NF-${\kappa}$B 활성을 억제함으로써 iNOS와 염증Cytokine 유전자 발현을 하향조절 하였다. 이러한 청폐화담탕(淸肺化痰湯)의 항염작용으로 천식, 기관지염, 폐렴, 결핵, 산후감모 등의 호흡기 질환에 응용할 수 있으리라 사료된다.im}$</TEX>5개월), 9.44${\pm}$1.05 6${\sim}$ll개월)으로 개월에 관계없이 전반적으로 유사한 비율을 나타내었다. 분획물(첨가농도 15.6 ${\mu}$g/ml)은 60%의 저해효과를 나타내면서 농도 의존적으로 그 저해효과가 컸으며 250 ${\mu}$g/ml 농도에서는 80%의 저해효과를 관찰 할 수가 있었다. 에틸아세테이트분회물의 경우 디글로로메탄 분회물에 비해 다소 낮은 저해효과를 나타내었지만 250 ${\mu}$g/ml 농도에서 약 60%의 세포독성 효과를 나타내었다. 디클로로메탄 분획물과 에틸아세테이트 분획물에 의한 면역 활성 증진 효과를 검토한 결과, 디글로로메탄 분획물은 첨가농도 1 ${\mu}$g/ml에서 94%로 Yac-1표적세포를 사멸시켰으며 에틸아세테이트 분획물도 동일 농도에서 96%의 억제효과를 나타내었다. CTLL세포를

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to develop a linking model between industrial injury insurance organs and local organizations providing social welfare health services, for the activation of medical rehabilitation services for industrial injury patients. Method: Research design for this study was a multi-step research through literature review, field research, and group interviews with persons in charge, to compare local society-oriented medical rehabilitation programs. The term of researches Sep.1 ~ Nov. 30, 2004. Results: 1. Home nurses from Workers Accident Medical Corporation have been taken to be adequate to case managers, who link industrial accident insurance institutions to local society services for the activation of medical rehabilitation services for industrial injury patients. They have been chosen for case managers because they have richer understanding and experiences of objects of industrial accidents than any other specialists, and because they have proved to be able to provide direct home services as a specialist. We have established the center for case management affairs within the workers accident general hospital, organized the committee for case management with doctors in charge, doctors in rehabilitation, rehabilitation consultants, social welfare workers, physical therapists, and nurses, determined objects of case managements from those of long-term recuperation, and constructed a course of case management containing from case management plans to evaluation. 2. We have made files of community resources, and organized the council of industrial accident administration to have it in charge of the adjustment and linking of services in case management affairs. 3. Because there are inequality of community resources between areas, differences in experiences in and bases for linking, and disparity of core organizations with active linking in the system of linking between public and civil sectors, we have taken a system of linking between parallel organs to be the core. In our linking model, workers accident general hospital, hospitals designated for industrial injury, and rehabilitation hospitals are linked in parallel, inadequate long-term recuperation managers are trusted to an workers accident medical corporations through examination by the examination committee in Korea Labor Welfare Corporation, and are dealt with by the committee for case management. Of the hospitals designated for industrial accidents, those running a home caring center provide home caring services for the handicapped at home from industrial injury. 4. Workers Accident Medical Corporation take part in medical rehabilitation, and Korea Labor Welfare Corporation in vocational/social rehabilitation. Furthermore, in the model, the latter should construct a system for job opportunities through Internet portals and provide cyber vocational consultation and introduction. Conclusion: Improvement of systems is needed to apply the linking model to practical affairs. Because this model is centered for practical affairs, it should be put under the analysis of effects, and evaluation of its adequacy to practical application, and its effects and efficiency through experimental running in the 8 workers accident general hospital in Korea.

위법행위를 저지른 발달장애인(이하 ‘범법 발달장애인’)은 형사사법 절차에 진입하더라도 해당 범죄의 근본적 원인인 정신･행동 문제에 대한 치료적 개입이 이루어지지않아 높은 재범률을 보이고 있다. 본 연구에서는 현 상황에 대한 하나의 대안으로, 형사사법 절차의 과정 중에 범법 발달장애인을 지역사회의 적절한 의료･복지자원으로연결하여 치료 및 재활 서비스를 제공하는 통합적 연계전환(diversion) 모형을 제안하였다. 먼저 Ⅰ장에서는 범법 발달장애인의 재범 방지를 위한 적절한 치료 연계의 필요성을 개괄하였다. Ⅱ장에서는 대표적인 ‘사회 내 처우’인 치료명령과 수강명령, 보호관찰을 중심으로, 범법 발달장애인에 대한 치료 서비스 및 연계전환의 현황과 그 한계를검토하였다. 그리고 이에 대한 대안으로써, 「범죄 가･피해 발달장애인의 재범 방지를 위한 개별맞춤형 지원사업(PSRP)」의 수평적 연계전환 모형과 발달장애인 거점병원･ 행동발달증진센터로의 수직적 전달체계 모형을 연계전환 체계로 활용할 수 있는 가능성을 탐색하였다. 이어지는 Ⅲ장에서는 ‘시설 내 처우’ 중 치료감호시설을 중심으로, 범법 발달장애인에게 제공되고 있는 치료 서비스 및 연계전환의 현황과 그 한계를 검토하였다. 마지막 Ⅳ장에서는 범법 발달장애인에 대한 형사사법 절차와 의료･복지자원 간의연계전환 체계 모형을 구체적으로 제안하였다. (1) 검찰청과 발달장애인 지원센터, 장애인복지관을 수평적으로 연결하는 PSRP 모형 및 (2) 발달장애인 거점병원･행동발달증진센터로 이어지는 수직적 전달체계 모형을 통합하고, (3) 교정시설의 가용한 연계전환 제도를 추가로 반영함으로써, 발달장애인 지원센터와 보호관찰소가 중심이 되는범법 발달장애인에 대한 연계전환 모형을 도출하고자 했다.

This study proposes a new diversion model in South Korea as a solution to the recurring issue of offenders with developmental disabilities reoffending due to the lack of therapeutic interventions addressing the behavioral problems underlying their crimes, even after entering the criminal justice system. The diversion model outlines a method to connect these offenders to appropriate therapeutic resources within the community during the criminal justice process, aiming to provide necessary treatment and prevent reoffending, while taking into account the specific circumstances of South Korea. In Chapter II, the study examines the current status and limitations of community-based interventions for offenders with developmental disabilities, focusing on treatment orders, attendance orders, and probation. It also examines the feasibility of employing the horizontal diversion model of the Personalization Support for Recidivism Prevention (PSRP) pilot program in Busan and the vertical delivery system model of the nationally implemented Autism and Developmental Disorder Centers(ADDC) as alternative diversion frameworks. Following this, Chapter III assesses the current status and limitations of treatment services and diversion practices for offenders with developmental disabilities within forensic psychiatric hospitals. Chapter IV presents a detailed design of a diversion model that links the criminal justice process with medical and welfare resources for offenders with developmental disabilities. This model integrates three major existing diversion systems: first, the horizontal diversion system of PSRP, which connects the prosecution office, Support Centers for People with Developmental Disabilities, and community rehabilitation centers; second, the vertical delivery system connected to ADDC; and third, diversion from correctional facilities. This new model positions Support Centers for People with Developmental Disabilities and probation offices as central coordinators in the criminal justice process for offenders with developmental disabilities.

참여정부는 사교육비 경감 및 교육격차 해소를 위한 다양한 정책을 추진해왔다. 참여정부 출범 이후 추진된 여러 가지 관련 정책 중에서도 가장 대표적 정책으로 꼽을 수 있는 것에는 방과후학교와 사이버가정학습이 있다. 두 정책은 동일한 정책적 목표 설정에도 불구하고 상호 연계가 미흡하며, 상호 연계와 관련한 학계의 연구도 거의 이루어지지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 방과후학교 프로그램과 사이버가정학습을 연계하는 방안을 정책적인 차원에서 제안하고자 하였다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 문헌연구를 통해 사이버가정학습 및 방과 후 학교 운영 현황 및 실태를 조사하였으며, 운영 사례를 검토함으로써 운영 실태 및 문제점을 파악하였다. 또한 사이버가정학습 및 방과후 학교 운영에 직접 참여하고 있는 전문가들과의 면담과 전문가 협의회를 통해 연계방안에 대한 의견을 수렴하였다. 연구 결과 사이버가정학습과 방과후 학교 연계 방안으로 네 가지 모형- 온라인-오프라인 연계 모형, 온라인 중심 운영 모형, 온라인 행정 지원 모형, 지역단위 방과후활동 통합 지원 모형 -을 제시하였다.

The purpose of this study was to find ways to link up Cyber Home Study with Afterschool in order to result in a win-win situation. To achieve the research goal, we reviewed the previous research and literatures related to the cyber home study and the afterschool program. Then, we proposed the four linking models; combining online with offline, online centered, integrating afterschool activities, supporting online administration. First model, combining online with offline, was applying various methods mixed online with offline, such as one week for online and one week for offline. Utilizing each merit of online and offline, such as provide learning contents via online and offer activities or problem solving tasks in the (offline) classroom. The online centered model, was that the Cyber Home Study was to replace the Afterschool programs where are lack of experts, such as small size schools of local areas like farm villages, fishing villages, and mountain villages. In this case, realtime video/audio tutoring systems need to be positively considered. Third model, integrating afterschool activities, was to combine Afterschool activities among the departments which have similar purposes to that of Department of Education in Korean government. The last model, supporting online adminstration, was to establish new comprehensive information systems to support administrative works for Afterschool as well as the teaching and learning service in Cyber Home Study, so that maximizes educational effects with the online system integrating teaching-learning and educational administration.

본 논문은 Gabor 웨이브렛 변환을 이용하여 무표정을 포함한 표정영상에서 얼굴의 주요 요소들의 경계선을 추출한 후, FCM 군집화 알고리즘을 적용하여 무표정 영상에서 저차원의 대표적인 특징점을 추출한다. 무표정 영상의 특징점들은 표정영상의 특징점들을 추출하기 위한 템플릿으로 사용되어지며, 표정영상의 특징점 추출은 무표정 영상의 특징점과 동적 연결모형을 이용하여 개략적인 정합과 정밀한 정합 과정의 두단계로 이루어진다. 본 논문에서는 Gabor 웨이브렛과 FCM 군집화 알고리즘을 기반으로 동적 연결모형을 이용하여 표정영상에서 특징점들을 자동으로 추출할 수 있음을 제시한다. 본 연구결과는 자동 특징추출을 이용한 차원모형기반 얼굴 표정인식[1]에서 얼굴표정의 특징점을 자동으로 추출하는 데 적용되었다.

This Paper extracts the edge of main components of face with Gator wavelets transformation in facial expression images. FCM(Fuzzy C-Means) clustering algorithm then extracts the representative feature points of low dimensionality from the edge extracted in neutral face. The feature-points of the neutral face is used as a template to extract the feature-points of facial expression images. To match point to Point feature points on an expression face against each feature point on a neutral face, it consists of two steps using a dynamic linking model, which are called the coarse mapping and the fine mapping. This paper presents an automatic extraction of feature-points by dynamic linking model based on Gabor wavelets and fuzzy C-means(FCM) algorithm. The result of this study was applied to extract features automatically in facial expression recognition based on dimension[1].

기업은 기업시민의식(corporate citizenship)을 통해 적극적으로 사회적 책임을 다하고 사회문제 해결에 관여함으로써 보다 능동적으로 시민적 의무를 수행하여야 한다는 시대적 요구가 대두되고 있다. 이와 관련된 기존 연구는 기업의 사회적 책임 활동에 대한 구성원의 인식이 그들의 긍정적 태도와 행동을 촉진함으로써 조직의 효과성을 높일 수 있다는 점에 초점을 맞춘 반면에, 기업시민활동에 참여를 요구받은 조직원이 경험할 수 있는 부정적 측면을 간과하였다. 이에 본 연구는 자원고갈(resource depletion)과 자원충실(resource enrichment)이라는 양면적 관점을 기반으로, 구성원의 기업시민활동참여가 그들이 갖는 이중적 태도(업무과중인식, 일의 의미와 보람)를 통하여 조직시민행동에 미치는 심리적 과정을 살펴보았다. 또한 이러한 심리적 반응의 정도를 조절하는 다양한 상황요인을 조사함으로써 참여 구성원의 업무과중인식을 줄이고 일의 의미와 보람을 통해 조직시민행동을 높이는 방안을 탐색하였다. 본 실증연구는 다양한 기업시민활동을 활발히 전개해온 국내 P사의 구성원들을 대상으로 종단적 설문조사를 통해 획득한 200명의 응답을 분석하였다. 결과에 따르면, 첫째, 구성원의 기업시민활동참여는 그들의 일의 의미와 보람의 인식을 통해서 조직시민행동에 정(+)의 간접효과를 미쳤다. 하지만, 업무과중인식을 통한 간접효과는 부(-)의 방향성은 띄었으나 유의하지 않았다. 둘째, 기업시민활동과 기업의 핵심역량과의 관련성(내재성)이 낮고, 참여 속에서 구성원이 강점을 활용할 기회가 제한적이고, 기업시민활동에 대한 정당성 인식이 결여되고, 참여자의 이타성이 낮을 때, 기업시민활동참여가 업무과중인식을 통해 구성원의 조직시민행동에 미치는 부(-)의 간접효과는 유의미하게 강화되었다. 셋째, 이러한 조절요인들이 높을 때, 기업시민활동참여가 일의 의미와 보람을 통해 구성원의 조직시민행동에 미치는 정(+)의 간접효과는, 낮을 때에 비해서, 유의미하게 높았다. 이상의 실증분석 결과를 바탕으로 이론적, 실무적 시사점을 도출하고, 연구의 한계와 향후 연구방향에 대해서 논의하였다.

An increasing number of companies proactively exercise their citizenship rights. Placing an emphasis on the positive relationship between perceived corporate citizenship activities (CCA) and positive employee outcomes, prior research has overlooked negative attitudes held by the employees who are required to participate in such CCA activities. Building on depletion-based and enrichment-based perspectives, this study examined the dual-pathway (work overload and meaningfulness of work) through which employee participation in CCA relates to their organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). By investigating various contextual factors that moderate the relationship between participation in CCA and positive and negative employee attitudes, this study also proposes ways to reduce perceived work overload while increasing OCB through meaningfulness of work. A longitudinal online survey was conducted among employees of a company that had engaged in various CCA. Using 200 sets of responses obtained at two different points in time, we found that employee participation in CCA had a positive indirect relationship with their OCB through meaningfulness of work, while participation in CCA did not produced a significant indirect effect on OCB through perceived work overload. Secondly, when CCA (a) relates to the core competencies of the companies, (b) provides opportunities for utilizing employee strengths, (c) helps employees recognize the legitimacy of CCA, and (d) is driven by other-oriented participant motives, the positive indirect effects of participation in CCA on OCB through meaningfulness of work were strengthened. In contrast, when these contextual factors were low, the negative indirect effect of participation in CCA on OCB through work overload was significant.

인터넷 사용자들이 정적인 정보 페이지 검색의 형태를 벗어나 인터넷상에서 프로그램을 실행하여 정보를 해석하고 볼 뿐만 아니라, 변경하고 새롭게 창조할 수 있는 동적인 정보를 제공하기 위해 가장 보편적인 3차원 데이터, 3D MAX-Studio의 텍스트 출력물인 ASE 포맷 파일을 파싱하여 렌더링 해주는 3D Viewer 프로그램 구현 하고, 이를 ActiveX 컴포넌트인 OCX로 만들어 웹 페이지 상에서 실행 가능하게 한다. 그리고 데이터의 효율적 관리와 사용자와의 상호작용을 위하여 ASE 모델들을 위한 데이터베이스를 구축하여 사용자 상호작용적인 3D View Web Service를 실현한다. 이를 통하여 인터넷을 통한 실시간적인 정보 교환이나, 네트워크상의 가상공간 내에서의 공통 업무 작업의 가능성을 내다 보았다.

최근 개체 링킹에 대한 연구들은 지식 베이스를 외부 자원으로 사용하여 실세계의 지식과 의미적인 관련도를 통해 중의성을 해소하는데 중점을 두고 있다. 지식 베이스를 사용한 개체 링킹은 신문기사나 블로그 포스트 등에서는 좋은 성능을 보이지만, 마이크로블로그에서는 짧은 텍스트 길이와 지식 베이스에 존재하지 않는 주제를 다루는 특성 때문에 비교적 낮은 성능을 보인다. 본 논문에서는 140자가 되지 않는 짧은 텍스트 내에서 실시간으로 빠르게 정보를 공유하는 특성을 가지는 마이크로블로그에서 나타나는 개체명의 중의성을 해소하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 지식 베이스만 사용하는 개체 링킹의 한계를 극복하기 위해 마이크로블로그 사용자 기록과 뉴스 기사를 이용하고, 지식 베이스에 존재하는 특정 엔트리로 개체 링킹을 수행한다. 본 논문에서는 개체명을 포함하는 한국어 트윗을 추출하여 데이터를 구축하였다. 성능 평가는 정확도 지표(시스템이 정답으로 판정한 데이터 개수/전체 데이터 개수)를 사용하였으며, 제안하는 시스템은 구축한 데이터에서 기존 지식 베이스만 사용한 개체 링킹 시스템보다 높은 67.7%의 정확도를 나타내었다.

Recent researches on Entity Linking(EL) have attempted to disambiguate entities by using a knowledge base to handle the semantic relatedness and up-to-date information. However, EL for tweets using a knowledge base is still unsatisfactory, mainly because the tweet data are mostly composed of short and noisy contexts and real-time issues. The EL system the present work builds up links ambiguous entities to the corresponding entries in a given knowledge base via exploring the news articles and the user history. Using news articles, the system can overcome the problem of Wikipedia coverage (i.e., not handling real-time issues). In addition, given that users usually post tweets related to their particular interests, the current system referring to the user history robustly and effectively works with a small size of tweet data. In this paper, we propose an approach to building an EL system that links ambiguous entities to the corresponding entries in a given knowledge base through the news articles and the user history. We created a dataset of Korean tweets including ambiguous entities randomly selected from the extracted tweets over a seven-day period and evaluated the system using this dataset. We use accuracy index(number of correct answer given by system/number of data set) The experimental results show that our system achieves a accuracy of 67.7% and outperforms the EL methods that exclusively use a knowledge base.

본 연구에서는 교량의 정보를 효율적으로 관리하고 활용할 수 있는 3차원 형상기반 표준정보모델을, 현실 세계와 유사한 3차원 가상공간에 표현함으로써 실제 공간에 대해 보다 정확한 분석을 수행 할 수 있도록 교량정보모델과 3차원 지리정보체계를 연계하는 방안을 제시하였다. 교량의 표준정보모델은 기존에 개발된 STEP 기반의 교량정보모델을 활용하였으며, 3차원 지리정보체계는 지리정보상에 3차원 도시객체를 표현하기 위한 표준데이터모델인 CityGML를 활용하였다. 교량정보모델을 GIS와 연계하기 위한 핵심 요소인 교량구조물의 형상표현 LOD(Level of Detail)는 CityGML의 가이드라인을 준용하여 교량구조물에 적합하도록 새롭게 구성하였다. 즉, 빌딩구조물 위주로 정의되어진 기존의 CityGML의 한계점을 극복하기 위해, 총 5단계의 교량구조물의 LOD를 작성하여 각 단계별로 지리정보 상에 교량 형상을 표현할 수 있도록 LOD를 정의하였다. 또한, 두 모델을 소프트웨어적으로 연계하기 위하여 기존의 STEP 기반 교량정보모델을 활용하여, GIS의 정보로 변환하기 위한 소프트웨어 아키텍처를 구성하였다.

최근 글로벌 금융시장은 COVID 충격이후 저금리와 양적완화로 인한 유동성 장세 및 변동성 증가로 주가가 높은 상관관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 주가가 극단치 꼬리 의존성(tail dependence)을 가질 것으로 보아 이를 더 잘 설명하는 Copula 모형을 시장리스크 측정에 적용하였다. 실증분석 데이터는 벤치마크 시장포트폴리오로 미국 주식시장의 Vanguard S&P500 ETF와 GICKS의 글로벌 산업분류 표준에 의한 11개 산업의 Vanguard ETF 섹터를 분석에 사용하였으며, 분석기간은 2018년 1월 3일~2021년 3월 17일까지이다. 본 연구의 분석모형은 MSCI의 BARRA 산업요인모형(IFM)을 수정한 베타요인모형(BFM)을 최초로 적용하였으며, 공격적 베타와 방어적 베타의 최소분산 가중치를 Student’s t-Copula-VaR 및 ES를 산출하는 데 적용하였다. 분석 결과를 요약하면, BFM모형의 연간 수익률은 2.688%로서 공매도를 제약한 공격적 베타 41.72%와 방어적 베타 39.44%에 비해 현저히 낮았으며, 이 같은 결과는 공매도에 기인된 것으로 추정된다. 또한 모수적 및 비모수적 방법에 의한 VaR, Student’s t-VaR, 그리고 Student’s t-ES는 신뢰수준이 클수록 크며, BFM의 시장 리스크는 모수적 및 비모수적 방법에 관계없이 베타 투자전략에 비해 더 낮았다. 또한 Student’s t-Copula VaR 및 ES는 베타 투자전략에서 모수적 방법이 비모수적 방법보다 작고, 비모수적 방법의 시장 리스크는 공격적 베타 투자전략이 방어적 베타 투자전략 보다 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 공헌도는 BFM을 시장 리스크 측정에 최초로 도입하였으며, 리스크 매니저가 모델 시장위험을 선제적으로 대응할 수 있는 방향성을 제시하였다. 또한 변동성 충격을 반영하기 위한 꼬리 의존성의 적용은 주변확률(Marginal) t-분포에 의한 통계량(, , )을 계산한 후 모수적(parametric) Student’s t-Copula VaR 및 ES에 대한 분석적(analytic)산출이 가능하도록 하였다. 본 연구의 한계점은 변동성 충격 시기 전·후의 시장 리스크의 차이점을 분석하지 못한 한계점이 존재한다. 추후 연구과제로는 이 같은 한계점을 극복하고 시변(time-varying)변동성이 고려된 동태적(dynamics) Copula를 적용하는 데 대한 연구가 필요하다.

Recently, the global financial market has been shown to show a high correlation with the stock price, along with the increase in liquidity market and volatility due to low interest rates and quantitative easing after the COVID shock. Therefore, the Copula model, which explains this behavior better, was applied to the market risk measurement, considering that stock prices have extreme tail dependence of high kurtosis and thick skewness. For the empirical analysis data, the US stock market was analyzed, and the Vanguard S&P 500 ETF and the Vanguard ETF sector of 11 industries according to the global industry classification standard of GICKS were used for the analysis as the benchmark market portfolio. The analysis period is from January 3, 2018 to March 17, 2021. For the analysis model of this study, the beta factor model (BFM) modified from MSCI's BARRA industry factor model (IFM) was applied to this study for the first time, and the minimum variance weight calculated as a beta investment strategy divided into aggressive beta and defensive beta was applied to calculate Student's t-Copula-VaR and ES. To summarize the analysis results, VaR, Student’s t-VaR, and Student’s t-ES by parametric and non-parametric methods increased as the confidence level increased, and the market risk of BFM was lower than that of beta investment strategies regardless of parametric and non-parametric methods. Also, in Student's t-Copula VaR and ES, the parametric method was smaller than the non-parametric method in the beta investment strategy, and the market risk of the non-parametric method was greater in the aggressive beta investment strategy than the defensive beta investment strategy. The contribution of this study introduced BFM for the first time to calculate market risk, and suggested a direction for risk managers to preemptively respond to market risk in the model portfolio. In addition, in order to apply the tail dependence to reflect the volatility shock, statistics(,,) by marginal t-distribution were calculated, and then parametric Student's t-Copula VaR and ES were analyzed analytically. calculation was made possible. A limitation of this study is that it does not analyze the difference between the same portfolio rebalancing strategy and market risk analysis results before and after the volatility shock period. As a future research task, it is necessary to overcome this limitation and to apply a dynamics Copula that considers time-varying variability.