Earticle

본 연구에서는 인간의 선택에 영향을 주는 요소들 중 시간선호, 위험선호, 이타성이라는 세 가지를 선택하여 이들이 종교와 어떤 상관 관계를 가지는지를 탐색하였다. 한국은불교, 개신교, 가톨릭, 무교가 각각 인구의 상당 부분을 차지하는 유일한 국가로, 종교간비교 연구를 하기에 매우 좋은 환경이지만 실증적 연구는 아직 많지 않다. 본 연구에서는종교와 인간 행동에 관련된 선행연구들을 참고하여 불교, 개신교, 가톨릭, 무교 집단 간차이점이 있는지 살펴보았다. 934명의 성인을 대상으로 자기 평가와 실험경제학적 설문에 의해 수집된 자료를 분석하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 위험선호에 있어서 무교를 선택한 응답자들이 가장 위험 회피적이다. 기존 연구들은 종교를 가진 사람이 더 위험 회피적인 경우와 위험 자산을 더 많이 보유하는 경우로결과가 혼재한다. 본 연구의 결과는 신앙인들이 위험에 대해서 종교적으로 극복이 가능한 것으로 생각하고 위험에 노출되는 것에 더 두려움이 없는 반면, 무교인 사람은 위험을더 민감하게 받아들이기 때문인 것으로 추측된다. 둘째, 시간선호에 있어서 무교인 사람들이 가장 현재 선호도가 높았고 이는 기존 연구결과와 유사하다. 주관적으로는 불교 신자들이 가장 현재를 선호하는 것으로 나왔으나 실험상으로는 가장 미래를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 현재에 초점을 맞추라고 하는 불교의 교리와 윤회를 믿는 세계관 때문에 모순적인 답변이 나온 것으로 추측된다. 셋째, 무교인 응답자들의 이타적 성향이 낮게 나타났으며, 기존 연구결과와 일치한다. 이타성 실험 결과에서는 개신교의 이타적 성향이 높게 나왔는데 이는 종교적 기부에 익숙하고 사회사업에 적극적인 한국 개신교의특징을 보여주는 것일 수 있다. 끝으로 샘플 대표성과 내생성 문제 등 본 연구의 제한점을논의하였다. 프라이밍(priming)의 효과가 종교별로 차이가 있는지를 중심으로 한 후속연구가 정책 제안의 측면에서 효용성이 높을 것이라 판단된다.

Risk aversion, time preference, and altruism are important factors of human decisions. Korea is the only country in the world where Buddhists, Catholics, Protestants, and Non-religious each take significant portions of population. Hence it may give us an interesting result to examine the relationship between religiousness and these factors and to compare differences among those groups. In this research, I analysed the data from a survey of 934 adults in Korea, asking to do self-evaluation and perform a series of experimental games assessing the degrees of time preference, risk aversion, and altruism. The findings are compared with those from previous researches. Firstly, non-religious people are most risk-averse. Previous researches report mixed outcomes in that religious people are more risk-averse but they purchase more risky assets such as stocks. The outcome in this research is interpreted that people feel more secure with their religion. Secondly, non-religious people have the highest discount rate, i.e., they prefer the present the most. It is similar to the existing literature from other countries. Buddhists report to prefer the present in self-assessment, but turn out to prefer the future the most in the experiment. This may be from their world-view of infinite reincarnation of lives and their emphasis of focusing on the present moment. Thirdly, non-religious people are less altruistic, and it complies with the existing outcomes. Protestants show the highest degree of altruism, and this may reflect the active participation of Korean churches in social work. Lastly, I discussed the limit of this research such as sampling bias and endogeneity. I suggest the research on the effect of the priming across different religions will be more efficient in designing policies to increase social welfare in the future.

As interest in the Internet increases, related technologies are also quickly progressing. As smart devices become more widely used, interest is growing in words are missing here like "improving the" or "figuring out how to use the" future Internet to resolve the fundamental issues of transmission quality and security. The future Internet is being studied to improve the limits of existing Internet structures and to reflect new requirements. In particular, research on words are missing here like "finding new forms of" or "applying new forms of" or "studying various types of" or "finding ways to provide more" reliable communication to connect the Internet to various services is in demand. In this paper, we analyze the security threats caused by malicious activities in the future Internet and propose a human behavior analysis-based security service model for malware detection and intrusion prevention to provide more reliable communication. Our proposed service model provides high reliability services by responding to security threats by detecting various malware intrusions and protocol authentications based on human behavior.

As society develops, the demand for security is rapidly increasing. Accordingly, there is growing interest in research on methods to detect and prevent abnormal behavior using surveillance cameras in public places and private spaces such as shopping malls and airports for human safety. Many detection techniques based on deep learning models have been researched in the field of abnormal behavior detection. However, due to the lack of labeled abnormal behavior data, there are significant difficulties in developing an effective detection system. This paper surveys methods for deep learning methods to detect abnormal human behavior in surveillance video and presents recent techniques. First, I will introduce popular datasets that have often been used in previous research. After that, we categorized the existing methods for detecting abnormal behavior using deep learning into three types: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and partially-supervised learning. We then explained the basic concepts and advantages of each method and summarized their shortcomings. We also briefly describe future research directions based on the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Based on this, it is expected that the technology of video surveillance systems that apply abnormal behavior detection will further develop.

Purpose: This descriptive study identified factors influencing high school students’ in tentions to receive human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination using Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior as the guiding framework. Methods: Participants were 192 male and female high school seniors aged 18 years or older who could express their opinions independently. In April 2023, participants com pleted structured, self-administered questionnaires assessing HPV vaccination intention, HPV knowledge, attitudes toward HPV vaccination, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance with the Scheffe post hoc test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression. Results: Intention to receive HPV vaccination was significantly predicted by subjective norms (β=0.31, p<.001), perceived behavioral control (β=0.31, p<.001), attitudes (β=0.22, p<.001), and school gender composition (β=0.19, p=.005). Subjective norms and perceived behavioral control exerted the greatest influence and together explained 54% of the vari ance in intention (adjusted R2=0.54). Conclusion: These findings provide fundamental evidence for developing effective in terventions to enhance high school students’ intentions to receive HPV vaccination. Ef forts should focus on fostering positive perceptions of HPV vaccination by providing ac curate information about its benefits and potential adverse effects, supported by credible public messaging.

본 연구의 목표는 보드게임에서 인간의 행동을 모방하고 예측하여 인간 수준의 성능을 달성하 는 AI를 만드는 것이다. 그 사례로 Dixit이라고 하는 보드게임을 사용하였는데 이는 창의력과 상상력을 자극하는 카드 게임으로, 주로 3명 이상의 플레이어들이 자신이 가진 카드를 다른 사 람들에게 설명하여, 다른 사람들이 그 카드를 맞추도록 유도하는 게임이다. 우리는 디지털 카 드 예측을 위한 AI 모델을 설계하고, 다양한 데이터 전처리 기법과 모델링 방법을 비교 분석하 여 최적의 성능을 도출하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 본 연구에서는 출제자가 제시한 카드를 예측 하는 문제를 다루며, 다양한 임베딩 기법(Word2Vec, GloVe)과 LSTM 모델을 활용하여 예측 정 확도를 개선하였다. 실험 결과, 데이터 전처리 방식과 모델링 방법에 따른 정확도 차이를 관찰 할 수 있었으며, 카드 번호를 단어로 취급하여 모델에 입력하는 방식이 성능 향상에 기여했다. 또한, 모델에 LSTM층과 Bidirectional 층을 추가한 실험에서 인간 성능을 능가하는 높은 정확 도를 기록했다.

The goal of this study is to create an AI that can replicate and predict human behavior in board games, achieving human-level performance. As a case study, we used the board game Dixit, a card game that stimulates creativity and imagination. In Dixit, players, typically three or more, describe the cards in their hands to encourage others to guess which card they are referring to. We aimed to design an AI model for predicting digital cards and to identify the optimal performance through a comparison and analysis of various data preprocessing and machine learning techniques. In this study, we addressed the problem of predicting the card chosen by the storyteller (the person providing the description), using different embedding techniques (such as Word2Vec and GloVe) and LSTM models to improve prediction accuracy. The results showed differences in accuracy depending on the data preprocessing and modeling approaches. Notably, treating card numbers as words and inputting them into the model led to improved performance. Additionally, adding LSTM and Bidirectional layers to the model resulted in accuracy higher than human players.

The transformative power of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is fundamentally reshaping the healthcare landscape. However, much less is known about how individual users perceive AI-based mobile health interventions. Motivated by such gaps, this study aims to identify (1) the effect of AI interventions on health behavior change, (2) whether AI interventions are as effective as human interventions, and (3) how we can improve the effectiveness of AI interventions with human, reliability, or transparency-related features. Result suggested that while AI intervention effectively improves the achievement rate of health behavior change, it is significantly less effective than Human intervention. The result also shows that users exhibit the highest achievement rate when they receive Human-AI intervention. Regarding the effect of reliability and transparency features on users’ health behavior change, AI-Transparency intervention exhibits a significantly higher achievement rate compared to AI intervention while AI-Reliability intervention does not outperform AI intervention.

폭력 피해자가 폭력 가해자가 되는 폭력의 악순환은 큰 사회적 문제이며, 이러한 악순환의 고리를 끊는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구는 폭력 피해를 경험한 아동이 차별 가해라는 새로운 폭력을 행하게 되는 경로에서 자기인권평가의 매개효과를 살펴보고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 ｢2017년 아동⋅ 청소년 인권실태조사｣의 데이터를 바탕으로 2,770명의 중학교 1학년부터 3학년까지의 학생을 대상 으로 분석을 진행하였다. 연구 결과, 자기인권평가는 부모폭력, 교사폭력 피해경험과 차별가해행위 와의 관계를 매개하였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해서 부모, 교사폭력 피해를 경험한 아동들은 자기인권평 가를 통해 차별가해행위로 이어지는 경로에 노출될 수 있다는 것이 확인되었다. 이를 통해 아동인권 기반 개입, 특히 아동이 속한 환경 속에서 인권 존중의 분위기를 형성하는 것의 중요성에 대해 강조 하였다. 폭력피해를 경험한 아동들이 차별가해행위로 나아가지 않도록 자신의 인권이 존중되고 있 음을 인식할 수 있는 기반을 가정, 학교, 지역사회 내에서 만들어줌으로써 폭력을 경험한 아동이 새로운 폭력의 가해자가 되고, 또 새로운 피해자를 양산해내는 사이클을 막을 수 있을 것이다.

The vicious cycle of violence in which victims of violence become perpetrators of violence is a severe social problem, and it is important to break the vicious circle. The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effect of self-human rights assessment in the path that children who have victimization experience practice discrimination against other people. The analysis was conducted using data from 2,770 students from the first to third grades of middle school based on data from the 2017 Survey on Human Rights of Children and Youth. As a result of the study, self-human rights assessment mediated the relationship between parental violence, teacher violence, and discriminatory behavior. The results of this study confirmed that children who have experienced parental and teacher violence lower their self-human rights assessment, and that lead to discriminatory behavior. Through this, the importance of intervention based on children’s human rights, especially to form an atmosphere of respect for human rights in the environment in which children belong is emphasized.

In this study, the optimal dynamic isolation system for gas operated combat weapon has been investigated. For this purpose, firstly, the dynamic behavior of human induced by firing operations has been analyzed through a series of experimental works using the devised test setup. The characteristics of linear impulse has been compared under some conditions of support system. In order to design the optimal dynamic isolation system, parameter optimization process has been performed based on the simplified isolation system under constraints of moving displacement and transmitted force. Finally, the performance of the designed dynamic absorbing system has been evaluated by simulation.

본 연구는 인권감수성이 학교폭력 가해행위에 미치는 영향을 검증하기 위한 목적으로 설계되었다. 조사를 위해 부산의 전 구군의 중․고등학생 4,050명의 설문지를 최종 분석하였다. 연구결과로는 학교폭력 가해행위와 인권감수성은 부적(-)상관관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 인권감수성이 학교폭력 가해행위에 미치는 영향에서는 신체폭행과 언어폭력가해를 제외한 학교폭력의 모든 하위영역에서 결과 지각이 부적영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 통제변수에서는 성별이 따돌림과 물건강탈을 제외한 모든 종속변수에서 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 구체적으로는 학교급에서는 중학교가 인문고보다 신체폭행, 따돌림, 괴롭힘, 언어폭력에서 가해행위가 더 높았으며, 전문고는 중학교보다 물건강탈 가해행위가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 부모의 정서적 지원은 학교폭력 가해행위의 모든 하위영역에서 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 논의 및 제언이 이루어졌다.

The study was conducted to verify how human right sensitivity affects school violence. Four thousand fifty middle and high school students living in Busan participated in this research and their answers to the questionaries were analyzed. The results showed that school violence was inversely related with human right sensitivity. When it came to correlation between human right sensitivity and school violence, the lack of perception about results caused by school violence was a major negative element affecting all the subordinate factors of school violence except physical and verbal violence. The sex variable had a statistically significant influence on every dependent variable other than bullying and forcibly taking things from someone. Physical assault, bullying, harrassment, and verbal assault more frequently happened in middle schools than in academic high schools, and vocational high schools have more cases related to forcibly taking things from others than middle schools. Emotional support from parents was an dependent variable significantly affecting every type of school violence. Some suggestions and discussions were made based on the research results.

연구목적: 유아교사의 인권감수성과 우울이 문제행동지도전략에 어떠한 방식으로 영향을 미치는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 구체적으로 유아교사의 인권감수성이 문제행동지도전략에 미치는 영향이 우울 정도에 따라 달라지는지를 살펴보았다. 연구방법: 임의선정된 유아교육기관 22곳에 근무하며 연구 참여에 자발적으로 동의한 유아교사 223명을 대상으로 설문지 조사연구를 하였으며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS-WIN 27.0 프로그램을 이용하여 적률상관계수, 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과: 첫째, 유아교사의 예방적 지도전략 및 긍정적 반응지도전략에 대해 인권감수성은 유의한 정적 관계를, 우울은 유의한 부적 관계를 보였다. 반면 유아교사의 부정적 반응지도전략에 대해 인권감수성은 유의한 부적 관계를, 우울은 정적 관계를 보였다. 둘째, 유아교사의 긍정적 반응지도전략에 대해 인권감수성과 우울의 상호작용효과가 유의하였다. 즉, 유아교사의 우울은 인권감수성이 긍정적 문제행동지도전략에 미치는 영향력에 대해 조절 효과를 보여 우울 수준이 낮은 경우에만 두 변인간의 관계가 유의하였다. 결론: 유아교사의 긍정적 문제행동지도전략 증진을 위해서는 인권감수성과 우울을 함께 고려한 다각적 노력이 필요함을 시사한다.

Objective: This study investigated the influence of human rights sensitivity and depression on preschool teachers’ problem-behavior guidance strategies, and in paticular investigated the moderating role of depression in the effect of human rights sensitivity on problem-behavior guidance strategies. Methods: A questionnaire survey was administered to 223 preschool teachers, and the collected data were analyzed using product-moment correlation analysis and hierarchical multiple regression. Results: Preschool teachers’ human rights sensitivity and depression were significantly correlated with their problem-behavior guidance strategies. Second, their depression moderated the effect of their human rights sensitivity on their positive response guidance strategy, while the effect of their human rights sensitivity on their positive response guidance strategy was significant only when the level of depression was low. Conclusion: These results suggest that it is necessary to consider human rights and depression together to promote positive problme-behavior guidance strategies for preschool teachers.

본 연구는 지금까지 국내에서 발표된 계획된 행동이론 및 확장된 이론을 적용한 논문에 대한 메타분석을 통해 계획된 행동이론의 확장을 위해 사용된 개념들을 검토해 보았다 . 또한 이들 개념이 추가됨에 따라 계획된 행동이론의 설명력 증가에 얼마나 기여하고 있는지를 살펴보았다 . 이를 위해 2016년까지 국내 학술지에 발표된 217편의 연구를 대상으로 분석을 실시하였다 . 그 결과 , 계획된 행동이론의 설명력을 증가시기키 위해 사용된 추가 개념은 과거 행동 , 습관 , 과거 경험 , 도덕규범 , 집단 규범 , 기술 규범 , 지식 , 자기효능감 , 자기정 체성 , 실천의도 등이 많이 다루어지고 있었다 . 습관 , 과거 행동 , 도덕규범은 행동의도나 행동을 설명하는 변량을 증가시키는 데 큰 영향을 미치고 있었다 . 특히 이들 개념은 행동의 도나 행동에 직접적으로 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타나 향후 계획된 행동이론을 확장 하는 데 있어 유용한 개념이 될 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다 . 본 연구는 인간 행동을 설명하는 데 널리 적용된 대표적인 이론가운데 하나인 계획된 행동이론을 확장하는 데 있어 검토할 수 있는 요인과 그 설명력을 살펴보았다는 데 가장 큰 의의를 찾을 수 있다.

The purpose of this study is to review the concepts used for the expansion of the theory of planned behavior and to show the change of variance of additional variables of the theory of planned behavior. To do this, this study examined how much the addition of these concepts contributed to the increase in the explanatory power of the theory of planned behavior. Through a meta-analysis on 217 studies published up to the end of 2016 in Korea. The most frequently used concepts in the extension of the theory of planned behavior are past behavior, habit, past experience, moral norm, group norm, descriptive norm, knowledge, self-efficacy, self-identity, and implementation intention. The habit, past behavior, and moral norm had a great effect to increase variance explaining the behavior intention or behavior. Also this study has found that these concepts could be useful to extend the theory of planned behavior. This finding implies that additional variables are significant in the extension of the theory of planned behavior. Based on the findings of the present meta-analysis, this study discussed the future directions in which current the theory of planned behavior research can be taken forward.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of knowledge of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and health beliefs related to HPV vaccination on the intention of cervical cancer prevention behavior in Nurses. Methods: Data were collected by conducting a survey of 222 nurses at a single tertiary hospital in J city from September 26 to October 02, 2019. The data were analyzed in SPSS WIN version 23.0 using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Multiple linear regression. Results: The mean score for HPV knowledge was 7.98. Regarding health beliefs about HPV vaccination, the mean score for the level of perceived benefit was 3.08, and for perceived sensitivity was 2.09. The factors influencing the intention of cervical cancer prevention behavior were perceived benefits, severity, contraception, clinical career, and experience with HPV testing. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that it is necessary to develop and apply education programs that enhance cervical cancer and HPV knowledge. Health beliefs related to HPV vaccination should be integrated when developing nursing intervention to improve the intention of cervical cancer prevention behavior in nurses.

연구목적: 일반적으로, 사람들은 일상생활 속에서 자신이 어떻게, 어디서 걷는지 등에 대해 많은 관심 을 기울이지 않는 경향이 있다. 하지만, 심각한 화재나 지진이 일어났을 때, 사람들은 가능한 한 빨리 위 험지역에서 벗어나려고 노력한다. 만일 사람들이 비상상황에서 의사결정 이론에 근거하여 탈출하게 된다면, 사상 자는 크게 줄어들게 될 것이다. 본 연구는 심리학적인 관점과 인지과학의 관점으로 인간의 행동을 보다 구체적으로 이해하고자 한다. 연구방법: 본 연구에서는 유튜브, CCTV 등에서 얻은 비상상 황에서의 영상자료를 수집하여 상황별 사람들의 보행 특성을 분류하였다. 연구결과: 비상상황에서의 보행자의 속도나 방향 전환이 평상시와 전혀 다른 특징을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 재난 발생 시 탈출 방향이 주로 한 방향이기 때문에, 방향전환이 적으며, 평균 보행속도가 상대적으로 높은 것으로 나타났 다. 분석결과, 평상시에서의 인간의 행동은 살면서 학습한 습관에 기반하지만 비상 상황의 경우, 원초적 인 본능에 기반하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 본 연구에서 활용된 방법론과 연구 결과는 비상상황에서 사람들의 보행 행태에 대한 시뮬레이션과 분석에 활용 될 수 있을것으로 판단된다.

Purpose: When a serious disaster occurred in East Japan on March 11, 2011, some evacuees in shock failed to avoid danger to the best of their ability. Why did they hesitate and waste their time? And why didn’t they choose correct escaping routes? This study attempts to classify human behavior through psychological point of view and cognitive science and to interpret behavioral patterns based on animal behaviors from the field of biology. Method: This study first conceptually categorized walking behavior into intellectualization, automaticity and instinct based on the existing literature and matched these with empirical data. Result: The actual walking patterns observed failed to be compatible with these categories and consequently, this study suggests the following five categories: normal, busy, fast & straight, freezing and tizzy. This new classification of walking behavior is based on speed, variation of speed and change of direction. Conclusion: The method used in this study and the results can be applied to simulations of walking behavior and analysis of behavior in emergency situations.

본 연구는 방음터널 내 차량 화재 발생 시 화재 양상과 인체 피해 및 피난 안전성을 정량적으로 평가하기 위해 Fire Dynamics Simulator(FDS)를 활용하였다. 주요 분석 지표는 온도, 열방출률(HRR), 가시도, CO·CO2·O2 농도로 설정하여 내연기관차(ICEV)와 전기차(EV)를 비교하였다. EV 화재는 최대 HRR이 ICEV보다 약 1.6배 높 았으며, 온도와 가시도 임계 조건에 각각 104초, 92초 빠르게 도달하여 급격한 피난 제약 환경을 형성하였다. CO, CO2, O2 농도는 두 차량 모두에서 기준치를 초과하지 않아, 본 연구 조건에서는 독성가스보다 온도 상승과 가시 도 저하가 주요 제약 요인으로 확인되었다. 또한 현행 방음터널 관련 지침은 소재의 불연·난연 성능만 규정하고 있어 방음터널의 화재 안전성 확보를 위해서는 대체 소재 적용과 이를 뒷받침할 법·제도적 기반 마련이 필요하다.

This study investigated the fire safety of soundproof tunnels by analyzing vehicle fire scenarios using the Fire Dynamics Simulator. Human impact indicators including temperature, heat release rate, carbon monoxide concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, oxygen concentration, and visibility at respiratory height (1.8 m above the floor) were assessed. Results indicated that electric vehicle fires produced a maximum heat release rate of 34,668 kW, approximately 1.6 times higher than internal combustion engine vehicle fires. Electric vehicle fires reached the critical thresholds of temperature (60 ℃) and visibility (5 m) 104 seconds and 92 seconds earlier, respectively. Under simulated conditions, toxic gas levels remained below hazardous thresholds, implying that evacuation safety was mainly threatened by heat and smoke visibility. Both electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles quickly created hazardous conditions, emphasizing the structural vulnerability of soundproof tunnels. Moreover, current guidelines only mandate non-combustible or flame-retardant materials, underscoring the urgent need for alternative materials and stronger legal and institutional frameworks to ensure tunnel fire safety.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships among knowledge, cancer information seeking behavior, and Willingness for education about Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among school teachers. Methods: The subjects were 135teachers who had were working in the middle or high school in Korea. Data were collected by a self-report questionnaire, 2011. Data were analyzed by using the SPSS WIN 18.0 program. Results: There was a positive relationship between information seeking behavior and Willingness for education about HPV vaccination. There were differences in Willingness for education according to necessity of HPV vaccination for premarital women above 16-year old and marital women below 45-year old, and necessity of education for students. The Willingness for education were predicted by information seeking behavior, groups who HPV vaccination is necessary to premarital women above 16-year old, and HPV vaccination education for student is necessary. These variables explained 25.0% of the variance of the Willingness for education about HPV vaccination. Conclusion: The Willingness for education about HPV vaccination among middle or high school teachers could be improved by the emphasis of the preception that HPV vaccination is necessary to middle or high school students and is related to the prevention of cervical cancer.