Earticle

선박에 설치되는 개구(Opening)는 사람이 드나드는 문(door)과 화물 출입구(cargo access hatch) 그리고 닫힌 장소에 사람이 드나들기 위한 맨홀(manhole)이 있다. 특히 해치는 수밀이 필요한 경우가 많아 폐쇄장치가 복잡한 기구로 구성되게 된다. 이 연구에서는 생산효율 및 품질향상을 위해 유압으로 작동하는 취부용 지그(JIG)를 개발하였다.

The 30mm wheel type anti-aircraft gun replaces the aging anti-aircraft gun in the front and is a weapon system for local anti-aircraft defense against enemy aircraft and small unmanned vehicles. In the field, damage to the turret hatch/closed hatch pin occurred between the operation of the wheel type anti-aircraft gun. As a result of the sem analysis of the hatch pin fracture surface, it appears that brittleness fracture occurred and fatigue fracture occurred at the final fracture surface while reaching the fatigue strength by repetitive loads. The hatch angle fixing pin and bracket shapes were changed to disperse the stress concentration. As a result of checking the location of the vulnerable area of the hatch pin and the shear stress value through structural analysis, the safety factor improved from 1.46 to 2.95 after improvement. Through this study, it is expected to be used as a reference material for failure analysis and design plan for the existing system in the future.

이 연구는 초등학생들의 이성교제 경험을 질적 연구를 통해 탐색하는 데 목적을 두었으며, 문화기술지(ethnography)의 방법으로 연구 문제에 접근하였다. 이를 위해 이성교제 경험이 있 거나 이성교제 모습을 가까이서 지켜본 경험이 있는 초등학교 5, 6학년 학생 6명을 연구에 참여시켰으며, 이들과 약 2～3주에 걸친 심층 면담을 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료 는 Hatch의 ‘귀납적 분석’을 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과 초등학생들의 이성교제 경험에 대한 8가지 주제가 나타났다. 이후 8가지 주제에 대한 해석을 진행하였는데, 이를 통해 초등 학생들의 이성교제 경험에 담긴 의미를 도출하였다. 그들의 이성교제 경험에는 <아무리 좋 아도 내 자존심이 먼저>, <둘만의 어색함 피하기>, <수단으로서의 이성교제>, <이성과의 유연한 사교를 위한 자원 습득의 과정> 등의 의미가 담긴 것으로 해석되었다. 마지막으로 연구 결과가 교육과 상담의 측면에서 갖는 함의에 대해 논의하였다.

The purpose of this study was to shed light on elementary school students’ dating experiences through ethnographic interviews with six students, who had direct or indirect experiences of dating. Analysis of the interview data was carried out using Hatch’s inductive analysis method, from which eight themes were subsequently drawn. These themes were classified into four meaning categories, which are ‘ My pride is more important than you, even though I like you a lot.’, ‘I don’t feel comfortable alone with you.’, ‘The relationship of improving one’s image’, ‘Getting resources that can be applied to social interaction with the opposite sex’. Finally, the results were discussed with regard to their implications to the fields of both education, and counseling.

The purpose of this study was to assess the optimal standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) requirement for male White Pekin ducklings with a specific focus on growth performance for the 3 weeks following hatching. A total of 384 one-day-old male White Pekin ducklings were allocated to six different dietary treatments, each containing varying levels of digestible Lys content ranging from 0.72% to 1.12%. All amino acids in the diets remained consistent except for Lys. The ducklings were randomly distributed into 24-floor pens, with each treatment group comprising eight pens, and each pen housing eight ducklings. The diets were offered ad-libitum throughout the study. Weekly measurements of body weight and feed intake were recorded to calculate the feed conversion ratio. The SID Lys requirement was determined by analyzing the data using both linear-plateau and quadratic-plateau models and calculating the mean value. The results demonstrated a significant linear (p < 0.001) and quadratic (p < 0.001) improvement in body weight gain and feed efficiency with increasing SID Lys content in the diet. According to the linear-plateau regression analysis, the estimated SID Lys requirements for final body weight, weight gain, and feed efficiency were 1.00%, 1.00%, and 0.98%, respectively. Conversely, the quadratic-plateau regression analysis yielded estimated SID Lys requirements of 1.11%, 1.11%, and 1.10%, respectively, for the same parameters. In summary, this study established that the recommended SID Lys levels for White Pekin ducklings for the 3 wk period after hatching were found to be 1.05%, 1.05%, and 1.04% for achieving the finest final body weight, daily gain, and feed efficiency, respectively.

바다거북 7종은 모두 CITES의 부속서 1급에 등재되어있으며, IUCN 멸종위기(멸종위기종, 심각한 위기종 및 취약종)혹은 정보부족으로 지정되어 현재 전 세계적으로 보호받고 있다. 우 리나라에서는 국내 연안에 출현하는 푸른바다거북, 붉은바다거북, 올리브바다거북, 장수거북, 매부리바다거북 5종이 해양보호생물로 지정되어 보호·관리받고 있다. 아쿠아플라넷 여수(이 하 여수 AQ)에서는 바다거북 종 보전을 위하여 푸른바다거북과 매부리바다거북의 인공증식 에 성공하여 실내사육을 진행하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 2017년 여수 AQ에서 국내 최초 바다 거북 번식 성공한 사례를 바탕으로 바다거북의 산란 특성과 부화한 유체의 사육 특성을 분석 하였다. 여수AQ는 번식에 중요한 요인 중 하나인 영양 관리를 위해 개체의 컨디션을 유지하였고, 바다거북의 생물학적 특성과 번식 주기에 관한 상관관계를 파악하기 위해 매월 혈액을 채취 하였다. 또, 정기적으로 초음파 검사를 진행하여 암컷의 난황 발달을 확인하였고, 번식 가능 성이 있는 개체를 합사하여 교미 유도를 진행하였다. 그 결과 2017년 푸른바다거북은 10차례 에 걸쳐 594개의 알을 산란하였고, 최종적으로 121마리의 새끼가 부화하였다. 푸른바다거북은 야생에서 약 100개씩 2~3회를 산란하는 것으로 알려져 있는데, 그에 비해 여수 AQ에서 번식한 푸른바다거북은 야생 개체에 비해 3~4배로 많은 수치로 보인다. 이러한 결과는 안정적인 실내 환경이나, 지속적인 먹이 활동 등 개체의 건강성 등이 원인일 수 있으 며, 야생에서는 실내 사육하는 바다거북보다 여러 번 번식하였지만 측정되지 않았을 가능성 이 있다. 10차에 걸친 산란 중 1차란은 대부분 미수정란이였고, 점차 부화율이 높아져 5차란 은 60%으로 가장 높은 부화율을 보였다. 하지만, 후반 차수로 갈수록 알의 건강도가 좋지 않 았으며, 미수정률이 높아 부화율이 낮아지는 특성을 보였다. 바다거북의 교미 특성상 암컷은 여러 수컷과 교미를 하는데 번식 시기인 개체의 부족으로 암, 수 1:1 교미를 진행하였기 때문 에 후반 차수로 갈수록 수정이 되지 않았을 가능성이 높은 것으로 판단된다. 이렇게 산란한 알들은 인공부화기로 옮겨져 약 50~60일 사이에 부화하였고, 부화 후에는 개별 사육 수조에서 단독 사육을 진행하였다. 바다거북 전용 영양제와 함께 크릴과 전갱이를 다져 2회/일 체중의 15%까지 제공하였다. 또한, 부화한 개체의 충분한 안정기를 거친 후 건 강상태가 양호한 개체를 대상으로 부화 9일차부터 성장도를 측정하였다. 부화 9일 차의 어린 개체의 평균 등갑직선길이는 44.5mm, 등갑직선너비는 36.6mm이었고, 몸무게는 22.4g으로 측정되었다. 이후 계속해서 1회/월의 주기로 성장도 측정을 진행하였고, 현재 5년생의 푸른바다 거북의 평균 등갑직선길이는 53cm, 등갑직선너비는 44.1cm, 몸무게는 21.7kg이다. 연구 결과를 종합하였을 때 여수AQ의 푸른바다거북의 번식은 처음 시도한 인공증식임에 도 불구하고 안정적으로 번식하였다. 다만 초기 산란한 알과 후반 차수의 알이 미수정란이 많았던 것으로 보아 추후 암컷이 많은 수컷과 충분한 교미를 할 수 있도록 유도하는 것이 필 요할 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 태어나서 모래사장을 벗어날 때 성장도를 측정하여 야생개체와 비교하는 것도 바다거북 유체의 생태 연구에 필요할 것으로 판단되어 추후 인공증식 시 부화 직후의 크기를 측정할 예정이다. 이 연구는 해양수산부의 '서식지외보전기관 지원사업' 및 국 립해양생물자원관 연구사업(2022E00300)의 지원을 받아 수행되었다.

Unloading operation by the unloader is dependent on the experience of the operator in the cabin. If the operator receives information about the unloading situation in the process of lifting the bucket, it is possible to prevent the collision of the bucket with the ship structure. In recent years, numerous measurement systems have become available on the market for three-dimensional surveying of objects, but they are very expensive. This study presents a high quality, low cost 3D laser scanning system designed for object recognition. The developed 3D laser scanning system is built on the base of a 2D laser sensor by the extension with a servo motor and a rotation module. In order to evaluate performance of the developed 3D laser scanning system, the developed system was applied to scan a shape of hatch and cargo holder on a cargo ship. Experimental results showed that to obtain a 3D scanning data for the area around the hatch and cargo holder.

1990년대 후반 지방자치시대가 시작된 이후 현재까지, 대다수의 지방자치단체(이하 지자체)들은 저마다 고유한 지역적 특성을 바탕으로 한 아이덴티티 디자인 개발을 통해 경쟁력을 높이고자 노력해 왔다. 이는 지역 간, 도시 간 경쟁이 가속화 되고 있는 시대적 흐름 속에서 각 지자체들이 타 지역과 차별화된 아이덴티티 확립과 매력적인 이미지 구축을 무엇보다 중요한 문제로 받아들여 왔음을 반증하고 있다. 특히 세계적인 문화경쟁 시대에서 대부분의 지자체들이 지역 브랜드 및 아이덴티티 디자인 도입을 가속화하고 있으며, 그 결과로 많은 수의 지자체 상징 캐릭터가 개발 및 활용되고 있다. 이는 친근한 이미지를 바탕으로 공감과 커뮤니케이션이 용이한 캐릭터의 매체적 특징을 적극적으로 활용하려는 지자체의 전략과 의지가 반영된 것이라고 볼 수 있다. 그러나 많은 지자체 캐릭터가 그 지역의 특징을 차별화된 이미지로 표출하고, 장기적으로 지역민의 사랑을 받음으로써 지역 브랜드로서의 가치를 인정받은 사례는 많지 않다. 지역의 상징 캐릭터가 생명력을 얻기 위해서는 가장 먼저 지역민들과의 소통을 통해 그들의 사랑과 지지를 받는 것이 중요하다. 이를 통해 캐릭터는 대중들 사이에서 살아있는 존재로서 생명력을 얻게 되고 지역을 대표하는 상징으로서 자리 잡을 수 있으며 나아가 글로벌 경쟁력을 갖춘 문화 콘텐츠로 성장할 수 있기 때문이다. 그러기 위해서 지역민과 지역문화가 지닌 특징적인 한국적 감수성과 표상이 드러나 있는 친근한 캐릭터 개발이 필요하다고 볼 수 있다. 본 논문은, 한국 전통 문화 속에서 나타난 한국적 감수성 및 표상과 캐릭터의 매체적, 문화적 특징을 분석하여 이 둘 사이의 연관성을 탐구함으로써 보다 경쟁력 있는 지자체 캐릭터 개발을 위한 방향성에 대해 모색해 보고자 한다. 이를 위해 서울시 상징캐릭터 ‘해치’의 개발 과정에 대한 탐구를 통해 그 방향성을 구체적으로 살펴보고자 한다.

Up until now since late 1990s, when the era of local governments began, many of them have tried to gain competitive advantage by creating identity design development which is based on each region's distinctive local features. That indicates that they have taken it as one of the most important issues that each local government should make differentiated identity establishment and attractive image creation with the change of the times of more fierce rivalry among regions and cities. Especially, most local governments speed up introducing local brand and making identical design when the world is competing for cultural dominance which resulted in a great deal of local character development and its application. That is reflective of local governments' strategy and commitment in order to actively utilize the characters as the special media which are easy to empathize and communicate with based on friendly images. However, there are not many examples showing that local governments' characters express their differentiated unique images and be recognized with its worth as a local brand by receiving local people's affection in the long run. Above all, it is important for the local characters to win local people's affection and support to last its vitality through communicating with local people. By doing this, characters could have life force as living existence throughout the public and become representative local emblem, growing as cultural contents equipped with global competitiveness. In order to get the outcome, it is necessary to develop distinctively stereotyped friendly characters representing local people and their culture with Korean sentiment and emblem. This thesis is to find a way to develop more competitive local characters through analyzing Korean sentiment and emblem shown as in traditional korean culture passed down with its focus on public culture and traditional cultural characters as media features and researching its links between them. To achieve this, it intends to propose the specific direction by researching the process of development on Seoul's symbolic character, "Hatch".

Post panamax급 container vessel에 hatch cover용 bearing pad type을 flexible pad로 확대 적용하여 경쟁력 확보

This study investigated the effect of the hatch spacing parameter on the microstructure and mechanical properties of SA508 Gr.3 steel manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) for a nuclear pressure vessel. Materials were prepared with varying hatch spacing (0.04 mm [H4] and 0.06 mm [H6]). The H4 exhibited finer and more uniformly distributed grains, while the H6 showed less porosity and a lower defect fraction. The yield strength of the H4 material was higher than that of the H6 material, but there was a smaller difference between the materials in tensile strength. The measured elongation was 5.65% for the H4 material and 10.41% for the H6 material, showing a significantly higher value for H6. An explanation for this is that although the H4 material had a microstructure of small and uniform grains, it contained larger and more numerous pore defects than the H6 material, facilitating stress concentration and the initiation of microcracks.

Micro-scale grooved crosshatch pattern of tribological applications is an attractive technology of engineered surface. So, friction reduction is considered to be necessary for more improved efficiency of machines. This work investigated the effect of friction property for angles of micro-scale crosshatch grooved surface pattern on bearing steel flat mated with pin-on-disk. We obtain sample which can be fabricated by photolithography process. We discuss friction property depend on an angle of cross-hatch grooved pattern. We can show the lubrication mechanism as a Stribeck curve, which has a relationship between the friction coefficient and a dimensionless parameter under the lubrication condition. It was observed that the friction coefficient was related to angle of crosshatch on surface, even when surface pattern was the same density.

Whereas the finite element method is well established today, the boundary element method is a fairly recent development. Both are general-purpose methods for the solution of various structural analysis problem. The B.E.M has several potential advantages relative to the F.E.M. One of them is that the number of unknowns in algebraic system obtained by discretization is proportional to the number of boundary nodes. Anothor advantage is the ease of discretization and input data preparation. However, the B.E.M. always leads to a fully populated and unsymmetric system of equations. Even though the number of degree-of-freedom is reduced as compared with F.E.M, since nodes exist on the boundary only in the B.E.M, to follow that the effort to solve the equations can be greater. It has been shown also that the time spent in setting up the coefficient matrix is a significant and can, in some cases, be greater than the time required to solve the equation. Thus, one can naturally consider the idea that two methods should be coupled, then the advantages of both methods can be taken. And further, by using this coupling method the HATCH CORNER was analyzed to give initial design data.

Many edentulous posterior maxilla are found to be compromised by alveolar resorption and increased pneumatization of the sinus. One of the surgical procedures to overcome this anatomical limitation is sinus floor elevation with bone graft, which is reported as more appropriate and more successful procedure. Commonly, if the residual bone height is over 5mm, sinus floor elevation is operated through transcrestal approach using osteotome technique. But, it is possible for patients to feel discomfort during operation and dizziness after operation while malleting, sinus floor elevation, using osteotome technique. Some instruments and methods has been used to overcome these problems and use more easily. The aim of this study is to compare between the surgical procedure of sinus floor elevation using Hatch reamer technique and that of sinus floor elevation using osteotome technique. From 2004 Feb to 2007 Oct, we investigate patients (osteotome group: 72, Hatch reamer group: 70) who were given implant surgery with sinus floor elevation (osteotome group: 92, Hatch reamer group: 98). We analysed gender, age, residual bone height, amount of sinus floor elevation, used graft material, total success rate, failure rate by residual bone height and implant type and discomfort during operation, etc. The results obtained were as follows. 1. In the amount of sinus elevation was osteotome group was $3.85{\pm}1.02\;mm$ and Hatch reamer group was $3.93{\pm}1.38\;mm$. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). 2. At the total success rate, osteotome group was 92.4% and Hatch reamer group was 94.9%. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). 3. On the discomfort during the operation by using numerical rating scale, osteotome group was $2.87{\pm}0.83$ and Hatch reamer group was $1.12{\pm}0.64$. There was statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The Hatch reamer group clinical results was similar to osteotome group and we thought that Hatch reamer technique can overcome the faults of osteotome technique.

엘빈 해치(Elvin Hatch)는 윤리적 상대주의가 지닌 관용(Tolerance)의 미덕을 긍정한다. 하지만 그러한 미덕은 인간의 복지라는 인도주의의 원칙을 위반하지 않는 한도 내에서만 긍정될 수 있다고 본다. 해치는 윤리적 상대주의를 완전히 폐기하는 것에 반대한다. 하지만 최종적으로 어느 한계에 이르면 인도주의의 원칙에 의해서 상대주의는 극복되어야 한다고 생각한다. 그러나 이러한 해치의 주장은 여전히 인도주의라는 명분하에 가해질 수 있는 억압과 폭력을 정당화할 수 있는 위험을 지닌다는 점에서 적극적으로 지지하기 어려워 보인다. 적어도 해치가 이러한 어려움과 위험에서 벗어나기 위해서는 그의 기본적인 전략 즉 부분적으로 윤리적 상대주의를 지지하면서 인도주의를 직접 결합시키려는 시도를 포기해야 한다. 오히려 윤리적 상대주의에 대한 일관된 지지 속에서 인도주의가 추구하는 가치 내지는 그것의 발견 가능성을 도출할 수 있는 새로운 방법론을 찾는 것이 보다 민주적인 인도주의의 적용과 실행을 가져올 수 있다. 본고는 윤리적 상대주의와 인도주의의 단순한 결합을 통해 상대주의가 지닌 난점을 해결하고자 했던 해치의 기획이 지닌 한계를 드러내고자 한다. 동시에 이러한 문제 상황을 벗어날 수 있는 새로운 대안을 제시하는데 초점을 맞춘다.

This paper deals with the relation between ethical relativism and humanitarianism. In particular, I will focus on Elvin Hatch's theory related to ethical relativism. Basically ethical relativism assumes that there are no absolute truth in ethics and that what is morally right or wrong varies from person to person or from society to society. Of course ethical relativist would like to maintain that everything except the thesis of relativism is relative. In Hatch's view, it is possible to make a combination between ethical relativism and humanitarianism through applying humanitarian principles on ethical relativism in the perspective of welfare. However, there might be some problems like violence or oppression because universal moral standards could ignore cultural diversity. Firstly, I will deal with the history of relativism in anthropology. Secondly, I will examine Hatch's theory in which ethical relativism should be limited by humanitarian principles when it breaks welfare rules. Lastly, I will argue that Hatch's argument has some limits associated with its practice.

The shipping plan for an efficient augmentation of terminal is NP-hard problem which is subordinate to a shipping quantity. The load location problem and stowage planning problem are two important tactical problems for the efficient operations of container terminals. This paper is concerned with reduction of feasible region in constraints for stowage planning. After designing model which minimizes the number of shifting and the travel distance of the transfer crane, the simulated annealing algorithm is employed to search optimal solution quickly and accurately. In order to apply more realistic approach, the partial restriction through adding hatch is complemented to stowage planning decision problem applied in cluster. A variety of numerical experiments demonstrated that solutions by simulated annealing algorithm are useful and applicable in practice.

In cargo vessels, hatch covers are used to prevent sea water from penetrating into the cargo hold and to keep the vessels buoyant. And also they can be used as cargo loading devices as in container ships. In this paper, hatch covers are classified according to their operation method and their characteristics are briefly demonstrated. Systematic description on the scantling of the hatch cover panel and how to determine the capacity of the hydraulic power system fir folding hatch cover panels are also presented. The hydraulic power system is selected from the result of dynamic analysis of the movements of the hatch cover panels when stored on the upper deck. The hatch coaming height is determined as shortly as the hydraulic cylinders can be installed. This study deals with the hatch cover system of the medium sized multi-purpose cargo vessel, but the results of this study can be applied to large-sized cargo vessels with a slight change of the input data in the calculations. Further research on the high pressure pump, hydraulic cleating system and hydraulic piping will realize domestic production of the whole hatch cover system which have been supplied from foreign makers until now

The cross-linguistic variations in passivization of ditransitive verb phrases are given a locality-based analysis. We show that passivization of the lower internal argument is possible only when two types of locality circumvention strategies are utilized. We, in particular, propose that escape hatch type of locality circumvention strategy responsible for the observed passivization asymmetry can be explained in terms of (anti-)locality. The variations in passivization patterns are yielded by interaction between applicative (VP) structures and movement constraints, namely standard locality and anti-locality. (Anti-)locality also confirms the distribution of phases in applicative heads.

The response of broiler chicks to intubation of nutrients (starch, casein, soybean oil or their combinations) into the crop immediately after hatch was evaluated for performance, intestinal development, meat yield and immune competence up to 35 d of age. A control group with no access to feed and two test groups fed either inert material (sawdust) or starter diet for the initial 24 h after hatch were compared with nutrient intubated groups (n = 7). A total of 300 broiler chicks were equally distributed to 10 dietary groups with 6 replicates of 5 chicks each. After 24 h of hatch, all groups were fed ad libitum the starter (0-21 d) and finisher diets (22-35 d). Results indicated that post-hatch intubation of starch into the crop significantly (p${\leq}$0.05) improved body weight (at 14 and 35 d of age), readyto-cook meat yields, weights of breast muscle and small intestine segments, cell-mediated immune response, ND titers and weight of bursa compared to chicks starved or fed sawdust during the initial 24 h after hatch. However, chicks with access to feed immediately after hatch or intubation of starch, soybean oil, starch+casein, starch+soybean oil or starch+casein+soybean oil exhibited similar positive effects. Intubation of casein either alone or in combination with soybean oil was superior to the starved or sawdust fed groups, but inferior to other groups for all the parameters studied. It was concluded from the study that intubation of starch individually or in combination with casein and/or soybean oil effectively circumvented the negative effects of post-hatch starvation for 24 h. Among the nutrients intubated, carbohydrate (starch) was better utilized by the chicks than protein (casein) or fat during the initial post-hatch period.

Recent growth in global economic situation has led dramatic increase in new buildings of large containerships. These increased new building orders have brought keen concerns of developing and improving the quality of design and increasing the productivity of the vessel in order to satisfy the ship Owner's various requirements. For the increment of productivity and quality of containership, the plastic type bearing pad of cargo hatch cover has been investigated intensively for years with the supplier of cargo hatch cover. The result of investigation showed that there are numbers of advantages for the Owner and Builder over the existing bronze bearing pads which are better corrosion resistance long life time, low friction coefficient, easy maintenance, easy installation, better production lead time and low maintenance cost.