Earticle

In case vehicle system has low travel distance and short duration of engine operation, this can be relatively susceptible to engine scuffing related problem. Users also experience inconvenience in system maintenance that they have to manually start engine periodically in cold night during winter. In order to solve such problems and improve system's life cycle, the automatic engine start system is developed. In order to develop the automatic engine start sytem for air defense system BIHO, two types of engine start sytem and the engine sub system are studied and four steps to start and control the automatic engine start system is suggested. The prototype of automatic engine start system was tested for the single assembly and vehicle-installed test and all requirement of the system was madeto prove its possible application.

In this analysis, the analytical model was verified through the normal mode analysis of the piston for the 2.9 liter IDI (indirect injection) engine. Heat transfer analysis was carried out by selecting two cases of applied temperature using the validated model. The first case was a condition of 350℃ on the piston upper surface and 100℃ on the piston body and inner wall. In the second case, the conditions were set to give a temperature of 400℃ on the upper surface of the piston and 100℃ on the piston body and the inner wall. In addition, the temperature distribution due to heat transfer was obtained for the pistons with boundary conditions of two cases, and then the thermal stress distribution due to thermal expansion was obtained using the input. Using this analysis result, the thermal stress caused by thermal expansion due to the thermal conduction of the piston is examined and used as the basic data for design.

Various vibrations occur while a ship is in operation. In the propulsion shaft systems of medium and small-sized vessels, it is common to install elastic couplings to prevent fluctuating torque from being directly transmitted to the reduction gear system and to avoid damage caused by torsional vibrations. However, the majority of elastic couplings are currently imported. The engine speed was gradually increased during the coupling test, while the vibrations were measured. At the point of maximum output, the engine speed was maintained at a constant level to observe the structural vibrations of the engine. This study aims to localize the production of elastic couplings by addressing the issue from the perspectives of torsional and structural vibrations to verify their operational performance.

This study aims to measure the current control waveform of an injector in real time using the developed monitoring system and verify its compliance with the manufacturer’s control waveform requirements. The measured operating waveforms include a peak current phase of 20A and a hold current phase of 10A. The injector of the engine was tested at 1500 RPM and 2000 RPM under conditions of normal fuel injection, small fuel injection, and large fuel injection. In this research, a real-time monitoring system was designed, incorporating an FPGA board and RS232 communication for PC interaction. This system is capable of measuring four channels simultaneously. Furthermore, it is expected that the system could measure up to 12 cylinders concurrently with the addition of more current probes while maintaining the same system configuration. The real-time collection of output waveforms using the developed monitoring system confirmed that the injector operates correctly and meets the manufacturer’s requirements.

In this article, improvement of heat screen failure for battle tank is proposed. The heat screen applied to protect a cam sensor from engine heat was cracked by vibrations generated in the engine. To solve this problem, the configuration of the heat screen was changed to a structure that can avoid engine vibration levels. The improved heat screen has first mode frequency at 4,000 RPM band outside the main operating range of the engine, and heat dissipation is at the same level as conventional heat screen. As a result, the improved heat screen secured reliability by improving vibration effects by approximately 163% while maintaining heat dissipation performance.

이 글은 현재 SBS에서 방송되고 있는 리얼리티 프로그램 <스타부부쇼 자기야>의 텍스트 분석을 통해 그 안에서 나타나는 엔진과 코드를 무엇 이며, 그 엔진과 코드가 리얼리즘 재현 도구로써 텔레비전 리얼리즘이 현 실의 리얼리즘을 어떠한 방식으로 재현하고 있는지, 또 그것의 사회 문화 적 함의는 무엇인지에 관하여 살펴보고자 하였다. 분석결과 <스타부부쇼 자기야>에 나타난 엔진은 사생활 폭로, 묻지마 토크, OX퀴즈, 시민설문, 일반인카메라, 자막, 삽화, 질문토크, 남녀 대적 엔진으로 나타났다. 또한 코드로 작동 된 카메라 기법은 close up과 mid-shot, Deep focus 등의 통해 수용자와의 거리를 좁혀 친밀감과 동일시, 이야기의 신뢰감을 유도했다. 내용면에서는 이야기(narrative)와 대화(dialogue)를 통해 다양한 부호화 (encoding)/해독화(decoding)의 방식을 열어둠으로써 읽는 주체(reading subject)를 넓히는 현상을 살펴보았다. 이러한 엔진과 코드가 실제 생활에서 수용 자로 하여금 자기동일시, 감정개입, 전형성, 사실성, 그럴듯함을 보이면서 간접적 리얼리즘, 도구적 리얼리즘으로 작동되고 있음을 파악할 수 있었 으며, 이는 한국 현실의 사회문화적 함의를 반영하는 도구적 기제로 사용 됨을 알 수 있었다.

This study is currently being broadcast on SBS reality program <Star Couple Show Baby>through the analysis of the text that appears in the code, what is the engine. Television realism, the engine and the code as a tool to representation the realism, should have been representation the realism of reality in what kind of method, and its social and cultural implications of what were conducted. Analytical result, the engine which in <Star Couple Show Baby> appears private life exposes, do not ask talk, OX quiz, civil survey, the common person camera, captions, illustrations, the question talk and the man and woman powerful enemy engine. The code also works such as close up, mid-shot and deep focus of camera techniques as narrow the distance between the audience identification and intimacy, credibility of the story was derived. Through narrative and dialogue for a variety of ways, encoding, decoding by way of an open mind and extend reading subject phenomenon has been investigated. The engine and the code to consumers in real life, showing self-identification, plausibility, typicality, factuality, emotional involvement, perceptual persuasiveness, could find work indirect realism, instrumental realism. This social and cultural implication of South Korea reflects the reality that it was found that the instrumental use basis.

Fault detection of rotating engine components in the aircraft engine is a challenging task that must constantly be monitored to provide aviation safety. In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on multi-layer perceptron (MLP) to detect in real time the degree of faults in a turbine engine disk due to a crack. To further improve detection accuracy while reducing computational complexity, the recursive feature elimination (RFE) is applied as a potent feature selection method. Satisfactorily, simulation results show that the proposed framework is robust to changes in operating conditions and outperforms comparative approaches.

네트워크 기술이 발전함에 따라 보안을 위한 암호화나 VPN(Virtual Private LAN)등의 기술 이 일반적인 네트워크 환경과 클라우드 환경에서 사용 사례가 점차 증가하고 있다. 네트워크는 일반 적으로 1500Byte 패킷 단위로 통신하기 때문에 VPN과 같은 서비스를 제공하는 기술은 네트워크 패 킷의 헤더가 추가됨으로써 패킷 헤더의 오버헤드 증가와 Fragmentation 발생으로 인한 네트워크 전 송효율이 감소하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 추가되는 헤더를 압축하여 네트워크 전송효율을 증가시키기 위해 표준 프로토콜로 제안되어있는 ROHC를 기반으로 ROHC Engine을 설계하고, 범용 OS인 리 눅스에서 구현 후 헤더 압축 과정의 기능 검정 방법을 제시한다.

As network evolves, network techniques such as network security or VPN (Virtual Private LAN) have been used increasingly in cloud computing as well as general network environment. Because the default Ethernet MTU is 1500 bytes, adding a packet header in VPN increases communication overhead and fragmentation, reducing the network transmission efficiency. This paper proposes a ROHC Engine for increasing the network transmission efficiency by compressing the additional headers. The ROHC Engine is designed based on the ROHC standard protocol and implemented in Linux for its function verification. This paper presents how detailed functions of the proposed ROHC engine are verified in Linux.

VR 및 AR은 대중들이 접근하기 어려운 기술이 아닌, 개인용 스마트 폰 하나로 체험 및 활용 할 수 있는 시 대가 되었다. 최근 이런 개인용 스마트 폰의 다양한 센서를 활용한 AR 콘텐츠가 개발되고 서비스 되고 있다. AR 콘텐츠의 수요가 커지면서Software교육의 수요도 커지게 되었다. 하지만, 비전공자들도 배우기 쉬운 Python 언어를 중심으로 SW 교육이 활발해졌음에도, 아직까지 AR 콘텐츠 개발에서는 Python을 적극적으로 사용할 수 없다. AR 콘텐츠는 기술 분야 뿐 아니라 인터렉티브 아트 분야에서도 활발하게 사용되고 있다. 최근 인터 렉티브 아티스트들은 Python을 이용하여 인공지능을 활용한 작품을 개발 및 전시하고 있다. Python을 통한 SW 교육은 SW 분야의 취업에만 필요한 것이 아니라 아트 분야에서도 필요한 교육이 되었다. 본 논문에서는 AR 콘텐츠 개발 교육을 위한 Python과 Unity 3D Engine을 이용한 네트워크 기반 AR 프레임 워크를 제안한다. 제 안한 AR 프레임 워크는 Web 기반 브라우저에서 개인용 스마트 폰의 카메라에 접근하여 카메라 정보를 Main Server에 전송하고 Python에서 Mark를 분석한다. Mark 정보에 맞춰 Unity 3D Engine에서 3D 오브젝트를 렌더 링하고, 카메라 정보화 합성 후, MJPEG 스트리밍으로 개인용 스마트 폰 화면에 렌더링 된다. 본 논문에서 제 안한 AR 프레임 워크는 SW 교육 플랫폼과 비대면 교육 플랫폼의 요구사항을 반영하며, 인터렉티브 아티스트 들의 다양한 도전에 필요한 기술적 제한을 낮춰 줄 것으로 기대한다.

VR and AR are not technologies that are difficult for the public to access, but can be experienced and used with a single personal smartphone. Recently, AR content using various sensors of these personal smartphones has been developed and serviced. As the demand for AR content grew, so did the demand for software education. However, although SW education has become active around Python languages that are easy for non-majors to learn, Python cannot be actively used in AR content development. AR content is actively used not only in the technical field but also in the interactive art field. Recently, interactive artists have been developing and exhibiting works using artificial intelligence using Python. SW education through Python is not only necessary for employment in the SW field, but has also become necessary education in the art field. This paper proposes a network-based AR framework using Python and Unity 3D Engine for AR content development education. The proposed AR framework accesses the camera of a personal smartphone from a web-based browser, transmits camera information to the Main Server, and analyzes Mark on Python. It renders 3D objects in Unity 3D Engine according to Mark information, synthesizes camera informatization, and renders them on personal smartphone screens with MJPEG streaming. The AR framework proposed in this paper reflects the requirements of SW education platforms and non-face-to-face education platforms, and is expected to lower the technical limitations required for various challenges of interactive artists..

스마트 팩토리는 IT와 OT 환경의 융합으로 제조 공정의 자동화 및 효율성을 향상시키고 있으나, 지능형 지속 위협과 같은 다계층 사이버 공격에 노출되고 있다. 기존 단일 계층 기반 보안 체계는 위와 같은 공격을 탐지하는 데 한계를 보인다. 본 논 문에서는 스마트 팩토리 OT 환경을 대상으로 네트워크 트래픽, 제조 공정 이상, 데이터 무결성을 통합 분석 후 대응하는 SOAR 기반 다계층 위협 탐지 프레임워크를 제안한다. 제안 프레임워크는 Tri-Engine AI 구조를 통해 이기종 데이터를 병렬 분석하고, 다계층 상관 분석을 통해 오탐을 최소화한다. 또한 SOAR와 연동하여 공정 가용성을 저해하지 않는 범위 내에서 자 동 대응을 수행한다. 실험 결과, 제안 프레임워크는 기존 단일 계층 탐지 모델 대비 재현율 98.7%를 달성하며, 높은 탐지 성능 을 보였다. 또한 SOAR 기반 자동 대응 시 1.29초의 평균 대응 시간을 기록하여, 다계층 분석에 따른 연산 오버헤드를 최소화 하고 단일 모델과 비슷한 수준의 실시간성을 유지함으로써 실제 OT 운영 환경에 적용 가능한 유효성을 입증하였다.

Smart factories enhance manufacturing automation through IT-OT convergence but are vulnerable to multi-layer cyber attacks such as Advanced Persistent Threats. Existing single-layer security systems have limitations in detecting such attacks. This paper proposes a SOAR-based multi-layer threat detection framework that analyzes network traffic, manufacturing process anomalies, and data integrity for smart factory OT environments. The framework employs a Tri-Engine AI structure for parallel analysis of heterogeneous data and minimizes false positives through multi-layer correlation. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves 98.7% recall rate, significantly outperforming single-layer models. With SOAR-based automated response, it records an average response time of 1.29 seconds, proving its real-time applicability to actual OT environments while minimizing computational overhead.

실감형 콘텐츠 관련 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. AR을 중심으로 한 실감형 콘텐츠의 발전은 스마트 폰을 이용하여 실세계에 3D 가상 콘텐츠를 추가하는 것을 넘어, 대형 건축물에 Projection Mapping을 하는 Media Facade 콘텐츠로 발전되었다. 최근 Projection Mapping을 이용한 Media Facade를 활용한 광고 콘텐츠의 수요가 증가하면서 Projection Mapping콘텐츠에 대한 교육과 시스템개발이 요구 되고 있다. Projection Mapping을 처음 배우는 교육생의 경우, 투사할 사물 및 건축물을 만드는 것부터 큰 어려움으로 작용된다. 사물 및 건축물을 구축하기 위해서는 그만한 자원과 재원이 요구되며, 한번 만들고 나면 다시 자원 을 활용하여 바꾸기 쉽지 않다. 본 논문에서는 Projection Mapping 교육을 위한 Unity 3D Engine 기반 Projection Mapping Simulation을 제안한다. 제안된 Projection Mapping Simulation는 Unity 3D Engine을 기반하였기 때문에 무료로 교육생들이 사용이 가능하며, 다양한 3D Object File를 활용하여 사물 및 건축물을 나타내고 조작할 수 있다. 또한, Projection Mapping에 쓰이는 영상을 Video 뿐 아니라, 실시간 3D Rendering으로 사용할 수도 있다. 본 논문에서 제안한 Projection Mapping Simulation는 교육생들에게 공간과 사 물 및 건축물의 이해를 돋기 위한 실험의 장이 될 것이며, Projection Mapping 콘텐츠 연구 자들에게는 여러 Projection Mapping 기법을 실험 및 연구할 수 있는 장이 되길 희망한다.

Research on realistic content is actively underway. The development of realistic content centered on AR has gone beyond adding 3D virtual content to the real world using smartphones and has developed into Media Facade content that uses projection mapping on large buildings. Recently, as the demand for advertising content using Media Facade using Projection Mapping increases, education and system development for Projection Mapping content are required. For trainees learning Projection Mapping for the first time, creating objects and buildings to project poses a great challenge. Building objects and buildings requires a lot of resources and resources, and once created, it is not easy to use resources to change them again. In this paper, we propose Projection Mapping Simulation based on Unity 3D Engine for projection mapping education. Because the proposed Projection Mapping Simulation is based on the Unity 3D Engine, it can be used by trainees for free, and objects and buildings can be represented and manipulated using various 3D Object Files. In addition, the video used for projection mapping can be used not only as video but also for real-time 3D rendering. We hope that the Projection Mapping Simulation proposed in this paper will be a place for experimentation to enhance trainees' understanding of space, objects, and buildings, and for Projection Mapping content researchers to experiment and research various projection mapping techniques.

The study will design the structural optimization of 30W LED heat sink using the thermal conductive plastic materials. The advantages of thermal conductive plastic heat sink are having formability and being able to lighten products. A heat sink was optimized in terms of the number, and the thickness of fins and the base thickness of the heat sink, using the Heatsinkdesigner software. Also by using SolidWorks Flow simulation and thermal analysis software, the thermal characteristics of the heat sink were analyzed. As the result, the optimized heat sink has 22 fins, which are 1.5mm thick and a 3.8mm-thick base. The weight of the heat sink was 310g, and the highest and the lowest temperature were 64.93℃ and 45.96℃ respectively. Because of the low thermal conductivity of the thermal conductive plastic, the highest and the lowest temperature of the thermal conductive plastic heat sink were 14.3℃ higher and 2.19℃ lower respectively than an aluminum heat sink.

현재 기술이 발전하게 됨에 따라 멀티미디어 콘텐츠 제작에는 많은 비용과 인적자원이 필요하고, 수많은 멀 티미디어 제작 도구 소프트웨어가 필요하게 되었다. 이런 각각의 멀티미디어 제작 소프트웨어들은 배울 내용 이 너무 많은데다가 고품질의 최종결과물을 만들기 위해서 많은 시간이 소요되는 문제점이 있다. 그렇기 때 문에 대학생들이 실무 업계에서 통용될 수 있는 멀티미디어 콘텐츠 제작을 위해서 4년이라는 대학교육 시간 내에서 이것들을 전부 학습하기엔 무리가 있고 여러 가지 제약이 수반될 수밖에 없다. 이러한 문제점들이 대 두된 가운데 게임을 제작하기 위한 게임 엔진이 새로운 대안으로 제시되고 있다. 여러 가지 소프트웨어로 만 들어야 했던 멀티미디어 콘텐츠를 게임 엔진으로 하나로 통합하여 만들 수 있게 되었고, 실시간 렌더링을 할 수 있는 게임 엔진의 특성상 최종 결과물을 만드는 데 기존의 방식보다 비약적인 시간 단축이 가능하기 때 문이다. 본 논문에서는 대학에서 효율적인 교육을 위하여 상용게임 엔진 중 가장 많이 쓰는 Unity 엔진과 Unreal 엔진을 중심으로 각 게임 엔진의 특성과 장·단점을 비교 분석함으로써 위 두 엔진 중 대학교에서 어 떤 것을 선택하여 교육하는 것이 효율적인지에 대한 분석 결과를 제시하고자 한다.

With the development of current technology, multimedia content production requires a lot of cost and human resources, and a lot of multimedia production softwares are required. There are problems that each of these multimedia production softwares have too much to learn and takes a lot of time to produce high-quality final results. Therefore, it is difficult for college students to learn all of these within four years of college education to produce multimedia content that can be used in the working-level industry and there are many restrictions. Amid these problems, a game engine to produce games is being proposed as a new alternative. Multimedia content, which had to be made with various software, can be integrated into one game engine, and due to the nature of the game engine that can render in real time, it is possible to reduce the time to produce final results by leaps and bounds. In this paper, we want to compare the characteristics and strengths and weaknesses of each game engine with Unity and Unreal engine which are used most often among commercial game engines, and suggest an analysis of which of the above two engines is efficient in choosing and training at the university.

In the modern society, with the development of Information & Communications Technology (ICT), the cyber threat is also increasing, and to prepare for this, Moving Target Defense (MTD) strategy is widely used to actively protect the Mission-Critical Systems. Although the MTD strategy has shifted the paradigm from passive system defense to active system defense, the indiscriminate use of the MTD strategy has the disadvantage of acting as a large overhead on the system to be protected. To solve this problem, in this paper, we derive the attack surface of the system to be protected using cyber attack information (OpenIOC). Then, based on the derived data, we propose a data visualization engine that can help configure a systematic MTD strategy by linking it with MTD strategy components. Through the proposed data visualization engine, existing and new MTD strategy researchers can configure a more systematic MTD strategy.

The fuel used in this study, DMM is an oxygen additive containing 42.5% oxygen by weight and dissolved in diesel fuel, also known as methyl alcohol or Dimethoxymethane (CH3-O-CH2-O-CH3). DMM, which is a colorless liquid, shows chemical characteristics of gas-liquid and is also used as a diesel fuel component. In this study, five mixtures were added to the common diesel fuel at DMM addition rates of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5% by volume. A single cylinder, four strokes, DI diesel engine was used as the test engine. Experimental data were also collected at 24 engine speed-load conditions operating in steady state. The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of the addition ratio of oxidized fuel mixed in diesel fuel on engine power and exhaust performance. When compared with the common diesel fuel, the exhaust of Smoke was substantially reduced in all DMM mixing ratios. These results indicate that DMM can be an effective blend of diesel fuel and is an environmentally friendly alternative fuel. This study also shows that smoke and NOx emissions can be reduced at the same time through the application of oxygen fuel and EGR.

Physics game engine, the graphics engine and network engine, artificial intelligence engine, sound engine, isometric engine that is more variety such thoughts. The engine for the convenience of the various parts during manufacture of the game. If there is no engine, it is to use this to be produced by programming a portion corresponding thereto directly, saving time and money. For example, look at some first example I saw a lot of Havok physics engine in the engine is relatively inde For example, depending on the intensity and direction of the character is pushed when the hammer hits the hammer Distance, angle, an engine that can help you easily apply a variety of calculations, such as physical strength. The following is a typical wah, etc. also wrote the Gamebryo graphics engine as. Sikimyeo optimize the graphics engine built object in 2D or 3D image through techniques such as Shader serves to make faster, more glamorous images that appear on the screen. Artificial intelligence engine to assist so that you can easily AI characters Any engine helps but, for example, A * pathfinding algorithm, easy to like Adjust the AI monster any play a role. Thus the role that can help you more easily and quickly to play the game engine is produced. In the paper, we analyze the "Unreal Engine" and "Unity3D" engine.

본 연구는 한국에서 지역성장의 변화가 지역서비스산업의 구조에 미치는 영향을 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 16개 시‧도의 성장변화가 외부적 요인과 내부적 요인에 의해 영향을 받는다고 가정하고, 그러한 변수가 반영된 횡단면 자료와 동태적 변화를 고려한 2000년부터 2018년까지의 시계열자료를 결합하여 패널데이터를 구성한 후 회귀분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 지역성장의 변화요인 중 1인당 GRDP, 외국인직접투자, 정부 및 민간소비지출 그리고 도시화율은 전체 서비스산업과 전통 및 지식서비스산업의 구조에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤지만, 무역개방도, 총고정자본형성, 경제활동인구, GRDP 성장률은 부정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 지역성장의 엔진으로서 각각의 서비스산업 이 발전할 수 있도록 지역정부는 고정투자의 개선과 IT네트워크의 고도화를 통해 새로운 소비 와 고용이 창출되는 산업환경을 조성할 필요가 있다.

Purpose : This study aims to analyze the effect of changes in regional growth on the structure of regional service industry in Korea. Research design, data, methodology : This study to achieve this research purpose assumed that growth changes in 16 cities and provinces are affected by external and internal factors and conducted regression analysis after constructing panel data by combining cross-sectional data reflecting such variables and time series data from 2000 to 2018 considering dynamic changes. Results : We were found that GRDP per capita, foreign direct investment, government and private consumption expenditure, and urbanization rate had a positive effect on the structure of the service industry including traditional services and knowledge services, but trade openness, gross fixed capital formation, economically active population, and GRDP growth rate had a negative effect. Conclusions : Local governments need to create an industrial environment in which new consumption and employment are created through the improvement of fixed investment and the advancement of IT networks so that each service industry can develop as an engine for regional growth.

From the 1960s, the corpus became the resources in the field of linguistics for the practical studies. Translation studies also accepted this type of study to explain translational phenomena. Since Gideon Toury and Mona Baker proposed the application of corpus in this field, various translation corpora are used to extract translational correspondences for several studies such as translational comparison between two languages, translation education, machine translation, etc. However, a complete corpus needs a lot of time and cost. Moreover, in Korea, there is no big corpus of translation like the website Linguee. From this point of view, we can consider the search engine Google as Big Corpus. Although it is not a parallel corpus, we are able to profit translational correspondences from Google as Big corpus because it may provide quite a number of textual translation resources between Korean and other languages.